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Nep Balance in Cotton During Processing It Into a Yarn

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Nep Balance in Cotton During Processing It Into a Yarn NEP BALANCE IN COTTON DURING PROCESSING IT INTO A YARN Iwona Frydrych1,2, Małgorzata Matusiak1 1) Institute of Textile Architecture, 276 Piotrkowska Str. 90-950 Lodz, Poland, e-mail:[email protected] 2) Technical University, Faculty of Textile Technology Department of Clothing Technology 36 Żwirki, 90-539 Lodz, Poland, e-mail:[email protected] KEYWORDS feeding the ring spinning frame and in the sliver feeding the rotor spinning frame differs significantly from the nep industrial process, industrial engineering, manufacturing, number in the entering raw material (Kluka, Matusiak and forecasting, deterministic model Frydrych 1998). ABSTRACT Many authors have been working for many years on a problem of cotton neppiness (Färber 1998, Frey 1994, Neppiness is one of the main quality problems of Peters and Söll 2000). Nevertheless, it is still not solved in a cotton yarns, especially designed for production of high complex way, but it is very important cotton yarn quality quality fabrics for apparel. Neps and trash a contained in problem especially for yarns designed for very high fabric processed raw cotton are the nep source in yarn. quality. Nevertheless, not all the neps and trash being in raw cotton Predicting a cotton yarn quality in the aspect of their are transferred into to the yarn and are registered by the neppiness requires first of all the nep and trash number Uster Tester as a yarn faults. During the processing in the evaluation in the sliver or roving, from which the yarn is spinning mill the nep and trash number is changed; directly created. It is possible to know the nep number in therefore, the nep number in semi-products, from which the raw material used for production and effectiveness of work yarn is created differs significantly from the nep number in of spinning machinery being in the technological order. the initial raw material. Predicting the cotton yarn neppiness demands the evaluation of the nep number in 2. THEORETICAL PART roving, from which directly the yarn is formed. 2.1. Model of the nep balance in cotton during In the paper there are presented models of nep balance processing basing on a diagnostics process in the in the technological process basing on diagnostics by the spinning mill using the AFIS system AFIS system in the spinning mill. The models were elaborated for carded and combed spinning systems. Knowing a character of the nep number changes in Elaborated nep balances enable predicting the nep cotton during the processing we can prepare the nep number in 1 gram of roving feeding the ring spinning balance basing on diagnostics of the technological process frame, what creates the starting point for further by the AFIS system. consideration in direction of predicting the nep number per During the preliminary cotton fiber treatment in the 1000 m of cotton yarn. scutching room there is the nep number increment. It is due to the mechanical action of working elements of cleaning and 1. INTRODUCTION opening machines and pneumatic fiber transport. The nep One of the most important cotton yarn quality number increment during the processing in the scutching parameters is the nep number per 1000 m. Nep presence room depends on the processing conditions, among the influences the yarn appearance and produced from it others adjustment of machinery working elements, climatic fabrics, their smoothness as well as dye evenness (Artzt conditions, underpressure, rotary speed of the cleaning 1957, Frey 1999). elements and so on, as well as on fiber characteristics, The nep source in the yarn are neps and trashes especially these parameters, which influence the fiber ability contained in the raw material used for production (Färber for nep creating. Due to the fact that it does not depend on 1996). Nevertheless, not all the neps and trashes being in the initial nep number in raw material Nc, the increment of cotton are transferred into the yarn and are registered by the the nep number ∆Νt during the processing in the scutching Uster tester as the yarn faults. During the technological room should be expressed in absolute values. Therefore, the process the nep and trash number change. nep number per 1 gram in the web delivered from the Trash removing takes a place during the preliminary scutching machinery can be expressed by equation (1): cleaning and opening, carding and combing. In the case of N =N + ∆N (1) neps there is observed initially an increment of their t c t number in the scutching room, next – a significant where: reduction due to the carding and combing (Artzt, Gresser Nt - the nep number per gram in the fiber stream delivered and Maidel 1995; Furter and Frey 1991; Frydrych and by the opening and cleaning machinery (in a lap or web), Matusiak 1998). Therefore, the nep number in semi- Nc-- the nep number per gram in raw material, products, from which the yarn is created, i.e., in the roving ∆Nt - increment of the nep number per gram as a result of In the combed system there is also an additional stage, preliminary treatment in the scutching room. in which the nep reduction in the processed fiber stream has During the carding there is a reduction of the nep a place. This stage is the combing process. Nep removing number being in the web feeding the carding frame. Its efficiency by the combing frame is defined analogously as amount depends on many factors, among the others the for the carding frame: degree of utility and cleanness of covering of main N − N = feed.comb del.comb ⋅ cylinder, licer-in and flats, general technical shape of NRE comb 100% (8) machinery, cylinder rotary speed, adjustment working N feed.comb elements of machines, and so on. where: Parameter characterizing the carding machine NREcomb - nep removing efficiency by the combing frame in %, effectiveness in the aspect of nep reduction is Nep Nfeed.comb - the nep number per gram in a lap feeding the Removing Efficiency (NRE%), which is expressed by combing frame, equation (2): Ndel.comb - the nep number per gram in sliver delivered by N − N the combing frame. NRE = feed.card del.card ⋅100% (2) card N Basing on equation (8) the nep number per gram in feed.card sliver after combing can be calculated in the following way: where: æ NRE ö NREcard - nep removing efficiency by the carding frame, = ç − comb ÷ N del.comb N feed.comb 1 (9) Nfeed.card - the nep number per gram in a web (or lap) è 100 ø feeding the carding frame, During the drawing after the carding process as well as Ndel.card - the nep number per gram in the sliver delivered by the carding frame. during the doubling there shouldn’t take place significant From the eq.(2) the nep number in gram of sliver changes of neps in processed fiber stream. Thus, the correct delivered from the carding frame can by expressed as is equation: = follows: N del.card N feed.comb (10) æ NRE ö Therefore, the equation on the nep number in a sliver = ç − card ÷ N del.card N feed.card 1 (3) delivered by the combing frame, and in the same way in è 100 ø roving created from the sliver after combing can be The nep number in fiber stream feeding the carding described by the equation: frame corresponds to the nep number in the fiber stream æ NRE öæ NRE ö N = ()N + ∆N ç1− card ÷ç1− comb ÷ delivered by opening and cleaning machines: del.comb c t è 100 øè 100 ø (11) = (4) ≈ N t N feed.card Nrov.comb This equation (3) can be written as follows: where: æ NRE ö Nrov.comb - the nep number per gram in roving after N = ()N + ∆N ç1− card ÷ (5) combing. del.card c t è 100 ø The derived equation determines the relationship on the In the carded system the sliver delivered by the nep number in roving made by the combed system in the carding frame is drawn by the drawing frames (breakers or function of the nep number N in cotton used for processing finishers), and next, stretched on the roving frame. At a c and acting efficiency of machinery: scutching room – ∆N , correct technological process during the drawing and t carding frame – NRE , combing frame – NRE . preliminary spinning procedures there are not seen the card comb significant changes of the nep number in the processed fiber 2.2. Determination of parameters characterizing the stream. Therefore, the nep number per 1 gram of sliver spinning machinery efficiency from the carding frame corresponds to the nep number per Parameters characterizing the machinery work in the 1 gram in sliver from the drawing frame and of roving: ≈ technological order: ∆Nt, NREcard, NREcomb, can be N del.card N rov card (6) determined basing on intermill diagnostics carried out in where: the spinning mill using the AFIS system. Nrov. card - the nep number in carded roving. The AFIS system is a basic tool applied in the world spinning mills for checking and optimizing the Finally, the nep number in the roving from the carded technological process. On the basis of AFIS results for system can be expressed by: semi-products feeding and delivered by a given spinning æ NRE ö machine its work correctness is assessed not only in the N = ()N + ∆N ç1− card ÷ (7) rov.card c t è ø aspect of the nep removing, but also the cleaning efficiency, 100 degree of fiber destruction and so on. These results can be Neps contained in the roving – Nrovcard are transferred used for calculation of the mean values of parameters into the yarn produced from this roving.
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