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Future Perspective of Electric Bicycles in Sustainable Mobility in China By
Future Perspective of Electric Bicycles in Sustainable Mobility in China by Xiao Lin A Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Cardiff University Logistics and Operations Management Section of Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University July 2016 “Before we can even ask how things might go wrong, we must first explain how they could ever go right.” – F. A. Hayek 1 DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed ……… ………………………………………. (candidate) Date ………05/09/2016………………… STATEMENT 1 This thesis is being submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of ……………PhD……………(insert MCh, Md, MPhil, PhD etc, as appropriate) Signed ……… ………………………………………. (candidate) Date ………05/09/2016………………… STATEMENT 2 This thesis is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by footnotes giving explicit references. Signed ……… ……………………………………. (candidate) Date ………05/09/2016………………… STATEMENT 3 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed ……… ……………………………………. (candidate) Date ………05/09/2016………………… I Abstract The thesis seeks to analyse the electric bicycle (e-bike) transition phenomenon in China by applying the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) Transition Theory and Multi-scalar -
HS Code Product Description 23012010 Fish Meal for Feed
Note: All products that are classified in the 8‐digit subheadings of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule HS Code Product description 23012010 Fish meal for feed 26180010 Manganese slag produced by smelting steel 26190000 Slag, scum, scale and other waste generated from smelting steel 26209990 Mineral ash and residue containing other metals and compounds 27011100 Unformed anthracite, whether or not powdered 27011210 Unformed coking bituminous coal, whether or not powdered 27011290 Other bituminous coal not made, whether or not powdered 27011900 Other coal not made, whether or not powdered 27012000 Coal brick, briquettes and similar solid fuels made of coal 27021000 lignite 27022000 Finished brown coal 27030000 Peat (including peat for fertilizer) regardless of molding 27040010 Coal coke and semi-coke regardless of molding 27040090 Charcoal Gas, water gas, furnace gas and similar gases, except for petroleum gas and other hydrocarbon 27050000 gases Tar and mineral tar distilled from coal, lignite, or peat, whether or not dehydrated or partially 27060000 distillation, including reconstitution of tar 27071000 crude benzene 27072000 Crude toluene 27073000 Crude xylene 27074000 naphthalene Other aromatic mixtures, by volume of aromatics distilled at 250 ° C by volume (including loss) at 27075000 65% or more 27079100 creosote 27079910 phenol Other products obtained by distillation of coal tar; aromatics weighing more than non-aromatic 27079990 ingredients product 27081000 Asphalt from coal tar or other mineral tar 27082000 Bituminous coke derived -
Motorcycle, Motorized Bicycle and Electric-Assisted Bicycle Manual
Motorcycle, Motorized Bicycle and electric-assisted Bicycle Manual Minnesota Department of Public Safety Driver and Vehicle Services Division www.mndriveinfo.org Minnesota Motorcycle, Motorized Bicycle and Electric-Assisted Bicycle Manual The Minnesota Department of Public Safety Driver and Vehicle Services Division prepared this manual. Visit the Department of Public Safety Web site at www.mndriveinfo.org to access online versions of our driver’s manuals. PS30001-12 (2/11) About this Manual… This manual is about operating For more information on Minnesota motorcycles, motorized bicycles and driving laws and rules for all drivers, electric-assisted bicycles on Minnesota refer to the Minnesota Driver’s streets and highways. Manual. The first section concerns Minnesota This manual is printed by permission laws and requirements. For complete of the Minnesota Department of standards, consult Minnesota state Public Safety. statutes and rules. This document is This manual is prepared by the not a proper legal authority to cite Division of Driver and Vehicle Services in court. with permission of the Minnesota The second section (Operation Department of Public Safety. Manual) contains information on safe This information can be made motorcycling. The Operation Manual, available in alternative format to provided by the Motorcycle Safety individuals with disabilities. For Foundation, is not about Minnesota assistance, call 651-297-3298 or law — it is about riding smart and TTY 651-282-6555. staying safe. CONTENTS Preface Instruction Permit Process . .VI Rider Training..................I Skills Test ....................VI Duplicate Permits............. VII Motorcycles Vehicle Registration . VII License Endorsement and Permit . II Insurance Requirements ........ VII Permit Process . II Equipment Requirements ....... VII Skills Test ................... -
High Efficiency Moped a MQP Proposal Submitted to the Faculty Of
High Efficiency Moped A MQP Proposal Submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering by ___________________________________ Tim Ellsworth Date: 10/11/2012 Approved: Prof. Kenneth Stafford, Major Advisor Prof. Cosme Furlong-Vazquez Table of Contents List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................. 4 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ 5 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 7 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 12 Objective ................................................................................................................................................. 12 History ..................................................................................................................................................... 13 Component Selection ................................................................................................................................. -
79.5M €4.74M €22.4M €3.7M €7.2M €2M €441M €1.5M €445000 €400M
WASTE TRANSPORTATION ENERGY BLYTH, UK BALTIC SEA ESTONIA BIODIVERSITY Wind turbine blades Tackling testing facility Modernisation 78% eutrophication of passenger together train rolling stock t'VSUIFSBEWBODFPGGTIPSF tQJMPUGBSNTJODPSQPSBUF renewable energy t*NQSPWJOHUIFBUUSBDUJWFOFTT best practices ECO-BUILDING t*EFBMFOWJSPONFOUUPBDDFMFSBUF of rail transport t.FNCFS4UBUFTXPSLUPHFUIFS 11% technological development t*ODSFBTFETBGFUZ To build a stronger and more sustainable European economy, Cohesion Policy must make the right to protect the environment 85% investment choices. Making the transition to lower energy consumption, higher resource efficiency, greater use of renewables and biodiversity protection will give Europe’s economy a major boost €22.4m ACROSS €3.7m €79.5m CO-FUNDING PERCENTAGE (ERDF, CF, EIB) thanks to increased investment, innovation and clean technologies. 15 LOCATIONS, FR TARTU, ET Energy efficient social housing stock Biogas buses in With the support of regional funding, Europe can reduce its emissions, diminish its use of oil and gas, public transport and reduce the use of resources. This would decrease our import dependency while maintaining our t TPDJBMIPVTJOHVOJUT global competitiveness. to be retrofitted by 2020 t-PDBMXBTUFBTBTPVSDF tè BWFSBHFFOFSHZTBWJOH of biogas per household per year Europe also needs to protect biodiversity which is the backbone of many sectors such as agriculture tMFTT$0FNJTTJPOTJO t KPCTDSFBUFE biogas-run vehicles and fisheries. It is estimated that the ‘Natura 2000’ network of protected areas provides €200-300 27% or maintained 87% billion per year of services in water and land management alone (this includes things like water filtration and protection from erosion). If the Cohesion Policy can support similar projects on a larger €570m €4.74m scale we can expect substantial economic return from these natural assets. -
Hardware Design Considerations for an Electric Bicycle Using BLDC Motor
www.ti.com Table of Contents Application Report Hardware Design Considerations for an Electric Bicycle Using a BLDC Motor Srivatsa Raghunath ABSTRACT A traditional bicycle is a two-wheel vehicle that is propelled by the rider who delivers muscle power through pedals that rotate one of the two wheels. The rider steers the front wheel to create a force that returns and maintains the vehicle center of gravity into a stable zone whenever necessary, thus keeping the bicycle upright. An electric bicycle carries batteries that deliver electric power to a motor that is coupled to either wheel. In most electric bicycles the rider can chose to use muscle power to deliver all, part, or none of the propulsion power required to maintain an adopted travel speed. Some models even sense pedal pressure and command the motor to deliver more power whenever the rider pedals harder. Table of Contents 1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................................3 2 Motor Selection.......................................................................................................................................................................4 3 Stator........................................................................................................................................................................................4 4 Rotor....................................................................................................................................................................................... -
Meeting Notice and Agenda
Members Jim Desmond, Chair Mayor, City of San Marcos (Representing North County Inland) Bill Sandke, Vice Chair Councilmember, City of Coronado (Representing South County) Georgette Gomez, Councilmember TRANSPORTATION City of San Diego Ron Roberts, Supervisor COMMITTEE County of San Diego Bill Baber AGENDA Vice Mayor, City of La Mesa (Representing East County) Catherine Blakespear Mayor, City of Encinitas (Representing North County Coastal) Friday, June 16, 2017 Harry Mathis, Chair 9 a.m. to 12 noon Metropolitan Transit System SANDAG Board Room John Aguilera, Vice Chair North County Transit District 401 B Street, 7th Floor Jim Janney San Diego San Diego County Regional Airport Authority Alternates AGENDA HIGHLIGHTS Judy Ritter Mayor, City of Vista • ROSE CREEK BIKEWAY PROJECT: (Representing North County Inland) CONSTRUCTION MANAGER/GENERAL Mary Salas CONTRACTOR CONSTRUCTION SERVICES Mayor, City of Chula Vista (Representing South County) AGREEMENT SUPPLEMENT 7 Mark Kersey, Councilmember City of San Diego • FY 2018 CLAIMS FOR TRANSPORTATION Bill Horn, Supervisor DEVELOPMENT ACT AND STATE TRANSIT County of San Diego ASSISTANCE Greg Cox, Supervisor County of San Diego • FIRST TransNet TEN-YEAR COMPREHENSIVE Jennifer Mendoza Mayor Pro Tem, City of Lemon Grove PROGRAM REVIEW (Representing East County) Ellie Haviland Councilmember, City of Del Mar (Representing North County Coastal) PLEASE SILENCE ALL ELECTRONIC DEVICES DURING THE MEETING Lorie Bragg Metropolitan Transit System YOU CAN LISTEN TO THE TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE Bill Horn / Mark Packard North County Transit District MEETING BY VISITING OUR WEBSITE AT SANDAG.ORG April Boling San Diego County Regional Airport Authority MISSION STATEMENT The 18 cities and county government are SANDAG serving as the forum for regional decision-making. -
Case Study on HYBRID VEHICLES Power Vehicle Type
Case Study on HYBRID VEHICLES Power Power sources for hybrid vehicles include: Coal, wood or other solid combustibles Compressed or liquefied natural gas Electricity Electromagnetic fields, Radio waves Electric vehicle battery Human powered e.g. pedaling or rowing Hydrogen On-board or out-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) Petrol or Diesel fuel Solar Wind Vehicle type Two-wheeled and cycle-type vehicles Mopeds, electric bicycles, and even electric kick scooters are a simple form of a hybrid, as power is delivered both via an internal combustion engine or electric motor and the rider's muscles. Early prototypes of motorcycles in the late 19th century used the same principles to power it up. In a parallel hybrid bicycle human and motor power are mechanically coupled at the pedal drive train or at the rear or the front wheel, e.g. using a hub motor, a roller pressing onto a tire, or a connection to a wheel using a transmission element. Human and motor torques are added together. Almost all manufactured Motorized bicycles, Mopeds are of this type. In a series hybrid bicycle (SH) the user powers a generator using the pedals. This is converted into electricity and can be fed directly to the motor giving a chainless bicycle but also to charge a battery. The motor draws power from the battery and must be able to deliver the full mechanical torque required because none is available from the pedals. SH bicycles are commercially available, because they are very simple in theory and manufacturing. The first known prototype and publication of an SH bicycle is by Augustus Kinzel (US Patent 3'884'317) in 1975. -
Study, Development & Modifications of Series Hybrid Electro
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Study, Development & Modifications of Series Hybrid Electro- Petroleum Bicycle. Shete Yogesh Shreekrushna1, Londhe Vishal Ramchandra2, Bhosale Yogesh Jalindar3, Asst. Prof. Mujawar A. I4 123Students of Shriram Institute of Engineering & Technology Centre, Paniv, Maharashtra, India 4Professor at Shriram Institute of Engineering & Technology Centre, Paniv, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – India is still a developing country. There is no to charge the battery and also to keep vehicle in running availability of electricity throughout the country for all 24hrs condition during the journey. This vehicle is mostly electric of a day. Series Hybrid Electro Petroleum Bicycle is basically vehicle which also have a plug-ins provided for the charging electric bicycle which needs plug-ins to charge the battery. Due of battery by providing supply. This may be called as to the electricity issues this SHEPB is not suitable to use Plug in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). These consists the throughout the India. We made a modification to overcome batteries having extended capacity. PHEV runs on battery these problems. We have been design a system which works by throughout the journey, but at the end of journey, it shifts to using human effort. This human power is gives to the engine to overcome the possibility of overcharging. Basically crankshaft of an Engine to start it. We added pedal system PHEV requires less mechanical linkages, so the system attached to the crankshaft by means of belt drive. These pedals becomes easy and simple. -
Public Safety Committee Agenda
PUBLIC SAFETY COMMITTEE AGENDA DATE: December 18, 2019 LOCATION: City Hall Conference Room TtrME: 4:00 P.M. I. CAIL TO ORDER II. ANNOUNCE MEMBERS IN A'|'TENDANCE (VERIFY QUORUM) II]. ADOP]'ION OF MINUTES: October 16.2019 IV. DEPARTMENT REPORTS I . Building & Codes Department: Monthly Reports 2. Police Department: Monlhly Reports 3. Fire Rescue: Monthly Reports COMMITTEE ACTION REQUIRED None VI. CITY COLTNCIL ACTION REQUIRED ORDINANCH 49-2019-20: AN ORDINANCH TO AMEND THE CITY CODE PERTAINING TO A PROHIBITION ON ELECTRIC MOTORIZED BICYCLES. SCOOTERS, AND SKATEBO ARDS (Councilman lkileman) VII. OTHER None VIli. ADJOTJRNMENT IX. PUBLIC COMMENTS 1) Recovery S;,raposium presentation by April Bames. RN, Director of Outreach at The Next Door Treatment Center (Councilman Richmond) PUBLIC SAFETY COMMITTEE MEETING MINUTES October 16,2019 - 4:00 p.m. City Hall Conference Room Attending Committee Members: Councilman Jeff Henley, Chairman; Councilman Erb, Councilman Travis Holleman; Councilman Vonde[1 Richmond: Councilwoman Wanda Smith Others Present: Mayor Joe Pitts, Fire Chief Freddie Montgomery, Police Chief Alonzo Ansley, Building & Codes Interim Director David Smith, Richard Stevens, Kathy Gray The meeting was called to order at 4:00 p.m. by Chairman Henley and it was noted there was a quorum. Minutes from the Scptember 18,2019 meeting were approved by the committee after a motion was made by Councilwoman Smith and seconded bv Councilman Richmond. BUILDING & CODES: -Mr. Smith stated that he would answer any questions regarding the monthly reports Commercial permits are tracking as usual. Permits are up on building, and are close in volume to two years ago. Codes has slowed down, probably due to a reduction in grass growing. -
Re-Thinking Energy in Johnson County
Re-thinking Energy in Johnson County FINAL REPORT Authors: Hunter Staszak Nolan Dewitte Jessica Oliver Emily Schmitz Leon Begay Jack Johansen Heather Flynn Prepared For: Johnson County Clean Energy District Environmental Management and Policy, URP 6256 Faculty advisors: Dr. Laurian and Dr. Spak School of Urban and Regional Planning Spring 2020 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 4 Project Purpose, Scope and Area ............................................................................................................... 4 Methodology and Approaches .................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 1. Public Outreach and Professional Training .......................................................... 6 1. Household Energy Visualization and Energy-Saving Games and Apps ……………………………….. 6 The Chicago Neighborhood Energy Challenge....................................................................... 7 Dropoly ................................................................................................................................... 8 Power House .......................................................................................................................... 9 2. Contractor Certifications ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Building Performance Institute Core and Advanced Certifications ..................................... 10 LEED Certifications -
The MAC, December 2017
Number Forty Three December 2017 As the festive season approaches the EACC Club membership levels have increased during the committee and yours truly would very much like to course of the year. The bank balance is healthy be among the first to wish all members of the club mainly due to the increase in demand for all the very best for an enjoyable and peaceful registration dating certificates. Christmas and New Year celebration. The market prices for classics bikes and cars appears to have levelled off and in some cases it is News. falling at this time. So if you are the proud owner of a Brough Superior that you spent a large part of Quite considerable interest was shown by you, the your fortune on, at auction during the last two club members, of items in the last newsletter, three years. You might have to wait a few years to items in particular, the restoration project, Julian recover your money. Harajda s Makuli Messerschmitt and the one on electric bicycles. I had three offers of electric bicycle kits, there were requests for before restoration pictures of Julian's Messerschmitt, and various opinions regarding originality and levels of restoration. All good stuff, thanks for your comments. There has been a welcome and good amount of interest shown in the proposed Cyclemotor (CARD) event that will take place on 29th July next year by the Velo Solex group website. I understand from Paul Grogan that a few Solex enthusiasts will be travelling down from the midlands to take part. It will certainly be good to Ian with his 1964 Mobylette AV42 see several Velo Solex's in action, these days they that he displayed at the Edenbridge show.