Queensland Brain Institute 2012 Annual Report

2012 Annual Report 2012 Institute Queensland Brain

Queensland Brain Institute 2012 Annual Report Cover Image: Neuronal processes isolated from their cell bodies by microfluidic channels were severed along the red line and allowed to regrow to study mechanisms of regeneration. (Image repeated horizontally) Image: Andrew Thompson, Senior Research Technician Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Table of Contents

UQ President and Vice-Chancellor’s Report .....2 Cunnington Laboratory...... 30 Students...... 60 QBI Director’s Report...... 3 Eyles Laboratory...... 31 Student stories and profiles...... 62 Goodhill Laboratory...... 32 Master of Neuroscience students...... 63 Discovery...... 4 GÖtz Laboratory...... 33 Hilliard Laboratory...... 34 Nonlinear dendritic integration of sensory Community...... 64 and motor input during an active Jiang Laboratory...... 35 Events...... 66 sensing task ...... 6 Lynch Laboratory...... 36 Conferences...... 68 Alzheimer’s cure may be a matter of size ...... 8 Marshall Laboratory...... 37 Community Outreach...... 70 MRI gains attention as diagnostic tool for Mattingley Laboratory...... 38 Australian Brain Bee Challenge...... 71 Alzheimer’s disease detection...... 10 McGrath Laboratory...... 39 Scientists clearer on gene linked to motor Meunier Laboratory...... 40 Recognition...... 72 neuron disease...... 12 Mowry Laboratory...... 41 Mathematical model unlocks key to brain Osborne Laboratory...... 42 Fellowships and Awards...... 74 wiring ...... 14 Piper Laboratory...... 43 Commercialisation ...... 75 Researchers move closer to delaying Reinhard Laboratory...... 44 Publications...... 76 dementia ...... 16 Richards Laboratory...... 45 Grants ...... 84 Novel analysis offers clues to schizophrenia Sah Laboratory...... 46 Neuroscience Seminars...... 86 underpinnings ...... 18 Srinivasan Laboratory...... 47 Professional Service...... 88 van Swinderen Laboratory...... 48 Editorial Boards...... 89 Research...... 20 Visscher Laboratory...... 49 UQ Appointments...... 90 Bartlett Laboratory...... 22 Wallace Laboratory...... 50 Staff ...... 91 Bredy Laboratory...... 23 Williams Laboratory...... 51 In Appreciation ...... 94 Burne Laboratory...... 24 Wray Laboratory...... 52 Supporting QBI ...... 95 Cheung Laboratory...... 25 Centre for Ageing Dementia Research...... 54 Claudianos Laboratory...... 26 Science of Learning Centre...... 56 Colvin Laboratory ...... 27 Joint Sino-Australian Neurogenetics Cooper Laboratory...... 28 Laboratory...... 57 Coulson Laboratory...... 29 Joint Laboratory of Neuroscience and Cognition...... 58

QBI ANNUAL REPORT 1 UQ President and Vice-Chancellor's Report

Cognition with the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of Biophysics in Beijing, and the Joint Sino-Australian Neurogenetics Laboratory with the Changzheng Hospital at the Second Military Medical University in Shanghai. The formal relationship with the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany, is also gaining momentum with a second symposium planned to strengthen initial collaborations. In another international success, Queensland student Teresa Tang was named the first Australian winner of the International Brain Bee (IBB) held in Cape Town, South Africa, after initially winning the Australian Brain Bee Challenge (ABBC). The compe- 2012 marked five years since the opening of the tors, so it is a credit to Oliver to be recognised in this tition for high school students, first established in purpose-built $63 million facility that houses the way. His achievements are made more consider- Australia in 2006 through QBI, is key to developing Queensland Brain Institute (QBI) at The Univer- able by the fact only 13 per cent of the Award’s 2100 and encouraging an early interest in neuroscience, sity of Queensland (UQ). applicants were successful. and is testament to the Institute’s commitment to In these five years QBI has significantly increased UQ again received the highest score of 5, or ‘well fostering the neuroscientists of the future. Teresa the number of scientific staff and students, from 10 above world standard’, in the area of Neurosciences will complement her IBB win by undertaking a students, 18 Principal Investigators (PIs) and 89 staff in the 2012 ARC Excellence in Research for Australia research placement at QBI over the 2012 summer in 2007, to 92 students, 33 PIs and 350 staff in 2012. (ERA) initiative. This achievement can to a very working in Professor Jason Mattingley’s Laboratory. large extent be attributed to the outstanding work The Institute’s success in competitive grant I congratulate Perry and his dedicated team on their produced by researchers at QBI. A selection of QBI’s funding has also increased accordingly. Austral- tremendous achievements to date, and thank them key findings for 2012 are outlined in the Discoveries ian Research Council (ARC) support has increased for helping to cement UQ as a leader in neurosci- section of this report and include fascinating new from $2.02 million in 2007 to $5.68 million in 2012, ence research. 2013 is QBI’s 10-year anniversary and insights into treating Alzheimer’s disease, a math- and National Health and Medical Research Council I look forward to celebrating this notable milestone ematical model that underpins brain wiring and (NHMRC) funding has grown from $2.4 million to and all that has been achieved in the past decade. work that has brought us closer to developing a $6.63 million over the same period. therapeutic target for motor neuron disease (MND). Professor Peter Høj Professor Justin Marshall received a prestigious President and Vice-Chancellor In 2012 internationally renowned neuroscien- Discovery Outstanding Researcher Award, as part of tist Professor Jürgen Götz was recruited as the Australia’s largest individual ARC Discovery Project inaugural Director of QBI’s newly established grant. His work investigates the neural processing Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CADR). This that underpins the sophisticated forms of colour Centre brings together research capabilities across and polarisation vision exhibited by octopus, squid the Institute to focus on dementia, one of Austral- and mantis shrimps on the Great Barrier Reef. ia’s most significant health problems, and will be Further, Dr Oliver Baumann was awarded an ARC formally launched in early 2013. Discovery Early Career Researcher Award for his QBI Director Professor Perry Bartlett has promoted research using neuroimaging techniques to probe the Institute’s international partnerships. He has the role of the human cerebellum in perceptual strengthened relations with research colleagues in processes. This new award identifies research excel- China at the Joint Laboratory of Neuroscience and lence and leadership potential in young investiga-

2 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

QBI Director’s Report

Our productivity is evidenced not only by an in- We have also continued to support the develop- time, QBI has welcomed the support of the MND crease in publication numbers – from 62 in 2005 ment of our other centres within QBI, including the and Me Foundation in its quest to improve the un- to 210 in 2012 – but also by an increase in the num- Science of Learning Centre (SoLC). The SoLC was es- derstanding of MND. Mr Scott Sullivan, founder of ber of publications in the world’s foremost journals, tablished with the goal of bringing educationalists the MND and Me Foundation and an MND sufferer, with 4 in Nature, 1 in Science, 2 in Neuron, 1 in Na- and researchers from different disciplines together, contributed $70,000 to QBI’s research into finding ture Neuroscience and 7 in The Journal of Neurosci- in the hopes that we could translate cutting-edge a cure for the disease, which currently affects 1,400 ence, this year. Among these research achievements neuroscience into effective, efficient and practical Australians. was Associate Professor Stephen Williams’ unique teaching techniques for application in the class- discovery about how the brain computes sensory room and workplace. Research from within the SoLC Much of our success in garnering community sup- information, which was published in the prestigious is already helping us to better understand complex port comes from the committed people around us. journal Nature, and the development of Professor neural circuitry, whole-brain activity and the inter- I wish to thank our Advisory Board, Dr Sallyanne Geoffrey Goodhill’s mathematical model to predict action between memory systems, emotion and Atkinson AO (Chair), Dr David Merson, Mr Tim the connections made by nerve fibres during brain attention. Crommelin and Dr Jane Jacobs for their service and development, published in the journal Neuron. I am delighted with the research progress in our support. Equally, I extend my gratitude to our De- This year marks an important milestone for our This year saw the establishment of the Centre for joint laboratories with colleagues in China. Work velopment Board, Mr Jeff Maclean (Chair), Mr Mike Institute as it is 5 years since we took occupation Ageing Dementia Research (CADR), with the ap- within the Joint Sino-Australian Neurogenetics Lab- O’Brien, Mr Simon O’Brien, Ms Susan Pearse and of our $63 million, purpose-built facility. This pointment of its inaugural Director, Professor Jür- oratory in Shanghai is focussed largely on studying Mr Graham McHugh for their commitment to fun- world-class facility is home to 33 outstanding gen Götz, in February. As Australia’s first facility fo- a cohort of nearly 1000 DNA samples from sporadic draising. research teams and, together with the numer- cussed entirely on research into the prevention and motor neuron disease (MND) patients as well as 24 ous advanced technologies we have accrued, has treatment of dementia – one of the country’s most familial cases, the outcomes of which will hopefully Of course, without the work of our talented staff, allowed us to position ourselves as leaders in pressing health problems – CADR is quickly attract- allow us to identify new genetic markers and ulti- none of this would be possible. Thank you to our neuroscience research in the Asia-Pacific region. ing the attention of government and the commu- mately new therapeutic targets for this debilitating Faculty, postdoctoral fellows, research assistants, Over the past 5 years QBI has enjoyed phenom- nity alike, with significant philanthropic support disease. The Joint Laboratory of Neuroscience and students and support staff. Special mention must enal growth, and grant success has been driven from the Estate of Dr Clem Jones AO, The Helpful Cognition in Beijing currently has more than 20 go to my Deputy Directors for Research, Profes- by research excellence and productivity. Foundation, G James Pty Ltd and the John T Reid researchers working across five different projects, sor Pankaj Sah, and Operations, Mr John Kelly, for Charitable Trusts. Due to the high cost of basic re- with a key focus on determining how learning and In what has been a challenging time for state and their unwavering commitment to the Institute. I search, QBI is still seeking a total investment of $25 memory are regulated. There are regular exchang- federal government funding, our research excel- wish to acknowledge the ongoing support and million from government and private donations to es of scientists, and a joint paper has already been lence attracted a total of $4.9 million from the friendship given by The University of Queensland’s drive the Centre. Under the direction of Professor published, hopefully the first of many. National Health and Medical Research Council Götz, the CADR team has made significant advanc- Senior Management, in particular Vice-Chancellor, (NHMRC) to fund ten projects commencing in es in the area of Alzheimer’s disease research. They This year we farewelled Ross Maclean Senior Re- Professor Peter Høj, Senior Deputy Vice-Chan- 2013. Among the recipients was Associate Profes- have discovered that treatment for the disease may search Fellow, Dr Robyn Wallace, who has played cellor, Professor Debbie Terry, and Deputy Vice- sor Elizabeth Coulson, who was awarded a grant of lie in modifying the length of subcellular structures a key role in understanding the genetics of neuro- Chancellor (Research), Professor Max Lu. I also $824,640 to conduct a study of sleep disturbance responsible for metabolising energy in the brain, logical disorders such as MND and epilepsy. In 2012, extend my personal gratitude to our many do- and cholinergic degeneration in Alzheimer’s dis- the mitochondria. Work within CADR has also high- Dr Wallace continued her impressive work into un- nors and supporters, particularly in this challeng- ease. QBI researchers were also awarded $800,000 lighted the importance of physical exercise when derstanding MND by monitoring the functions of ing financial climate. Your support is paramount for new equipment funded under the Australian maintaining a healthy brain. The study, conducted the protein TDP-43 in the nervous system. By un- to the success of the Institute. I look forward to Research Council’s (ARC) Linkage Infrastructure, derstanding the role TDP-43 plays in maintaining in my laboratory by Dr Daniel Blackmore, found QBI’s 10-year anniversary in 2013 and celebrating Equipment and Facilities (LIEF) scheme, $1.125 mil- that growth hormone triggers the exercise-depen- connections between nerve and muscle cells and our many research successes of the past decade. lion in the ARC Discovery Early Career Researcher dent activation of stem cells in the adult brain to the genes it controls, we can work towards develop- Awards (DECRAs), and $1.69 million in ARC Dis- generate new nerve cells, which reverses the de- ing therapeutic interventions to delay or eliminate covery Project grants. Included in the recipients of cline in cell number normally observed as animals deterioration of the gene. Dr Marie Mangelsdorf Discovery Project funding was QBI Deputy Director age. Professor Götz’s work is complemented by his has taken over as acting Group Leader and will (Research), Professor Pankaj Sah, who was awarded remarkable team, which includes NHMRC CJ Martin continue the group’s work using advanced genomic $600,000 to explore how the brain processes, stores Fellow, Dr Victor Anggono. The Centre will be for- techniques to understand how these genes cause Professor Perry Bartlett FAA and retrieves information. mally launched in early 2013. MND and to test potential treatments. At the same Director

QBI ANNUAL REPORT 3 DISCOVERY

4 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Discovery

In less than a decade, the Queensland Brain Institute has positioned itself as one of the world’s leading neuroscience research facilities. Working out of a $63 million state-of- the-art centre, researchers are hand-picked from across the globe along with a host of high calibre students committed to improving the lives and health of Australians.

Research at QBI aims to create an environment of discovery that will ultimately lead to the development of much-needed therapeutic treatments for neurological disorders and neurotrauma.

The Queensland Brain Institute

DISCOVERY 5 "By integrating different types of signals such as touch and

Discovery movement, the brain can perform at lightning speed"

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Nonlinear dendritic integration of sensory and motor input during an active sensing task

The researchers used advanced optical imaging “Whisker movement is triggered by the motor and electrophysiological techniques to observe cortex, which sends projections to the distal single neurons in the neocortex of behaving mice, dendrites of the output neurons in the sensory during a task where the mice sensed the location area of the neocortex. of an object using their whiskers. “When a sensory signal is detected and correlated “In the mouse, one of the major sensory with motor cortex activity a large output response Researchers from QBI, in partnership with colleagues modalities is touch by the whiskers,” says is generated in the dendrites, which represents Associate Professor Williams. the detection of an object in head-centred from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in the coordinates,” says Associate Professor Williams. USA, have made a discovery about how neurons “We were pleasantly surprised to discover that the dendrites of nerve cells are highly excited process information during behaviour. during a sensory-motor behaviour,” he said.

Findings of the study, recently published in the “More importantly we found that dendritic prestigious journal Nature, show that dendrites integration acts to combine motor signals, which – the fine extensions of a neuron, which collect control muscle movement, with sensory signals signals from other neurons within a network – detected from the environment.” operate during behaviour to actively compute the occurrence of sensory and motor signals. By integrating different types of signals such as touch and movement, the brain can perform “Our work over the last ten years has shown at lightning speed, allowing animals to predict that active processing occurs in the dendrites where a sensory signal occurred in relation to its of neurons maintained in thin slices of the brain movement and react accordingly. in vitro, however, little has been known about the role of dendrites in circuit computations in behaving animals,” says Associate Professor Stephen Williams.

These findings will help to better understand how the brain processes multiple types of information to perform complex behaviours. Above: Imaging dendritic activity evoked by active touch. Far left: Associate Professor Stephen Williams.

DISCOVERY 7 "The good news is that the development of genetic and

Discovery drug interventions aimed at reducing mitochondrial length and reversing the toxic effects of TAU can now get underway"

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Alzheimer’s cure may be a matter of size

“Alzhemer’s disease belongs to a group of neu- Professor Götz, who joined QBI after several rodegenerative diseases termed ‘TAUopathies’, successful years undertaking dementia research charaterised by clumps of the protein TAU inside in Sydney, says the cost of dementia on the neurons. economy is immense.

“In instances where neurons express toxic levels “By the 2060's, spending on dementia is set to of human TAU, the mitochondria are elongated.” outstrip that of any other health condition. It is projected to be $83 billion, and will represent “All cells rely on mitochondria for energy around 11 per cent of the entire health and metabolism, and neurons in particular, so residential aged care sector spending,” he said. controlling the length of these subcellular structures is very important for brain function,” A legitimate research breakthrough that says Professor Götz. could delay the onset of dementia by 5 years could mean 35.2 per cent fewer cases by 2020 The research provides novel targets for (cumulative savings of $13.5 billion) and 48.5 per therapeutic intervention. cent fewer cases by 2040 (saving $67.5 billion) . “Treatments currently available for these diseases The most common form of dementia is have at most modest effects, in part due to Alzheimer’s disease, accounting for around 70 our limited understanding of how Alzheimer’s per cent of all cases. Conditions associated with disease starts and progresses,” continues dementia are typically progressive, degenerative Size really does matter according to scientists Professor Götz. and irreversible as there is symptomatic looking for ways to cure Alzheimer’s disease. The good news is that the development of genetic treatment but currently no cure. and drug interventions aimed at reducing mito- Research conducted by QBI and Harvard chondrial length and reversing the toxic effects University has led to the discovery that of TAU can now get underway. treatment for Alzheimer’s disease may lie in “Aspects of mitochondrial regulation that are modifying the length of subcellular structures being increasingly appreciated are changes in the brain responsible for metabolising energy, in size and shape of the organelle, through a mitochondria. process termed 'mitochondrial dynamics',” says The study found that in cases where the Professor Götz. mitochondria were abnormally long, they Alzheimer’s disease affects almost 320,000 induced cell death. Australians. This number is expected to reach Director of the Centre for Ageing Dementia over 1 million people by 2050. Research (CADR) at QBI and co-author of the Above : TAU aggregates in the paper, Professor Jürgen Götz, explains: hippocampus of a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Far left: Professor Jürgen Götz.

DISCOVERY 9 "If this method works in humans it could assist

Discovery patients to receive the current treatments aimed at reducing the effects of Alzheimer’s disease earlier"

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MRI gains attention as diagnostic tool for Alzheimer’s disease detection

such that there is atrophy or loss of the tissue. The current treatments help the basal forebrain The aim of this study was to determine whether neurons to function, but are ineffective if earlier neurodegenerative changes in the basal the basal forebrain neurons have already forebrain could be detected through MRI using deteriorated. diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), using a rodent “These findings provide increased support model,” says Associate Professor Coulson. for using DTI and probabilistic tractography “By doing this, we were able to demonstrate as non-invasive tools for diagnosing and/ that it might be possible to detect signs of or monitoring the progression of conditions Alzheimer’s onset, before the basal forebrain affecting the integrity of the basal forebrain cells had actually deteriorated,” she said. cholinergic system in humans, including Alzheimer's disease.” The Coulson laboratory are now further developing the methods by analysing human The project received valuable funding from MRI scans. the Department of Employment, Economic Scientists can now detect early features of Alzheimer’s Development and Innovation (DEEDI). disease using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) thanks to a Detecting degeneration of nerve cells ahead of study conducted by Associate Professor Elizabeth Coulson. cell loss gives greater opportunity for targeted intervention. By analysing MRI scans, Associate Professor “If this method works in humans it could assist Coulson and her team were able to detect loss patients to receive the current treatments aimed of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons – an early at reducing the effects of Alzheimer’s earlier and and key feature of Alzheimer’s disease. when they are most beneficial,” says Associate Above: MRI image of a coronal section “Traditional MRI methods of detecting changes Professor Coulson. of a human brain. The areas in blue to the brain in Alzheimer's disease require tissue are those that degenerate early in Alzheimer's disease and include the to have undergone significant degeneration hippocampus and the basal forebrain. Far left: Associate Professor Elizabeth Coulson.

DISCOVERY 11 Discovery

"QBI’s Dr Robyn Wallace says the analysis produced a list of 1,839 potential TDP-43 gene targets"

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Scientists clearer on gene linked to motor neuron disease

The aim of the study was to identify genes in the central nervous system that are regulated by TDP-43.

An expert in MND and contributor to the study, QBI’s Dr Robyn Wallace, says the analysis produced a list of 1,839 potential TDP-43 gene targets, many of which overlap with previous studies.

“In the past we have known TDP-43 is an RNA binding protein involved in gene regulation through control of RNA transcription, splicing and transport, however, we haven’t been able to precisely pinpoint the genes it controls,” says Dr Wallace.

“By understanding the role TDP-43 plays in maintaining connections between nerve and muscle cells and the genes it controls, we can Researchers at QBI are closer to identifying a therapeutic work towards developing therapeutic interventions to delay or eliminate deterioration of the target for neurodegenerative disorders such as gene.” motor neuron disease (MND) after finding a specific protein linked to a number of brain disorders. The findings of the study were published in the journal Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Fron- totemporal Degeneration. The study monitored the functions of TDP-43 in the nervous system, which until now have been QBI’s research into MND is made possible thanks largely unknown. to the Ross Maclean Senior Research Fellowship, the Peter Goodenough Bequest and the MND and Cytoplasmic inclusions containing TDP-43 are a Me Foundation. pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders, including MND and frontotemporal dementia.

Above: Hierarchical clustering of RNA binding partners of TDP-43 (TAR DNA binding protein), a splicing regulator in mouse brain using Partek Genomic suite. Far left: PhD student Ramesh Narayanan in the Wallace laboratory.

DISCOVERY 13 14

QBI ANNUALQBI REPORT Discovery suggest wiring problems wiringsuggest problems and recent discoveries normal brain function brain function normal "Correct brain wiring brain wiring "Correct underpin a number number a underpin is fundamental for for fundamental is of nervous system system nervous of disorders" Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Mathematical model unlocks key to brain wiring

“We constructed a mathematical model for the relevant signalling network, which explained a large range of previous biological data and made predictions for when axons will be attracted or repelled,” he said.

“We then confirmed these predictions experi- mentally, in particular showing that while small increases in cAMP levels promote attraction large increases do not, and that under some circumstances reducing cAMP levels promotes attraction.”

Correct brain wiring is fundamental for normal brain function and recent discoveries suggest wiring problems underpin a number of nervous The ability of growing axons to accurately locate redirected, only now are they understanding why system disorders including autism, dyslexia, this is the case. Down syndrome, Tourette syndrome and targets during development or regeneration is critical Parkinson's disease. for the formation of correct neural circuits. “For a number of decades we’ve known that the direction of nerve growth can be altered by This model, published in the prestigious journal A new mathematical model designed to predict changing the levels of certain chemicals in the Neuron, demonstrates the important role of the directions growing nerve fibres take during nerve fibre, but we haven’t understood why this mathematics in understanding how the brain brain development may help in the prevention of is the case,” says Professor Goodhill. works. cognitive disorders. Correct guidance of axons to their targets The model, constructed by an interdisciplinary depends on an intricate network of signalling team of QBI scientists, gives new insight into molecules in the growth cone. how changing chemical levels in nerve fibres can modify nerve wiring underpinning crucial Calcium and cAMP are two key regulators of connections in the brain. whether axons are attracted or repelled by molecular gradients, but how these molecules Professor Geoffrey Goodhill from QBI and UQ’s interact to determine guidance responses School of Mathematics and Physics says whilst remains unclear. scientists have long known that nerves can be Above: The paths taken by neurons in response to a chemical gradient. When the levels of certain chemicals are changed they match the predictions of a mathematical model. Far left: Professor Geoffrey Goodhill.

DISCOVERY 15 "The challenge is to find out how to stimulate Discovery neuronal production in the aged animal and humans where production has slowed"

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Researchers move closer to delaying dementia

“Furthermore, we have shown that a molecule Dr Vukovic said that until relatively recently, it produced by nerve cells, fractalkine, can reverse was thought the adult brain was incapable of this process and stimulate stem cells to produce generating new neurons. new neurons.” “But work from Professor Bartlett’s laboratory The discovery, published in The Journal of over the past 20 years has demonstrated that the Neuroscience, came after the research team brains of adult animals retain the ability to make observed that the increased production of new new nerve cells,” she said. neurons in mice that were actively running, “The challenge is to find out how to stimulate was due to the release of fractalkine in the neuronal production in the aged animal and hippocampus – the brain structure responsible humans where production has slowed.” for specific types of learning and memory. The latest work was a “significant step toward Professor Bartlett said it had been known for achieving this goal,” she said. some time that exercise increased the production of new nerve cells in the hippocampus in young and even aged mice.

QBI scientists are one step closer to developing new “But this study found that it is fractalkine that therapies for treating dementia following a study aimed at appears to be specifically mediating this effect understanding the molecular mechanism that may underlie by making the microglia produce factors that learning and memory impairment in the ageing population. activate the stem cells that produce new nerve cells,” he said.

“Once the cells are activated they divide and “Ageing slows the production of new nerve produce new cells, which underpin the animal’s cells, reducing the brain’s ability to form new ability to learn and form memories. This means memories,” says postdoctoral researcher Dr that fractalkine may form the basis for the Jana Vukovic, who performed the work in the development of future therapies. laboratory of QBI Director, Professor Perry Bartlett. “The discovery is especially exciting because we have found that older animals suffering cognitive “Our research shows, for the first time, that the decline showed significantly lower levels of brain cells usually responsible for mediating fractalkine. immunity, microglia, have an inhibitory effect on memory during ageing. Above: In an ageing brain, microglial cells can inhibit activation of neural precursor cells in the hippocampus. Image Jana Vukovic. Far left: Professor Perry Bartlett.

DISCOVERY 17 "The results imply that each affected person may carry

Discovery a unique combination of genetic risk variants"

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Novel analysis offers clues to schizophrenia underpinnings

While previous studies have pinpointed several Professor Visscher says the results hold hope that genes along with rare chromosomal deletions as even larger study samples are collected, more and duplications associated with the disease, specific genes will emerge, which will provide these account for less than three per cent of the clearer insights into the underlying biology of risk of schizophrenia. schizophrenia patients.

But the new method found that about a quarter It is a paradigm that has already proven to be of schizophrenia is captured by many variants successful for other complex genetic traits and that are common in the general population. disorders, such as Crohn’s disease.

According to QBI’s Associate Professor Naomi Associate Professor Wray says that a better un- Wray, who co-led the international study derstanding of the genetic architecture of schizo- together with Professor Peter Visscher, this phrenia will ultimately aid the earlier diagnosis suggests that we all carry genetic risk variants for and management of the disorder. schizophrenia, but that the disease only emerges “Because the risk of any one gene is so low, in when the burden of variants, in combination order to make further progress we need to with environmental factors, reaches a certain gather even larger cohorts that are carefully tipping point. Schizophrenia is a common, chronic and often collected with detailed symptom and treatment devastating brain disorder characterised by “The results imply that each affected person information,” she says. may carry a unique combination of genetic persistent delusions and hallucinations. Associate Professor Wray is one of 96 co- risk variants, which in turn is consistent with a signatories of a letter published in 2012 in It affects about 1 person in 100 at some point in spectrum of symptoms and treatment responses,” Molecular Psychiatry, calling for investment in their lives and usually strikes in late adolescence says Associate Professor Wray. larger cohorts for genetic studies of psychiatric or early adulthood. Despite the availability of Published in Nature Genetics, the study uses very disorders. effective treatments, the course of the illness is distant genetic relationships between individuals usually chronic, and response to treatments is “Larger cohorts will allow us to identify biological that are estimated from nearly a million DNA often limited, leading to prolonged disability and pathways contributing to risk of schizophrenia markers, and shows the extent to which people personal suffering. Family history, which signifies and to identify patterns in genomic profiles in with schizophrenia have more similar genomic genetic inheritance, is a strong risk factor for different groups of affected people, which is the profiles to each other than to people unaffected schizophrenia. key to personalising treatments,” she says. Above: Results from analyses validate by this disorder. that genes preferentially expressed in A new method of genetic analysis developed the brain (CNS+ genes) are overrep- This is the largest study of its kind to date with resented in their contribution to risk by researchers based at QBI, the University of more than 20,000 participants. of schizophrenia and that its genetic Queensland Diamantina Institute (UQDI) and the architecture includes an important contribution from common genetic Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) QBI’s Professor Bryan Mowry contributed one of variants (or SNPs; MAF = minor allele has shed new light on the elusive genetic under- the largest single site cohorts of over 600 cases frequency). Left: L-R Professor Peter pinnings of schizophrenia. to the international consortium. Visscher and Associate Professor Naomi Wray.

DISCOVERY 19 RESEARCH

Tractography, an MRI technique measuring water diffusion, showing the axonal connections of a mouse brain. Image Georg Kerbler, Coulson laboratory.

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Research

The Queensland Brain Institute is a world-leading research facility whose staff are committed to discovering the fundamental mechanisms regulating brain function.

Our findings are applied to the development of new therapeutic approaches to combat diseases in which brain function has failed or is compromised.

QBI's goal is to make a positive impact on the Australian community by helping to reduce the huge social and financial cost of neurological and mental illness.

QBI ANNUAL REPORT 21 Laboratory Head Professor Perry Bartlett

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Perry Bartlett, Daniel Blackmore, Lavinia Codd, Dhanisha Jhaveri, Jing Lu, Cornel Mirciov, Estella Newcombe, Boris Prosper, Gregory Robinson, Mark Spanevello, Chanel Taylor, Sophie Tajouri, Jana Vukovic, Jing Zhao. Not pictured: Weichuan Mo. Background: In an ageing brain these microglial cells can inhibit activation of neural precursor cells in the hippocampus. Image Jana Vukovic.

Activating neuronal production in the adult brain Resident populations of neural stem and the brain’s resident immune cells, can exert a the brain of an aged animal triggered precursor precursor cells drive the continuous production dual and opposing effect on neural precursor cell cell activation, whereas blocking the effects of of new neurons in a region of the adult brain activity within the hippocampus. Exercise has growth hormone prevented this activation. known to be important in learning and memory previously been shown to promote neurogenesis During 2012 the Bartlett laboratory provided - the hippocampus. Recent discoveries from the in the adult brain and in the 2012 study, the group direct evidence that patterns of synaptic Bartlett laboratory have highlighted that a large showed that microglia mediated the increase in activity associated with learning and memory proportion of these precursor cells are in fact neural precursor activity induced by exercise. It can activate quiescent cells in the adult quiescent and can be activated to produce new demonstrated that even in aged animals exercise The induction of in vivo LTP (a form of hippocampus. The study, published in Trans- cells. The team is now focussed on identifying induces a positive microglial response. synaptic strengthening that underlies lational Psychiatry, showed that the successful the factors that can trigger activation and memory and learning) significantly In a study published in PLoS ONE the Bartlett induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) results increases the activation of quiescent neural production of these newborn neurons, and un- group demonstrated that growth hormone in significant activation of the neural precursor precursor cells in the mouse hippocam- derstanding the mechanisms that underlie these mediates precursor cell activation after exercise cells and production of new neurons. The results pus, thus enabling these cells to start processes. in the subventricular zone, another neurogenic suggest that LTP induction primes hippocampal proliferating. Intriguingly, the magnitude In a study published in The Journal of Neuroscience, area of the adult brain. In addition, they found precursor cells to respond to factors that directly of LTP positively correlates with the extent of precursor activation. These results give the group showed that endogenous microglia, that administering growth hormone directly into activate proliferation. us insight into how memory and learning processes can stimulate neurogenesis.

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Laboratory Head Dr Timothy Bredy

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Timothy Bredy, Danay Baker-Andresen, Charlotte Flavell, Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira, Xiang Li, Vikram Ratnu, Paola Spadaro, Michael Troup, Wei Wei, Jocelyn Widagdo. Not pictured: Bibi Bardril, Elliot Lambert. Background: Lentiviral infusion into the prelimbic prefrontal cortex. Blue indicates DAPI, a nuclear marker, and green indicates GFP.

Epigenetic mechanisms regulating memory

The extinction of conditioned fear, the laboratory is elucidating how the genome plasticity in the journal Frontiers in Genetics, reduction in responding to a feared cue when is connected to the environment, and how as well as a major discovery on the role of the cue is repeatedly presented without any this relationship shapes behaviour across the epigenetic mechanisms in fear extinction. adverse consequence, is an important model lifespan. The group is particularly interested This work, which appeared in The Journal of for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Like in how epigenetic mechanisms, including Neuroscience, demonstrated that the histone other forms of learning, long-lasting memory DNA methylation, histone modifications and acetyltransferase p300/CBP-associated factor for fear extinction depends on coordinated the activity of non-coding RNAs regulate the regulates fear extinction through direct effects gene expression and the synthesis of new formation and maintenance of memory. on a regulatory transcription factor called ATF4. synaptic proteins. This process involves a These findings have significant implications 2012 was once again a productive year for the tightly controlled interplay between transcrip- for the development of novel therapeutic laboratory, which published an important tional machinery and enzymes that regulate approaches for the treatment of fear-related review article on non-coding RNAs and neural chromatin structure. Research in the Bredy anxiety disorders.

Word cloud describing the group's recent research focus in epigenetics.

RESEARCH 23 Laboratory Head Dr Thomas Burne

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Thomas Burne, Suzanne Alexander, Carlos Coelho, Claire Foldi, Pauline Ko, Natalie Groves, Lauren Harms, Lachlan Harris, Emilia Lefevre, Karly Turner. Not pictured: Michelle Sanchez Vega. Background: The effect of adult vitamin D deficiency on GABAergic interneurons in the prefrontal cortex of mice.

Using animal models to study brain development and behaviour Research in the Burne laboratory is focussed on ‘sunshine hormone’) is associated with alterations that are affected in a number of neuropsychiatric investigating the underlying biological basis for in behaviour, brain neurochemistry and receptor conditions, including autism, schizophrenia and schizophrenia, with the goal of finding public profile associated with vitamin D deficiency in depression. health interventions that will alleviate the burden animal models. Ongoing National Health and Exposure to environmental insults during of this disease. The group has been exploring the Medical Research Council funding allowed the pregnancy can harm a developing foetus and impact of developmental vitamin D deficiency on group to dissect the exact neural pathways have life-long effects on health and well-being. brain development, the impact of adult vitamin involved in cognitive impairments of attentional The group has begun to use an animal model D deficiency on brain function and behaviour processing in developmentally vitamin D of foetal alcohol syndrome to explore the and, more recently, the neurobiological effects of deficient rats to model the cognitive symptoms hypothesis that alcohol exposure in utero low dose alcohol exposure during gestation on of schizophrenia. The group has now shown compromises epigenetic silencing leading to cognitive behaviour. that low vitamin D levels during adulthood has genetic and transcriptional variation in the brain In 2012, the Burne group in collaboration with an impact on behaviour and brain neurochem- and ultimately altered behaviour in adulthood. Associate Professor Darryl Eyles and Professor istry in rodents. These results provide the first This work is an ongoing collaboration with Dr John McGrath, built on its previous research evidence in mice to show that adult vitamin D Suyinn Chong at the Mater Medical Research showing that low prenatal vitamin D (the deficiency impacts on neurotransmitter systems Institute. Lauren Harms preparing prefrontal cortex samples for analysis.

24 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Dr Thomas Burne holds a conjoint appointment with Queensland Health. Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Laboratory Head Dr Allen Cheung

0-16min 16-32min 32-48min

Rat place field

2012 Laboratory Members: Allen Cheung. Not pictured: Zóltan Kósci (based at Australian National University). Background: Modelling the rodent navigation system in the absence of vision. A rat’s hippocampal place cells fire stably in darkness yet its head direction system drifts in the first two minutes.

Understanding the brain computations needed for spatial navigation The core research of Dr Cheung’s laboratory is location and current location. This form of In a recent collaboration with Professor Pankaj aimed at understanding the fundamental brain navigation is prone to noise, which leads to errors Sah’s laboratory, in vivo recordings were computations required for spatial navigation. in navigation. performed in the brains of freely moving rats. Spatial navigation is one of the oldest and A digital wireless system was used to record A number of laboratories have shown that rats most widespread brain functions in the animal the spikes from individual neurons in the rat’s have neurons (place cells and grid cells) that ‘know’ kingdom. The cells, circuits and computations hippocampus, while the animal foraged in a required for animals to search for resources, where they are in total darkness. These contrast large outdoor arena. Recently, place fields have return home, and go back to those resources with the rapid build up of ‘drift’ errors reported in been identified using this system. Exciting op- later, are subjects of intense research worldwide. the head direction cells under similar conditions. portunities and challenges lie ahead to develop Dr Cheung recently resolved this conflict by the Path integration is one strategy used by the experimental and theoretical tools to study theoretical demonstration that it is necessary to vertebrates and invertebrates alike, and may well the rodent brain in larger, more naturalistic combine arena boundary information with path be the common ‘scaffold’ required for spatial environments. Grid field autocorrelogram predictions navigation. It is the process whereby estimated integration. Implications for the neural networks based on a cognitive map model, showing self-motion is integrated over time to yield involved in such computations are now being Research from the Cheung laboratory was partial grid deformations reminiscent of an approximate vector between the starting investigated through theoretical modelling and published in PLoS Computational Biology and partial grid field rescaling found in rats when vision is used. computer simulations. PLoS ONE in 2012.

RESEARCH 25 Laboratory Head Associate Professor Charles Claudianos

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Charles Claudianos, Joon-Yong An, Stephanie Biergans, Ming-Yu Chen, Alexandre Cristino, Nivetha Gunasekaran, Shao-Chang Huang, Aoife Larkin. Not pictured: Flavia Freitas. Background: Shown is immunostaining of neuroligin 2 (red) and overlapping RNA expression of embedded miR-932, associated with learning and memory integration regions (mushroom bodies) of the bee brain. DNA staining of cell bodies is shown in blue.

Synapse development and cognitive disorder The major aim of the Claudianos laboratory is to fundamental biological relevance to healthy candidate ASD, schizophrenia, attention deficit characterise key molecular processes involved brain function. The Claudianos group, in collabo- hyperactivity disorder and X-linked intellectual in synapse development that provide detailed ration with QBI colleagues, has demonstrated disability genes are involved. This systems insight into the aetiology and diagnosis of that the small animal brain can be a useful tool approach has helped us abstract a molecular basis cognitive disorder. Many data now show that a for researching the biological basis of genes that for human mental health disorders and provides loss of synapses or aberrant synaptic connection contribute to neurodevelopmental and neu- a ‘genetic hypothesis’ to assess genetic screening between neurons will affect brain function. ropsychiatric disorders. This work was recently data from affected individuals. Molecules involved in synapse development published in the journal Molecular Psychiatry. During 2012 the Claudianos laboratory, together such as neurexin and neuroligin now head a Small animal model validation of candidate with collaborators from the University of Western list of causative molecular associations in the disorder genes is then incorporated into an Shown is a hypothetical network of 4000 Australia and the Telethon Institute, completed pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders analysis of the human genome. We use systems genes associated with mental health the first whole genome sequence (exome) disorders. Degree of connection between (ASDs). biology and complex network approaches to analysis of Australian autism families. candidate disorder genes: ASD (blue), identify interactions and regulation of candidate Using tractable insect genetic and behavioural X-linked intellectual disability (red), atten- disorder genes to help define key processes models, the fly and the honeybee, the laboratory tion deficit hyperactivity disorder (yellow), and pathways in which these and other examines the role of these molecules and their schizophrenia (green), including comorbid genes (magenta) and indicated by coloured circles.

26 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Laboratory Head Dr Robert Colvin

2012 Laboratory Member: Robert Colvin. Background: Our understanding of the interplay between attention and memory processes will help us design interactive educational tools.

Uniting brain biology and learning behaviour A major challenge facing research into learning of chemical properties of neurons alongside practice of multiple topics in the same block, in real environments is the unification of what more familiar “real-world” behaviour. This rather than each being studied in isolation. we know about the biology of the brain with the framework is built on formal foundations from The goal is to understand how this somewhat behaviour exhibited while learning. Cognitive mathematical logic, allowing simulations and unintuitive result at the behavioural level is behaviour can be understood at three key levels: proofs of the relationships between the different manifested in and supported by our neural the outcomes of specific behaviour in the real levels. The framework is now being applied mechanisms of attention and memory. world; the general cognitive processes used, to understanding the learning of temporal such as working memory, attention, and pattern associations, as a precursor to more complex In a related project conducted in collabora- recognition; and the real-time interaction of reasoning tasks. tion with the Cunnington and van Swinderen billions of neurons within the brain. Tradition- groups, visual attention was found to decrease The Colvin laboratory, in collaboration with ally the three levels are approached separately, as proficiency was gained in a simple computer- the Mattingley group, established improved leading to a limitation on the explanatory power based task. This provides an insight into how our learning outcomes for a difficult logical task of the results. brain processes visual information and practice under interleaved practice, a result that has and converts it into performance improvements. Measuring changes in brain In 2012, a common modelling framework was until now been shown only for relatively simple activity during learning with developed that allows seamless description memory tasks. Interleaved practice involves the electroencephalography.

RESEARCH 27 Laboratory Head Associate Professor Helen Cooper

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Helen Cooper, Min Chen, Charlotte Clark, Jayani Hewage, Casey Holding, Conor O’Leary, Murugesh Sheekar, Amanda White. Not pictured: Cathrin Nourse. Background: The birth of new neurons: newborn neurons begin to extend their axons and dendrites.

Dissecting the molecular mechanisms regulating the birth of new neurons The complex architecture of the adult brain is study they have identified the Wnt receptor, Ryk, laboratory has also identified neogenin as a key achieved through the tight coordination of neural as a key control point in the decision of newborn regulator of adult neurogenesis by showing that stem cell activity and neuronal production and cortical neurons to adopt the correct identity – it synchronises stem cell self-renewal and differ- integration into the expanding neural networks an essential requirement for the development of entiation into new neurons. of the developing nervous system. The goal of a fully integrated and functioning neocortex. The the Cooper laboratory is to understand how group is now mapping the molecular signalling Another project in the laboratory is aimed at the local environment of the stem cells and pathways controlled by these receptors in the developing a novel class of nanoparticles as an newborn neurons influences neurogenesis. developing brain. This research is expected to effective drug delivery system for the treatment The group has now identified two cell surface provide invaluable insights into the mechanisms of neurodegenerative disease. In collaboration receptors that control the birth of new neurons underpinning the aetiology of devastating with Professor Perry Bartlett (QBI), Professor cortical malformations. in the embryonic cortex. They have discovered Max Lu and Dr Zhi Ping Xu of the Australian that mutations in neogenin severely disrupt the In the adult brain the functional integration of Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnol- structure of the stem cell niche, resulting in the newborn neurons into the established circuitry ogy, they have demonstrated that these nano- formation of cortical malformations similar to of the olfactory bulb is essential to the animal's particles can efficiently deliver drugs to neurons Neurons are functionally integrated into those seen in human syndromes. In a second response to environmental stimuli. The Cooper within the adult mouse brain. the established circuitry of the olfactory bulb of the adult mouse.

28 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Associate Professor Helen Cooper is a QLD Smart Futures Fellow. Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Laboratory Head Associate Professor Elizabeth Coulson

Trial 1

Trial 2

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Elizabeth Coulson, Fabienne Alfonsi, Earlene Ashton, Zoran Boskovic, Sophie Hill, Dusan Matusica, Linda May, Nick Palstra, Aanchal Sharma, Sune Skeldal, Toni Turnbull. Not pictured: Georg Kerbler, Mirela Wagner. Background: Candidate treatment for neurodegeneration causes growth of axons from a cluster of neurons grown in tissue culture. The -III tubulin neuronal filament is stained green to show the axons. Image Dusan Matusica.

β Promoting neuronal survival to treat dementia and neurodegeneration

The Coulson group aims to understand the ratory has delineated a key molecular pathway processes of the p75 neurotrophin receptor- factors which promote the survival of nerve by which this neuronal degeneration occurs. It mediated pathways, they also discovered a cells throughout the life of the organism. By has demonstrated that this pathway is normally molecule that can enhance the survival actions understanding the molecular and environmen- regulated by neurotrophic factors, the produc- of neurotrophic factors, mimicking a normal Trial 3 tal factors that control neuronal survival, the tion of which declines in humans as they age. function of p75 neurotrophin receptor. group's goal is to develop molecules that can In one series of experiments, members of the Their molecule can trick the old neurons into Memory updating in progress. With mice mimic naturally occurring mechanisms to treat Coulson laboratory have identified biochemi- having previously learned the location of acting as through they are exposed to the same neurodegenerative diseases. cal features that regulate the normal balance of the hidden escape platform (pink) within amount of growth factors as young neurons, a pool of opaque water, the mouse must The main feature of Alzheimer's disease, the most survival and cell death signalling initiated by the thereby keeping them alive and enabling them now learn a new platform location (yellow). common form of ageing dementia, is cognitive p75 neurotrophin receptor. They found that two to grow their neuronal connections. The Coulson different co-receptors can influence the actions The swim path of the mouse is shown in decline. The impaired memory and navigation laboratory are currently using this molecule in red over 3 trials and improves each time. of p75 neurotrophin receptor by changing how that is often seen in people with Alzheimer’s animal models of neurodegeneration to test Memory updating is impaired in a mouse the receptor is processed by cellular enzymes. model of Alzheimer’s disease, with mice disease is caused by degeneration of neurons in whether it can prevent neuronal degeneration failing to progress from the first behaviour. particular areas of the brain. The Coulson labo- By studying the molecular decision making and thus memory impairment. Image Zoran Boskovic.

RESEARCH 29 Laboratory Head Associate Professor Ross Cunnington

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Ross Cunnington, Jeffery Bednark, Veronika Halász, Emily Hielscher, Kian Ng, Vinh Nguyen, Simmy Poonian, Chase Sherwell. Not pictured: Marta Bortoletto, Yuan Cao, Doug Fraser, Luis Sebastian Contreras Huerta. Background: Examining brain processes for our ability to understand others' actions and gestures.

Brain processes for understanding others’ actions The Cunnington laboratory focusses on the actions automatically, even when our attention mirroring changes with learning and familiarity brain processes involved in perceiving and un- is focussed elsewhere, so that we are very quick with other races. derstanding the actions of others, as well as to understand people’s goals and to detect when The group is also combining electroencephalog- planning and preparing for our own voluntary their actions were unexpected. actions. Whenever we observe another person’s raphy (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance actions, gestures or emotions their states appear By using brain imaging methods to study imaging (fMRI) to model the dynamics of brain to be “mirrored” in our own brain, leading us responses to faces and facial emotions, the function during action and perception. The to understand their actions, intentions and Cunnington group is discovering how mirroring group is examining the dynamic interactions emotions through a process of simulation or processes lead us to empathise with others and between brain areas that are important for the mirroring. share a little of their emotion. Controversially, this perception of faces, actions and gestures. It is also Research from the Cunnington laboratory has neural empathy appears to be stronger when we using machine-learning computational methods revealed how specialised regions of the brain see people of our own race express emotion than to decode brain activity to predict decisions for Action planning and anticipation: with are important for decoding the intentions or when seeing people of a different race express actions, and using high-resolution imaging to functional MRI brain imaging the group goals of people’s actions. These regions appear the same emotion. The Cunnington group is examine the circuits of the brain that are crucial finds how motor areas of the brain are to process and detect changes in people’s examining how this bias in neural empathy or for the co-ordination of voluntary actions. important for general anticipation of upcoming events.

30 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Associate Professor Ross Cunnington holds a joint appointment with the School of Psychology. Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Laboratory Head Associate Professor Darryl Eyles

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Darryl Eyles, Suzanne Alexander, Xiaoying Cui, Pauline Ko, David Kvaskoff, Emilia Lefevre, Pei-Yun Ashley Liu, Henry Simila. Not pictured: Kerry Gilespie, Peter Josh, Aung Aung Kywe Moe. Background: Associate Professor Darryl Eyles (left) and research technician Mr Cameron Anderson viewing a dried blood spot, which is used in assays linking DVD-deficiency with MS/schizophrenia/autism.

Vitamin D and brain development The Eyles laboratory focusses on how known brain and how DVD-deficiency may affect brain control vitamin D exerts over dopamine produc- risk-factors for schizophrenia, including devel- function and behaviour in adult offspring. tion via the VDR. opmental vitamin D (DVD) deficiency, change the way the brain develops. The Eyles group In 2005 the group established the distribution of The group has fast-tracked some of their dis- has developed an extremely sensitive LC/MS/MS the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the human brain, coveries in rodent models into other model assay for vitamin D species in blood spot cards. and have more recently mapped the ontogeny systems, including the fruit fly and zebrafish, This assay allowed the landmark study in 2010 of this receptor in the brains of experimental and has established models of restricted early implicating maternal levels of vitamin D as a risk animals. They show the rich distribution of this transient impairments in dopaminergic develop- Above: Brightfield microscopy image of receptor in dopamine neurons in both experiment, which may be of aetiological relevance to the human substantia nigra showing dark factor for schizophrenia to be conducted. This mental animals and humans (image left). what happens in the developing human brain in neuromelanin pigmented dopaminergic finding has recently been replicated in a larger population. This assay is also now being used schizophrenia. Collectively, their work represents neurons. Schizophrenia is also closely associated with to investigate whether low vitamin D at birth a synthesis of the two major theories of schizo- abnormalities in dopamine transmission. The Below: The inset is a higher magnification also predicts later onset of autism and multiple phrenia – “dopamine hypothesis” and “neurode- image of a neuron, fluorescently dual Eyles group’s work in DVD-deficient animals sclerosis. velopmental hypothesis“ into the “dopamine labelled for the rate-limiting enzyme re- confirms there are early abnormalities in ontogeny hypothesis of schizophrenia”. sponsible for dopamine synthesis, tyrosine Over the past 13 years the Eyles group have been dopamine development and turnover, and their hydroxylase (red), and the nuclear vitamin exploring the role of vitamin D in the developing work in human cell systems describes the direct D receptor (green).

Associate Professor Darryl Eyles holds a conjoint appointment with Queensland Health. RESEARCH 31 Neuron Impaired Role of Calcium and cAMP in Axon Guidance homeostasis Laboratory Head Professor Geoffrey Goodhill

A calcium versus CaMKII:CaN curve to lower levelsSAD of calcium 3 (Figure 3, pink curves). Increasing levels of cAMP in the 10 kPKA = 10 model therefore converts repulsion to attraction at low levels of kPKA = 100 H* calcium for a normally attractive guidance cue (Figure 3A, 2 point L ). increased prod., 10 kPKA = 1000 M 0 Decreasing cAMP activity by applying a cAMP competitor or L’ Aß decreased clear. F-Actin a speciﬁc PKA inhibitor can switch the response to a normally DRP1 1 10 attractive guidance cue from attraction to repulsion (Ming et al., 1997). In the model, decreasing the levels of cAMP by reducing k shifts the CaMKII:CaN versus calcium ratio curve 0 PKA 10 H to higher levels of calcium (Figure 3, blue curves). Thus, for M’ H’ a normally attractive guidance cue, reducing levels of cAMP Elongation L M* 1 L* shifts attraction to repulsion at normal levels of calcium (Fig- Ratio of CaMKII:CaN ratios

between two compartments 10 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 ure 3A, point M*). However, the model predicts that in a high Calcium concentration (µM) calcium environment, the decreased cAMP levels will result in phosphatases kinases B attraction (Figure 3A, point H*). 3 10 In the case of a repulsive guidance cue, increasing cAMP kPKA = 10 activity can switch the response to attraction (Song et al., kPKA = 100 ABAD MH 1998). In the model, a repulsive guidance cue gradient results 2 kPKA = 800 10 M’ in a small increase in calcium in the up-gradient compartment, C IV Fission ROS leading to repulsion (Figure 3B, point M). A moderate increase

1 in cAMP shifts the curve to a lower concentration of calcium 10 and converts the repulsive response to attraction (Figure 3B, Tau P-Tau C I Detox enz point M ). binding to lipids, H* 0 0 H Overall, Figure 3 shows that, in the model, a delicate balance 10 NMDAR L’ M between levels of calcium and cAMP determines whether attrac- MH’ H’ ATP 2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Geoffrey Goodhill,L ilach Avitan, Maria Caldeira, Kelsey Chalmers, Richard Faville, Clare Giacomantonio, Nicholas LHughes,M* Jonathan Hunt, Elizabeth tion or repulsion occurs. In particular, the normally attraction- 1

Kita, Huyen Nguyen, Zac Pujic, Biao Sun, Daniel Sutherland. Not pictured: Clement Bonini, Elizabeth Forbes. Background:Ratio of CaMKII:CaN ratios The response of axons to gradients predicted by a math-

between two compartments 10 promoting effects of increasing calcium or cAMP are both 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 ematical model. magnitude dependent and not always additive: increasing both somatic Calcium concentration (µM) simultaneously can block the attractive effect each would produce individually. Thus, high calcium or cAMP levels do not localisation: Mathematical models to understand brain wiringFigure 3. The Effect of cAMP on Growth Cone Turning Response always promote attraction, and low calcium or cAMP levels do JIPI The ratio of CaMKII:CaN ratios between two compartments plotted against not always promote repulsion. These experimental predictions axonal Viscious For the brain to function properly, its neurons a theoretical model to understandcalcium quantita as in-Figuresin order 2C and 2D.to develop Hollow points a more show conditions quantitative already under tested- are tested below, but ﬁrst we address their robustness to must be connected correctly. Research in the tively how levels of calcium and cAMPby in others; axons solid pointsstanding show of predictions the role of growth the model. cone shape plays in some of the assumptions underlying the model. transport cycle Goodhill laboratory uses a unique combination determine whether they are attracted or(A) repelled Effect of cAMP effective on an attractive axon guidance guidance. cue. For normal PKA levels (black) and thus normal cAMP levels, at a normal calcium level (point M) a 30% SFPQ of experiments and theoretical modelling to by guidance cues. The model made surprising Parameter Sensitivity increase in calciumThe in group one compartment is also using results influorescent attraction. However, labelling at develop a computational understanding of predictions that the group confirmed aexperimen lower resting- level of calcium (point L, ‘‘low’’) the result is repulsion, and at Many of the parameter values on which the model depends are Cox techniques to visualise the simultaneous activity how the nervous system becomes wired up tally. This may help to explain the behavioura higher resting of level of calcium the result is also repulsion (point H, ‘‘high’’). For taken from direct experimentalamplication measurements by others (Table high PKA levels (pink)of many and thus neurons high cAMP in levels, the the developing peak is shifted zebrafish to a lower S1). These include the parameters controlling calcium-calmod- during development. The laboratory’s guiding developing and regenerating axons in vivolevel. of calcium so that at resting levels of calcium, attraction is switched to MT detachment brain in response to simple visual stimuli. Using ulin dynamics, calmodulin-dependent CaMKII dynamics, thedendritic philosophy is that building mathematical models repulsion (point M0). At low levels of calcium, repulsion is switched to attraction The laboratory has also investigated the shape mathematical techniques from statistics and association of I1 with PP1, and the shape of the CaN curve. Other allows a much more precise understanding of the (point L0), and at high levels of calcium repulsion still occurs (point H0). Thus, at of growth cones, the structures at the tip of information theory it is then possible to predict parameters that are more ﬂexible include the rate of CaMKIIlocalisation underlying phenomena than relying on purely low calcium levels, increasing the activity of cAMP in the model can cause developing axons. This morphology isa switchcomplex from attractionhow the to repulsion.zebrafish For could low PKA optimally levels (blue) decode and thus these low phosphorylation and thus the position of the curves relative to qualitative reasoning. and highly dynamic but the significancecAMP of levels,these at normalpatterns levels of of activity calcium, in attraction order isto switched determine to repulsion what calcium concentration, the total calmodulin concentration and 2+ (point M*). At high levels of calcium, repulsion is switched to attraction (point therefore the value of calcium where the interesting behavior Ca in ux One area of focus for the group is how nerve fibres changes for either the sensory or motorH*), roles and at of low levelsvisual of calciumstimulus repulsion was staysactually the same present. (pointL*). A better Fyn occurs, and the parameters controlling the shape and position Mitochondria are (axons) are guided by molecular gradients to find growth cones is mostly unknown. Sophisticated(B) Effect of cAMPunderstanding on a repulsive guidanceof neural cue. decoding As seen inisFigure important 2D, for of the PKA curve. However, altering these latter parameters appropriate targets in the developing nervous mathematical techniques for characterisingnormal PKA levelsfor (black) optimising and thus normalthe design cAMP levels,of brain-computer at normal resting does not affect the basic shape of the curves plotted in Figures system. The laboratory recently developed shape in general are currently beingcalcium adapted level (pointinterfaces. M) a 10% increase in calcium in one compartment results in repulsion, and at a lower resting level of calcium (point L) the result is still 2 and 3 or theirActivity positions in the relative zebrafish to eachbrain otherin response on the calcium a key target of Aß repulsion. However, at a moderately high resting level of calcium the result is axis. An exampleto of visual this stimuli is shown at different in Figure positions. S2, where theexcitotoxicity now attraction (point MH), but at a high resting level of calcium the result is 32 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Professor Geoffrey againGoodhill repulsion holds a (pointjoint appointment H). For high PKAwith levelsthe School (pink) andof Mathematics thus high cAMP and levels,Physics. and tau toxicity the peak is shifted to a lower level of calcium, so that repulsion is switched to For low PKA levels (blue) and thus low cAMP levels, at normal levels of calcium

attraction at normal levels of calcium (point M0), repulsion still occurs at low repulsion still occurs (point M*), at moderately high levels of calcium attraction levels of calcium (point L0), attraction is switched to repulsion at moderately is switched to repulsion (point MH*, covered by point MH0), at high levels of high levels of calcium (point MH0), and at high levels of calcium repulsion still calcium repulsion is switched to attraction (point H*), and at low levels of occurs (point H0). Thus, at moderately high calcium levels, increasing the calcium repulsion stays the same (L*). activity of cAMP in the model can cause a switch from attraction to repulsion. See also Figures S2 and S3.

494 Neuron 74, 490–503, May 10, 2012 ª2012 Elsevier Inc. Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012 Impaired homeostasis Laboratory Head Professor Jürgen Götz SAD

increased prod., Aß decreased clear. F-Actin DRP1

Elongation

phosphatases kinases ABAD C IV Fission ROS binding to lipids, Tau P-Tau C I Detox enz NMDAR ATP 2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Jürgen Götz, Sian Baker, Xia Di, J Bertran-Gonzalez, Harrison Evans, Hon Mun Lee, Gerhard Leinenga, Miriam Matamales, Tishila Palliyaguru, Linda Wernbacher. Not pictured: Julia Gutmann. Background: Neurofibrillary tangles in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. somatic localisation: Understanding the mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders JIPI axonal Viscious At present there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease (4) developing biomarkers and therapies for to determine the role of TAU at the synapse and transportand other forms of dementia. This poses an un- treatment. cycle in memory functions. Again in C. elegans, they precedented social and economic challenge to demonstrated that the C. elegans homologue of SFPQ In a collaborative effort with Professor MelF eany Australia, a country with the second highest life TAU, PTL-1, is important for the maintenance of Cox from Harvard University, in 2012 the group expectancy worldwide. neuronal morphology in ageing. amplication discovered that TAU causes an elongation of MT detachmentIn the Götz laboratory, which forms part of the the mitochondria, the powerhouses of the In a study published in PLoS ONE and selected for Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, there are dendritic cell, resulting in neuronal death. This work was Faculty of 1000 Biology, the group demonstrated four major streams of research: (1) understand- localisation published in Neuron and was further highlighted mislocalisation of a nuclear factor, SFPQ, in ing the pathogenic mechanisms of key players by Cell. in dementia, such as the microtubule-associat- relation to TAU pathology, a finding they validated Ca2+ in ux ed protein TAU; (2) understanding the normal, During the year, Professor Götz and his team also in brain tissue from patients with Alzheimer's Fyn physiological roles of proteins implicated in successfully established a novel click chemistry disease. This suggests that one effect of AT U disease, such as TAU; (3) developing novel tools method in C. elegansMitochondria that allows for the visu- aggregation are and mislocalisation in neurodegen- or methods to visualise de novo protein synthesis alisation and identification of newly synthesised erative disorders may be related to mislocalisa- or to get drugs past the blood-brain barrier; and proteins. The groupa planskey to use targetthe new method oftion ofA nuclearß factors. excitotoxicity Pathomechanisms in Alzheimer's disease.

and tau toxicity RESEARCH 33 Laboratory Head Dr Massimo Hilliard

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Massimo Hilliard, Justin Chaplin, Sean Coakley, Rosina Giordano, Rhianna Knable, Casey Linton, Ellen Meelkop, Brent Neumann, Annika Nichols, Nicholas Valmas. Not pictured: Paula Mugno, Cara Nolan, Phoebe Watt. Background: A colour-rendered fluorescence image of a Caenorhabditis elegans carrying a dominant mutation in the gene encoding for MEC-7/ -Tubulin.

β Axonal development, maintenance and regeneration: molecules & mechanism Determining how individual neurons develop is not well understood. Using C. elegans mecha- which the axons of C. elegans mechanosensory crucial for understanding how highly complex nosensory neurons as a model system, the neurons spontaneously degenerate. Molecular neuronal structures, such as the brain and Hilliard group has discovered MEC-7/ -Tubulin, identification of one of these genes has revealed spinal cord, are formed. The Hilliard laboratory a component of the microtubules, to have a a high level of conservation across animal phyla, β is interested in understanding how axons (nerve critical role in this process. In contrast to the idea including humans. fibres conducting impulses from the neuron) and that microtubules are simple building blocks or dendrites (nerve processes conducting impulses cargo-tracks of the cytoskeleton, these results Using a laser-based technology to axotomise to the neuron) develop and how they are guided in vivo are consistent with emerging evidence single neurons in living C. elegans animals, to their targets. The group also investigates how in vitro that microtubules can provide critical the team has also characterised neuronal axonal structure is maintained over time and signals for axon formation. regeneration in different classes of sensory A colour-rendered fluorescence image of how it can be reconstituted after injury. The axon is the neuron’s longest process, but neurons. They have shown that axonal C. elegans GABAergic motor neurons form- Neurons are highly polarised cells with neurites, the mechanisms that allow it to maintain its regeneration can occur by a mechanism of ing a ladder-like shape in the animal’s body axonal fusion, whereby the two separated (head of the animal is on the lower left). In dendrites and axons, forming distinct morpho- structural integrity and its regeneration capacity this mutant animal the axon, highlighted logical and functional domains. How a neuron following injury are still poorly understood. The axonal fragments can specifically re-attach and in red, is shorter, is detached from the decides exactly how many neurites to extend is Hilliard group have identified mutant animals in restore the original axonal tract. dorsal cord, and is degenerating. Image Nick Valmas.

34 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Laboratory Head Professor Tianzi Jiang

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Tianzi Jiang, Yonghui Li, Cirong Liu, Tong Wu, Xianfeng Yang. Background: A diffusion MRI (dMRI) image of a mouse brain.

Mapping human and animal brain networks with neuroimaging Convergent evidence has shown that brain The first involved the human brainnetome. The second research stream involved the mouse functions can manifest on brain networks on The stream aimed to solve a key problem in brainnetome, focussing on the Disrupted-In- different scales, and that the brain malfunctions the voxelwise functional brain network. The Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) gene. Using four different associated with most psychiatric disorders are the team quantitatively evaluated how the size of strains of DISC1 mice, the Jiang laboratory have result of faulty brain networks. The “Brainnetome” functional regions distorts the degree of centrality shown that white matter fibres across the whole in the voxelwise brain network and proposed an (www.brainnetome.org) is an emerging avenue brain can be reconstructed using a probabilistic effective strategy to correct this distortion, which to integrate the multi-level network features tractography method based on diffusion MRI data can restore the true brain network architecture. In obtained with various functional and anatomical acquired from a high field small animal magnetic brain imaging technologies on different scales. another study the group developed an automated subcortical segmentation pipeline and a brain resonance imaging system. In particular, fine fibre The Jiang laboratory is studying basic theory, shape analysis method by diffeomorphic metric architecture between the cortex and subcortical methodologies and algorithms underpinning mapping using stationary velocity. The proposed regions can be easily identified, which means The brain hubs are affected by functional the brainnetome platform, and their applications method can be used to analyse shape variability the group can now map and characterise the region sizes in the voxel-wise functional structural connectivity/network of the mouse brain network. The group proposed an in neurological and psychiatric diseases. In 2012, of populations with brain diseases and different effective strategy to restore the brain their research followed two streams. genotypes, for example. brain at high resolution. architecture.

Professor Tianzi Jiang holds a joint appointment with the Centre for Advanced Imaging. RESEARCH 35 Laboratory Head Professor Joe Lynch

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Joe Lynch, Anna Bode, Christine Dixon, Justine Haddrill, Angelo Keramidas, Han Lu, Ming Shiuan Soh, Sahil Talwar. Not pictured: Suzanne Scott, Azra Zamri, Yan Zhang, Qian Wang. Background: A molecular model of a glycine receptor pore showing a new drug (pink) isolated from a marine sponge binding potently to its site.

Targeting inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in neurological disorders

The Lynch laboratory’s major research interest these receptors, which could lead not only to serve as an excellent lead compound to develop concerns the molecular structure and function improved therapies but also to better tools for new therapies for chronic pain. of the glycine and GABA receptor chloride basic research. A Hyperekplexia (or startle disease) is a rare channels that mediate inhibitory neurotrans- For several years the laboratory has been human neurological disorder that produces an mission in the brain. The GABA receptor is an A attempting to develop novel analgesics for exaggerated startle in response to unexpected important therapeutic target for sedative and chronic inflammatory pain that work by auditory or tactile stimuli. In collaboration with anxiolytic drugs and the glycine receptor has targeting spinal cord glycine receptors. In col- geneticists at the University of Swansea, the recently emerged as a therapeutic target for laboration with Professor Rob Capon’s group at laboratory has recently shown that the glycine pain, spasticity, epilepsy and tinnitus. The Lynch the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, they have receptor beta subunit is an important new group is attempting to identify the locations recently discovered a new drug that binds to protein targeted by hereditary startle disease of drug binding sites on these receptors. They glycine receptors with an extremely high affinity mutations. are also discovering new drugs active at and produces potent analgesia in rats. This will

Atomic force microscopy images of antibodies attached to glycine receptors.

36 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Laboratory Head Professor Justin Marshall

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Justin Marshall, Wen-Sung Chung, Angela Dean, Alan Goldizen, Martin How, Diana Kleine, Yi-Hsin Lee, Genevieve Phillips, Rachel Templin, Hanne Thoen. Not pictured: Fabio Cortesi, Fanny deBusserolles, Adrian Flynn, Simon Gingins, Amy Newman, Qamar Schuyler. Background: The frogfish uses colour for camouflage and confusion. This project interprets the way visual systems are fooled by camouflage.

Components of a visual system: through the eyes of marine organisms

The comparative study of brains and sensory squid Archeteuthis dux for the first time in its performance and ecological relevance of animal systems in the outside world is the central drive natural habitat, determined colour commu- vision. for the Marshall Visual Ecology laboratory. The nication mechanisms to reveal how the coral Through working on the Great Barrier Reef the laboratory’s model systems examine vision in trout got its spots, used real-time underwater looming environmental issues of this habitat marine animals such as mantis shrimp, squid, polarisation cameras on the Great Barrier Reef sparked the environmental education program fish and turtles. Revealing how these animals and recorded from neurons in visual pathways CoralWatch. This initiative is in its 10th year and use colour and polarisation for survival in the new to science. now communicates science to 25,000 people in real world has led to discoveries that guide core The Marshall laboratory’s approach is to study over 80 countries. 2012 saw the publication of principles in neuroscience and spill over into all the components of a visual system; the the second edition of Coral Reefs and Climate machine vision applications. retinal anatomy and optics of the eye, the Change; the guide for education and awareness. In 2012 the laboratory discovered a new form of neural connections and physiological function Above: The eyes of a mantis shrimp and colour vision in the animal kingdom, described of receptors and interneurons and then piece the internal neural structure of the brain, a unique range-finding system in cephalopod these components together to guide the design optic lobes and eyes as revealed through eyes, gathered behavioural data on the giant of behavioural experiments that interrogate the fluorescent labelling. Below: The mantis shrimp.

RESEARCH 37 Laboratory Head Professor Jason Mattingley

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Jason Mattingley, Oliver Baumann, Luca Cocchi, Eve Dupierrix, Hannah Filmer, Oscar Jacoby, Marc Kamke, Inga Laube, David Lloyd, Natasha Matthews, Pascal Molenberghs, Claire Naughtin, David Painter, Amanda Robinson, Martin Sale, Susan Travis, Lisa Wittenhagen. Not pictured: Daina Dickins, Michael Dwyer, Will Harrison. Background: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans reveal distinct patterns of brain activity during a complex reasoning task.

Understanding how the brain sees, thinks and acts In 2012, researchers from the Mattingley group disorders cause problems with visual perception. performing simple reasoning tasks. made several important discoveries. Dr Luca Cocchi investigated how neural Neural plasticity is crucial for learning and Mr Will Harrison showed that the brain networks coordinate their activity during memory. Drs Marc Kamke and Martin Sale used anticipates each eye movement (“saccade”) complex, cognitive reasoning tasks. Participants transcranial magnetic stimulation to induce a fraction of a second before it occurs. He were given a verbal rule and asked to indicate plasticity in an area of the brain responsible discovered that a perceptual phenomenon whether simple statements could break the rule. for controlling muscles in the hand. While known as “visual crowding” is reduced for Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, undergoing the procedure, participants objects in peripheral vision that are the target Dr Cocchi showed that as the number of engaged in visual attention tasks or watched of an impending saccade. He also showed variables to be considered increased so too did short movies of hand actions being performed that pre-saccadic updating of visual scenes the patterns of information exchange between by an actor. The researchers found that the preserves the elementary features of objects at distinct brain networks. His findings suggest that amount of plasticity in the motor cortex was their predicted post-saccadic locations. These errors in human reasoning relate to fundamental strongly influenced by these cognitive processes. discoveries shed new light on how the human limits in the brain’s processing of information. This discovery may assist therapists to maximise Participant prepared for electro- visual system maintains a stable representa- They also provide clues as to why patients with the benefits of physical rehabilitation with stroke encephalography, with electrodes attached tion of the world, and explain why certain brain neurological disorders can experience difficulties patients. to the scalp to measure brain activity during a series of cognitive tests.

38 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Professor Jason Mattingley holds a joint appointment with the School of Psychology. Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Laboratory Head Professor John McGrath

2012 Laboratory Members, top-bottom: John McGrath, Henry Simila. Not pictured: Peter Josh. Background: Henry Simila working in the McGrath laboratory.

Modifiable risk factors for schizophrenia The aim of the McGrath group is to explore To date, the group has clearly shown that mutations in genes linked to autism and schizo- risk factors that are linked to schizophrenia. In low vitamin D during early life alters brain phrenia. In collaboration with researchers in particular, they focus on nongenetic factors that development in rodents, however, they will now Sweden, the group have now shown that the are potentially modifiable. In recent years the explore whether this is also relevant to humans offspring of older fathers, and older grandfathers, QBI-based team has been examining the impact by investigating the association between have an increased risk of autism and schizophre- of low vitamin D (the 'sunshine hormone') vitamin D concentrations at birth and later risk nia. Age of parenthood is increasing in many during early brain development and on adult of schizophrenia. Like folate and spina bifida, if societies and it is feasible that paternal-age brain function. In collaboration with Associate vitamin D is linked to the risk of schizophrenia, related genetic mutations will increase in the Professor Darryl Eyles and Dr Tom Burne, they then it offers the opportunity to use safe and years ahead. have developed animal models that examine readily available supplements to reduce the the impact of low vitamin D during gestation incidence of this disorder. The research team on brain development. In collaboration with at QBI has pioneered this innovative hypothesis researchers in Denmark, the United Kingdom and are the world-leaders in this field. and the Netherlands, the group is exploring the In 2011, using animal models, they demonstrated association between vitamin D levels and later that advanced paternal age was associated with Early life vitamin D influences brain mental illness. development.

Professor John McGrath holds a conjoint appointment with Queensland Health. RESEARCH 39 Laboratory Head Associate Professor Frederic Meunier

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Frederic Meunier, Rachel Gormal, Callista Harper, David Kvaskoff, Regine C Low, Nancy Malintan, Sally Martin, Nika Mohannak, Vinod Narayana, Tam Nguyen, Shona Osborne, Andreas Papodopulos, Vanesa Tomatis, Tong (Iris) Wang. Not pictured: Shi (Priscilla) Goh, Ravikran Kasula. Background: Super-resolved image of VAMP2 labelling in cultured neurons. VAMP2 is a protein located on synaptic vesicles that is necessary for their fusion with the plasma membrane to release neurotransmitter. Image Callista Harper.

Deciphering the mechanism underpinning neuronal communication In 2012, the Meunier laboratory focussed on the next round of fusion. Myosin VI has been display of presynaptic plasticity unravels how the major role played by vesicular trafficking in shown to be important for synaptic plasticity by motor nerve terminals couple exocytosis with health and disease. regulating the formation of neurons synapses endocytosis. In collaboration with the groups of and dendritic spines. By unravelling the precise Professor Phillip Robinson (University of Sydney) The group demonstrated that myosin VI is key molecular mechanisms underlying the functions and Professor Adam McCluskey (University of to capturing secretory vesicles containing neu- of myosin VI in neuroexocytosis, the team hope Newcastle), who provided the team with a highly rotransmitter and hormones on their way to the to be in a better position for the understanding effective dynamin inhibitor, the Meunier group plasma membrane where they undergo fusion. of disorders associated with impaired function has demonstrated that such drugs could be used These results show that myosin VI orchestrates of myosin VI. to prevent activity-dependent bulk endocytosis. the recruitment of secretory vesicles on the cortical actin network abutting the cell surface. In another study, the Meunier laboratory has 3D-reconstruction of secretory granules These findings explain how stimulation not only demonstrated that actin and dynamin cooperate (red) and their tracks (light blue) from a triggers the release of neurotransmitter but to drive bulk endocytosis at the neuromuscular neurosecretory cell expressing myosin VI. also drives a number of intracellular processes junction. This process allows the nerve endings The cell was imaged using total internal culminating in the recruitment of new vesicles to replenish their pools of synaptic vesicles reflection microscopy (TIRFM) and the to the plasma membrane, thereby preparing for containing the neurotransmitter. This novel reconstruction was done using IMARIS software. Image Vanesa Tomatis and Andreas Papadopulos.

40 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Laboratory Head Professor Bryan Mowry

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Bryan Mowry, Cheryl Flippich, Jake Gratten, Vasilis Mantzioris, Andrew Martin, Kalpana Patel, Chikako Ragan, Heather Smith, Xia Yao. Not pictured: Deborah Nertney, Yi Wang. Background: White matter images using diffusion tensor imaging in a patient with schizophrenia.

Genomics of psychiatric disorders The Mowry group aims to identify and healthy individuals; (iii) GWAS in homogeneous Schizophrenia Research Bank data. functionally characterise susceptibility genes Indian and Sarawak populations, and relating Highlights for 2012 include contributions to the for schizophrenia and related disorders. The the results to the latest European studies; (iv) latest Psychiatric Genetics Consortium schizo- group hopes to achieve this by combining transcriptome-wide analysis of small non-coding phrenia GWAS that has identified in excess of 80 genome-wide association studies (GWAS), DNA RNAs in post-mortem brain samples from schiz- genetic susceptibility loci (due to be published sequencing and transcriptome profiling with ophrenia patients and unaffected individuals; (v) in 2013), and publication of a perspective in neuropsychological testing and neuroimaging targeted resequencing of a previously identified Nature Genetics on the interpretation of de in people with schizophrenia. Ongoing studies schizophrenia linkage region on chromosome novo protein-coding mutations in neuropsychi- include (i) the recruitment of a large Indian 1 in an Indian case-control sample, using QBI’s atric disorders. The group published a review in case-control and family cohort in collabora- next-generation sequencing facility; (vi) es- Molecular Psychiatry on the current state-of-play tion with Dr Thara, Schizophrenia Research tablishment of induced pluripotent stem cells in schizophrenia genetics, and is developing a Foundation, Chennai; (ii) neuroimaging and neu- (iPSCs) in a subset of schizophrenia patients neuroimmunology of schizophrenia project. ropsychological phenotyping of schizophrenia and controls to derive neuronal cells for an in patients with major copy number variations, and vitro model of disease; and (vii) involvement in Induced pluripotent stem cell colony comparing patients with a matched sample of sample processing and analyses of the Australian (stained with fluorescent antibody) from a schizophrenia patient.

Professor Bryan Mowry holds a conjoint appointment with Queensland Health. RESEARCH 41 Laboratory Head Mr Geoffrey Osborne

2012 Laboratory Members, top-bottom: Geoffrey Osborne, Anne-Sophie Bedin, Virginia Nink. Background: Hardware modifications to cell sorting flow cytometers allow detection of micro particles shed from cells.

Implementing novel approaches to solve fundamental problems As Director of Flow Cytometry for both QBI and address this problem, working with collabora- The Osborne group was also involved in the the Australian Institute for Bioengineering and tors from the Queensland Institute of Medical development and characterisation of a mi- Nanotechnology, Mr Geoffrey Osborne leads Research and the Royal Brisbane and Women’s tochondrial reporter line, KMEL2, in human a team that provides crucial cell sorting and Hospital, the Osborne group has shown that embryonic stem cells (hESCs). KMEL2 hESCs analysis services to researchers both within QBI surgical wash bottles, used for collection of facilitate the study of mitochondria in a range and across the broader university. The laboratory cancerous material during surgery, are rich of cell types and permit real-time analysis. specialises in the analysis and separation of cells sources of cells for research purposes. These cells represent an ideal model system for derived from a variety of sources such as solid studying neurodegenerative diseases where mi- This year also saw the laboratory involved in a tissue, blood and cultured cell lines. tochondrial functions are affected. publication that characterised the similarities In 2012, investigations continued in the area of present in stem cells from renal, cardiac and Studies into the particle entrainment and characterisation of cells from brain tumours. bone marrow origins. Understanding the cell processing by flow cytometric cell sorters also Cellular subpopulations purified by cell Investigators with an interest in brain tumours surface markers present on stem cells from continued and led to the development of novel sorting (inset) enriched for neural stem cells that divide and give rise to progeny, often suffer shortages of research material, as different lineages has provided insights that are algorithms that implement the selection of cells here immune-stained with a neuronal solid tissue samples are needed by clinicians useful in the identification and enrichment of for separation by the instrument. This approach marker III-tubulin (red) and glial marker for a full and proper diagnosis to be made. To neural stem cells. is now being developed for commercialisation. GFAP (green) and counterstained β with DAPI (blue).

42 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Mr Geoffrey Osborne holds a joint appointment with the Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology. Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Laboratory Head Dr Michael Piper

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Michael Piper, Joshua Eeles, Lachlan Harris, Tracey Harvey, Evelyn Heng, Chantelle Reid, Diana Vidovic. Background: Expression of the transcription factor Pax6 within the postnatal cerebellum reveals the highly convoluted architecture of this brain region. The cerebellum is involved in balance and postural control.

Cell self-renewal and differentiation

The brain is ultimately derived from neural stem ferentiation in order to deepen our understand- named the nuclear factor one (NFI) family play a cells, which differentiate to give rise to both ing of brain development and function, as well as central role in regulating how neural progenitor neurons and glia within the developing and to reveal the underlying deficits in brain cancers cells differentiate within the developing brain. adult brain. Controlling how these neural stem such as glioma. To do this it uses mouse model Furthermore, a study published in The Journal cells either self-renew or differentiate is critical systems and in vitro cell culture paradigms to of Neuroscience gave an insight into how the during development, and changes to the normal investigate the key processes behind the biology NFI family does this, by revealing that NFI tran- trajectory of these processes can lead to severe of neural progenitor cells, and to reveal the scription factors repress the expression of genes functional consequences. Moreover, many of genetic hierarchy that controls neural progenitor central to stem cell self-renewal. the genes that control neural stem cell differen- cell differentiation. Current work in the Piper laboratory is aimed at tiation are misexpressed aberrantly within brain In a paper recently published in The Journal of discovering the role of NFI transcription factors cancers such as glioma. The Piper laboratory Comparative Neurology, the Piper laboratory in the adult brain, and their contribution to the is investigating the molecular mechanisms Dentate granule cells in the hippocampus revealed that a group of transcription factors formation of glioma. (red) play a central role in the function of underlying progenitor cell self-renewal and dif- this brain structure. The hippocampus is central to the processes of learning and memory.

Dr Michael Piper holds a joint appointment with the School of Biomedical Sciences. RESEARCH 43 Laboratory Head Dr Judith Reinhard

10 Females 10 8 μ V) Fp1 Fpz Fp2 6 8 AF7 AF8 AF3 AFz AF4 4 * F2 F8 μ V) F2 F6 F2 Fp1 Fz F2 F4 * 6 FT7 FC6 FT8 2 FC5 FC3 FC1 FCz FC2 FC4

T7 C5 C3 C1 Cz C2 C4 C6 T8 0

CP1 CPz CP2 4 TP7 CP5 CP3 CP4 CP6 TP8 -2

P3 P1 Pz P2 P4 P7 P5 P6 P8 -4 P9 P10 PO3 POz PO4 2 PO7 PO8 N1 amplitude (- Amplitude ( O2 -6

O1 Oz

Irrelevant

Congruent Incongruent Iz -8 0 -10 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Odours Time (ms)

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Judith Reinhard, Stephanie Biergans, Julia Canning-Ure, Ming-Yu Chen, Alexandre Cristino, Shao-chang Huang, Homayoun Kheyri, Aoife Larkin, Amanda Robinson. Background: Schematic arrangement of electrodes measuring brain activity during inhalation of odours matching or not matching images, and results showing that in females matching odours enhance activity of early visual processing.

Uncovering mechanisms of multisensory interactions Researchers in the Reinhard laboratory investigate about the effects it has on sensory perception. enhanced brain activity in visual areas only how the brain processes sensory information and Recent research in the laboratory is aimed at un- milliseconds after presentation. This suggests translates it into behavioural activity, thus linking derstanding the interactions between olfaction that olfaction has a profound influence on visual brain function to behaviour. A particular focus and vision, in particular how the odours that perception and this multisensory integration is the sense of smell and its effect on behaviour surround us affect how we detect and perceive happens very early during sensory processing. and cognitive performance. The laboratory uses objects. The group recently used novel visual This research indicates that olfactory and visual insect model systems in combination with human paradigms to show that visual attention towards brain processes are more closely coupled than research, and integrates behavioural studies with an object is significantly enhanced when smelling previously thought. physiological and molecular approaches. a matching odour at the same time. The objects are detected faster and more robustly. In collabo- Dr Reinhard and her team are now investigat- Sensory information from our environment ration with Professor Jason Mattingley the team ing the neural correlates of olfactory-visual is initially registered within anatomically and then used electroencephalography to measure integration in the brain using functional magnetic Participant prepared for electroencepha- functionally segregated brain networks, but is brain activity in response to photographs of resonance imaging, where people’s brains lography with electrodes attached to the also integrated across modalities in higher cortical familiar objects when matching or non-matching are scanned while smelling odours that are scalp to measure brain activity during inhalation of odours and presentation of areas. Little is known about where, when and how odours were presented simultaneously. They presented at the same time as either matching or visual images. multisensory integration in the brain works and discovered that matching odours significantly non-matching images.

44 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Laboratory Head Professor Linda Richards

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Linda Richards, Gonzalo Almarza, John Baisden, Jens Bunt, Ilse Buttiens, Maria Caldeira, Amelia Douglass, Tess Evans, Laura Fenlon, Ilan Gobius, Jonathan Lim, Samantha Liu, Yolanda Liu, Laura Morcom, Rodrigo Suarez, Dennis Yeow. Not pictured: Tim Edwards, Lu Zhao. Background: Neurons from the mouse hippocampus showing dendrites and axons in red and cell nuclei and synaptic contacts in green.

Functional circuits in the brain Prior to birth, nerve cells form long processes Work with collaborators in the USA and Canada students, Laura Morcom and Jonathan Lim, will called axons that connect to other neurons on human brain development and the function complete projects in 2013. creating functional circuits in the brain. of KCC3, a gene involved in a congenital brain This year Dr Rodrigo Suárez received a fully Researchers in the Richards laboratory are disorder called Andermann syndrome, was funded scholarship to attend a course on studying how the brain forms these connections published in The Journal of Neuroscience. Neural Systems and Behaviour at the Instituto during development. Also in 2012, two students graduated from the de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade de São This year, the laboratory’s work in the area of PhD program, Ilan Gobius and Sharon Mason. Paulo, Marine Biological Laboratory. Gonzalo callosal axon targeting was published in the Both students received excellent reviews of their Almarza received a scholarship to attend a journals Cerebral Cortex and Developmental theses. A third PhD student, Sha Liu will finalise course in Molecular Anatomy at Okinawa Biology. This work demonstrated a role for the her thesis in 2013. Three new PhD students Institute of Science and Technology, organised axonal guidance molecules Slit, Robo, Netrin and joined the laboratory in 2012, Laura Fenlon, by the Allen Brain Institute. Image of an embryonic mouse forebrain DCC in the formation of the corpus callosum and Gonzalo Almarza and Amelia Douglass. Amelia showing how axonal projections from the provided new insight into how these different is completing her PhD jointly with Professor developing cortex navigate around the interhemispheric fissure and midline glial families of molecules may interact in correct Rüdiger Klein at the Max Planck Institute in populations. guidance. Munich. Two new Bachelor of Science Honours

RESEARCH 45 Laboratory Head Professor Pankaj Sah

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Pankaj Sah, Peter Curby, Christine Dixon, Helen Gooch, Sarah Hunt, Roger Marek, John Morris, Margreet Ridder, Peter Stratton, Cornelia Strobel, Rob- ert Sullivan, Tim Tattersall, Fabrice Turpin, Francois Windels. Not pictured: Eleanora Autuori, Sepideh Keshavarzi, Christopher Nolan, Petra Sedlak, Li Xu. Background: Glial processes (dark blue) make a web that bridges together islands of neurons (nuclei labelled pale blue) and a network of interconnecting fibres (red). Image Robert Sullivan.

Mechanisms that underpin learning and memory formation One of the major goals in neuroscience simple learning paradigm – fear conditioning reconstruction and behavioural studies to today is to understand the mechanisms that – that involves the rapid and long lasting understand the circuitry of the amygdala, how underlie learning and memory formation. This acquisition of ‘emotional’ memories. Moreover, activity in these circuits results in learning, and information is a prerequisite not only for un- the amygdala is involved in emotional processing why its dysfunction causes anxiety disorders. derstanding the biology of mind but also for and neural circuit dysfunction in the amygdala is In collaboration with Professor Joe Lynch, the the discovery of therapies that can alleviate thought to underlie a range of anxiety disorders group is exploring the molecular identity of disorders such as anxiety, depression and stress. such as general anxiety and post-traumatic receptors in the amygdala that could be targets The Sah laboratory studies the physiological and stress disorder. Understanding the mechanisms for the development of new anxiolytic drugs. molecular mechanisms that underlie learning that underlie fear-related learning is therefore and memory formation. To achieve these goals most likely to yield a mechanistic understand- The team has also established a a collabora- GABAergic neurons of the amygdala are a it focusses on a part of the brain called the ing of the biology of learning and storage of tion with Professor Peter Silburn (UQ Centre for vastly heterogeneous population that pow- amygdala. The amygdala is an almond shaped emotional memory, and why changes in these Clinical Research) to study neural activity in the erfully control the amygdala's functional structure in the mid temporal lobe that is circuits lead to anxiety disorders. The group uses human brain. These recordings are revealing output. GABAergic neurons of the lateral intercalated cell masses (red) receive long responsible for assigning emotional salience to a combination of electrophysiological recording, how the human brain processes information and range cortical projections (green) and syn- sensory stimuli. In particular, it is involved in a calcium imaging, molecular analysis, anatomical how it changes in disease. apse locally within the amygdala to exert powerful feedforward inhibition.

46 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Laboratory Head Professor Mandyam Srinivasan

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Mandyam Srinivasan, Kathy Asmussen, Samuel Baker, Brenda Campbell, Julia Groening, Michael Knight, Nikolai Liebsch, Laura McLeod, Ingo Schiffner, Dean Soccol, Saul Thurrowgood, Hong Vo. Not pictured: Aymeric Denuelle, Richard Moore, Gavin Taylor, Trevor Weatherhead, William Warhurst. Background: Image captured by the vision system of an experimental aircraft executing autonomous flight and mapping its trajectory on the ground.

Visual guidance in insects and birds, and aircraft navigation systems Flying insects display remarkable visual agility, How do birds fly rapidly and safely through In the area of robotics, other members of despite their diminutive brains. The Srinivasan dense foliage? Members of the Srinivasan team the group have developed and successfully laboratory is using honeybees and budgerigars have examined how budgerigars fly through tested algorithms for a vision system that as models to understand how vision guides narrow gaps. The results are revealing that these uses information from the sky to estimate flight and enables navigation. They are also birds possess individual ‘body images’ that heading direction, as well as the direction of using these insights to design novel, biologically enable them to know in advance whether a gap the prevailing wind. These algorithms can be inspired strategies for the guidance of aircraft. can be traversed safely, and whether the wings used to compensate for winds in long-range need to be tucked in to achieve a safe passage. navigation as well as during landing and take off. Honeybees are visually agile flying machines, Other studies are showing that birds are ‘handed’ Work is underway to port many of the guidance avoiding collisions with stationary obstacles as just like humans, but handedness in birds varies algorithms that the group has developed well as other flying insects. The Srinivasan team from individual to individual, unlike humans over the past five years to our new, highly has recently demonstrated that bees indeed use who tend to be mostly right-handed. This un- manoeuvrable multi-rotor aircraft. simple rules, based on specific visual cues, to predictable feature has important implications avoid mid-air collisions with other bees. Some for their evolution and social behaviour. Sequential images of a budgerigar flying of these findings are of potential relevance to through a tunnel in an experiment to aviation safety. investigate how birds fly safely through narrow passages.

Professor Mandyam Srinivasan holds a joint appointment with the School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering. RESEARCH 47 Laboratory Head Associate Professor Bruno van Swinderen

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Bruno van Swinderen, Ben Calcagno, Leonie Kirszenblat, Ben Kottler, Angelique Paulk, Jacqui Stacey, Michael Troup, Bart van Alphen, Melvyn Yap, Oressia Zalucki, Yangqiong Zhou. Background: Dr Bart van Alphen working in the van Swinderen laboratory.

Perception and cognition in Drosophila The van Swinderen laboratory uses the fruit fly laboratory has developed a model for studying thought to be involved in sleep regulation as well model Drosophila melanogaster to investigate attention-like defects in a fly model for schizo- as visual learning and memory. Convergence perception and cognition. By combining phrenia. This research, done in collaboration with of behavioural effects stemming from activity powerful molecular genetic tools with high- the laboratory of Associate Professor Darryl Eyles, of these central neurons is being studied by throughput behavioural assays and electrophysi- revealed a role for developmental dopamine in behavioural genetics and electrophysiology. ology, the group is able to study the underpin- modulating visual attention in adult animals. In addition to Drosophila work, the laboratory nings of complex phenomena such as selective Brain recording experiments in behaving flies in also studies the honeybee in order to gain attention, memory, general anaesthesia, and virtual reality environments revealed attention- insight into neural activity associated with sleep in the more simple fly brain. To pay like switching dynamics in the fly brain, which can visual attention and learning. The honeybee attention, learn and sleep a brain must be able now be measured to understand how molecules offers valuable behavioural repertoires and a to suppress parts of the outside world effectively. such as dopamine guide behavioural choices in larger brain to complement similar questions Understanding how this suppression mechanism healthy animals as well as in disease models. addressed in the fruit fly. A Drosophila moving through the natural works is a central question of the laboratory, with In collaboration with colleagues in Beijing and world will run into the same problems we a focus on visual systems. the USA, the laboratory is also focussing on a do, however, they do it with a fraction of Using high-throughput behavioural assays, the population of neurons in the fly’s central brain the number of neurons we do. How do they do it? Image Angelique Paulk.

48 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Laboratory Head Professor Peter Visscher

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Peter Visscher, Beben Benyamin, Marie-Jo Brion, Guo-Bo Chen, Gibran Hemani, Jian Yang, Hong Lee, Gerhard Moser, Joseph Powell, Anna Vinkhuyzen. Not pictured: Allan McRae, Konstantin Shakhbazov, Background: A variant in the FTO gene is associated with increased variability in body mass index (BMI). BMI at midlife is associated with risk of dementia.

Finding genes for common diseases & their risk factors in human populations The Visscher laboratory specialises in quantitative by the cumulative effect of hundreds of genes. In has been demonstrated that genetic variation and statistical genetics, population genetics, addition to a number of significant publications, in childhood and adult cognitive ability can human genetics and bioinformatics, with the this also resulted in a team led by Professor be captured by DNA markers. This work is the ultimate aim of trying to understand the genetic Visscher being shortlisted for the 2012 Eureka continuation of a long-standing collaboration basis of differences in risk to disease and other Prize in the category of Scientific Research. with Professor Ian Deary from the University of phenotypes between individuals. The group The group has also contributed analysis expertise Edinburgh. uses theoretical derivations, simulation studies, to a large number of international research In collaboration with researchers from the development of new analytical methods and Part of the Eureka prize finalists team. The consortia that have found genes affecting en- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, software tools, and the application of advanced team was shortlisted in recognition of their dometriosis, schizophrenia, asthma, circulating Professor Visscher has established the Brisbane statistical analysis methods to genetic and work showing that genetic risk for complex lipid levels, red blood cell formation, rheumatoid Systems Genetics Study, with the aim of under- diseases such as schizophrenia is due to the phenotypic data. arthritis and stature. standing genetic variation in gene expression cumulative effect of hundreds or thousands of genes. Clockwise from top: Professor In 2012, using innovative statistical methods, the The group has developed widely used statistical and its correlation with individual differences Peter Visscher, Dr Jian Yang, Associate group demonstrated that complex traits, such as methods and software to estimate the effects in complex traits. They have shown that gene Professor Naomi Wray. Not pictured: Dr height, body mass index, behaviour, cognitive of genes, chromosomes and the whole genome expression itself is under genetic control, and that Hong Lee and Professor Mike Goddard ability and some common diseases, are caused on disease susceptibility. In data applications it this control is tissue specific. from the University of Melbourne.

Professor Peter Visscher holds a joint appointment with the UQ Diamantina Institute. RESEARCH 49 Laboratory Head Dr Robyn Wallace

Postsynaptic AChR

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Robyn Wallace, Tim Butler, Marie Mangelsdorf, Ramesh Narayanan. Not pictured: Hinson Li. Background: In 2011 a mutation in the C9orf72 gene was found to be the largest known cause of MND. The gene contains a 6 base pair repeat (GGGGCC). The figure shows an analysis of repeat copy numbers. Each peak represents one copy Presynaptic of the repeat. Controls (bottom) have between 2 and 30 copies of the repeat. In some MND patients the number of repeats increases to up to 2000 copies (top). TDP-43 Understanding the mechanisms of motor neuron disease The main focus of the Wallace laboratory is the published a report in which they used RNA im- also known to regulate alternative splicing of genetics and molecular mechanisms of motor munoprecipitation to identify mRNAs to which pre-mRNAs. The team is studying alternative neuron disease (MND). MND is a rare, incurable TDP-43 binds. The TDP-43 targets were found splicing defects in a mouse model of MND using disorder with late onset. Although most MND to include a large number of genes involved in exon microarrays. A number of genes have cases are not inherited, a small percentage are synaptic activity. Additionally, TDP-43 was found been found in which aberrant splicing occurs in due to genetic mutations. The group is using at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), one of both brain and spinal cord mRNAs compared advanced genomic techniques to understand the earliest sites of pathology in MND patients. to a normal mouse. For several genes, the how these genes cause MND and to test potential This has led to the hypothesis that TDP-43 may mis-splicing occurs prior to the onset of MND treatments. regulate RNA transport in axons to the NMJ for symptoms. These genes have the potential to local translation. The team is now collaborating become biomarkers of disease progression in Several of the known MND genes encode proteins with the Hilliard group to study TDP-43-mediated patients with MND. involved in gene regulation. The group is studying Immunohistocytochemistry of the mouse RNA transport in Caenorhabditis elegans neurons one of these proteins, TDP-43. The function Potential outcomes of these projects include neuromuscular junction shows the to determine the role of this cellular process in presence of TDP-43 (red) at the presynaptic of TDP-43 in the nervous system is currently crucial insight into understanding how motor MND pathology. terminal and acetylcholine receptors (ACHr) unknown and its role in the pathogenesis of MND neurons degenerate in MND and the identifica- on the postsynaptic muscle terminal remains unclear. In 2012 the Wallace laboratory RNA binding proteins, including TDP-43, are tion of novel therapeutic targets. (green). Image Associate Professor Peter Noakes, School of Biomedical Sciences.

50 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Laboratory Head Associate Professor Stephen Williams

2012 Laboratory Members L-R: Stephen Williams, Arne Brombas, Florence Cotel, Lee Fletcher, Ben Sivyer. Background: Dendritic activity recorded from a layer 5 neocortical pyramidal neuron.

Computation in neurons and circuits The Williams laboratory is investigating how Recent work has revealed that active dendritic integration compartments that are activated single neurons and circuits of neurons carry out integration is recruited by physiological stimuli by light stimuli. Taken together these findings computations that ultimately control behaviour. and implements circuit based computations reveal that active dendritic integration is a Using advanced electrophysiological and in the neocortex and retina. Researchers have key component of neuronal circuit operation. optical techniques, the group is investigating discovered that dendritic processing implements This work will enable neuroscientists to better how neurons integrate input signals, termed multi-modal processing in neocortical circuits, understand how networks of neurons function synaptic potentials, received throughout their acting to compute the location of objects in the and ultimately how these processes are dendritic tree. Work has shown that synaptic environment by the integration of motor and disturbed in disease. inputs received at defined areas of the dendritic sensory information. In the output neurons of In 2012, Associate Professor Williams was a tree uniquely control the output of neurons. the retina, members of the Williams laboratory co-organiser of an international conference on The laboratory seeks to understand the rules have found that dendritic integration underlies dendrites, held in the USA. and mechanisms that form and control this rich the computation of image motion. The integrative process and explore the relevance computation of the direction of image motion of active dendritic synaptic integration to the was found to be mediated by the inhibitory operation of neuronal networks. synaptic control of a cascade of active dendritic Simultaeous whole-cell recordings from a retinal ganglion cell.

RESEARCH 51 Laboratory Head Associate Professor Naomi Wray

0.020 1

7 3 0.015 11

8 10 5

9 12 13 6 0.010 4 18 14 16 15

chromosome chromosome 17 0.005 22 20 21 y = 0.001 + 0.203x R² = 0.80

Propor%on of variance in liability a2ributable to a a2ributable liability in variance of Propor%on 0.000 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 Chromosome length (% of total length of genome)

2012 Laboratory Members, L-R: Naomi Wray, Enda Byrne, Tania Carillo-Roa, Guo-Bo Chen, Hong Lee, Gerhard Moser, Anna Vinkhuyzen, Haoyu Zhang. QBI Bioinformatics Core: Qiongyi Zhao. Not pictured: Andreas Lunderg, Haoyu Zhang, Zong-Hong Zhang. Background: Direct evidence for the polygenic nature of schizophrenia. The variance in liability is attributed to each chromosome and reflects the length of the chromosome. The points are labelled by chromosome number. Lee et al. Nature Genetics 2012. Statistical probing of the genomic complexity of psychiatric disorders Research in the Wray laboratory focusses on in Nature Genetics. The genetic architecture disorders, but based on the old adage “we are understanding the genetic contribution to of schizophrenia (i.e. the number of genetic all related”, searches the genome for variants psychiatric disorders. The group specialises in variants and their contribution to risk) has been more likely to be shared in cases of different the development of new analytical methods and a subject of much debate and controversy diagnostic classes. The methods are currently the application of advanced statistical methods in the field. Analyses of the Wray laboratory being applied to the five major disorders of the to the analysis of genetic and phenotypic data provided empirical support of a highly polygenic Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Research has architecture. These results will help guide future of psychiatric disorders. They play a leading also focussed on strategies that define more research designed to identify individual risk role in the international Psychiatric Genomics homogenous diagnostic classes for genetic Consortium that has brought together large variants and biological pathways that underpin human disease. studies of psychiatric disorders, for example samples of cases and controls of five psychiatric using major depression, postnatal depression or Using the major depressive disorder disorders: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major In 2012, the Wray laboratory published new sleep dysregulation. depressive disorder, attention deficit hyperac- methods that use genome-wide markers to diagnostic criteria in a latent class analysis to identify phenotypic subclasses that may tivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Members of the Wray laboratory were also part interrogate the shared genetic relationship be more meaningful biologically. In 2012, the Wray laboratory published a novel between psychiatric disorders. The methods use of a team that were finalists for a 2012 Eureka Psychiatric Genomics Consortium for Major analysis of the consortium’s schizophrenia data sets of unrelated cases and controls from two Prize in the category of Scientific Research. Depressive Disorder, Ripke, Wray et al. Molecular Psychiatry 2012.

52 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Senior research assistant Nancy Malintan in the Meunier laboratory.

QBI ANNUAL REPORT 53 Centre for Ageing Dementia Research

Along with early detection and preventative neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease. strategies, therapeutic intervention is key to His insights have been used toward developing minimising the social and economic impact of new therapeutic approaches for dementia dementia in Australia. treatment.

The aims of CADR are: The current prescribed drugs provide symptomatic treatment, without halting the progressive neuro- l To uncover basic disease mechanisms and use degeneration and nerve cell loss that character- this information for therapeutic intervention ises the Alzheimer’s brain. l To understand the normal role of genes Professor Götz and his team use animal models and proteins implicated in diseases such as as they not only help in understanding what Alzheimer’s and frontotemporal dementia goes awry in the Alzheimer's brain, they are also l To develop new pharmaceuticals to promote essential tools in developing tailored therapies. new nerve cell production to prevent or delay Professor Götz and his team continue to develop the onset of ageing dementia, and to delay its and improve a diverse array of strategies aimed at progression curing the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. Housed within the QBI, the Centre for Ageing l To develop new pharmaceuticals to prevent The molecular entities include small molecules, Dementia Research (CADR) is Australia’s first brain nerve cells from dying or degenerating such as sodium selenate, which is currently being and only facility focussed entirely on research during ageing into the prevention and treatment of dementia. tested in a clinical trial, as well as antibodies l To develop low-cost, non-pharmaceutical to target proteins in the brain, an organ long In February 2012, Professor Jürgen Götz was therapies to prevent or delay the onset of thought to be immunoprivileged and hence not appointed Foundation Chair of Dementia ageing dementia, and to delay its progression accessible to vaccination strategies. Research at UQ and inaugural Director of CADR. l To develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic The research team is currently refining these Against a backdrop of Australia’s maturing antibodies as well as methods to make the strategies to make them ultimately applicable to population, ageing dementia is emerging as one blood-brain barrier, a major obstacle in drug humans, and is optimising methods to penetrate of the country’s most pressing health problems. delivery, penetrable to therapeutic molecules. the blood-brain barrier for drug delivery. The disorder affects more than 320,000 Australians About Professor Götz CADR scientists are on the trajectory to continue and is the nation’s third leading cause of death, to make discoveries that help the growing after heart disease and stroke. There is no cure. A world-leader in Alzheimer’s disease research, number of dementia patients, both in Australia Professor Götz has made several ground-break- Without a significant medical breakthrough, the and overseas. ing discoveries, including work published in the number of Australians living with dementia is prestigious journals Science and Cell, that brought expected to soar to over one million by 2050. to light the molecular mechanisms underlying the The CADR team has already made discoveries that loss of brain function in Alzheimer’s disease. are leading to the development of tools to prevent Professor Götz has earned international acclaim onset, or slow the progression of dementia. for the discovery of how the molecule TAU causes

54 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Centre for Ageing Dementia Research

Profile signalling and has the ability to bind, sense and generate curvature on the plasma membrane. Dr Victor Anggono, Dr Anggono and his collaborator, Professor Centre for Ageing Dementia Research Phillip Robinson at the University of Sydney have Efficient communication between neurons is found two novel phosphorylation sites on the crucial for all brain activity and depends on syndapin lipid binding domain that regulate the the ability of neurons to transmit chemical ability of syndapin to bind and tubulate the lipid signals (neurotransmitters) from the so-called membrane. Mutations in either of these two phos- presynaptic nerve terminals to postsynaptic phorylation sites impair the ability of a neuron to receptors on other neurons. Years of research extend its processes. In addition, Dr Anggono also has shown that dysregulation of neurotransmitter led a project that involves groups of researchers release and aberrant movement of postsynaptic from The Johns Hopkins University, USA, and receptors lead to impairment in neuronal com- the University of Cologne, Germany, examining munication and deficits in social behaviour, a novel role for syndapin in regulating cerebellar learning and memory in mice. There is also long-term depression, thought to be important in considerable evidence to suggest that synapses, controlling fine-motor movement. More recently, the specialised structures through which neurons his team has collaborated with Professor Jürgen transmit and receive signals, are particularly Götz to investigate the underlying mechanisms vulnerable in Alzheimer’s disease, establishing responsible for the loss of synaptic proteins in synaptic dysfunction as one of the earliest events mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease. in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease prior to neuronal loss.

The overall goal of Dr Anggono’s research is to unravel the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuronal communication, in order to understand physiological phenomena such as learning, memory, behaviour and disease. In the past few years, his team has been working on the protein syndapin, which plays an important role in neuronal

Above: Widespread accumulation of hyperphosphorylated protein aggregates in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Far left: Professor Jürgen Götz. Right: Dr Victor Anggono. QBI ANNUAL REPORT 55 Science of Learning Centre

The Science of Learning Centre (SoLC), the first and we are able to rely more and more on centre of its kind in Australia, brings together automatic processes. This automatic processing expertise in neuroscience, cognitive psychology occurs for example, when we drive a car. and education to translate cutting-edge Neuroscientist Associate Professor Bruno van neuroscience into effective, efficient and Swinderen is using simple navigational tasks for practical teaching techniques for application in honey bees and observing the interplay between the classroom and workplace. the bee’s attention and motor system, as the task “Understanding the neural mechanisms of is made harder. The research is showing how learning has a huge potential to impact on the working memory impacts on the motor system practice of education. Every change in behaviour in bees. that results from learning can be traced back to Meanwhile, cognitive psychologist Associate a change in our brain,” said SoLC Co-Director Professor Ross Cunnington and Dr Robert Colvin Professor Pankaj Sah. are developing the navigational task for human Insights into complex neural circuitry, whole-brain experiments, to establish transferal of the activity and the interaction between memory underlying learning principles and to understand systems, emotion and attention have led to new the important trade-off between attention and techniques for assisting people with learning automaticity. difficulties in areas such as numeracy and literacy. Outcomes from this research will provide “We also started from a strong base in existing guidance in planning the length of learning teaching practices, and when this experience is activities, determining when learning ceases integrated with foundational research into the and automaticity kicks in for repetition based biological mechanisms of learning, many new activities such as spelling words. possibilities exist for improving and widening the impact of successful practices,” added Co-Director Professor Ottmar Lipp.

One new project, which commenced this year, is an investigation into automaticity and attention. As we develop proficiency in a new task, the load on our short-term working memory decreases

56 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Joint Sino-Australian Neurogenetics Laboratory

The Joint Sino-Australian Neurogenet- Project profile ics Laboratory, an initiative of QBI, UQ’s Diamantina Institute and the Second Military Neurogenetics of motor neuron Medical University (SMMU) in Shanghai, is disease dedicated to exploring how genes influence MND is a devastating neurodegenerative disease brain development and function, and focusses characterised by progressive muscle weakness on discovering the genes that cause or make and wasting. About 10 per cent of MND is familial, individuals susceptible to certain neurological that is more than one person in the family has and mental illnesses. been or is affected, and is usually the result of a Under the guidance of Professor Huji Xu, who genetic mutation. Genetic mutations are also holds an appointment with QBI and SMMU, found in cases where there is no family history – researchers are probing the neurogenetics of sporadic cases. motor neuron disease (MND), schizophrenia, QBI’s Professors Perry Bartlett and Peter Visscher, stroke and epilepsy. in collaboration with Professor Matt Brown from Researchers in the laboratory are engaging with the UQ Diamantina Institute and Professor Huji Xu a network of neurologists and psychiatrists at from the SMMU, are conducting large population various hospitals and universities across China studies to identify genes that are associated to study ethnically remote populations. It is with MND. This research will lead to new genetic anticipated that differences in ancestral genetic markers, aid development of diagnostic tools and diversity will enable mapping of genes in certain identify new therapeutic targets for MND. populations that are not easily identified in other populations.

Above: UQ's Vice-Chancellor Professor Peter Høj meets with staff at the Second Military Medical Univer- sity in Shanghai. Below: Researcher Dr Marie Mangelsdorf in the joint laboratory at QBI.

QBI ANNUAL REPORT 57 Joint Laboratory of Neuroscience and Cognition

The Joint Laboratory of Neuroscience and Project profile Cognition between the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of Biophysics in Beijing and Uncovering the origins of pain QBI, headed by Professor Perry Bartlett (QBI) The amygdala, with its role in emotional and Professor Rongqiao He (IBP) continues to processing and the target region of nociceptive develop, with collaborations between the two fibres of the parabrachial area, has been organisations strengthening and expanding. proposed to be the site of integration for painful In July QBI was fortunate to host the President sensations and affective responses. Professor of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Professor Pankaj Sah (QBI) has combined his knowledge Chunli Bai. Professor Bai is extremely supportive of amygdala physiology with Professor Jianyuan of the research collaboration between the two Sun’s (IBP) expertise in presynaptic recordings organisations. of the Calyx of Held to directly record from large parabrachial presynaptic basket terminals, There are now over 20 researchers working which carry nociceptive information and target across five projects within the Joint Laboratory central lateral amygdala neurons. This collabora- in Beijing and Queensland, united in the quest to tive work is providing a better understanding of identify the key mechanisms that regulate brain these synapses. This will improve our knowledge plasticity, and to translate this understanding into of how painful information can negatively promoting normal function and ameliorating influence emotions, which can, in severe circum- disease. stances such as chronic pain, lead to anxiety and depression. Dr Cornelia Strobel, from Professor To ensure the ongoing success of the Joint Sah's laboratory, spent 6 months working in Laboratory Associate Professor Yajing (Maggie) Beijing with Professor Sun, which followed a visit Sun was appointed as Liaison Manager. Among to QBI from Professor Sun's PhD student Qianwen other duties, Associate Professor Sun will manage Zhu in 2011. liaisons with Chinese hospitals for clinical research and explore commercial opportunities in China.

Above: An example of a large neurosphere observed in the hypomagnetic field (HMF), from postnatal day 2 mouse subventricular zone tissue. A HMF system in IBP has been upgraded with an advanced magnetic field compensating system and a video monitoring system to investigate the responses of neural stem cells in the mice.

58 QBI ANNUAL REPORT QBI ANNUAL REPORT 59 Students

This page: Honours student, Nika Mohannak in the Meunier laboratory.

60 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Students

Attracted by the Queensland Brain Institute’s outstanding reputation, students play an integral role in the cutting-edge research undertaken at the Institute. A mix of local students and international students from as far afield as China, Latin-America and Europe brings fresh, innovative and international approaches to QBI’s neuroscience research.

STUDENTS 61 Student stories and profiles

In 2012, QBI had a total of 81 research higher UQ Centennial Living Allowance and the UQ Students chart course to success degree students enrolled, 17 of whom were in- Advantage Top-Up. Thanh Nguyen (Vietnam) ternational candidates from Austria, Canada, and Xianfeng Yang (China) were both awarded Students at QBI are provided with opportunities to pursue their research interests, while working closely with dedicated neuroscientists. This research and work experience provides the students Chile, China, France, Germany, India, Iran, Korea, the IPRS while also receiving UQ Centennial Living with a solid foundation for career success. Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, Norway, Allowances and QBI Top-Up Scholarships. French Singapore, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, the PhD student Aymeric Denuelle was awarded Dr Richard Moore Dr Lauren Harms United Kingdom, the United States of America the IPRS, UQ Centennial Living Allowance, and Vietnam. and a scholarship from the Commonwealth Dr Richard Moore joined QBI’s bio-robotics Dr Lauren Harms began her doctoral research Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation laboratory, headed by Professor Mandyam focussing on brain development in vitamin D QBI welcomed 33 new domestic and interna- (CSIRO). Fourteen domestic PhD students who Srinivasan, in June 2008 to investigate novel deficient mice under the supervision of Dr Thomas tional students who commenced their research commenced their studies in 2012 each secured vision-based guidance systems for autonomous Burne and Associate Professor Darryl Eyles early in candidature during the year. QBI was also the top Australian Government scholarship, the aircraft. Richard’s research was focussed on 2008. delighted to see the conferral of 13 PhD awards Australian Postgraduate Award (APA). Domestic developing computationally lightweight and upon the following students across two graduation The focus of Lauren’s doctoral research was PhD students Lee Fletcher and Zoran Boskovic robust guidance and navigation algorithms for ceremonies held in July and December and would the potential impacts of prenatal vitamin D were both successful in securing an APA and a UQ small-scale unmanned aircraft by taking inspiration like to congratulate: Conor Champ (Marshall deficiency on brain development and behaviour Advantage Top-Up Scholarship for their research from the principles by which many winged insects laboratory), Claire Foldi (Eyles/Burne laboratory), with relevance to psychiatric disorders. Lauren’s into synaptic integration, and adult forebrain stabilise their flight and navigate. One of the key Clare Giacomantonio (Goodhill laboratory), IIan research showed vitamin D deficient mice and function, respectively. outcomes from his research was the demonstration Gobius (Richards laboratory), Lauren Harms (Burne control mice displayed differences in the expression of complex flight behaviours, such as autonomous laboratory), Sharon Mason (Richards laboratory), QBI also welcomed undergraduate and of genes involved in developmental processes, return-to-base and landing, for the first time using Linda May (Coulson laboratory), Richard Moore postgraduate coursework students through the some of which are implicated in schizophrenia. In only visual information and on-board computing (Srinivasan laboratory), Sumiti Saharan (Bartlett annual UQ Summer Research Program, and for addition, Lauren’s research showed an effect on resources. laboratory), Hugh Simpson (Goodhill laboratory), the first time in 2012, the UQ Winter Research behaviour as the mice aged, demonstrating the Cornelia Strobel (Sah laboratory), Nancy Malintan Program. For the Summer Research Program After receiving his PhD from UQ in late 2012, Richard long-lasting effect of prenatal vitamin D deficiency. (Meunier laboratory), and Qian Wang (Lynch 2012, QBI received 22 domestic and international secured a Postdoctoral Fellowship with the School Lauren’s research resulted in two first-author laboratory). An MPhil was awarded to Haley undergraduate students to undertake a range of Engineering and Applied Sciences at Harvard papers. Since completing her studies, she has since Cox (Cooper laboratory). These graduates have of projects across 14 different laboratory groups University where he is applying his knowledge of taken up a postdoctoral position at the University of subsequently gone on to postdoctoral work or into within QBI. The inaugural Winter Research bio-inspired visual guidance systems to the design Newcastle, NSW, where she is continuing to pursue research administration. Program involved a total of five students who of the Robbie – an insect-sized, flapping-wing, micro her research interests in animal brain development, participated in various laboratory-based projects aerial vehicle. His research is currently directed with a particular focus on schizophrenia. Multiple highly competitive scholarships were over a six-week period. towards investigating how swarms of autonomous awarded to QBI students during the year. Some robotic insects could be used to efficiently explore of the most successful international scholarship new environments. recipients were: Stephanie Biergans (Germany) who was awarded the top international scholarship offered at UQ, the International Postgraduate Research Scholarship (IPRS), in conjunction with

Right: Summer student Justin Jin in the laboratory.

62 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

MASTER OF NEUROSCIENCE students

Master of Neuroscience

The Master of Neuroscience program was Students who have completed their Master of introduced in 2010 as an initiative of QBI Director Neuroscience program say that the experience has Professor Perry Bartlett and The University of encouraged them to pursue further study oppor- Queensland's Senior Deputy Vice-Chancellor, tunities, such as a PhD. Professor Deborah Terry, as a pathway for students Compulsory core lecture-based courses in the who wish to shift their career focus to neuroscience Master of Neuroscience program are: and pursue independent research and teaching careers. In 2012, QBI welcomed two new interna- n Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience tional students and five domestic students into the (NEUR7006), which is concerned with cellular Master of Neuroscience program: Richard Carey, and molecular biology of the neuron. Matthew Kennett, Elliot Lambert, Kim Loong Lim, n Systems Neuroscience: Sensory and Motor Janaina Videra Pinto, Michael Troup and Cameron (NEUR7004) which uses a systems approach to Turner. explore the brain with respect to circuits that The program is coordinated by QBI and the Faculty integrate and process information. of Social and Behavioural Sciences but also spans n Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience other centres for neuroscience research at UQ. To (NEUR7005), which focusses on the elucidation ensure quality of student experience and teaching, of the neural basis of cognitive and behavioural a quota of 12 students per semester has been phenomena. imposed upon the course. Together with the three Master of Neuroscience Providing research training and core professional laboratory rotations, which offer 300 hours of skills, the program is a pathway to specialist streams supervised practical experience, these courses including molecular and cellular neuroscience, provide a cohesive introduction to the theoretical neural imaging and computational neuroscience, and practical aspects of neuroscience. Rotations developmental neurobiology, cognitive and can be undertaken in a wide number of par- behavioural neuroscience, visual and sensory ticipating schools, including QBI, UQ’s Schools neuroscience and epigenetics. The Master of of Psychology, Pharmacy, Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience runs for three semesters (24 units), Sciences, Microbial and Molecular Biosciences, although students with Honours or equivalent can Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, complete the program in two semesters (16 units). Perinatal Research Centre, Centre for Clinical Research, the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, In 2012, a total of nine students graduated with the Centre for Advanced Imaging and Queensland Master of Neuroscience degree. They were Luis Institute of Medical Research. Sebastian Contreras Huerta, Kylie Cuthbertson, Laura Fenlon, Gayeshika Leanage, Joel Adams- Bedford, Megan Campbell, Yuan Cao, Athina Eu and Cameron Turner.

STUDENTS 63 COMMUNITY

64 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Community

Queensland Brain Institute researchers form an integral part of the communities in which they work and live. They regularly discuss the latest research discoveries with community groups, while also engaging with their peers at scientific conferences.

In 2012, QBI hosted a series of high profile events and conducted a range of community outreach events. In addition to educating Australians about the latest research findings, staff also expanded their efforts to encourage the next generation to consider careers in neuroscience.

Charmaine Paiva is part of the administration team at QBI.

COMMUNITY 65 Events

ANS meetings Lecture Symposium on Brainnetome Meets Genome

Alongside the Australian Neuroscience Society’s Cellular and Functional Imaging QBI was host to the inaugural Symposium on Annual Scientific Meeting held on the Gold Brainnetome Meets Genome (SBMG 2012) from This satellite symposium brought together many Coast, researchers from QBI attended a number May 3-4. of the leaders in the field of imaging to present of satellite meetings. recent results and developments in imaging. Keynote speakers included Dr Akira Sawa of The Bioautism Johns Hopkins University, who discussed the Held at QBI, speakers at the meeting came with Disrupted in Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) gene in Held at QBI in January, this meeting focussed extensive experience working on cellular imaging mice, and QBI's own Professor Geoffrey Goodhill, on the neural and biological basis of autism (confocal and multiphoton imaging), whole-field who explored computational models for the spectrum disorders (ASDs). It is estimated that 1 in imaging (MRI and PET) as well as optogenetic development of neural circuits. 100 children are diagnosed with an ASD each year. techniques. While the causes of autism are not clear, in recent

Speakers included QBI’s Dr John Power who SBMG 2012 years significant progress has been made towards discussed calcium store release in amygdala unravelling the underlying disease aetiology and 3-4 May 2012 neurons. Associate Professor Peter Thorn, School Queensland Brain Institute (QBI) and QBI Auditorium candidate mechanisms. Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) The University of Queensland of Biomedial Sciences spoke on real-time imaging Brisbane, Australia This meeting brought together researchers exocytosis, and QBI’s Professor Pankaj Sah gave INAUGURAL SYMPOSIUM ON working on ASDs from multiple disciplines, with insight into the intrinsic circuitry of the amygdala. BRAINNETOME MEETS GENOME the specific goal of addressing how basic and Neuronal Polarity in Health and Disease: Role of clinical research can accelerate the development Cytoskeleton and Vesicular Trafficking of therapies and treatments. This satellite meeting explored the latest Speakers featured at the meeting included Dr Keynote speaker: advances in our understanding of neuronal Akira Sawa, John Hopkins University, USA Honey Heussler (Mater Hospital), Dr Natasha DISC1: Beyond disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 polarity, in particular how cytoskeletal elements Brown (Melb Uni), Dr Peter Enticott (Monash Uni), and trafficking fulfils these critical functions. International speakers from as far afield as the United States, the United Kingdom and China will converge at QBI to explore the latest Dr Jon Brock (Macquarie Uni), Dr Elisa Hill (Melb research relating to anatomical and functional brain networks, brain connectivities and how genes modulate brain networks. Age-related defects in regulation and the dramatic Confirmed international speakers: Daniel C. ALEXANDER Tianzi JIANG Peter Valdes SOSA Uni), Associate Professor Charles Claudianos (QBI, University College London, UK Institute of Automation, Cuban Neuroscience Centre, Cuba Chinese Academy of Sciences, China consequences that lead to synapse elimination Lingzhong FAN Queensland Brain Institute, Australia Fuqiang XU Institute of Automation, Wuhan Institute of Physics UQ) and Professor David Reutens (CAI, UQ). Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Hao LEI and Mathematics, China Wuhan Institute of Physics and/or neuronal degeneration was also discussed. Yong FAN and Mathematics, China Dezhong YAO Institute of Automation, University of Electronic Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Bing LIU and Technology, China Institute of Automation, Topics discussed included genetics, synaptic and James GEE Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Chunshui YU University of Pennsylvania, USA Tianjing Medical University, China The meeting explored the critical role neuronal Yong LIU Qiyong GONG Institute of Automation, Xin YU circuit level mechanisms, cognitive mechanisms, Huaxi Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Institute of Neurological Sichuan University, China Disorders and Stroke polarity plays in the development of the brain and Qianli MENG National Institutes of Health, USA animal models, and moving from models and Xiaoping HU Institute of Biophysics, how cytoskeleton and vesicular trafficking play Emory University, USA Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Further information on the speakers and the program can be obtained at http://www.qbi.uq.edu.au/index.html?page=172775 mechanisms to therapeutics. Registration is now open. Please e-mail Reeza Nazer at [email protected]. Scientific queries toTianzi Jiang at [email protected] both a structural and dynamic role in synaptic www.qbi.uq.edu.au www.cai.uq.edu.au function.

66 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

The amygdala receives long range projections from many regions of the brain, which deliver sensory information about our surroundings. Auditory thalamic projections (green axons) target both excitatory and inhibitory cells of the amygdala, before continuing on to target Right: x downstream structures. Image Robert Sullivan

COMMUNITY 67 Conferences

Merson Lecture 4th Brain Plasticity Symposium 2nd QBI-MCN Systems Neuroscience Symposium Brain Wiring and Disorders

QBI’s annual Merson Lecture attracted one of the “Understanding how the brain is wired is key to un- Held at QBI in September, this symposium brought The research collaboration between QBI and world’s most respected neuroscientists, Professor derstanding how it works.” together leading national and international the Munich Center for Neurosciences (MCN) is Mriganka Sur, Newton Professor of Neuroscience researchers in the field of neural mechanisms and progressing well. Research in Professor Sur’s laboratory has and Director of the Simons Center for the Social plasticity to share their recent findings with the demonstrated that specificity and plasticity are A QBI delegation travelled to the Ludwig Brain, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Australian neuroscience community. both fundamental requirements for brain wiring. Maximilians University in Munich, home of (MIT), Cambridge, USA. The underlying mechanisms provide critical clues The three-day event covered topics including the MCN, in October for the second Systems In his address to a capacity crowd in QBI’s for repairing the brain after damage or disease. learning and memory, circuits and cognition, Neuroscience Symposium. auditorium, Professor Sur spoke of his extensive circuits and plasticity, neurogenesis and cognition, He has discovered fundamental principles by Here, the latest findings in sensory, cognitive, research into the human brain, “perhaps the most ageing and cognition, and behavioural epigenetics, which networks of the cerebral cortex are wired cellular and molecular neuroscience were fantastic machine in the universe”. starting with a keynote lecture from Professor Jim during development and change dynamically showcased. McGaugh of the University of California, Irvine, Professor Sur studies the organisation, during learning. USA on forming lasting memories. The event highlighted the local neuroscience development and plasticity of the cerebral cortex The lecture is named in honour of Dr David Merson, community as a promising research environment of the brain using experimental and theoretical The impressive line up of international speakers member of the QBI Advisory Board, whose philan- for young scientists. approaches. featured guests from USA, Canada, New Zealand, thropic sponsorship of this lecture is indicative of a Japan and India. The symposium was unanimously regarded as a “It has billions of neurons, and each neuron in- growing community interest in neuroscience and success. terconnects with hundreds of other neurons via the cutting-edge research that is being done in the thousands of synapses – this staggering number area of neurological and mental diseases. Future collaboration concepts include a joint of connections is one reason for the complexity of student PhD program, progressing research brain processing,” he said. projects involving both long and short-term staff and student exchanges, as well as regular bilateral “Networks are the engine of the brain, for they 2012 faculty visits. transform simple inputs to make complex outputs. Merson Lecture Professor Jason Mattingley is now developing and

When Tuesday 7 August 2012 planning the first subject-specific workshop to Lecture 5.00 – 6.00pm Cocktail party 6.00 – 7.15pm Where Level 7 Auditorium come out of the collaboration. Queensland Brain Institute Building 79, Upland Road The University of Queensland St Lucia campus The workshop will focus on ‘Cognitive RSVP Please register your attendance for the lecture and the cocktail party by calling Neuroscience and Imaging’, and will be held at QBI 07-3346 6353 or by emailing [email protected] in early 2014. & By Professor Mriganka Sur, FRS Newton Professor of Neuroscience, Director of the Simons Center for the Social Brain, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA

The human brain is perhaps the most fantastic machine brain using experimental and theoretical approaches. in the universe. It has billions of neurons, and each He has discovered fundamental principles by which neuron interconnects with hundreds of other neurons networks of the cerebral cortex are wired during via thousands of synapses. This staggering number of development and change dynamically during learning. connections is one reason for the complexity His laboratory has identified gene networks of brain processing. Another is the precision underlying cortical plasticity, and pioneered of wiring between neurons in order to make high resolution imaging methods to study circuits and networks. Networks are the cells, synapses and circuits of the intact engine of the brain, for they transform simple brain. Recently, his group has demonstrated inputs to make complex outputs. Understand- novel mechanisms underlying disorders of ing how the brain is wired is key to understand- brain development, and proposed innovative ing how it works. Research in our laboratory strategies for treating such disorders. demonstrates that specificity and plasticity are both fundamental requirements for brain The lecture is named in honour of Dr David wiring. The underlying mechanisms provide critical Merson, member of the QBI Advisory Board, whose clues for repairing the brain after damage or disease. philanthropic sponsorship of this lecture is indicative of a growing community interest in neuroscience and the 68 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Professor Mriganka Sur studies the organisation, cutting-edge research that is being done in the area of development and plasticity of the cerebral cortex of the neurological and mental diseases. Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Opposite. xx

COMMUNITY 69 Community Outreach

QBI’s community outreach program is designed In 2012, QBI’s researchers were involved to engage people interested in discovering in more than 20 outreach events, including: more about neurological disorders. The Associate Professor Elizabeth Coulson program’s success is proof of the public’s thirst updated members of the Superannuated to learn more about the latest developments in Commonwealth Officers' Association on the this area of research. latest research into Alzheimer’s disease. In addition to regular tours through QBI’s Dr Francois Windels presented a world-class facilities, the Institute’s researchers talk to the Friends of Ipswich Library frequently conduct lectures, talks and discussions on addiction and the brain. that are the anchor of the outreach program. This interaction – in libraries, bookstores, schools, Dr Daniel Blackmore gave a presentation hospitals and other community settings – has to members of the University of the 3rd Age, continually proven beneficial for the public and Petrie, about the effect of exercise on the brain. scientists alike. Dr Luca Cocchi addressed the Bridgeman As the community learns more about the world- Downs Probus group at their monthly leading research being conducted at QBI, the meeting, and spoke about brain dynamics lectures provide an unparalleled opportunity underlying limits in human reasoning. for scientists to meet people who, in many Associate Professor Bruno van Swinderen cases, know someone affected by a neurological delivered a talk on using the genetic model condition. Engaging with people who will Drosophila melanogaster to understand general potentially benefit from QBI’s research in the anaesthesia and sleep to members of the longer term provides an additional impetus for Faculty of Pain (College of Anaesthetists). the neuroscientists to advance their work. Dr Michael Piper spoke to members of the Beenleigh Library about QBI’s research into neurodegenerative diseases.

Associate Professor Naomi Wray spoke about her statistical research on mental health illnesses to staff and affiliates of Logan Adult Mental Health Services.

If your group would like to learn more about the exciting research at QBI and meet one of our researchers, contact QBI on 07 3346 6300.

Above: Members of Kenmore Village Probus Club visited QBI in November. Right: 2012 Gala Art Exhibition fundraiser held by Soroptimist International Brisbane South (SIBS). From Left, Dr Robyn Wallace, QBI; Jan Skinner, President, SIBS; Penelope Gilbert Ng, President, Pastel Society of Australia.

70 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

AustraliaN Brain Bee Challenge out-smart, out-think, out-last The Australian Brain Bee Challenge (ABBC) has The Round 2 Queensland event took place at the been encouraging high school students to learn Queensland Brain Institute (QBI) on 19 June 2012, about neuroscience since 2006. The program is with Nobel Laureate Professor Elizabeth Blackburn designed to capture students’ interest in brain addressing 200 students and teachers. The Year 10 structure, function and anatomy, and to educate students came from all over Queensland, including students, teachers and the wider community Cairns, Rockhampton and Townsville. In addition about the importance of neuroscience research to participating in the competition, students and to society. The ABBC provides opportunities teachers had the opportunity to tour the facilities for students from all over Australia, including at QBI, observe experiments and hear from QBI regional areas, to participate and consider a scientists discussing their research, discoveries and career in science and in particular, neuroscience. how they became involved in science research as a career. 2012 was a fantastic year for the ABBC, with Brisbane State High School student and 2011 Round 3, the National Final, in which each State ABBC Champion, Teresa Tang, becoming the Champion competes to become the Australian Brain first Australian student to win the International Bee Champion, is held annually at the Australian Brain Bee Championship, held in Cape Town, Neuroscience Society meeting. The Australian Brain South Africa in July 2012. Teresa competed Bee Champion for 2012 will be decided at the ANS against students from 14 different countries and meeting in February 2013 in Melbourne. The winner completed five neuroscience challenges that tested will attend the International Brain Bee Competition her knowledge of neuroscience topics including in Vienna, Austria in September 2013. neuroanatomy, neurohistology and disorders of In 2012, the ABBC and QBI also collaborated with the the nervous system, to become the International Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander winner. Foundation (QATSIF) to give three Indigenous The ABBC has three rounds, with Round 1 taking students from Far North Queensland the place during the annual Brain Awareness Week in opportunity to spend a week at QBI experiencing March. Round 1 of the ABBC is an online quiz in what it is like to be a neuroscientist. which Year 10 students have to demonstrate their With neurological and mental illness accounting for knowledge and understanding of brain structure, almost half of the total disease burden in Australia, function, anatomy, neurological disease and the ABBC is one way students can be encouraged disorders. In 2012, there were 5,331 Year 10 student to be more interested in neuroscience research and participants in Round 1, taking the total number of to join the researchers at QBI in finding treatments participants to 23,878 over the 7 years since the and cures for disease. The ABBC is continuing to ABBC was introduced in Australia. develop meaningful ways to engage students, teachers and the community and hopes the ABBC will continue to get bigger and better in 2013.

Right: Teresa Tang, the 2011 Australian and International Brain Bee Champion from Brisbane State High School.

COMMUNITY 71 RECOGNITION

72 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Recognition

The Queensland Brain Institute is home to nearly 300 dedicated researchers working to discover the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the ability of the adult brain to generate new nerve cells and form functional connections. QBI researchers consistently shine in the neuroscience community, representing the Institute on a number of pivotal scientific organisations and serving on prestigious editorial boards.

QBI’s track record in terms of publications, grants and awards further attests to the high standard of research being undertaken with the aim of discovering the fundamental mechanisms regulating brain function.

Microscopy Services Manager Luke Hammond.

RECOGNITION 73 Fellowships and Awards

Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher vestigating the application of molecular therapies international scientific community”. This follows Award for the treatment of visual and neurodevelopmen- the 2006 Prime Minister’s Prize for Science and the Discovery Outstanding Researcher tal disorders. UK Rank Prize in Optoelectronics in 2008, a truly Award In the first round of the ARC’s new Discovery Early stellar achievement. Career Researcher Award scheme, which has been As part of Australia’s largest individual ARC implemented to identify research excellence and Discovery Project grant to commence in 2012, Human Frontier Science Program leadership potential in young investigators at the Professor Justin Marshall received a prestigious Australasian Society for Psychiatric beginning of their careers, Dr Oliver Baumann HFSP Long-term Fellowship Discovery Outstanding Researcher Award, Research Founders’ Medal has excelled. In a pool of over 2100 applicants, of making him one of only 26 recipients Australia- Dr Rosina Giordano-Santini was recently awarded whom only 13 per cent were successful, this is a Professor John McGrath was also honoured in wide. During the course of his three-year study a Human Frontier Science Program Long-term considerable achievement. Dr Baumann will use 2012 as the recipient of the Australasian Society Professor Marshall will investigate the neural Fellowship, for research to be conducted in the neuroimaging techniques to probe the role of for Psychiatric Research (ASPR) Founders’ processing that underpins the sophisticated forms laboratory of QBI’s Dr Massimo Hilliard. Here the human cerebellum in perceptual processes. Medal, awarded annually to a person who, over of colour and polarisation vision exhibited by Dr Giordano-Santini will study the molecular Traditionally considered as a regulator of motor their course of career, has made a significant cephalopods (octopus and squid) and crustaceans mechanisms regulating the establishment and function, it has only recently become apparent contribution to psychiatric research. This (mantis shrimps) on the Great Barrier Reef, and will maintenance of neuronal integrity. The neuron that the cerebellum is also implicated in a number recognition is testament to the esteem in which determine how these sensory strategies facilitate theory of one of the fathers of neuroscience, of neurological conditions that are also character- Professor McGrath is held by his peers and to his the communication and survival of these species. Ramón y Cajal, states that the relationship ised by perceptual and cognitive deficits, including outstanding commitment to and achievements between nerve cells is not one of continuity but autism, schizophrenia and attention deficit hyper- in psychiatric research, in particular his work to rather of contiguity. Although demonstrated in activity disorder. A more complete understanding generate and evaluate non-genetic risk factors for Future Fellowship every species investigated, our understanding of of the structure and function of the cerebellum schizophrenia. the processes that maintain neuronal individuality therefore has the potential to inform better Dr Michael Piper, a joint appointment between is still based only on morphological observations. diagnosis and treatment of such conditions. the School of Biomedical Sciences and QBI, has Dr Giordano-Santini will focus on defining the The University of Queensland taken the next step in an already impressive molecular elements that generate and regulate Foundation Research Excellence research career with the awarding of a Future this critical aspect of nervous system structure Awards Fellowship. Designed to support the most talented National Health and Medical and function. researchers with the potential to boost Australia’s Research Council In 2012, Dr Oliver Baumann was one of only eight research and innovation capacity, this fellowship Early Career Fellowship researchers to be honoured with a UQ Foundation will fund Dr Piper to investigate the transcriptional Awards Research Excellence Award, designed to recognise control of neural stem cell differentiation. Dr Peter Kozulin was the recipient of a CJ Martin early to mid career research excellence and Overseas Biomedical Fellowship, the goal of which Member of the Order of Australia Uncovering the genetic and molecular mechanisms leadership potential. Dr Baumann will use his is to study the neurodevelopment of the visual that modulate this differentiation will have critical In recognition of his highly distinguished funding support to investigate the role played system by focussing on hindbrain development, implications for our understanding of both normal career, 2012 saw Professor Mandyam Srinivasan by the human cerebellum in the regulation of and the visual and neurological consequences that development and disease processes, and may also appointed a Member of the Order of Australia emotion. This work will provide a better under- result from malformation of this structure. During provide essential knowledge that will facilitate the (AM) for outstanding achievement and service. standing of, and potential treatment for, a range the first two years of his fellowship, Dr Kozulin will future development of therapeutic treatments for Professor Srinivasan, a Fellow of the Royal Society of disorders that have been linked to cerebellar work with Dr Alain Chédotal at the Institut de la neurodegenerative conditions and brain cancer. of London as well as the Australian Academy dysfunction, including schizophrenia, autism and Vision in Paris, before returning to Australia to of Science, received his award “for service to depression. spend the next two years in the laboratory of QBI’s visual and sensory neuroscience through the Professor Linda Richards. Dr Kozulin’s long-term Queensland Brain Institute, as an academic, objective is to establish an independent group in- researcher and mentor, and to the national and

74 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Commercialisation

During 2012, QBI continued to develop With support from the ARC Linkage program promising new molecules and methods for and NuNerve Pty Ltd, QBI researchers began a treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, neu- three-year project that is focussed on developing ropsychiatric disorders, stroke and acute spinal and validating a new treatment for neurode- cord injury. generative disorders, including motor neuron disease (Professor Joe Lynch and Professor Pankaj A groundbreaking international initiative has Sah). The treatment involves silencing excessive brought together eminent researchers from neuronal activity using a safe, commonly QBI, the Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, UQ prescribed drug. Diamantina Institute and the Centre for Advanced Imaging at UQ. Financially supported by NuNerve QBI researchers continued to develop an active Pty Ltd, UQ, the Shanghai Changzheng Hospital molecule that promotes nerve survival and and the ARC Linkage program, the researchers prevents motor neuron loss (Associate Professor (Professor Matthew Brown, Professor Perry Elizabeth Coulson and Dr Timothy Bredy). A Bartlett, Professor Huji Xu, Professor Peter therapy developed from this research can be Visscher, Professor David Reutens, Professor targeted towards treating the neuronal cell death Bryan Mowry and Dr Robyn Wallace) will undertake that causes the neurodegenerative condition large population studies to identify genes that are rather than simply modulating the side-effects associated with motor neuron disease, schizophre- or minimising the symptoms. QBI has partnered nia and stroke. The project will determine genetic with NuNerve Pty Ltd to conduct an ARC Linkage markers, aid development of diagnostic tools project, which entered its second year during 2012. and identify new therapeutic targets for these QBI’s commercialisation activities are supported debilitating neurological disorders. by UniQuest Pty Ltd, the main commercialisation Software tools were developed in the areas of company of UQ. UniQuest provides commerciali- cell sorting (Mr Geoffrey Osborne) as well as sation expertise and resources through a Manager prediction of risk associated with developing of Innovation and Commercial Development, Dr neuropsychiatric disorders (Associate Professor Bronwyn Battersby, who is based at QBI. Charles Claudianos). In addition, two provisional patent applications were filed around methods of treatment of anxiety disorders, further funding was secured to continue a collaborative research project with a global aviation company (Professor Mandyam Srinivasan) and a new target for treating ischaemic stroke was discovered (Associate Professor Frederic Meunier).

Left: Associate Professor Elizabeth Coulson.

RECOGNITION 75 Publications

Journal Articles Baumann O, Chan E, Mattingley JB (2012) Distinct Calvin CM, Deary IJ, Webbink D, Smith P, Fernandes Cho S-C, Kim B-N, Cummins TDR, Kim J-W, Bellgrove neural networks underlie encoding of categorical versus C, Lee SH, Luciano M, Visscher PM (2012) Multivariate MA (2012) Norepinephrine transporter -3081(A/T) and coordinate spatial relations during active navigation. genetic analyses of cognition and academic achievement alpha-2A-adrenergic receptor MspI polymorphisms are Adelman JP, Maylie J, Sah P (2012) Small-conductance NeuroImage 60: 1630-1637 from two population samples of 174,000 and 166,000 associated with cardiovascular side effects of OROS- Ca²+-activated K+ channels: form and function. Annual school children. Behavior Genetics 42: 699-710 methylphenidate treatment. Journal of Psychopharmacol- Review of Physiology 74: 245-269 epub 2011 print 2012 Baumann O, Mattingley JB (2012) Functional topography ogy 26: 380-389 epub 2011 print 2012 of primary emotion processing in the human cerebellum. Carter A, Hall W (2013) Ethical implications of research Agerbo E, Mortensen PB, Wiuf C, Pedersen MS, McGrath NeuroImage 61: 805–811 on craving. Addictive Behaviors 38: 1593-1599 epub 2012 Chung SK, Bode A, Cushion TD, Thomas RH, Hunt C, J, Hollegaard MV, Nørgaard-Pedersen B, Hougaard DM, print 2013 Wood SE, Pickrell WO, Drew CJ, Yamashita S, Shiang R, Mors O, Pedersen CB (2012) Modelling the contribution of Leiz S, Longhardt AC, Raile V, Weschke B, Puri RD, Verma family history and variation in single nucleotide polymor- Benosman R, Ieng S-H, Clercq C, Bartolozzi C, Srinivasan IC, Harvey RJ, Ratnasinghe DD, Parker M, Rittey C, Masri phisms to risk of schizophrenia: a Danish national birth M (2012) Asynchronous frameless event-based optical flow. Carter A, Hall W, Ambermoon P, Dissanayaka N, A, Lingappa L, Howell OW, Vanbellinghen J-F, Mullins JG, cohort-based study. Schizophrenia Research 134: 246–252 Neural Networks 27: 32-37 epub 2011 print 2012 O’Sullivan J (2012) Stimulating debate in the field of Lynch JW, Rees MI (2013) GLRB is the third major gene epub 2011 print 2012 addication. Addiction 107: 253 [Commentary] of effect in hyperekplexia. Human Molecular Genetics 22: Blackmore DG, Reynolds BA, Golmohammadi MG, 927-940 epub 2012 print 2013 Alkaladi A, How MJ, Zeil J (2013) Systematic variations in Large B, Aguilar RM, Haro L, Waters MJ, Rietze RL (2012) Chan E, Baumann O, Bellgrove MA, Mattingley JB microvilli banding patterns along fiddler crab rhabdoms. Growth hormone responsive neural precursor cells reside (2012) From objects to landmarks: the function of visual Clark CEJ, Nourse CC, Cooper HM (2012) The tangled Journal of Comparative Physiology A 199: 99-113 epub within the adult mammalian brain. Scientific Reports 2: 1-9 location information in spatial navigation. Frontiers in web of non-canonical Wnt signalling in neural migration. 2012 print 2013 Psychology 3: 304 NeuroSignals 20: 202–220 Blackmore DG, Vukovic J, Waters MJ, Bartlett PF (2012) Ambermoon P, Carter A, Hall W, Dissanayaka N, GH mediates exercise-dependent activation of SVZ neural Chan RCK, Wang Y, Yan C, Zhao Q, McGrath J, Hsi X, Cocchi L, Bramati IE, Zalesky A, Furukawa E, Fontenelle O’Sullivan J (2012) Compulsive use of dopamine replace- precursor cells in aged mice. PLoS ONE 7: e49912 Stone WS (2012) A study of trait anhedonia in non-clinical LF, Moll J, Tripp G, Mattos P (2012) Altered functional brain ment therapy: a model for stimulant drug addiction? Chinese samples: evidence from the Chapman Scales for connectivity in a non-clinical sample of young adults Addiction 107: 241-247 epub 2011 print 2012 Blomster LV, Cowin GJ, Kurniawan ND, Ruitenberg MJ physical and social anhedonia. PLoS ONE 7: e34275 with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of (2013) Detection of endogenous iron deposits in the Neuroscience 32: 17753-17761 Arnold DH, Wegener SV, Brown FL, Mattingley JB (2012) injured mouse spinal cord through high-resolution ex Chawengsaksophak K, Svingen T, Ng ET, Epp T, Spiller Precision of synesthetic color matching resembles that vivo and in vivo MRI. NMR in Biomedicine 26: 141-150 epub CM, Clark C, Cooper H, Koopman P (2012) Loss of Wnt5a Cocchi L, Zalesky A, Fontenelle LF (2012) How can connec- for recollected colors rather than physical colors. Journal 2012 print 2013 disrupts primordial germ cell migration and male sexual tomics advance our knowledge of psychiatric disorders? of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and development in mice. Biology of Reproduction 86: 1-12 Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 34: 131-132 Performance 38: 1078-1084 Brennan FH, Anderson AJ, Taylor SM, Woodruff TM, epub 2011 print 2012 Ruitenberg MJ (2012) Complement activation in the in- Colvin RJ (2012) An operational semantics for object- Baizabal J-M, Cano-Martinez A, Valencia C, Santa-Olalla jured central nervous system: another dual-edged sword? Chen G-B, Zhu ZX, Zhang FT, Zhu J (2012) Quantitative ge- oriented concepts based on the class hierarchy. Formal J, Young KM, Rietze RL, Bartlett PF, Covarrubias L (2012) Journal of Neuroinflammation 9: 137 netic analysis station for the genetic analysis of complex Aspects of Computing 1-45 epub 2012 doi:10.1007/s00165- Glial commitment of mesencephalic neural precursor cells traits. Chinese Science Bulletin 57: 2721-2726 012-0259-y expanded as neurospheres precludes their engagement in Buske FA, Bauer DC, Mattick JS, Bailey TL (2012) Triplex- niche-dependent dopaminergic neurogenesis. Stem Cells ator: detecting nucleic acid triple helices in genomic and Chen M, Cooper HM, Zhou JZ, Bartlett PF, Xu ZP and Development 21: 1047-1058 epub 2011 print 2012 transcriptomic data. Genome Research 22: 1372-1381 (2013) Reduction in the size of layered double hydroxide Cui R, Cunnington R, Beisteiner R, Deecke L (2012) Effects nanoparticles enhances the efficiency of siRNA delivery. of force-load on cortical activity preceding voluntary finger movement: whole-scalp magnetoencephalography Baker KS, Piriyapunyaporn T, Cunnington R (2012) Butler DL, Mattingley JB, Cunnington R, Suddendorf Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 390: 275-281 epub of the Bereitschaftsfeld. Neurology, Psychiatry and Brain Neural activity in readiness for incidental and explicitly T (2012) Mirror, mirror on the wall, how does my brain 2012 print 2013 Research 18: 97-104 timed actions. Neuropsychologia 50: 715-722 recognize my image at all? PLoS ONE 7: e31452 Cheung A, Ball D, Milford M, Wyeth G, Wiles J (2012) Cummins TD, Hawi Z, Hocking J, Strudwick M, Hester R, Baker-Andresen D, Ratnu VS, Bredy TW (2013) Dynamic Byrne EM, Johnson J, McRae AF, Nyholt DR, Medland SE, Maintaining a cognitive map in darkness: the need to Garavan H, Wagner J,Chambers CD, Bellgrove MA (2012) DNA methylation: a prime candidate for genomic meta- Gehrman PR, Heath AC, Madden PA, Montgomery GW, fuse boundary knowledge with path integration. PLoS Dopamine transporter genotype predicts behavioural plasticity and behavioral adaptation. Trends in Neurosci- Chenevix-Trench G, Martin NG (2012) A genome-wide Computational Biology 8: e1002651 and neural measures of response inhibition. Molecular ences 36: 3-13 epub 2012 print 2013 association study of caffeine-related sleep disturbance: Psychiatry 17: 1086-1092 epub 2011 print 2012 confirmation of a role for a common variant in the Cheung A, Hiby L, Narendra A (2012) Ant navigation: Bartlett PF, Berninger B (2012) Introduction to the special adenosine receptor. Sleep 35: 967-975 fractional use of the home vector. PLoS ONE 7: e50451 Davies G, Harris SE, Reynolds CA, Payton A, Knight issue on neural stem cells. Developmental Neurobiology HM, Liewald DC, Lopez LM, Luciano M, Gow AJ, Corley 72: 953–954 [Editorial] Cáceres Id, Valmas N, Hilliard MA, Lu H (2012) Laterally Chiou T-H, Place AR, Caldwell RL, Marshall NJ, Cronin J, Henderson R, Murray C, Pattie A, Fox HC, Redmond orienting C. elegans using geometry at microscale for TW (2012) A novel function for a carotenoid: astaxanthin P, Lutz MW, Chiba-Falek O, Linnertz C, Saith S, Haggarty high-throughput visual screens in neurodegeneration and used as a polarizer for visual signalling in a mantis shrimp. P, McNeill G, Ke X, Ollier W, Horan M, Roses AD, Ponting neuronal development studies. PLoS ONE 7: e35037 Journal of Experimental Biology 215: 584-589 CP, Porteous DJ, Tenesa A, Pickles A, Starr JM, Whalley LJ,

76 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Publications

Pedersen NL, Pendleton N, Visscher PM, Deary IJ (2012) A Eyles DW, Burne TH, McGrath JJ (2013) Vitamin D, ef- Galletly CA, Foley DL, Waterreus A, Watts GF, Castle DJ, Harms LR, Turner KM, Eyles DW, Young JW, McGrath JJ, genome-wide association study implicates the APOE locus fects on brain development, adult brain function and the McGrath JJ, Mackinnon A, Morgan VA (2012) Cardiometa- Burne THJ (2012) Attentional processing in C57BL/6J mice in nonpathological cognitive ageing. Molecular Psychiatry links between low levels of vitamin D and neuropsychi- bolic risk factors in people with psychotic disorders: the exposed to developmental vitamin D deficiency. PLoS epub 2012 doi:10.1038/mp.2012.159 atric disease. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 34: 47-64 second Australian national survey of psychosis. Australian ONE 7: e35896 epub 2012 print 2013 and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 46: 753-761 Deary IJ, Yang J, Davies G, Harris SE, Tenesa A, Liewald D, Harper CB, Popoff MR, McCluskey A, Robinson PJ, Luciano M, Lopez LM, Gow AJ, Corley J, Redmond P, Fox Fan Y, Abrahamsen G, McGrath JJ, Mackay-Sim A (2012) Garner KG, Dux PE, Wagner J, Cummins TDR, Chambers Meunier FA (2013) Targeting membrane trafficking in HC, Rowe SJ, Haggarty P, McNeill G, Goddard ME, Porte- Altered cell cycle dynamics in schizophrenia. Biological CD, Bellgrove MA (2012) Attentional asymmetries in a infection prophylaxis: dynamin inhibitors. Trends in Cell ous DJ, Whalley LJ, Starr JM, Visscher PM (2012) Genetic Psychiatry 71: 129-135 epub 2011 print 2012 visual orienting task are related to temperament. Cogni- Biology 23: 90-101 epub 2012 print 2013 contributions to stability and change in intelligence from tion & Emotion 26: 1508-1515 childhood to old age. Nature 482: 212-215 Fanous AH, Zhou B, Aggen SH, Bergen SE, Amdur RL, Harrison WJ, Mattingley JB, Remington RW (2012) Pre- Duan J, Sanders AR, Shi J, Mowry BJ, Olincy A, Amin F, Gordon L, Joo JE, Powell JE, Ollikainen M, Novakovic B, Li saccadic shifts of visual attention. PLoS ONE 7: e45670 de Rugy A, Marinovic W, Wallis G (2012) Neural prediction Cloninger CR, Silverman JM, Buccola NG, Byerley WF, Black X, Andronikos R, Cruickshank MN, Conneely KN, Smith of complex accelerations for object interception. Journal DW, Freedman R, Dudbridge F, Holmans PA, Consortium AK, Alisch RS, Morley R, Visscher PM, Craig JM, Saffery R Hawi Z, Matthews N, Barry E, Kirley A, Wagner J, Wal- of Neurophysiology 107: 766-771 epub 2011 print 2012 SPG-WASG, Ripke S, Gejman PV, Kendler KS, Levinson DF (2012) Neonatal DNA methylation profile in human twins lace RH, Heussler HS, Vance A, Gill M, Bellgrove MA (2012) Genome-wide association study of clinical dimen- is specified by a complex interplay between intrauterine (2013) A high density linkage disequilibrium mapping in Delaney AJ, Power JM, Sah P (2012) Ifenprodil reduces sions of schizophrenia: polygenic effect on disorganized environmental and genetic factors, subject to tissue- 14 noradrenergic genes: evidence of association between excitatory synaptic transmission by blocking presynaptic symptoms. American Journal of Psychiatry 169: 1309-1317 specific influence. Genome Research 22: 1395-1406 SLC6A2, ADRA1B and ADHD. Psychopharmacology 225: P/Q type calcium channels. Journal of Neurophysiology 895-902 epub 2012 print 2013 107: 1571-1575 epub 2011 print 2012 Fernandes de Abreu DA, Landel V, Barnett AG, McGrath Götz J, Matamales M, Götz NN, Ittner LM, Eckert J, Eyles D, Feron F (2012) Prenatal vitamin D deficiency A (2012) Alzheimer’s disease models and functional Heng YHE, Barry G, Richards LJ, Piper M (2012) Nuclear Delaney AJ, Sedlak PL, Autuori E, Power JM, Sah P induces an early and more severe experimental autoim- genomics-How many needles are there in the haystack? factor I genes regulate neuronal migration. NeuroSignals (2013) Synaptic NMDA receptors in basolateral amygdala mune encephalomyelitis in the second generation. Inter- Frontiers in Physiology 3: 320 20: 1-9 principal neurons are triheteromeric proteins: physiologi- national Journal of Molecular Sciences 13: 10911-10919 cal role of GluN2B subunits. Journal of Neurophysiology Grimm A, Lim YA, Mensah-Nyagan AG, Götz J, Eckert A Heng YHE, McLeay RC, Harvey TJ, Smith AG, Barry G, 109: 1391-1402 epub 2012 print 2013 Ferrari AJ, Saha S, McGrath JJ, Norman R, Baxter AJ, Vos T, (2012) Alzheimer’s disease, oestrogen and mitochondria: Cato K, Plachez C, Little E, Mason S, Dixon C, Gronos- Whiteford HA (2012) Health states for schizophrenia and an ambiguous relationship. Molecular Neurobiology 46: tajski RM, Bailey TL, Richards LJ, Piper M (2012) NFIX Dixon KJ, Munro KM, Boyd AW, Bartlett PF, Turnley bipolar disorder within the Global Burden of Disease 2010 151-160 regulates neural progenitor cell differentiation during AM (2012) Partial change in EphA4 knockout mouse phe- Study. Population Health Metrics 10: 16 hippocampal morphogenesis. Cerebral Cortex epub 2012 notype: loss of diminished GFAP upregulation following Groves NJ, Kesby JP, Eyles DW, McGrath JJ, Mackay-Sim doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs307 spinal cord injury. Neuroscience Letters 525: 66–71 Flynn AJ, Kloser RJ (2012) Cross-basin heterogeneity in A, Burne THJ (2013) Adult vitamin D deficiency leads lanternfish (family Myctophidae) assemblages and isoto- to behavioural and brain neurochemical alterations in Hester R, Nandam LS, O’Connell RG, Wagner J, Strudwick 5 57 DuBoff B, Götz J, Feany MB (2012) Tau promotes neuro- pic niches (δ ¹³C and δ ¹ N) in the southern Tasman Sea C BL/6J and BALB/c mice. Behavioural Brain Research 241: M, Nathan PJ, Mattingley JB, Bellgrove MA (2012) Neu- degeneration via DRP1 mislocalization in Vivo. Neuron abyssal basin. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic 120-131 epub 2012 print 2013 rochemical enhancement of conscious error awareness. 75: 618-632 Research Papers 69: 113-127 Journal of Neuroscience 32: 2619-2627 Hamlyn J, Duhig M, McGrath J, Scott J (2013) Modifiable Enticott PG, Upton DJ, Bradshaw JL, Bellgrove MA, Flynn AJ, Williams A (2012) Lanternfish (Pisces: Myctophi- risk factors for schizophrenia and autism - shared risk Hofmann CM, Marshall NJ, Abdilleh K, Patel Z, Siebeck Ogloff JRP (2012) Stop task after-effects in schizophrenia: dae) biomass distribution and oceanographictopographic factors impacting on brain development. Neurobiology of UE, Carleton KL (2012) Opsin evolution in damselfish: behavioral control adjustments and repetition priming. associations at Macquarie Island, Southern Ocean. Marine Disease 53: 3-9 epub 2012 print 2013 convergence, reversal, and parallel evolution across tuning Neurocase 18: 405-414 epub 2011 print 2012 and Freshwater Research 63: 251-263 epub 2011 print 2012 sites. Journal of Molecular Evolution 75: 79-91 Han L, Talwar S, Lynch JW (2013) The relative orientation 3 4 Erskine H, Mattingley JB, Arnold DH (2012) Synaesthesia Forbes EM, Thompson AW, Yuan J, Goodhill GJ (2012) of the TM and TM domains varies between α1 and α3 How MJ, Pignatelli V, Temple SE, Marshall NJ, Hemmi and colour constancy. Cortex epub 2012 doi:10.1016/j. Calcium and cAMP levels interact to determine attraction glycine receptors. ACS Chemical Neuroscience 4: 248-254 JM (2012) High e-vector acuity in the polarisation vision cortex.2012.03.002 versus repulsion in axon guidance. Neuron 74: 490-503 epub 2012 print 2013 system of the fiddler crab Uca vomeris. Journal of Experi- mental Biology 215: 2128-2134 Eyles D, Feldon J, Meyer U (2012) Schizophrenia: do Formella I, Scott EK, Burne THJ, Harms LR, Liu P-Y, Harms LR, Cowin G, Eyles DW, Kurniawan ND, McGrath all roads lead to dopamine or is this where they start? Turner KM, Cui X, Eyles DW (2012) Transient knockdown JJ, Burne THJ (2012) Neuroanatomy and psychomimetic- Howitt J, Lackovic J, Low LH, Naguib A, Macintyre A, Goh Evidence from two epidemiologically informed devel- of tyrosine hydroxylase during development has persis- induced locomotion in C57BL/6J and 129/X1SvJ mice ex- CP, Callaway JK, Hammond V, Thomas T, Dixon M, Putz opmental rodent models. Translational Psychiatry 2: 1-10 tent effects on behaviour in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). posed to developmental vitamin D deficiency. Behavioural U, Silke J, Bartlett P, Yang B, Kumar S, Trotman LC, Tan [Prospective] PLoS ONE 7: e42482 Brain Research 230: 125-131 SS (2012) Ndfip1 regulates nuclear Pten import in vivo to promote neuronal survival following cerebral ischemia. Journal of Cell Biology 196: 29-36

RECOGNITION 77 Publications

Huang H, Jeon T, Sedmak G, Pletikos M, Vasung L, Xu James VM, Bode A, Chung SK, Gill JL, Nielsen M, Cowan cholinergic degeneration in a mouse model. NeuroImage Lee, S. H., Goddard, M. E., Wray, N. R. & Visscher, P. M. X, Yarowsky P, Richards LJ, Kostović I, Šestan N, Mori FM, Vujic M, Thomas RH, Rees MI, Harvey K, Keramidas 66: 133-141 epub 2012 print 2013 (2012) A better coefficient of determination for genetic S (2012) Coupling diffusion imaging with histological A, Topf M, Ginjaar I, Lynch JW, Harvey RJ (2013) Novel profile analysis. Genetic Epidemiology 36: 214-224. and gene expression analysis to examine the dynamics missense mutations in the glycine receptor β subunit Kesby JP, O’Loan JC, Alexander S, Deng C, Huang X-F, of cortical areas across the fetal period of human brain gene (GLRB) in startle disease. Neurobiology of Disease McGrath JJ, Eyles DW, Burne THJ (2012) Developmental Lee, S. H., Harold, D., Nyholt, D. R., ANZGene Consortium development. Cerebral Cortex epub 2012 doi:10.1093/ 52: 137-149 epub 2012 print 2013 vitamin D deficiency alters MK-801-induced behaviours in International Endogene Consortium, The Genetic and cercor/bhs241 adult offspring. Psychopharmacology 220: 455-463 epub Environmental Risk for Alzheimer’s disease (GERAD1) Jhaveri DJ, Taylor CJ, Bartlett PF (2012) Activation of 2011 print 2012 Consortium Goddard, M. E., Zondervan, K. T., Williams, J., Huang S-C, Reinhard J (2012) Color change from male- different neural precursor populations in the adult hip- Montgomery, G. W., Wray, N. R. & Visscher, P. M. (2013) mimic to gynomorphic: a new aspect of signaling sexual pocampus: does this lead to new neurons with discrete Kheyri H, Cribb BW, Reinhard J, Claudianos C, Merritt Estimation and partitioning of polygenic variation cap- status in damselflies (Odonata, Zygoptera). Behavioral functions? Developmental Neurobiology 72: 1044–1058 DJ (2012) Novel actin rings within the secretory cells of tured by common SNPs for Alzheimer’s disease, multiple Ecology 23: 1269-1275 honeybee royal jelly glands. Cytoskeleton 69: 1032–1039 sclerosis and endometriosis. Human Molecular Genetics Johnston ANB, Massa H, Burne THJ (2013) Digital lecture 22: 832-841 epub 2012 print 2013 Huang S-C, Reinhard J, Norval G (2012) The reproductive recording: a cautionary tale. Nurse Education in Practice Kirszenblat L, Neumann B, Coakley S, Hilliard MA biology and daily activity patterns of Ischnura heterosticta 13: 40-47 epub 2012 print 2013 (2013) A dominant mutation in mec-7/β-tubulin affects Lee SH, Yang J, Goddard ME, Visscher PM, Wray NR (Burmeister) in eastern Australia (Zygoptera: Coenagrioni- axon development and regeneration in Caenorhabditis (2012) Estimation of pleiotropy between complex diseases dae) Odonatologica 41: 99-107 Kameda M, Taylor CJ, Walker TL, Black DM, Abraham elegans neurons. Molecular Biology of the Cell 24: 285- using single nucleotide polymorphism-derived genomic WC, Bartlett PF (2012) Activation of latent precursors in 296 epub 2012 print 2013 relationships and restricted maximum likelihood. Bioinfor- Hunt JJ, Ibbotson M, Goodhill GJ (2012) Sparse coding on the hippocampus is dependent on long-term potentiation. matics 28 2540-2542 the spot: spontaneous retinal waves suffice for orientation Translational Psychiatry 2: 1-9 Knapp O, Nevin ST, Yasuda T, Lawrence N, Lewis RJ, selectivity. Neural Computation 24: 2422-2433 Adams DJ (2012) Biophysical properties of Naᵥ 1.8/Naᵥ 1.2 Lee PH, Perlis RH, Jung JY, Byrne EM, Rueckert E, Siburian Kamke MR, Hall MG, Lye HF, Sale MV, Fenlon LR, Carroll chimeras and inhibition by µO-conotoxin MrVIB. British R, Haddad S, Mayerfeld CE, Heath AC, Pergadia ML, Hunt JJ, Mattingley JB, Goodhill GJ (2012) Randomly TJ, Riek S, Mattingley JB (2012) Visual attentional load Journal of Pharmacology 166: 2148–2160 Madden PA, Boomsma DI, Penninx BW, Sklar P, Martin oriented edge arrangements dominate naturalistic ar- influences plasticity in the human motor cortex. Journal of NG, Wray NR, Purcell SM, Smoller JW (2012) Multi-locus genome-wide association analysis supports the role of rangements in binocular rivalry. Vision Research 64: 49–55 Neuroscience 32: 7001-7008 Kvaskoff D, Ko P, Simila HA, Eyles DW (2012) Distribu- glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the etiology of tion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in dried blood spots and major depressive disorder. Translational Psychiatry 2: e184 Islam R, Lynch JW (2012) Mechanism of action of the Kamke MR, Vieth HE, Cottrell D, Mattingley JB (2012) implications for its quantitation by tandem mass spec- insecticides, lindane and fipronil, on glycine receptor Parietal disruption alters audiovisual binding in the trometry. Journal of Chromatography B 901: 47–52 chloride channels. British Journal of Pharmacology 165: sound-induced flash illusion. NeuroImage 62: 1334–1341 Levinson DF, Shi J, Wang K, Oh S, Riley B, Pulver AE, Wildenauer DB, Laurent C, Mowry BJ, Gejman PV, Owen 2707-2720 epub 2011 print 2012 Lackovic J, Howitt J, Callaway JK, Silke J, Bartlett P, Tan MJ, Kendler KS, Nestadt G, Schwab SG, Mallet J, Nertney D, Kee N, Wilson N, Key B, Cooper HM (2013) Netrin-1 is S-S (2012) Differential regulation of Nedd4 ubiquitin Sanders AR, Williams NM, Wormley B, Lasseter VK, Albus Jääskeläinen E, Juola P, Hirvonen N, McGrath JJ, Saha required for efficient neural tube closure. Developmental ligases and their adaptor protein Ndfip1 in a rat model of M, Godard-Bauche S, Alexander M, Duan J, O’Donovan S, Isohanni M, Veijola J, Miettunen J (2012) A systematic Neurobiology 73: 176-187 epub 2012 print 2013 ischaemic stroke. Experimental Neurology 235: 326-335 MC, Walsh D, O’Neill A, Papadimitriou GN, Dikeos D, review and meta-analysis of recovery in schizophrenia. Maier W, Lerer B, Campion D, Cohen D, Jay M, Fanous Schizophrenia Bulletin epub 2012 doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs130 Kemper KE, Daetwyler HD, Visscher PM, Goddard ME Lanham SA, Roberts C, Habgood AK, Alexander S, Burne A, Eichhammer P, Silverman JM, Norton N, Zhang N, (2012) Comparing linkage and association analyses in THJ, Eyles DW, Trueman CN, Cooper M, McGrath JJ, Hakonarson H, Gao C, Citri A, Hansen M, Ripke S, The Jacoby O, Hall SE, Mattingley JB (2012) A crossmodal sheep points to a better way of doing GWAS. Genetics Oreffo OR C (2013) Effect of vitamin D deficiency during Schizophrenia Psychiatric GWS Consortium, Dudbridge crossover: opposite effects of visual and auditory percep- Research 94: 191-203 pregnancy on offspring bone structure, composition and F, Holmans PA (2012) Genome-wide association study of tual load on steady-state evoked potentials to irrelevant quality in later life. Journal of Developmental Origins of multiplex schizophrenia pedigrees. American Journal of visual stimuli. NeuroImage 61: 1050-1058 Kemper KE, Visscher PM, Goddard ME (2012) Genetic Health and Disease 4: 49-55 epub 2012 print 2013 Psychiatry 169: 963-973 architecture of body size in mammals. Genome Biology Jacoby O, Kamke MR, Mattingley JB (2013) Is the 13: 1-13 Lee NM, Carter A, Owen N, Hall WD (2012) The neurobiol- Li DDU, Ameer-Beg S, Arlt J, Tyndall D, Walker R, Mat- whole really more than the sum of its parts? Estimates ogy of overeating. EMBO Reports 13: 785-790 thews DR, Visitkul V, Richardson J, Henderson RK (2012) of average size and orientation are susceptible to object Keramidas A, Lynch JW (2012) An outline of desensitiza- Time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging techniques substitution masking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: tion in pentameric ligand-gated ion channel receptors. Lee, S. H., DeCandia, T. R., Ripke, S., Yang, J., The Schizo- suitable for solid-state imaging sensor arrays. Sensors 12: Human Perception and Performance 39: 233-244 epub Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences epub 2012 doi:10.1007/ phrenia Psychiatric Genome-Wide Association Study 5650-5669 2012 print 2013 s00018-012-1133-z Consortium (PGC-SCZ), The International Schizophrenia Consortium (ISC), The Molecular Genetics of Schizo- Li J, Liu Y, Qin W, Jiang J, Qiu Z, Xu J, Yu C, Jiang T (2013) Jahr C, Perkel D, Sah P (2012) An introduction to a sym- Kerbler GM, Hamlin AS, Pannek K, Kurniawan ND, Keller phrenia Collaboration (MGS), Sullivan, P. F., Goddard, M. Age of onset of blindness affects brain anatomical posium dedicated to the scientific achievements of Roger MD, Rose SE, Coulson EJ (2013) Diffusion-weighted mag- E., Keller, M. C., Visscher, P. M. & Wray, N. R. (2012) networks constructed using diffusion tensor tractography. Nicoll. 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78 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Publications

Li Y, Liu B, Hou B, Qin W, Wang D, Yu C, Jiang T (2012) N, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Delossantos A, Denenberg McGrath JJ, Beck-Nielsen SS, Cantor-Graae E, Mortensen Molenberghs P, Sale MV, Mattingley JB (2012) Is there Less efficient information transfer in Cys-allele Carriers J, Des Jarlais DC, Dharmaratne SD, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, PB, Pedersen CB (2012) The association between child- a critical lesion site for unilateral spatial neglect? A meta- of DISC1: a brain network study based on diffusion MRI. Duber H, Ebel B, Erwin PJ, Espindola P, Ezzati M, Feigin hood rickets and nonaffective psychosis: a Danish record- analysis using activation likelihood estimation. Frontiers in Cerebral Cortex epub 2012 doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs167 V, Flaxman AD, Forouzanfar MH, Fowkes FG, Franklin R, linkage study. Schizophrenia Research 137: 256–257 Human Neuroscience 6: 1-10 Fransen M, Freeman MK, Gabriel SE, Gakidou E, Gaspari F, Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, Danaei G, Shibuya K, Adair- Gillum RF, Gonzalez-Medina D, Halasa YA, Haring D, Har- McLean D, Gladman B, Mowry B (2012) Significant Morcinek K, Köhler C, Götz J, Schröder H (2013) Pattern of Rohani H, Amann M, Anderson HR, Andrews KG, Aryee rison JE, Havmoeller R, Hay RJ, Hoen B, Hotez PJ, Hoy D, relationship between lifetime alcohol use disorders and tau hyperphosphorylation and neurotransmitter markers M, Atkinson C, Bacchus LJ, Bahalim AN, Balakrishnan K, Jacobsen KH, James SL, Jasrasaria R, Jayaraman S, Johns N, suicide attempts in an Australian schizophrenia sample. in the brainstem of senescent tau filament forming Balmes J, Barker-Collo S, Baxter A, Bell ML, Blore JD, Blyth Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum N, Keren A, Khoo JP, Knowlton Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 46: transgenic mice. Brain Research 1497: 73-84 epub 2012 F, Bonner C, Borges G, Bourne R, Boussinesq M, Brauer LM, Kobusingye O, Koranteng A, Krishnamurthi R, Lipnick 132-140 print 2013 M, Brooks P, Bruce NG, Brunekreef B, Bryan-Hancock M, Lipshultz SE, Ohno SL, Mabweijano J, MacIntyre MF, Mallinger L, March L, Marks GB, Marks R, Matsumori A, C, Bucello C, Buchbinder R, Bull F, Burnett RT, Byers TE, McLean D, John S, Barrett R, McGrath J, Loa P, Thara R, Moreno AM, de Souza D, Reinhard J (2012) A comparative Matzopoulos R, Mayosi BM. McAnulty JH, McDermott Calabria B, Carapetis J, Carnahan E, Chafe Z, Charlson Mowry B (2012) Refining clinical phenotypes by contrast- study of relational learning capacity in honeybees (Apis MM, , et al. (2012) Global and regional mortal- F, Chen H, Chen JS, Cheng AT, Child JC, Cohen A, Colson McGrath J ing ethnically different populations with schizophrenia mellifera) and stingless bees (Melipona rufiventris). PLoS ity from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 KE, Cowie BC, Darby S, Darling S, Davis A, Degenhardt L, from Australia, India and Sarawak. Psychiatry Research ONE 7: e51467 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Dentener F, Des Jarlais DC, Devries K, Dherani M, Ding EL, 196: 194–200 Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Edmond K, Ali SE, Engell RE, Erwin Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380: 2095-2128 Morgan VA, Waterreus A, Jablensky A, Mackinnon A, PJ, Fahimi S, Falder G, Farzadfar F, Ferrari A, Finucane Miller SM, Ngo TT, van Swinderen B (2012) Attentional McGrath JJ, Carr V, Bush R, Castle D, Cohen M, Harvey C, MM, Flaxman S, Fowkes FG, Freedman G, Freeman MK, (2012) Molecular mechanisms of Lynagh T, Lynch JW switching in humans and flies: rivalry in large and minia- Galletly C, Stain HJ, Neil AL, McGorry P, Hocking B, Shah Gakidou E, Ghosh S, Giovannucci E, Gmel G, Graham K, Cys-loop ion channel receptor modulation by ivermectin. ture brains. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 5: 188 S, Saw S (2012) People living with psychotic illness in 2010: Grainger R, Grant B, Gunnell D, Gutierrez HR, Hall W, Hoek Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience 5: 1-11 the second Australian national survey of psychosis. Austra- HW, Hogan A, Hosgood HD, 3rd, Hoy D, Hu H, Hubbell BJ, Mo W-C, Liu Y, He R-Q (2012) A biological perspective lian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 46: 735-752 Hutchings SJ, Ibeanusi SE, Jacklyn GL, Jasrasaria R, Jonas (2012) Ivermectin binding sites in Lynagh T, Lynch JW of the hypomagnetic field: from definition towards JB, Kan H, Kanis JA, Kassebaum N, Kawakami N, Khang human and invertebrate Cys-loop receptors. Trends in mechanism. Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics 39: Mowry BJ, Gratten J (2013) The emerging spectrum of YH, Khatibzadeh S, Khoo JP, Kok C, Laden F, Lalloo R, Lan Pharmacological Sciences 33: 432-441 Q, Lathlean T Leasher JL, Leigh J, Li Y, Lin JK, Lipshultz SE, 835-842 allelic variation in schizophrenia: current evidence and London S, Lozano R, Lu Y, Mak J, Malekzadeh R, Mallinger strategies for the identification and functional character- Marshall NJ, Kleine DA, Dean AJ (2012) CoralWatch: L, Marcenes W, March L, Marks R, Martin R, McGale P, Mo W-C, Liu Y, Cooper HM, He R-Q (2012) Altered devel- ization of common and rare variants. Molecular Psychiatry education, monitoring, and sustainability through citizen , et al. (2012) A comparative risk assessment opment of Xenopus embryos in a hypogeomagnetic field. 18: 38–52 epub 2012 print 2013 McGrath J science. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 10: of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk Bioelectromagnetics 33: 238–246 epub 2011 print 2012 332-334 factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a Moylan S, Maes M, Wray NR, Berk M (2012) The neuro- systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study Moldrich RX, Mezzera C, Holmes WM, Goda S, Brookfield progressive nature of major depressive disorder: pathways Matamales M (2012) Neuronal activity-regulated gene 2010. Lancet 380: 2224-2260 SJ, Rankin AJ, Barr E, Kurniawan N, Dewar D, Richards to disease evolution and resistance, and therapeutic transcription: how are distant synaptic signals conveyed LJ, López-Bendito G, Iwata T (2012) Fgfr3 regulates implications. Molecular Psychiatry epub 2012 doi:10.1038/ to the nucleus? F1000 Research 1: 1-11 Lin X, Ding K, Liu Y, Yan X, Song S, Jiang T (2012) Altered development of the caudal telencephalon. Developmental mp.2012.33 spontaneous activity in anisometropic amblyopia sub- Dynamics 240: 1586–1599 epub 2011 print 2012 jects: revealed by resting-state fMRI. PLoS ONE 7: e43373 Matthews N, Vance A, Cummins TDR, Wagner J, Con- Mullins RJ, Clark S, Wiley V, Eyles D, Camargo Jr CA (2012) nolly A, Yamada J, Lockhart PJ, Panwar A, Wallace RH, Molenberghs P, Cunnington R, Mattingley JB (2012) Neonatal vitamin D status and childhood peanut allergy: Bellgrove MA (2012) The COMT Val158 allele is associated Liu H, Guo X, Wu J, , Ying Y (2013) Develop- Brain regions with mirror properties: a meta-analysis of a pilot study. Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Chen G-B with impaired delayed-match-to-sample performance in ment of universal genetic markers based on single-copy 125 human fMRI studies. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral 109: 324–328 epub 2012 doi:10.1016/j.anai.2012.07.009 ADHD. Behavioral Brain Functions 8: 25 orthologous (COSII) genes in Poaceae. Plant Cell Reports Reviews 36: 341–349 epub 2011 print 2012 32: 379-388 epub 2012 print 2013 1.Murray Murray CJ, CJ, Vos Vos T, T,Lozano Lozano R, R, Naghavi Naghavi M, M, Flaxman Flaxman A D,AD, McAuley EZ, Scimone A, Tiwari Y, Agahi G, Mowry BJ, Hol- Molenberghs P, Halasz V, Mattingley JB, Vanman EJ, Michaud C, Ezzati M, Shibuya K, Salomon JA, Abdalla S, liday EG, Donald JA, Weickert CS, Mitchell PB, Schofield PR, Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboy- Cunnington R (2012) Seeing is believing: neural mecha- Aboyans V, Abraham J, Ackerman I, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, Fullerton JM (2012) Identification of sialyltransferase 8B as ans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, Alvarado M, nisms of action-perception are biased by team member- Ali MK, Alvarado M, Anderson HR, Anderson LM, Andrews a generalized susceptibility gene for psychotic and mood Anderson HR, Anderson LM, Andrews KG, Atkinson C, Bad- ship. Human Brain Mapping epub 2012 doi:10.1002/ KG, Atkinson, C, Baddour LM, Bahalim AN, Barker-Collo disorders on chromosome 15q25-26. PLoS ONE 7: e38172 dour LM, Barker-Collo S, Bartels DH, Bell ML, Benjamin EJ, hbm.22044 S, Barrero LH, Bartels DH, Basanez M-G, Baxter A, Bell ML, Bennett D, Bhalla K, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A, Birbeck G, Benjamin EJ, Bennett D, Bernabe E, Bhalla K, Bhandari B, McGrath JJ (2012) The early intervention debate provides Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A, Birbeck G, Black JA, Blencowe Blyth F, Bolliger I, Boufous S, Bucello C, Burch M, Burney P, Molenberghs P, Hayward L, Mattingley JB, Cunnington a distraction from another ‘unspeakable truth’. Australian H, Blore JD, Blyth F, Bolliger I, Bonaventure A, Boufous S, Carapetis J, Chen H, Chou D, Chugh SS, Coffeng LE, Colan R (2012) Activation patterns during action observation are and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 46: 681-682 Bourne R, Boussinesq M, Braithwaite T, Brayne C, Bridgett SD, Colquhoun S, Colson KE, Condon J, Connor MD, Coo- modulated by context in mirror system areas. NeuroIm- L, Brooker S, Brooks P, Brugha,TS, Bryan-Hancock C, per LT, Corriere M, Cortinovis M, de Vaccaro KC, Couser W, age 59: 608-615 epub 2011 print 2012 Cowie BC, Criqui MH, Cross M, Dabhadkar KC, Dahodwala Bucello C, Buchbinder R, Buckle, G Budke

RECOGNITION 79 Publications

CM, Burch M, Burney P, Burstein R, Calabria B, Campbell adult mouse brain. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and phylogenetics reveal a new diploid species from Africa in J, Steinberg S, Grabe HJ, Lichtenstein P, Magnusson P, B, Canter CE, Carabin H, Carapetis J, Carmona L, Cella Frontotemporal Degeneration epub 2012 doi:10.3109/2167 the baobab genus Adansonia (Malvaceae: Bombacoideae). Perlis RH, Preisig M, Smoller JW, Stefansson K, Uher R, C, Charlson F, Chen H, Cheng AT-A, Chou, D, Chugh SS, 8421.2012.734520 Taxon 61: 1240-1250 Kutalik Z, Tansey KE, Teumer A, Viktorin A, Barnes MR, Coffeng LE, Colan SD, Colquhoun S, Colson KE, Condon Bettecken T, Binder EB, Breuer R, Castro VM, Churchill SE, J, Conno, MD, Cooper LT, Corriere M, Cortinovis M, de Ng KB, Bradley AP, Cunnington R (2012) Stimulus Piper M, Beneyto M, Burne TH, Eyles DW, Lewis DA, Coryell WH, Craddock N, Craig IW, Czamara D, De Geus Vaccaro KC, Couser W, Cowie BC, Criqui MH, Cross M, specificity of a steady-state visual-evoked potential-based McGrath JJ (2012) The neurodevelopmental hypothesis EJ, Degenhardt F, Farmer AE, Fava M, Frank J, Gainer VS, Dabhadkar KC, Dahiya M, Dahodwala N, Damsere-Derry brain-computer interface. Journal of Neural Engineering of schizophrenia: convergent clues from epidemiology Gallagher PJ, Gordon SD, Goryachev S, Gross M, Guipponi J, Danaei G, Davis A, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Dellavalle 9: 036008 and neuropathology. Psychiatric Clinics of North America M, Henders AK, Herms S, Hickie IB, Hoefels S, Hoogendijk R, Delossantos A, Denenberg J, Derrett S, Des Jarlais DC, 35: 571-584 W, Hottenga JJ, Iosifescu DV, Ising M, Jones I, Jones L, Dharmaratne SD, Dherani M, Diaz-Torne C, Dolk H, Dorsey Jung-Ying T, Knowles JA, Kohane IS, Kohli MA, Korszun Ngo ST, Cole RN, Sunn N, Phillips WD, Noakes PG (2012) ER, Driscoll T, Duber H, Ebel B, Edmond K, Elbaz A, Ali A, Landen M, Lawson WB, Lewis G, Macintyre D, Maier Neuregulin-1 potentiates agrin-induced acetylcholine Plachez C, Cato K, McLeay RC, Heng YHE, Bailey TL, SE, Erskine H, Erwin PJ, Espindola P, Ewoigbokhan SE, W, Mattheisen M, McGrath PJ, McIntosh A, McLean A, receptor clustering via muscle specific kinase phosphory- Gronostasjki RM, Richards LJ, Puche AC, Piper M (2012) Farzadfar F, Feigin V, Felson DT, Ferrari A, Ferri CP, Fèvre Middeldorp CM, Middleton L, Montgomery GM, Murphy lation. Journal of Cell Science 125: 1531-1543 Expression of nuclear factor one A and -B in the olfactory EM, Finucane MM, Flaxman S, Flood L, Foreman K, Forou- SN, Nauck M, Nolen WA, Nyholt DR, O’Donovan M, bulb. Journal of Comparative Neurology 520: 3135-3149 zanfar MH, Fowkes FGR, Fransen M, Freeman MK, Gabbe Oskarsson H, Pedersen N, Scheftner WA, Schulz A, Schulze BJ, Gabriel SE, Gakidou E, Ganatra HA, Garcia B, Gaspari Nguyen TH, Maucort G, Sullivan RKP, Schenning TG, Shyn SI, Sigurdsson E, Slager SL, Smit JH, et al (2012) F, Gillum RF, Gmel G, Gonzalez-Medina D, Gosselin R, M, Lavidis NA, McCluskey A, Robinson PJ, Meunier FA Powell JE, Henders AK, McRae AF, Caracella A, Smith S, A mega-analysis of genome-wide association studies for Grainger R, Grant B, Groeger J, Guillemin F, Gunnell D, (2012) Actin- and dynamin-dependent maturation of bulk Wright MJ, Whitfield JB, Dermitzakis ET, Martin NG, Viss- major depressive disorder. Molecular Psychiatry epub 2012 Gupta R, Haagsma J, Hagan H, Halasa YA, Hall W, Haring endocytosis restores neurotransmission following synaptic cher PM, Montgomery GW (2012) The Brisbane systems doi:10.1038/mp.2012.21 D, Haro JM, Harrison JE, Havmoeller R, Hay RJ, Higashi depletion. PLoS ONE 7: e36913 genetics study: genetical genomics meets complex trait genetics. PLoS ONE 7: e35430 H, Hill C, Hoen B, Hoffman H, Hotez PJ, Hoy D, Huang JJ, Roberts NW, Marshall NJ, Cronin TW (2012) High levels of Ibeanusi SE, Jacobsen KH, James SL, Jarvis, D, Jasrasaria R, Ocampo B, Painter DR, Kritikos A (2012) Event coding reflectivity and pointillist structural color in fish, cephalo- Jayaraman S, Johns N, Jonas JB, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum and motor priming: how attentional modulation may Price MC, Mattingley JB (2012) Automaticity in sequence- pods, and beetles. Proceedings of the National Academy N, Kawakami N, Keren A, Khoo JP, King CH, Knowlton LM, influence binding across action properties. Experimental space synaesthesia: a critical appraisal of the evidence. of Sciences of the USA 109: E3387 [Letter] Kobusingye O, Koranteng A, Krishnamurthi R, Laden F, Brain Research 219: 139-150 Cortex epub 2012 doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2012.10.013 Lalloo R, Laslett LL, Lathlean T, Leasher JL, Lee YY, Leigh Rosa MGP, Angelucci A, Jeffs J,Pettigrew JD (2012) The J, Levinson D, Lim SS, Limb E, Lin JK, Lipnick M, Lipshultz Okkels N, Vernal DL, Jensen SO, McGrath JJ, Nielsen Prowse AB, Chong F, Elliott DA, Elefanty AG, Stanley case for a dorsomedial area in the primate ‘third-tier’ SE, Liu W, Loane M, Ohno SL, Lyons R, Mabweijano J, RE (2013) Changes in the diagnosed incidence of early EG, Gray PP, Munro TP, Osborne GW (2012) Analysis of visual cortex. Proceedings of the Royal Society B - Biologi- MacIntyre MF, Malekzadeh R, Mallinger L, Manivannan onset schizophrenia over four decades. Acta Psychiatrica mitochondrial function and localisation during human cal Sciences 280: 1-4 S, Marcenes W, March L, Margoli, DJ, Marks GB, Marks Scandinavica 127: 62-68 epub 2012 print 2013 embryonic stem cell differentiation In Vitro. PLoS ONE 7: R, Matsumori A, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi BM, McAnulty e52214 Rupasinghe DB, Knapp O, Blomster LV, Schmid AB, Adams JH, McDermott MM, McGill N, McGrath J et al. (2013) Oluich LJ, Stratton JA, Lulu Xing Y, Ng SW, Cate HS, Sah Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and DJ, King GF, Ruitenberg MJ (2012) Localization of Naᵥ1.7 P, Windels F, Kilpatrick TJ, Merson TD (2012) Targeted Ragan C, Mowry BJ, Bauer DC (2012) Hybridization- in the normal and injured rodent olfactory system indi- injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis ablation of oligodendrocytes induces axonal pathology based reconstruction of small non-coding RNA transcripts for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380: cates a critical role in olfaction, pheromone sensing and independent of overt demyelination. Journal of Neurosci- from deep sequencing data. Nucleic Acids Research 40: immune function. Channels 6: 103-110 2197-2223 epub 2012 print 2013 ence 32: 8317-8330 7633–7643 Saha S, McGrath J (2012) Advanced paternal age and Nandam LS, Hester R, Wagner J, Dean AJ, Messer C, Paulk A, Millard SS, van Swinderen B (2013) Vision in Rao L-L, Li S, Jiang T, Zhou Y (2012) Is payoff necessarily Honeysett A, Nathan PJ, Bellgrove MA (2013) Dopamine impaired childhood cognitive development. Pediatrics Drosophila: seeing the world through a models eyes. weighted by probability when making a risky choice? International 54: 314 [Letter to the Editor] D2 receptor modulation of human response inhibition and Annual Review of Entomology 58: 313-332 epub 2012 print Evidence from functional connectivity analysis. PLoS ONE error awareness. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 25: 2013 7: e41048 649-656 epub 2012 print 2013 Saha S, Scott J, Varghese D, McGrath J (2012) Social support and delusional-like experiences: a nationwide Pelekanos RA, Li J, Gongora M, Chandrakanthan V, Scown Reyes S, Fu Y, Double KL, Cottam V, Thompson LH, Kirik Napier IA, Klimis H, Rycroft BK, Jin AH, Alewood PF, Motin population-based study. Epidemiology and Psychiatric J, Suhaimi N, Brooke G, Christensen ME, Doan T, Rice D, Paxinos G, Watson C, Cooper HM, Halliday GM (2013) Sciences 21: 203-212 L, Adams DJ, Christie MJ (2012) Intrathecal α-conotoxins AM, Osborne GW, Grimmond SM, Harvey RP, Atkinson Trophic factors differentiate dopamine neurons vulnerable Vc1.1, AuIB and MII acting on distinct nicotinic receptor K, Little MH (2012) Comprehensive transcriptome and to Parkinson’s disease. Neurobiology of Aging 34: 873-886 Saha S, Scott J, Varghese D, (2012) Anxiety and subtypes reverse signs of neuropathic pain. Neurophar- immunophenotype analysis of renal and cardiac MSC-like epub 2012 print 2013 McGrath J depressive disorders are associated with delusional-like macology 62: 2202-2207 populations supports strong congruence with bone mar- experiences: a replication study based on a National Sur- row MSC despite maintenance of distinct identities. Stem Ripke S, Wray NR, Lewis CM, Hamilton SP, Weissman MM, vey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. BMJ Open 2: e001001 Narayanan RK, Mangelsdorf M, Panwar A, Butler Cell Research 8: 58-73 epub 2011 print 2012 Breen G, Byrne EM, Blackwood DH, Boomsma DI, Cichon TJ, Noakes PG, Wallace RH (2012) Identification of RNA S, Heath AC, Holsboer F, Lucae S, Madden PA, Martin NG, 43 bound to the TDP- ribonucleoprotein complex in the Pettigrew J, Bell KL, Bhagwandin A, Grinan E, Grinan McGuffin P, Muglia P, Noethen MM, Penninx BP, Pergadia E, Ngalla J (2012) Morphology, ploidy and molecular ML, Potash JB, Rietschel M, Lin D, Müller-Myhsok B, Shi

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Salomon JA, Vos T, Hogan DR, Gagnon M, Naghavi M, Shekarabi M, Moldrich RX, Rasheed S, Salin-Cantegrel Stratton P, Cheung A, Wiles J, Kiyatkin E, Sah P, Windels Travis SL, Mattingley JB, Dux PE (2013) On the role of Mokdad A, Begum N, Shah R, Karyana M, Kosen S, Farje A, Laganière J, Rochefort D, Hince P, Huot K, Gaudet R, F (2012) Action potential waveform variability limits working memory in spatial contextual cueing. Journal of MR, Moncada G, Dutta A, Sazawal S, Dyer A, Seiler J, Kurniawan N, Sotocinal SG, Ritchie J, Dion PA, Mogil JS, multi-unit separation in freely behaving rats. PLoS ONE Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni- Aboyans V, Baker L, Baxter A, Benjamin EJ, Bhalla K, Bin Richards LJ, Rouleau GA (2012) Loss of neuronal potas- 7: e38482 tion 29: 208-219 epub 2012 print 2013 Abdulhak A, Blyth F, Bourne R, Braithwaite T, Brooks P, sium/chloride cotransporter 3 (KCC3) is responsible for the Brugha TS, Bryan-Hancock C, Buchbinder R, Burney P, degenerative phenotype in a conditional mouse model of Suárez R, García-González D, de Castro F (2012) Mutual Turner KM, Young JW, McGrath JJ, Eyles DW, Burne THJ Calabria B, Chen H, Chugh SS, Cooley R, Criqui MH, Cross hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy associated with influences between the main olfactory and vomeronasal (2013) Cognitive performance and response inhibition in M, Dabhadkar KC, Dahodwala N, Davis A, Degenhardt L, agenesis of the corpus callosum. Journal of Neuroscience systems in development and evolution. Frontiers in developmentally vitamin D (DVD)-deficient rats. Behav- Díaz-Torné C, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Edmond K, Elbaz A, 32: 3865-3876 Neuroanatomy 6: 50 ioural Brain Research 242: 47-53 epub 2012 print 2013 Ezzati M, Feigin V, Ferri CP, Flaxman AD, Flood L, Fransen M, Fuse K, Gabbe BJ, Gillum RF, Haagsma J, Harrison JE, Simpson HD, Kita EM, Scott EK, Goodhill GJ (2013) A Sullivan SM, Sullivan RKP, Miller SM, Ireland Z, Björkman Ullmann JF, Keller MD, Watson C, Janke AL, Kurniawan ND, Havmoeller R, Hay RJ, Hel-Baqui A, Hoek HW, Hoffman quantitative analysis of branching, growth cone turning ST, Pow DV, Colditz PB (2012) Phosphorylation of GFAP is Yang Z, Richards K, Paxinos G, Egan GF, Petrou S, Bartlett H, Hogeland E, Hoy D, Jarvis D, Karthikeyan G, Knowlton and directed growth in zebrafish retinotectal axon guid- associated with injury in the neonatal pig hypoxic-isch- P, Galloway GJ, Reutens DC (2012) Segmentation of the LM, Lathlean T, Leasher JL, Lim SS, Lipshultz SE, Lopez AD, ance. Journal of Comparative Neurology 1409-1429 epub aemic brain. Neurochemical Research 37: 2364–2378 C57BL/6J mouse cerebellum in magnetic resonance im- Lozano R, Lyons R, Malekzadeh R, Marcenes W, March L, 2012 print 2013 ages. NeuroImage 62: 1408–1414 Margolis DJ, McGill N, McGrath J, et al. (2013) Common values in assessing health outcomes from disease and in- Surakka I, Whitfield JB, Perola M, Visscher PM, Montgom- Skeldal S, Matusica D, Nykjaer A, Coulson EJ (2012) jury: disability weights measurement study for the Global ery GW, Falchi M, Willemsen G, de Geus EJ, Magnusson Unni DK, Piper M, Moldrich RX, Gobius I, Liu S, Proteolytic processing of the p75 neurotrophin receptor: Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380: 2129-2143 epub PK, Christensen K, Sorensen TI, Pietilainen KH, Rantanen Fothergill T, Donahoo AL, Baisden JM, Cooper HM, a prerequisite for signalling? Bioessays 33: 614–625 epub 2012 print 2013 T, Silander K, Widen E, Muilu J, Rahman I, Liljedahl U, Richards LJ (2012) Multiple Slits regulate the develop- 2011 print 2012 Syvanen AC, Palotie A, Kaprio J, Kyvik KO, Pedersen NL, ment of midline glial populations and the corpus callosum. Boomsma DI, Spector T, Martin NG, Ripatti S, Peltonen L Developmental Biology 365: 36-49 Schlipalius DI, Valmas N, Tuck AG, Jagadeesan R, Ma L, Skeldal S, Sykes AM, Glerup S, Matusica D, Palstra (2012) A genome-wide association study of monozygotic Kaur R, Goldinger A, Anderson C, Kuang J, Zuryn S, Mau N, Autio H, Boskovic Z, Madsen P, Castrén E, Nykjaer twin-pairs suggests a locus related to variability of serum YS, Cheng Q, Collins PJ, Nayak MK, Schirra HJ, Hilliard van der Harst P, Zhang W, Mateo Leach I, Rendon A, A, Coulson EJ (2012) Mapping of the interaction site be- high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Twin Research and , Ebert PR (2012) A core metabolic enzyme mediates Verweij N, Sehmi J, Paul, DS, Elling U, Allayee H, Li X, MA tween sortilin and the p75 neurotrophin receptor reveals a Human Genetics 15: 691–699 resistance to phosphine gas. Science 338: 807-810 Radhakrishnan A, Tan S-T, Voss K, Weichenberger CX, regulatory role for the sortilin intracellular domain in p75 Albers CA, Al-Hussani A, Asselbergs FW, Ciullo M, Danjou neurotrophin receptor shedding and apoptosis. Journal of Sykes AM, Palstra N, Abankwa D, Hill JM, Skeldal F, Dina C, Esko T, Evans D M, Franke L, Gögele M, Hartiala Schonrock N, Götz J (2012) Decoding the non-coding Biological Chemistry 287: 43798-43809 S, Matusica D, Venkatraman P, Hancock JF, Coulson J, Hersch M, Holm H, Hottenga J-J, Kanoni S, Kleber RNAs in Alzheimer’s disease. Cellular and Molecular Life EJ (2012) The effects of transmembrane sequence and ME, Lagou V, Langenberg C, Lopez LM, Lyytikäinen L-P, Sciences 69: 3543-3559 Song M, Jiang T (2012) A review of functional magnetic dimerization on cleavage of the p75 neurotrophin recep- Melander O, Murgia F, Nolte IM, O'Reilly PF, Padmanabhan resonance imaging for Brainnetome. Neuroscience Bul- tor by γ-secretase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 287: S, Parsa A, Pirastu N, Porcu E, Portas L, Prokopenko I, Ried Schuck PF, de Assis DR, Viegas CM, Brandão Pereira TC, letin 28: 389-398 43810-43824 JS, Shin S-Y, Tang CS, Teumer A, Traglia M, Ulivi S, Westra Machado JL, Furlanetto CB, Bogo MR, Streck EL, Ferreira H-J, Yang J, Hua Zhao J, Anni F, Abdellaoui A, Attwood A, GC (2013) Ethylmalonic acid modulates Na+, K+-ATPase Spadaro PA, Bredy TW (2012) Emerging role of non- Talbot C, Jordan TM, Roberts NW, Collin SP, Marshall Balkau B, Bandinelli S, Bastardot F, Benyamin B, Boehm activity and mRNA levels in rat cerebral cortex. Synapse coding RNA in neural plasticity, cognitive function, and NJ, Temple SE (2012) Corneal microprojections in coleoid BO, Cookson WO, Das D, de Bakker PIW, de Boer RA, de 67: 111-117 epub 2012 print 2013 neuropsychiatric disorders. Frontiers in Genetics 3: 132 cephalopods. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 198: Geus EJC, de Moor MH, Dimitriou M, Domingues FS, 849-856 Döring A, Engström G, Ingi Eyjolfsson G, Ferrucci L, Fischer Shan Q, Han L, Lynch JW (2012) Function of hyperek- K, Galanello R, Garner SF, Genser B, Gibson QD, Girotto Spampanato J, Sullivan RK, Turpin FR, Bartlett PF, Sah plexia-causing 1R271Q/L glycine receptors is restored by G, Fannar Gudbjartsson D, Harris SE, Hartikainen A-L, ɑ P (2012) Properties of doublecortin expressing neurons in Temple SE, Pignatelli V, Cook T, How MJ, Chiou T-H, shifting the affected residue out of the allosteric signaling Hastie CE, Hedblad B, Illig T, Jolley J, Kähönen M, Kema the adult mouse dentate gyrus. PLoS ONE 7: e41029 Roberts NW, Marshall NJ (2012) High-resolution polarisa- pathway. British Journal of Pharmacology 165: 2113–2123 IP, Kemp JP, Liang L, Lloyd-Jones H, Loos RJF, Meacham S, tion vision in a cuttlefish. Current Biology 22: R121-R122 epub 2011 print 2012 Medland SE, Meisinger C, Memari Y, Mihailov E, MillerK, [Correspondence] Stergiakouli E, Hamshere M, Holmans P, Langley K, Moffatt MF, Nauck M, Novatchkova M, Nutile T, Olafsson I, Zaharieva I, Hawi Z, Kent L, Gill M, Williams N, Owen Shan Q, Han L, Lynch JW (2012) Distinct properties of Onundarson PT, Parracciani D, Penninx BW, Perseu L, Piga MJ, O’Donovan M, Thapar A (2012) Investigating the Tey L-S, Wallis G, Cloete S, Ferreira L (2013) Modelling glycine receptor +/ - interface: unambiguously charac- A, Pistis G, Pouta A, Puc U, Raitakari O, Ring SM, Robino A, β α contribution of common genetic variants to the risk and driver behaviour towards innovative warning devices at terizing heteromeric interface reconstituted in homomeric Ruggiero D, Ruokonen A, Saint-Pierre A, Sala C, Salumets pathogenesis of ADHD. American Journal of Psychiatry railway level crossings. Accident Analysis and Prevention protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry 287: 21244-21252 A, Sambrook J, Schepers H, Oliver Schmidt C, Silljé HHW, 169: 186-194 epub 2011 print 2012 51C: 104-11 epub 2012 print 2013 Sladek R, Smit JH Starr JM, Stephens J, Sulem P, Tanaka T, Thorsteinsdottir U, Tragante V, van Gilst WH, Joost van Shan Q, Lynch JW (2012) Incompatibility between a pair Stewart N, Simpson S, Jr., van der Mei I, Ponsonby AL, Bliz- Tolppanen A-M, Sayers A, Fraser WD, Lewis G, Zammit S, Pelt L, van Veldhuisen DJ, Völker U, Whitfield JB, Willemsen of residues from the pre-M1 linker and Cys-loop blocks zard L, Dwyer T, Pittas F, Eyles D, Ko P, Taylor BV (2012) McGrath J, Lawlor DA (2012) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin G, Winkelmann BR, Wirnsberger G, Algra A, Cucca, F, surface expression of the glycine receptor. 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RECOGNITION 81 Publications

Fortina P, Froguel P, Gasparini P, Greinacher A, Hazen SL, JD, Blyth F, Bolliger I, Bonaventure A, Boufous S, Bourne R, Walker TL, Vukovic J, Koudijs MM, Blackmore H., Gallinat, J., Heinz, A., Ittermann, B., Mann, K., Martinot, Jarvelin M-R, Tee Khaw K, Lehtimäki T, Maerz W, Martin Boussinesq M, Braithwaite T, Brayne C, Bridgett L, Brooker DG, Mackay EW, Sykes AM, Overall RW, Hamlin AS, J.-L., Lalor, E. C., Lathrop, M., Loth, E., Nees, F., Paus, T., NG, Metspalu A, Mitchell BD, Montgomery GW, Moore C, S, Brooks P, Brugha TS, Bryan-Hancock C, Bucello C, Buch- Bartlett PF (2012) Prolactin stimulates precursor cells in Rietschel, M., Smolka, M. N., Spanagel, R., Stephens, D. N., Navis G, Pirastu M, Pramstaller PP, Ramirez-Solis R, Schadt binder R, Buckle G, Budke CM, Burch M, Burney P, Burstein the adult mouse hippocampus. PLoS ONE 7: e44371 Struve, M., Thyreau, B., Vollstaedt-Klein, S., Robbins, T. W., E, Scott J, Shuldiner AR, Davey Smith G, Gustav Smith J, R, Calabria B, Campbell B, Canter CE, Carabin H, Carapetis Schumann, G. & Garavan, H. and the IMAGEN Consortium Snieder H, Sorice R, Spector TD, Stefansson K, Stumvoll M, J, Carmona L, Cella C, Charlson F, Chen H, Cheng AT-A, Wang J, Fan L, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Yu C, (2012) Adolescent impulsivity phenotypes characterized by Wilson Tang WH, Toniolo D, Tönjes A, Visscher, PM, et al. Chou D, Chugh SS, Coffeng L E, Colan SD, Colquhoun S, Jiang T (2012) Tractography-based parcellation of the hu- distinct brain networks. Nature Neuroscience 15: 920–925 (2012) Seventy-five genetic loci influencing the human red Colson KE, Condon J, Connor MD, Cooper LT, Corriere M, man left inferior parietal lobule. NeuroImage 63: 641-652 blood cell. Nature 242: 369-375 Cortinovis M, de Vaccaro KC, Couser W, Cowie B C, Criqui Whitford TJ, Wood SJ, Yung A, Cocchi L, Berger G, MH, Cross, M, Dabhadkar, K C, Dahiya, M, Dahodwala, N, Wang Q, Lynch JW (2012) A comparison of glycine - and Shenton ME, Kubicki M, Phillips L, Velakoulis D, Yolken Damsere-Derry, J, Danaei, G, Davis, A De Leo D, Degen- van Swinderen B (2012) Competing visual flicker reveals ivermectin-mediated conformational changes in the RH, Pantelis C, McGorry P, Amminger GP (2012) Structural hardt L, Dellavalle R, Delossantos A, Denenberg J, Derrett attention-like rivalry in the fly brain. Frontiers in Integra- glycine receptor ligand-binding domain. The International abnormalities in the cuneus associated with Herpes Sim- S, Des Jarlais DC, Dharmaratne SD, Dherani M, Diaz-Torne tive Neuroscience 6: 1-12 Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 44: 335-340 epub plex Virus (type 1) infection in people at ultra high risk of C, Dolk H, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Duber H, Ebel B, Edmond 2011 print 2012 developing psychosis. Schizophrenia Research 135: 175-180 K, Elbaz A, Ali SE, Erskine H, Erwin PJ, Espindola P, Vaney DI, Sivyer B, Taylor WR (2012) Direction selectivity Ewoigbokhan SE, Farzadfar F, Feigin V, Felson DT, Ferrari in the retina: symmetry and asymmetry in structure and Williams NM, Franke B, Mick E, Anney RJL, Freitag CM, Gill A, Ferri CP, Févre EM, Finucane MM, Flaxman S, Flood Wang Q, Su T-P, Zhou Y, Chou K-H, Chen I-Y, Jiang T, Lin function. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 13: 194-208 M, Thapar A, O’Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Holmans P, Kent L, Foreman K, Forouzanfar MH, Fowkes FGR, Franklin R, C-P (2012) Anatomical insights into disrupted small-world L, Middleton F, Zhang-James Y, Liu L, Meyer J, Nguyen Fransen M, Freeman MK, Gabbe BJ, Gabriel SE, Gakidou networks in schizophrenia. NeuroImage 59: 1085-1093 TT, Romanos J, Romanos M, Seitz C, Renner TJ, Walitza S, Varghese D, Wray NR, Scott JG, Williams GM, Najman E, Ganatra HA, Garcia B, Gaspari F, Gillum RF, Gmel G, epub 2011 print 2012 Warnke A, Palmason H, Buitelaar J, Rommelse N, Vasquez JM, McGrath JJ (2013) The heritability of delusional-like Gosselin R, Grainger R, Groeger J, Guillemin F, Gunnell D, AA, Hawi Z, Langley K, Sergeant J, Steinhausen H-C, experiences. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 127: 48-52 Gupta R, Haagsma J, Hagan H, Halasa YA, Hall W, Haring Wang X-W, Zhao Q-Y, Luan J-B, Wang Y-J, Yan G-H, Liu Roeyers H, Biederman J, Zaharieva I, Hakonarson H, Elia J, epub 2012 print 2013 D, Haro JM, Harrison JE, Havmoeller R, Hay R J, Higashi S-S (2012) Analysis of a native whitefly transcriptome and Lionel AC, Crosbie J, Marshall CR, Schachar R, Scherer SW, H, Hill C, Hoen B, Hoffman H, Hotez PJ, Hoy D, Huang JJ, its sequence divergence with two invasive whitefly species. Todorov A, Smalley SL, Loo S, Nelson S, Shtir C, Asherson Verweij KJ, Vinkhuyzen AAE, Benyamin B, Lynskey MT, Ibeanusi SE, Jacobsen KH, James SL, Jarvis D, Jasrasaria R, BMC Genomics 13: 529 P, Reif A, Lesch K-P, Faraone SV (2012) Genome-wide analy- Quaye L, Agrawal A, Gordon SD, Montgomery GW, Mad- Jayaraman S, Johns N, Jonas JB, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum sis of copy number variants in attention deficit hyperactiv- den PA, Heath AC, Spector TD, Martin NG, Medland SE N, Kawakami N, Keren A, Khoo J-P, King CH, Knowlton Webb BT, Guo A-Y, Maher BS, Zhao Z, van den Oord EJ, ity disorder: the role of rare variants and duplications at (2012) The genetic aetiology of cannabis use initiation: a LM, Kobusingye O, Koranteng A, Krishnamurthi R, Lalloo Kendler KS, Riley BP, Gillespie NA, Prescott CA, Middeldorp 15q13.3. American Journal of Psychiatry 169: 195-204 epub meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies and a R, Laslett LL, Lathlean T, Leasher, JL, Lee YY, Leigh J, Lim CM, Willemsen G, de Geus EJC, Hottenga J-J, Boomsma 2011 print 2012 SNP-based heritability estimation. Addiction Biology epub SS, Limb E, Lin JK, Lipnick M, Lipshultz SE, Liu W, Loane DI, Slagboom EP, Wray NR, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, 2012 doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00478.x M, Ohno SL, Lyons R, Ma J, Mabweijano J, MacIntyre MF, Wright MJ, Heath AC, Madden PA, Gelernter J, Knowles Witte JS, (2012) Reclassify controls at your Malekzadeh R, Mallinger L, Manivannan S, Marcenes W, JA, Hamilton SP, Weissman MM, Fyer AJ, Huezo-Diaz P, Visscher PM own risk. Epidemiology 23: 910-911 Vinkhuyzen AAE, Pedersen NL, Yang J, Lee SH, Magnus- March L, Margolis DJ, Marks GB, Marks R, Matsumori A, McGuffin P, Farmer A, Craig IW, Lewis C, Sham P, Crowe RR, son PKE, Iacono WG, McGue M, Madden PAF, Heath AC, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi BM, McAnulty JH, McDermott MM, Flint J, Hettema JM (2012) Meta-analyses of genome-wide Luciano M, Payton A, Horan M, Ollier W, Pendleton N, McGill N, McGrath J, et al.(2012) Years lived with disability linkage scans of anxiety-related phenotypes. European Wong Y, Cooper HM, Zhang K, Chen M, Bartlett Deary IJ, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Visscher PM, (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries Journal of Human Genetics 20: 1078–1084 P, Xu ZP (2012) Efficiency of layered double hydroxide Wray NR (2012) Common SNPs explain some of the varia- 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of nanoparticle-mediated delivery of siRNA is determined by nucleotide sequence. 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Publications

Wu W, Moreno AM, Tangen JM, Reinhard J (2013) Kathiresan S, Jolley JD, Ripatti S, Jarvelin M-R, de Geus EJC, Zuo N, Cheng J, Jiang T (2012) Diffusion magnetic Wen PJ, Osborne SL, Meunier FA (2012) Phosphoinositi- Honeybees can discriminate between Monet and Picasso Boomsma DI, Penninx B, Wilson JF, Campbell H, Chanock resonance imaging for Brainnetome: a critical review. des in neuroexocytosis and neuronal diseases. Current paintings. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 199: 45-55 SJ, van der Harst P, Hamsten A, Watkins H, Hofman A, Neuroscience Bulletin 28: 375-388 Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ed. Falasca, M, epub 2012 print 2013 Witteman JC, Carola Zillikens M, Uitterlinden AG, Rivad- 87-98 Springer, Netherland eneira F, Carola Zillikens M, Kiemeney LA, Vermeulen SH, Zuo N, Fang J, Lv X, Zhou Y, Hong Y, Li T, Tong H, Wang Wueringer BE, Squire L, Jr., Kajiura SM, Hart NS, Collin SP Abecasis GR, Schlessinger D, Schipf S, Stumvoll M, Tonjes X, Wang W, Jiang T (2012) White matter abnormalities (2012) The function of the sawfish’s saw. Current Biology A, Spector TD, North KE, Lettre G, McCarthy MI, Berndt in major depression: a tract-based spatial statistics and Conference Proceedings 22: R150-R151 [Correspondence] SI, Heath AC, Madden PAF, Nyholt DR, Montgomery GW, rumination study. PLoS ONE 7: e37561 Martin NG, McKnight B, Strachan DP, Hill WG, Snieder H, Hayes IJ, Colvin RJ. (2012). Integrated operational Ridker PM, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Frayling TM, Wueringer BE, Squire LSJ, Kajiura SM, Tibbetts IR, Hart semantics: small-step, big-step and multi-step. In 3rd Hirschhorn JN, Goddard ME & Visscher, P M (2012) FTO Book Chapters NS, Collin SP (2012) Electric field detection in sawfish and International Conference on Abstract State Machines, genotype is associated with phenotypic variability of body shovelnose rays. PLoS ONE 7: e41605 21-35. Pisa, Italy mass index. Nature 490: 267–272 Belles X, Cristino AS, Tanaka ED, Rubio M, Piulachs M-D (2012). Insect microRNAs: from molecular mechanisms to Xu NL, Harnett MT, Williams SR, Huber D, O’Connor DH, Moore RJD, Thurrowgood S, Srinivasan MV. (2012). , Taran E, (2012) Stoichiometry biological roles. In Insect Molecular Biology and Biochem- Svoboda K, Magee JC (2012) Nonlinear dendritic integra- Yang Z Webb TI, Lynch JW Vision-only estimation of wind field strength and direction and subunit arrangement of 1 glycine receptors as istry, ed. L. I. Gilbert 30-56. Chapel Hill, NC: Elsevier tion of sensory and motor input during an active sensing α β from an aerial platform. In 2012 IEEE/RSJ International determined by atomic force microscopy. Biochemistry 51: task. Nature 492: 247–251 Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 4544-4549. 5229−5231 Cui X, Eyles DW, Burne THJ, McGrath JJ (2012). Vilamoura, Portugal Developmental vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for Yang J, Ferreira T, Morris AP, Medland SE, Consortium Zalesky A, , Fornito A, Murray MM, Bullmore E schizophrenia. In The Orinins of Schizophenia, eds. A. S. GIoATG, Madden PAF, Heath AC, Martin NG, Montgomery Cocchi L Ng KB, Cunnington R, Bradley AP. (2012). Enhancing (2012) Connectivity differences in brain networks. Neuro- Brown, P. H. Patterson, 282-299. New York, USA: Columbia GW, Weedon MN, Loos RJ, Frayling TM, McCarthy MI, the classification accuracy of steady-state visual evoked Image 60: 1055-1062 University Press Hirschhorn JN, Goddard ME, Visscher PM (2012) Condi- potential-based Brain-Computer interface using compo- tional and joint multiple-SNP analysis of GWAS summary nent synchrony measure. In 2012 IEEE World Congress on statistics identifies additional variants influencing complex Zhang Y, Lin L, Lin C-P, Zhou Y, Chou K-H, Lo C-Y, Su T-P, Reinhard J, Claudianos C (2012). Molecular insights into Computational Intelligence, 10-15. Brisbane, Australia traits. Nature Genetics 44: 369-375 Jiang T (2012) Abnormal topological organization of honey bee brain plasticity. In Honeybee Neurobiology structural brain networks in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia and Behavior, eds. G. C. Galizia, D. Eisenhardt, M. Giurfa, Research 141: 109-118 359-372. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer Yang J, Loos RJ, Powell JE, Medland SE, Speliotes EK, Chas- man DI, Rose LM, Thorleifsson G, Steinthorsdottir V, Magi R, Waite L, Vernon Smith A, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Monda Zhang Z, Liu Y, Jiang T, Zhou B, An N, Dai H, Wang P, Niu Lee JD, Lee JY, Taylor SM, Noakes PG, Woodruff TM (2012) KL, Hadley D, Mahajan A, Li G, Kapur K, Vitart V, Huffman Y, Wang L, Zhang X (2012) Altered spontaneous activity Innate immunity in ALS In: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, JE, Wang SR, Palmer C, Esko T, Fischer K, Hua Zhao,J, in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment ed. M. Maurer, 393-412. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech Demirkan A, Isaacs A, Feitosa MF, Luan J, Heard-Costa revealed by Regional Homogeneity. NeuroImage 59: NL, White C, Jackson AU, Preuss M Ziegler A, Eriksson 1429–1440 epub 2011 print 2012 Mortimer D, Simpson HD, Goodhill GJ (2012). Axonal J, Kutalik Z, Frau F, Nolte IM, Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, growth and targeting In Computational systems neuro- Hottenga J-J, Jacobs KB, Verweij N, Goel A, Medina-Gomez Zhao X, Liu Y, Wang X, Liu B, Xi Q, Guo Q, Jiang H, Jiang biology ed. N. L. Novère, 429-458 Dordrecht, Netherlands C, Estrada K, Lynn Bragg-Gresham J, Sanna S, Sidore C, T, Wang P (2012) Disrupted small-world brain networks in Springer. Tyrer J, Teumer A, Prokopenko I, Mangino M, Lindgren CM, moderate Alzheimer’s disease: a resting-state fMRI study. Assimes TL, Shuldiner AR, Hui, J, Beilby JP, McArdle WL, PLoS ONE 7: e33540 Piper M, Keynes RJ, Cook GMW. (2012). Axon guidance Hall P, Haritunians T, Zgaga L, Kolcic I, Polasek O, Zemunik In Encyclopedia of life sciences 1-8. London, United T, Oostra BA, Juhani Junttila M, Gronberg H, Schreiber S, Zhu Y, Li Z, Chen M, Cooper HM, Lu GQM, Xu ZP (2013) Kingdom: Wiley Peters A, Hicks AA, Stephens J, Foad NS, Laitinen J, Pouta One-pot preparation of highly fluorescent cadmium A, Kaakinen M, Willemsen G, Vink JM, Wild SH, Navis G, telluride/cadmium sulfide quantum dots under neutral-pH Srinivasan MV. (2012). Bee learning and communication Asselbergs FW, Homuth G, John U, Iribarren C, Harris T, condition for biological applications. Journal of Colloid In Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning ed. N. M. 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Boehnke M, Collins FS, Mohlke KL, Erdmann J, Schunkert Lahnau, Germany: Springer-Verlag/Wien H, Hengstenberg C, Stark K, Lorentzon M, Ohlsson C, Cusi D, Staessen JA, Van der Klauw MM, Pramstaller PP,

RECOGNITION 83 GRANTS

The following contains information on national Marshall J - New dimensions in colour and Human Frontier Science Program Project Grants and international competitive funding for both polarisation vision on The Great Barrier Reef, Human Frontier Science Program Long-term Götz J, Ittner, L - Selective vulnerabil- fellowships and research grants that received $962,000 including Distinguished Outstanding Researcher Award, 3 years Fellowship ity in Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders: funding starting in 2012; GST and other yearly mechanism of tau pathology, $1,026,728, 4 years increments are not included in the amounts Meunier F - The role of actin in driving bulk Giordano-Santini R - Neuronal identity and control [awarded 2011, transferred to QBI in 2012] endocytosis in neurons and neurosecretory cells, of neurite fusion during development, $225,900, shown. Internal grants or fellowships awarded by Bredy T - Exploring DNA methylation as a $378,000, 3 years 3 years The University of Queensland are not included mechanism for long-term memory for fear here. Reinhard J, Claudianos C - Plasticity in the extinction, $401,250, 3 years periphery: how sensory experience modulates the sense of smell, $310,000, 3 years Marie Curie Actions European Collins B, Teasdale, R, Coulson, E, King, G – Australian Government, Endosomal protein sorting and APP processing in Remington R, Mattingley J, Becker S, F - Cortical Commission Department of Industry, Innovation, Alzheimer’s disease, $180,625, 1 year [awarded to regulation of attentional capture $334,000, 3 years International Outgoing Fellowships and administered by UQ Institute for Molecular Climate Change, Science, Research and [awarded to and administered by UQ School of Bioscience] Psychology] Dupierrix E - Dynamic and plasticity of spatial Tertiary Education perception and attention neural processes, 4 years Cooper H - Neogenin: a molecular determinant of Visser T, Enns J, Cunnington R - Why being lost- Australia Awards 2012 - [awarded to and administered by CNRS] neural progenitor polarity and function, $549,366, in-thought can blind you: the effects of distractor 3 years Endeavour Executive Award processing on perception, $223,590, 3 years [awarded to UQ School of Psychology and currently Motor Neurone Disease Research Eyles D, Burne T, McGrath J - Developmental Zifarelli G – Endeavour Executive Award, administered by University of Western Australia]. vitamin D deficiency and prefrontal cortical $18,500, 1 year Institute of Australia Inc. dysfunction, $343,510, 3 years Linkage Project Inspiring Australia – Grant-in-Aid Mattingley J, Dux P, Molenberghs P - Efficacy of National Science Week Grants Lynch J, Sah P - New tools to activate and silence prism adaptation for recovery of brain function in Wallace R, Hilliard M - Analysis of TDP-43 target unilateral spatial neglect, $513,675, 3 years neural circuits, $458,933, 3 years genes in C. elegans, $93,000, 1 year Dean A (CoralWatch) - Corals at your Doorstep - Mattingley J, Riek S, Carroll T, Kamke M, Sale M - educating youth in South East Queensland about The role of attention in modifying neural plasticity corals in Moreton Bay, $10,780, 1 year Autism Queensland Inc. National Health and Medical Research in the adult human cortex, $378,510, 3 years Claudianos C - Validating the potential for a Council Piper M, Richard L, Boyd A, Bailey T - Nfib regulates Australian Research Council ‘Genome Analysis Tool’ for autism spectrum glial differentiation during development and disease disorders, $110,000, 1 year Training (Postdoctoral) Fellowship via repression of the key epigenetic protein, Ezh2, Future Fellowship Anggono V - NHMRC Training Fellowship (CJ Martin $553,675, 3 years Piper M - Transcriptional control of neural stem cell Boeing Defence Australia Overseas-based Biomedical): The role of stargazin Richards L - Molecular and activity-dependent differentiation during development and disease, and TARP phosphorylation in synaptic plasticity, mechanisms regulating the targeting of corpus Srinivasan M - Assessment and development of $684,422, 4 years [awarded to and administered by 4 years [awarded to Children’s Medical Research callosum axons in the contralateral hemisphere, bio-inspired guidance navigation and control (GNC) UQ School of Biomedical Sciences, Piper has a 50% Institute, Sydney, 2008, transferred to QBI in 2012] $399,263, 3 years SBMS, 50% QBI appointment] sensors, algorithms and solutions for unmanned aircraft systems, $65,000, 1 year Benyamin B - NHMRC Training Fellowship (Austra- Discovery Early Career Researcher Award lian-based Biomedical): Genome-wide association Program Grant studies of biomedical traits and endophenotypes Baumann O - The role of the human cerebellum in European Molecular Biology for complex disease, $285,000, 4 years [awarded to Halliday G, Götz J, Ittner L, Kril J, Hodges J, Kiernan perceptual processes, $375,000, 3 years Organization QIMR, 2009, transferred to QBI in 2012] M - Frontotemporal dementia and motor neurodegenerative syndromes, $11,011,390, 5 years [awarded Discovery Projects Long-term Fellowship Kozulin P - NHMRC Training Fellowship (CJ to and administered by the University of New South Martin Overseas-based Biomedical): Controlling Wales] Claudianos C, Reinhard J - Role of micro-RNAs in Matamelas M - Selective vulnerabil- the development and function of hindbrain learning and memory of insects, $285,000, 3 years ity in Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders: commissures in vertebrate animals: the role of Lynch J, Keramidas A - Understanding the Mechanism of tau pathology, ~$140,000, 2 years Robo3 receptor, $336,852, 4 years mechanisms of GABA type-A receptor activation and [awarded 2009, transferred to QBI in 2012] drug modulation, $285,000, 3 years Short-term Fellowship Osborne S - Role of PIKfyve in pre- and postsynaptic membrane trafficking in the central nervous system, $11,397 1 year

84 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Grants

Organization for Human Brain Mapping Li Y - Trainee Abstract Award for the 2012 OHBM Annual Meeting in Beijing, China, $700, 1 year

Queensland State Government Queensland International Fellowship Travel Award Meunier F - Deciphering the puzzle of molecular events underpinning neurotransmission using super-resolution microscopy, $21,000, 1 year PhD Top-up Scholarship Turner K – Smart Futures PhD top-up scholarship, $12,000, 3 years Queensland-Smithsonian Fellowship Program How M - Polarisation vision in fiddler crabs, $17,000, 1 year

UniQuest Pathfinders Osborne G – Slice and dice sorting software, $15,000, 1 year.

US Department of the Air Forces Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development Marshall J - Re-engineering the stomatopod eye, nature’s most comprehensive visual sensor, $284,793, 1 year

Above: Associate Professor Ross Cunnington observing a participant in the MRI scanner.

RECOGNITION 85 Neuroscience Seminars

The Queensland Brain Institute conducts a Dr Holly Bridge Professor Valsa Eapen Dr Christine Jasoni weekly seminar program giving neuroscientists Department of Clinical Neurology, Oxford Centre School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, New Zealand an opportunity to learn more about the latest for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tourette Syndrome: tracing the developmental You are what you your mother eats: effects of maternal scientific developments, often before research of the Brain, University of Oxford, UK trajectory from genes to behaviour diet on fetal hypothalamic circuitry development is published. The series is designed to challenge Investigating the ‘visual system’ in researchers in their thinking, promote excellence the absence of light input Professor Francois Feron Professor Graham Kerr through the exchange of ideas and lead to future Université Aix Marseille, France School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, collaborations. Associate Professor Deborah Brown Human nasal olfactory stem cells: a new subtype Queensland University of Technology School of History, Philosophy, Religion and of mesenchymal stem cells and a promising tool Freezing and shaking: understanding postural Classics, The University of Queensland for understanding and repairing the brain instability and gait disability in Parkinson’s disease Professor Kirill Alexandrov Free will, attention and other olde good things Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Associate Professor Cecilia Flores Professor Simon Laughlin Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada The University of Queensland Professor Alon Chen Cambridge Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK Netrin-1 receptors organize dopamine circuitry and may Three cornerstones of protein research: platform Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann What makes brains energy efficient? contribute to differential vulnerability to psychopathology technologies, enabling tools and new discoveries Institute of Science, Israel Dissecting the central stress response using site- Professor Joe Lynch Ms Clare Giacomantonio Mr Daniel Avesar specific genetic manipulation in adult mice Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA Developing drugs for chronic inflammatory pain Creating the cortex: mechanisms of cortical development Selective serotonergic modulation of Professor Stephanie Clarke cortical pyramidal neurons Medicine Department, Service of Neuropsychology and Ms Han Lu Neurorehabilitation, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland Ms Ilan Gobius Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland Professor James Bamburg Roaring lions and chirruping lemurs: how Investigating glycine receptor function and The role of commissural plate glia, Slit and FGF protein Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the brain codes sound objects in space structure using voltage-clamp fluorometry family members in forebrain commissure formation Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA ADF/cofilin in neuronal development and disease Associate Professor Helen Cooper Professor John McGrath Professor Geoffrey Goodhill Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland Queensland Brain Institute and Department of Queensland Brain Institute and School of Mathematics Associate Professor John Bekkers Neogenin controls neural stem cell structure and function Psychiatry, The University of Queensland and Physics, The University of Queensland Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The ‘selfish sperm’, advanced paternal age Computational models of neural wiring development Australian National University Associate Professor Elizabeth Coulson and adverse brain outcomes – an update Cortical sensory processing and epilepsy: Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland on new data and new hypotheses Dr Brett Graham insights from the olfactory system A central role for cholinergic dysfunction in cognitive School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, decline and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease Dr Sara Mednick University of Newcastle, NSW Dr Gilyana Borlikova Department of Psychiatry, University Pleasure and pain: studies from the lateral Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland Associate Professor Ross Cunnington of California, San Diego, USA hypothalamus to the spinal dorsal horn Why bother with behaviour? And what can you Queensland Brain Institute and School of What can sleep stages tell us about the do here at QBI if you decide to proceed Psychology, The University of Queensland mechanisms of memory consolidation? Brain processes underlying the planning Mr Luke Hammond and perception of actions Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland Associate Professor James Bourne Professor Grant Morahan Microscopy in the age of complexity Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Western Australian Institute for Medical Research

Sciences, Monash University Professor Barry Dickson Powerful new resources for discovery Dr Martin How The adaptive visual brain: lessons from The Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Austria of genes for complex traits Wired for sex: the neurobiology of Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland development and lesions Drosophila courtship behaviour Whole-field polarisation vision in crustaceans

86 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Neuroscience Seminars

Dr Surya Singh Dr Robyn Wallace School of Information Technology and Electrical Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland Engineering, The University of Queensland Characterisation of RNA bound to TDP-43, a Moving naturally: agile motion analysis and generation protein involved in neurodegenerative diseases

Professor Mandyam Srinivasan Assistant Professor Jack Waters Queensland Brain Institute and School of Department of Physiology, Information Technology and Electrical Northwestern University, Chicago, USA Engineering, The University of Queensland Activation of nicotinic receptors on deep-layer neocortical Collision avoidance, target pursuit and pyramidal neurons by synaptically-released ACh motion camouflage in flying honeybees Associate Professor Stephen Williams Mr Gavin Taylor Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland Behaviourally relevant dendritic integration Combining visual and air flow cues in retinal and neocortical circuits for honeybee flight control Professor Ding Xue Professor Gregor Thut Molecular, Cellular and Development Biology, Dr Rebecca Nisbet Dr Megan Porter Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow, UK University of Colorado, Boulder, USA Division of Materials Science and Department of Biological Sciences, University Interacting with human brain oscillations by rhythmic Programmed cell death and lipid asymmetry Engineering, CSIRO, Melbourne of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA TMS to change attention and perception Controlling the uncontrollable: using scaffold Molecular evolution of vision in mantis proteins to stabilise the amyloid-ß peptide shrimp: a multifaceted approach Mr Jiajia Yuan Associate Professor Naotsugu Tsuchiya Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland Laboratory for the Neuronal Basis of Consciousness, Mechanisms of axon guidance by Professor Anna Christina (Kia) Nobre Assistant Professor Nicholas Priebe School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University molecular gradients Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK School of Biological Sciences, Visual consciousness tracked with direct Pre-membering perception University of Texas at Austin, USA intracranial recording from low- and high-level Disrupting ocular integration in primary Professor Murat Yucel visual cortices in humans and monkeys Centre for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne Professor Hideyuki Okano visual cortex Neuropsychiatry, The University of Melbourne Department of Physiology, Keio University, Dr Madhusudhan Vekadesan The impact of cannabis use on cognitive School of Medicine, Japan Professor Linda Richards National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute functioning and brain structure: implications for The iPS and direct reprogramming technologies Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India understanding the neural basis of psychosis for investigating CNS disorders and regeneration Wiring the brain for function: how axons of the corpus How to throw at high speeds, accurately, callosum find their targets in the contralateral hemisphere and accurately at high speeds Dr Qiongyi Zhao Dr Alessandra Pierani Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Development Neurobiology, Institut Jacques Professor Gunter Schumann Professor Patrik Verstreken Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Monod, Université Paris, France MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Neuronal Communication Laboratory, VIB Genomic and transcriptomic applications Migrating transient signaling neurons and King’s College, London, UK Center for the Biology of Disease, Belgium Neurobehavioural analysis of reinforce- based on NextGen Sequencing patterning of the cerebral cortex Mitochondrial and synaptic dysfunction ment and its relevance for alcohol abuse: in Parkinson’s disease results from the IMAGEN study

Above: Lecture attendees in the QBI Auditorium.

RECOGNITION 87 Professional Service

In addition to playing a role in grant assessment for Ross Cunnington l NHMRC Grant Review Panel Member Linda Richards major national and international funding bodies, our l australasian Cognitive Neuroscience l australian Brain Bee Challenge National Chair staff provide the following external professional service Society, National President John McGrath l International Brain Bee Vice-President to the discipline. l Schizophrenia International Research l NHMRC Grant Review Panel Member Darryl Eyles Society, Board Member l Program Committee Member, International Society Perry Bartlett l biological Psychiatry Australia, l orygen Youth Health Research Centre, for Developmental Neurobiology meeting, Mumbai l australian Academy of Science, Animal Foundation Executive Member Research Committee Member l Scientific Advisor to Australian Disorders Sciences Committee Member l australian Schizophrenia Research Bank, of the Corpus Callosum (AusDoCC) l Centre for Brain Research, University of Geoffrey Goodhill Access Committee Member Auckland, Scientific Advisory Board Member l Neural Information Processing Systems l ernst Strüngmann Forum on Schizophrenia, Pankaj Sah l Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University Conference, Program Committee, Area Chair Program Advisory Committee l australian Course in Advanced Neuroscience, of New South Wales, Scientific Appointments l Schizophrenia Research Forum, Course Management Committee Member and Promotions Committee Member Jürgen Götz Advisory Board Member l Multiple Sclerosis Australia Grant l Motor Neurone Disease Research Institute of l Member of the Alzheimer Research Forum l NHMRC Research Committee Member Review Panel Member Australia, Research Committee Member l Member of the DZNE (German Center for l NHMRC Australian Health Ethics Committee Member l NHMRC Career Development l NHMRC Assigners Academy Member Neurodegenerative Diseases) Scientific Review Panel l NHMRC Grant Review Panel Member Fellowship Panel Member l Queensland Chapter of the Australian Academy of Science, Chair Tianzi Jiang Frederic Meunier Mandyam Srinivasan l Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted l Multiple Sclerosis Australia Grant l aRC Network for Intelligent Signal Sensors and Thomas Burne Intervention Society, Member of Board of Directors Review Panel Member Information Processing, Advisory Board Member l australasian Society for Psychiatric l National Association of Research Fellows l australasian Conference on Robotics and Research Queensland Representative John Kelly Queensland representative Automation (ACRA), Program Committee Member l Health Research Council of New Zealand Biomedical/ l National Collaborative Research Infrastructure l Research Evaluation Committee, Clinical Science Assessing Committee, Panel Member Strategy Imaging Facilities, Board Member Bryan Mowry National ICT Australia Ltd Member l australian Schizophrenia Research Bank: Science l Centre for the Mind, University of Sydney, Helen Cooper Joe Lynch Committee Member, Genetics Committee Scientific Advisory Board Member l NHMRC Grant Review Panel Member l NHMRC Grant Review Panel Member Member and Access Committee Member l brisbane Chapter of the American Society l l australian Course in Advanced Neuroscience Psychiatric Genetics Consortium, Schizophrenia Peter Visscher for Neuroscience, President Scientific Program, Advisory Group Member Group Member and Analysis Group Member l New Zealand Statistical Genetics Network l australian Neuroscience Society Scientific l l Secretary of the Australian Neuroscience Society Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Scientific Advisory Board Member Program, Advisory Group Member Psychiatrists, Member, Committee for Research l NHMRC Assigners Academy Member l australian Huntington’s Disease Association, Justin Marshall l Member of the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Queensland Branch, QBI representative l australian Coral Reef Society, Past Michael Piper Cognitive Epidemiology (University of Edinburgh) l australian Neuroscience Society Scientific Annual l President and Council Member australian Cell and Developmental Biology l Member of the Computing Science Working Meeting, Member of the Local Organising Committee Society, Queensland Representative l ocean Research and Conservation Association Group, Australian Academy of Science (USA), Advisory Board Member l brisbane Chapter of the Society for Elizabeth Coulson Neuroscience, Treasurer l ProjectAWARE, Honorary Board Member Huji Xu l australian Brain Bee Challenge, l NHMRC Grant Review Panel Member l Great Barrier Reef Research Expeditions l Chinese Rheumatology Association, Northern Territory Coordinator Advisory Board Member Shanghai Branch, President l australian Neuroscience Society, Judith Reinhard l Chinese Clinical Immunology National Council Member Jason Mattingley l australasian Association for Chemosensory Association Standing Member l friedreich’s Ataxia Research Association, Science Council Member l association for Attention and Performance, l National Natural Science Foundation of China, Scientific Advisory Committee Member l australian Association of von Humboldt Advisory Council Member Program Review Committee Member l NHMRC Grant Review Panel Member Fellows, Queensland Representative l australian Academy of Science National l Joint NHMRC-Alzheimer’s Australia Committee for Brain and Mind Member Dementia Care Knowledge Translation l academy of Social Sciences in Australia, Consultation Group, Panel Member Panel D (Psychology, Social Medicine, Education) Committee Member

88 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Editorial Boards

Perry Bartlett l Neuroscience Bulletin, Associate Editor Judith Reinhard Naomi Wray l Acta Physiologica Sinica, Editorial Board l PLoS One, Academic Editor l Journal of Comparative Physiology l Frontiers in Statistical Genetics and l Developmental Neurobiology, Editorial Board A, Editorial Advisory Board Methodology, Editorial Board l Developmental Neuroscience, Editorial Board Joe Lynch l PLoS One, Academic Editor l Frontiers in Neurogenesis, Associate Editor l Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Editorial Board l International Journal of Developmental l International Journal of Biochemistry and Linda Richards Neuroscience, International Editorial Board Molecular Biology, Editorial Board l Brain Navigator, Editorial Board l Journal of Neuroscience Research, Editorial Board l Journal of Biological Chemistry, Editorial Board l Developmental Dynamics, Editorial Board l Neural Development, Editorial Board l Frontiers in Neuroscience, Editorial Board l Neuroscience Research, Editorial Board Justin Marshall l Neurosignals, Editorial Board l Neurosignals, Editorial Board l Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and l Stem Cell Research, Editorial Board Physiology, Editorial Board Pankaj Sah l Yonsei Medical Journal, Editorial Board l PLoS One, Academic Editor l BioMedCentral Physiology, Editorial Board l Channels, Editorial Board Thomas Burne Jason Mattingley l Hippocampus, Editorial Board l PLoS One, Academic Editor l Brain and Cognition, Editorial Board l Journal of Neurophysiology, Associate Editor l Cognitive Neuroscience, Editorial Board l Journal of Neuroscience, Editorial Board Charles Claudianos l Cortex, Associate Editor l Neural Plasticity, Editorial Board l Psyche, Editorial Board l Neurocase, Editorial Board l The Open Neuroscience Journal, l The Open Evolution Journal, Editorial Board l Neuropsychologia, Editorial Advisory Board Editorial Advisory Board

Helen Cooper John McGrath Mandyam Srinivasan l Growth Factors, Editorial Board l Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Editorial Board l Advances in Artificial Neural Systems, Editorial Board l Australian and New Zealand Journal l Journal of Comparative Physiology Ross Cunnington, of Psychiatry, Editorial Board A, Editorial Advisory Board l Neuropsychologia, Editorial Board l BioMedCentral Psychiatry, Editorial Board l PLoS Biology, Editorial Board l Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Geoffrey Goodhill Psychoses, Editorial Board Bruno van Swinderen l Network: Computation in Neural l Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Editorial Board l PLoS One, Academic Editor Systems, Editor-in-Chief l Frontiers in Molecular Psychiatry, Editorial Board l Neural Circuits and Systems, Editorial Board l Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, Associação Peter Visscher l Neural Computation, Associate Editor Brasileira de Psiquiatris, Editorial Board l American Journal of Human Genetics, Editorial Board l Nature Scientific Reports, Editorial Board l Schizophrenia Bulletin, Associate Editor l Genetics Research, Associate Editor l Schizophrenia Research, Editorial Board l PLoS Genetics, Associate Editor Jürgen Götz l Translational Psychiatry, Editorial Board l Scientific Reports, Associate Editor l Alzheimer’s Research and Therapy, Editorial Board l Frontiers in Neuroscience, Review Editor Frederic Meunier Robyn Wallace l PLoS One, Academic Editor l Current Neuropharmacology, Editorial Board l Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics, Editorial Board l Journal of Neurochemistry, Handling Editor Tianzi Jiang l PLoS One, Academic Editor Stephen Williams l Cognitive Neurodynamics, Editorial Board l Scientific Reports, Associate Editor l Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Associate Editor l Computational Imaging and Vision, Series Editor l Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Associate Editor l IEEE Transactions on Medical Bryan Mowry l Journal of Neuroscience Methods, Editorial Board Imaging, Associate Editor l Genes, Editorial Board l IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental l PLoS One, Academic Editor Development, Associate Editor l Psychiatric Genetics, Editorial Board

RECOGNITION 89 UQ Appointments

Perry Bartlett Academic Board Advancement Sub-Committee Anthropology Museum Management Committee Centre for Advanced Imaging Advisory Board Health and Medical Research Advancement Board Professorial Promotions Committee University Senior Management Group

Thomas Burne Anatomical Biosciences Animal Ethics Committee

Helen Cooper Institutional Biosafety Committee

Ross Cunnington Centre for Perception and Cognitive Neuroscience, Director

Massimo Hilliard UQ Library Advisory Committee

John Kelly Biological Resources Steering Committee National Imaging Facility Professional Staff and Academic Consulting Committee

Joe Lynch Master of Neuroscience Program Coordinator

Marie Mangelsdorf Anatomical Biosciences Animal Ethics Committee

Justin Marshall Marine Research Station Advisory Committee

Frederic Meunier Radiation Health and Safety Committee

Michael Piper UQ Research Committee School of Biomedical Sciences Research Committee

Linda Richards Animal Users Advisory Committee, Chair UQBR CAI Small Animal Imaging Committee, Chair

Pankaj Sah Research Committee

Stephen Williams University Research Higher Degrees Committee

90 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Staff

Professor Chen Chen Honorary Professors Dr Benjamin Kottler Dr Brett Collins Professor Wickliffe Abraham Dr Peter Kozulin Dr Hannah Filmer (began June) Professor David Adams Dr David Kvaskoff Professor Wayne Hall Professor Shaun Collin Dr Aoife Larkin Professor Ottmar Lipp Professor Mary Galea Dr Hong Lee Professor Daniel Markovich Professor David Gearing Dr Yi-Hsin Lee (began August) Dr Sean Millard Professor Gisela Kaplan Dr Yonghui Li Associate Professor Peter Noakes Professor Nicholas Martin Dr Nikolai Liebsch Dr Marc Ruitenberg Professor Hideyuki Okana Dr Pei Ching Low Dr Ethan Scott Professor Brent Reynolds Dr Jing Lu Professor Peter Silburn Professor Lesley Rogers Dr Tien Luu Dr Surya Singh Professor Seong-Seng Tan Dr Marie Mangelsdorf Professor Walter Thomas Professor Charles Watson Dr Vikki Marshall Dr Lata Vadlamudi (began May) Dr Sally Martin Associate Professor Guy Wallis Postdoctoral Fellows Dr Natasha Matthews Dr Fabienne Alfonsi Dr Dusan Matusica Adjunct Appointments Dr Daniel Angus Dr Linda May Dr Denis Bauer (began February) Dr Eleonora Autuori Dr Ellen Meelkop (began April) Associate Professor Mark Bellgrove (began Dr Lilach Avitan Dr Weichuan Mo February) Dr Denis Bauer (finished February) Dr Brent Neumann Director Professor Joe Lynch Dr Marta Bortoletto Dr Oliver Baumann Dr Tam Nguyen Professor Perry Bartlett Professor Justin Marshall Dr James Crane Dr Jeff Bednark Dr Christopher Nolan Professor Jason Mattingley Dr Tarrant Cummins (began September) Dr Beben Benyamin Dr Cathrin Nourse Deputy Director (Research) Professor John McGrath (Conjoint Appoint- Dr Andrew Delaney Dr Daniel Blackmore Dr Conor O’Leary Professor Pankaj Sah ment) Dr Louise Faber Dr Jens Bunt (began August) Dr Shona Osborne Associate Professor Frederic Meunier Dr Daniel Gilbert Dr Enda Byrne Dr Andreas Papadopulos Professor Bryan Mowry (Conjoint Appoint- Deputy Director (Operations) Dr Adam Hamlin ment) Dr Guo-Bo Chen Dr Angelique Paulk John Kelly (pictured above) Dr Ziarih Hawi (began July) Mr Geoffrey Osborne Dr Min Chen Dr Zlatko Pujic Dr Robert Hester Dr Luca Cocchi Dr Margaretha Ridder (began July) Faculty Dr Michael Piper Dr Jonathan Mann Dr Florence Cotel (began September) Dr Martin Sale Associate Professor Mark Bellgrove (finished Dr Judith Reinhard Professor Geoff Masters Dr Alexandre Cristino Dr Ingo Schiffner January) Professor David Reutens (Affiliate Appoint- Dr Thomas Moore Dr Xiaoying Cui Dr Benjamin Sivyer Dr Timothy Bredy ment) Associate Professor Dale Nyholt Dr Kevin Dudley Dr Sune Skeldal Dr Thomas Burne (Conjoint Appointment) Professor Linda Richards Mr Sven Stringer (began July) Dr Richard Faville Dr Peter Stratton Dr Allen Cheung Professor Pankaj Sah Dr Hari Subramanian (began December) Dr Traute Flatscher-Bader Dr Cornelia Strobel Dr Charles Claudianos Professor Mandyam Srinivasan Dr Nicholas Valmas (began September) Dr Isabel Formella (finished October) Dr Rodrigo Suarez Dr Robert Colvin Associate Professor Bruno van Swinderen Dr Rosina Giordano-Santini Dr Robert Sullivan Associate Professor Helen Cooper Professor Peter Visscher Conjoint Appointments Dr Ilan Gobius (began October) Dr Chanel Taylor Associate Professor Elizabeth Coulson Dr Robyn Wallace Dr Bill Mantzioris Dr Jake Gratten Dr Fabrice Turpin Associate Professor Ross Cunnington Associate Professor Stephen Williams Dr Lawrence Sanjay Nandam Dr Ziarih Hawi (finished June) Dr Nicholas Valmas (finished September) Associate Professor Darryl Eyles (Conjoint Associate Professor Naomi Wray Dr Mark Spanevello Appointment) Professor Huji Xu Dr Martin How Dr Bart van Alphen Professor Geoffrey Goodhill Dr Jonathan Hunt (finished May) Dr Anna Vinkhuyzen Emeritus Professor Professor Jürgen Götz University of Queensland Affiliates Dr Wendy Imlach (finished August) Dr Jana Vukovic Professor Jack Pettigrew Dr Massimo Hilliard Professor Andrew Boyd Dr Dhanisha Jhaveri Dr Qian Wang Professor David Vaney Professor Tianzi Jiang Professor Matthew Brown Dr Marc Kamke Dr Tong (Iris) Wang (began June) Dr Angelo Keramidas Dr Wei Wei

RECOGNITION 91 Staff

Dr Jocelyn Widagdo (began March) Emily Hielscher (began September) Rachel Templin Callista Harper Susan Travis (began April) Dr Francois Windels Sophie Hill (finished February) Saul Thurrowgood Jayani Hewage (began February) Marion (Toni) Turnbull (began February) Dr Zhe Yang Casey Holding (finished September) Hong Diem Vo (began July) Shao-chang Huang Karly Turner (began January) Dr Qiongyi Zhao (began June) Damian Ianno (began April finished Mirela Wagner Nicholas Hughes (began February) Tong Wu (began October) Dr Yanqiong Zhou (began July) September) Yi (Jenny) Wang (began July) Sarah Hunt (began January) Di Xia (began May) Oscar Jacoby William Warhurst (finished February) Thuan Huynh Xianfeng Yang (began February) Research Officers Peter Josh Phoebe Watt (began September) Oscar Jacoby Xi Yao Jens Bunt (finished August) Rebecca King (began August) Trevor Weatherhead (began June) Georg Kerbler Hon Wai Yap (began February) Ilan Gobius (began July finished October) Diana Kleine Amanda White Sepiedeh Keshavarzi Jiajia Yuan Sepideh Keshavarzi (began April) Michael Knight Li Xu Leonie Kirszenblat Oressia Zalucki Richard Moore (began July finished August) Pauline Ko Shanzhi Yan (began July) Elizabeth Kita Yan Zhang (began November) Yangiong Zhou (began April finished July) Santi Krisantini Zong Zhang Inga Laube Jing Zhao (began October) Andrew Laloo (began August) Emilia Lefevre (began August) Research Assistants Xiang Li Research Higher Degree Students Gerhard Leinenga (began April) Awarded PhD or MPhil 2012 Suzanne Alexander Pei-Yun (Ashley) Liu Gonzalo Armarza (began July) Xiang Li (began January) Conor Champ John Baisden Yolanda Liu Joon Yong An (began April) Cirong Liu (began October) Hayley Cox (MPhil) Anne-Sophie Bedin Yue Lin Liu (began February finished June) Samuel Baker Nancy Malintan (finished May) Claire Foldi Clement Bonini (finished February) David Lloyd Sian Louise Baker (began October) Sha Liu Clare Giacomatonio Zoran Boskovic (finished January) Samuel Lukowski (finished March) Danay Baker-Andresen Roger Marek Ilan Gobius Dr Arne Brombas Nancy Malintan (finished August) Jessica Barnes Andrew Martin Lauren Harms Tim Butler Nicola Marks (began November) Stephanie Biergans (began April) Sharon Mason (finished October) Sharon Mason Benjamin Calcagno Andrew Martin (began November) Anna Bode Linda May (finished May) Linda May Lara Campbell Timothy Martin (finished September) Zoran Boskovic (began May) Aung Aung Kywe Moe (began October) Richard Moore Tania Carrillo Roa (finished March) Laura McLeod (finished May) Conor Champ (finished September) Richard Moore (finished November) Sumiti Saharan Kelsey Chalmers Cornel Mirciov Jeiran Choupan John Morris Hugh Simpson Ming-Yu Chen (began March) Paula Mugno Ramirez Wen-Sung Chung Vinod Narayana (began June) Cornelia Strobel Justin Chaplin Deborah Nertney Charlotte Clark Kian Bee Ng Nancy Malintan Dr Carlos Magalhaes Coelho (finished Estella Newcombe Sean Coakley Thai Vinh Nguyen Qian Wang September) Annika Nichols Hayley Cox (finished May) Thanh Nguyen (began July) Belinda Craig (finished Februuary) Tishila Palliyaguru Lavinia Codd David Painter Master of Neuroscience 2012 Dr Angela Dean Nickless Palstra Peter Curby Genevieve Phillips Richard Carey Amelia Douglass Kalpana Patel Aymeric Denuelle Simandeep Poonian Matthew Kennett Laura Fenlon (began August) Boris Prosper (finished September) Melissa De Vries (finished August) Chikako Ragan Elliot Lambert Cheryl Filippich Rohan Puri (finished January) Daina Dickins Ramesh Krishnan Narayanan Kim Loong Lim Charlotte Flavell (began March) Gregory Robinson Christine Dixon Vikram Ratnu Janaina Vidiera Pinto Elizabeth Forbes Petra Sedlak Amelia Douglass (began October) Amanda Robinson Michael Troup Kelly Garner Murugesh Sheekar (finished July) Michael Dwyer Talwar Sahil Cameron Turner Alan Goldizen Chase Sherwell (began February) Lee Fletcher (began April) Aanchal Sharma Helen Gooch Henry Simila Claire Foldi (finished June) Hugh Simpson (finished June) Awarded Master of Neuroscience 2012 Rachel Gormal Lauren Simpson (finished May) Clare Giacomantonio (finished August) Ming Soh (began October) Luis Sebastian Contreras Huerta Julia Groening Heather Smith Ilan Gobius (finished October) Paola Spadaro (began January) Laura Fenlon Natalie Groves (finished February) Dean Soccol Shi Min Goh (began February) Daniel Stjepanovic Gayashika Leanage Nivetha Gunasekaran Jessica Stenvold Helen Gooch Cornelia Strobel (finished June) Megan Campbell Justine Haddrill Biao Sun (began July) Natalie Groves (began February) Gavin Taylor Kylie Cuthbertson Jeffrey Hanks-Thomson (began June) Daniel Sutherland (began June) Veronika Halasz Hanne Thoen Joel Adams-Bedford Lauren Harms (finished April) Sophie Tajouri Lu Han Vanesa Tomatis Yuan Cao

92 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Staff

Athina Eu Students Cameron Turner Director’s Office Manager, Postgraduate Student Manager: Executive Office- Administration - Peter Goodenough Scholarship Alison van Niekerk Susan Shade (finished April) Alphonse Aime Yambisang Janet Voight (began March) Freda Talao Ashley Cooper Deirdre Wilson Dr Blake Chapman (began February) Institute Manager Ben Kelly (finished January) Helen Weir Information Technology IT Manager - Australian Brain Bee Challenge Grants, Ethics and Publications Jake Carroll Katherine Wilkins Grants, Ethics and Publications Manager - Dr Sylvie Pichelin Gene Beaumont (finished June) Technical Services Chris Fletcher (began August) Technical Services Manager - Debra McMurtrie Perry Kollmorgen David Wheeldon Irek Porebski Senior Research Manager Michael Simpson Adam Barry Rowan Tweedale Brandon Horne Human Resources Ethan Park Commercialisation Brooke Ellem Dr Bronwyn Battersby Jackie Perren Administrative Support Earlene Ashton Advancement Finance and Store Kathy Asmussen Director of Advancement - Finance Manager - Ilse Buttiens Nicola Smith Katherine Parsonage Brenda Campbell (finishedA pril) Suzanne Campbell Jenny Valentine Anna Brancatini Susan Earnshaw Wade Ebeling Rachael Kelly Laboratory Support Chad Lake Annita Nugent Scientific Services Manager - Michael Perren Charmaine Paiva Clare Seaman Esmeli Quevedo Baquero Reeza Palamoodu Nazer Kathy Webb (finished April) Yajing (Maggie) Sun Dr Gilyana Borlikova Jill Wardropper Judy Bracefield Communications and Design Maria Caldeira Mikaeli Costello (began April) Jane Ellis Denise Cullen (finished April) Luke Hammond Dee McGrath Maureen Kearney Colin MacQueen Occupational Health and Safety Donna Martin Ross Dixon Daniel Matthews (began February) Nicholas Nacsa Virginia Nink Janette Zlamal

Above: Irek Porebski is part of QBI's IT team.

RECOGNITION 93 In Appreciation

All members of QBI sincerely thank our valued donors for their support in 2012.

Principal Individuals and Organisations Estate of Dr Clem Jones, AO Betty Anderson Colleen Dean Judith F Grimshaw Diana L Leonard Dawn Moffett Soroptimist Interna- Occ-Care tional Brisbane South Luke C Devitt Darren J Grimwade, MP Maija G Liiv M A Molineux Bruce W Blaikie Southern Districts Major Ross B Dickson Norman H Hall R W Linthorne Dane E Moulton Christine Bopp Rugby Union Karl Dodd Oriel E Handley Keith B Locke Peter Moxon Football Club Inc G James Australia Pty Ltd Bryan Bossley The Doma Group Gerowyn K Hanson Mary J Lyons Stella Muller G R Spence The Helpful Foundation I Bowers Raymond Donaldson Sharyn Harry Margaret Macaulay Judith M Nedderman Elke M Stapf A Boyle Index Group of Companies N Dowling Troy Harry Robert MacDonnell Nicol Foundation Barry and Maureen Patricia Brennan Stevenson John T Reid Charitable Trusts Gerry M Doyle Gregory B Henricks Daphne Maclean Simon J O'Brien Elizabeth J Brims Alexander Doyle Mark and Jaine Holmes Moyea C MacLean Jenette Otter Kevin Stewart MND and Me Foundation Simone L Burger Audrey A Dunn Adrian C Holt Marcus B Maclean Suzanne M Parker Phillip Taylor Brian J Burgess Frank and Patsy Youngleson Anthony J Dutton Hopgood Ganim Hamish R Maclean Susan Pearse Debra and David Katharine L Cameron Lawyers Thompson The University of Queensland Gretchen P Evans Hannah E Maclean Patricia M Pepper Tracy M Campbell Tracey J Hopkins Anthony B Toohey Endowment Fund Kathleen Evesson Katelyn Maclean Leah A Perry Daniel B Capper Beth Howard Ronald Tyas Paul Figallo Hilda Maclean Glenda J Powell Constantine D Carides Glenn Howell University of the Third Robert S Fitchew Katie M Makar William S Quarterman Age Brisbane Inc. Susan Carr Hunter Hall V E Ford Janice Marshall Marilyn J Reabel International Limited Peter F Vincent Challengers Street Rod Roscoe W Foreman Lola M Martin Ruth Richardson & Custom Car Club Noyce L Hurst E A Vorbach Yvonne Fowles Chris Martin Brent Roberton Peter R Chandler Desmond G Jack Sylvia A Walker Ailcie M Foxton Juliann B McEvoy Carolyn V Roberts Kay Christensen Elizabeth James Richard H Wallace- Robert J Franklin Marcia McInnes Norma J Ross Barnett Valma J Clarkson Ronald K Jordan Frazer Family Penelope A McKelvie Geoffrey H Sattler Alan L Weeks Kera Coghlan Janet E Jukes Foundation Pty Ltd Moya D McKenzie Mark Sawyer Mark A White Gillian J Colasimone Janice King Gerren Pty Ltd t/a Brendan M Meagher Joyce I Schmidt Gillian M White Mary T Collings Parkside Funerals Betty S Knight Michael Lakey Graham N Schrodter Dorothea F Wilkinson Coolphase Pty Ltd Maureen Gilmartin, AM Jindalee State Racing Pty Ltd School Staff John E Siemon Irene Willett Cooper Reeves Pty Ltd Helen Gleeson John M Michelmore Peter J Landy Joan P Smart Clive Williams Christine M Cowell Melissa F Graham Raymond C Mickan Joan M Lawrence, AM Smart Supplies Matthew I Wissemann Colin V Cross Noella Grant Michael Mills (Australia) Pty Ltd Maxwell R Lennox Tina Xu Lynette Davis Ross H Grimley MLOC Singers Coral C Smith C A Young

Sincere thanks also to our donors who prefer to remain anonymous.

94 QBI ANNUAL REPORT Queensland Brain Institute Annual Report 2012

Supporting QBI

Researchers at QBI are dedicated to unlocking How to support the Queensland Brain Institute: the mysteries of neurodegenerative diseases and mental health disorders, which currently Donations Bequests account for a staggering 45 per cent of the burden of disease in Australia. There are many ways in which you can help By leaving a bequest to QBI in your will, you Under current legislation, gifts to the support QBI’s research effort, including: are leaving a lasting legacy that accelerates Queensland Brain Institute are tax By improving the understanding of the current research and preserves future deductible. To discuss how you can n Make a donation for a fundamental mechanisms that regulate projects. Bequests can include: support the Institute, please contact us at: brain function, QBI researchers are working specific research area n A percentage of an estate Queensland Brain Institute to develop new, more effective therapeutic n Purchase scientific equipment Building #79, Upland Road treatments for conditions such as dementia, n The residuary of an estate (what n Fund scholarships for The University of Queensland stroke, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis remains after all other gifts and talented students St Lucia QLD 4072 and neurotrauma. costs have been deducted) n Provide fellowships for early- QBI relies on both public and private n A gift of a specific sum of money Telephone: +61 7 3346 6300 to mid-career scientists donations to continue its research programs Facsimile: +61 7 3346 6301 n A particular asset, such as and is therefore grateful for the support and n Sponsor Professorial Chairs Email: [email protected] property, works of art, shares, generosity of its benefactors. Website: www.qbi.uq.edu.au n Undertake laboratory dedications or an insurance policy

n Provide gifts in memoriam

QBI ANNUAL REPORT 95 Editors Ashley Cooper Mikaeli Costello Designer Dee McGrath Photographers Yan Chan Hemma Kearny Dee McGrath David Sproul Stewart Gould Christopher Fletcher Jones

96 QBI ANNUAL REPORT

Queensland Brain Institute Phone: +61 7 3346 6300 Building #79, Upland Road Fax: +61 7 3346 6301 The University of Queensland Email: [email protected] St Lucia QLD 4072 Web: www.qbi.uq.edu.au