DOCSLIB.ORG

A Semantic Web Approach to Digital Rights Management

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Semantic Web Approach to Digital Rights Management A Semantic Web approach to Digital Rights Management by Roberto García González Ph.D. Thesis Doctorate in Computer Science and Digital Communication Department of Technologies Advisor: Dr. Jaime Delgado Mercé Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, November 2005 Dipòsit legal: B.26401-2007 ISBN: 978-84-690-7821-1 A Rosa Acknowledgments Gracias Rosa, sin ti esta tesis no hubiese visto la luz. Gracias a mis padres, hermana, abuelos, tíos... siempre me habéis motivado a seguir. Recién acabada la presentación del proyecto final de carrera ya me preguntabais por lo que vendría des- pués. Gracias a mi director de tesis, Jaime Delgado, sobretodo por aquella recomendación a finales de 1999 sobre que me mirase algo llamado RDF... ahí empezó todo. I would also like to acknowledge the following people. Aldo Gangemi, Jos Lehmann, Carola Cate- nacci, Massimiliano Ciaramita, Daniela Tiscornia and Maria Teresa Sagri for their feedback during the Legal Modelling Seminar held in Rome on June 2005. John F. Sowa for his encouraging com- ment about the "State of the Art" part. And Adam Pease for his comments about the mapping to SUMO. Abstract In order to improve the management of copyright in the Internet, known as Digital Rights Manage- ment, there is the need for a shared language for copyright representation. Current approaches are based on purely syntactic solutions, i.e. a grammar that defines a rights expression language. These languages are difficult to put into practice due to the lack of explicit semantics that facilitate its im- plementation. Moreover, they are simple from the legal point of view because they are intended just to model the usage licenses granted by content providers to end-users. Thus, they ignore the copyright framework that lies behind and the whole value chain from creators to end-users. The contribution of this work is to apply a semantic approach based on web ontologies to Digital Rights Management. The main contribution is the development of a copyright ontology that puts this approach into practice. It models the copyright core concepts for creations, rights and the basic kinds of actions that operate on them. Altogether allows building a copyright framework for the complete value chain. The set of actions operating on content are the building blocks that combined cope with the complexity of the copyright domain. At the same time, their simplicity guarantees a high level of interoperability and evolvability. The resulting copyright modelling framework is flexible and complete enough to model many copyright scenarios, not just those related to the economic exploitation of content. Additionally, the ontology design and the selection of tools result in a straightforward imple- mentation. Rights are modelled as classes of actions, action patterns are modelled also as classes and concrete actions are modelled as instances. Then, to check if some right or license grants an action is reduced to check for class subsumption and instance classification, which are the main functionalities of Description Logic reasoners. These checks are guided by the modal operators implicit in some of the case roles used in the ontology. An additional contribution is to apply the same approach to the main rights expression lan- guages, which are based on syntactic solutions. For each of these initiatives, a web ontology has been developed that captures the language grammar but also formalises its implicit semantics. Thus, it is easier to develop tools for these languages and they can be integrated in the general framework of the Copyright Ontology. The integration produces benefits in both directions. On one hand, the copyright ontology can benefit from it because new requirements are detected an it can be evaluated against real world needs. On the other hand, the copyright ontology can con- tribute its formal semantics to these syntax-based initiatives. Contents Title Page ............................................... i Abstract ................................................ ix List of Figures ............................................ xvii List of Tables ............................................. xx 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Outline ............................................. 2 I State of the Art 4 2 Knowledge Representation 5 2.1 Tacit Knowledge ........................................ 5 2.2 Knowledge Sharing ...................................... 7 2.3 Information .......................................... 8 2.4 Knowledge Formalisation .................................. 8 2.5 Knowledge Representations ................................. 9 2.5.1 Principles ....................................... 10 2.5.2 Levels of representation ............................... 11 2.6 Logic .............................................. 12 2.6.1 Logic types ...................................... 13 2.7 Semantics ........................................... 15 2.7.1 Semiotics ........................................ 16 2.7.2 Sense and reference .................................. 16 2.7.3 Automatic semantics ................................. 18 2.8 Inference ............................................ 19 x Contents xi 2.8.1 Deduction ....................................... 19 2.8.2 Abduction ....................................... 22 2.8.3 Induction ....................................... 22 2.8.4 Analogy ........................................ 22 2.9 Ontology ............................................ 22 2.9.1 Upper Ontologies ................................... 24 2.10 KR Technologies ........................................ 26 2.10.1 Logic programming ................................. 26 2.10.2 Production systems .................................. 27 2.10.3 Semantic Networks .................................. 28 2.10.4 Description Logics .................................. 28 2.10.5 Conceptual Graphs .................................. 29 2.11 Knowledge into Practice ................................... 31 2.11.1 Knowledge Engineering ............................... 31 2.11.2 Knowledge Management .............................. 31 3 Web Technologies 32 3.1 Introduction .......................................... 32 3.2 Building blocks ........................................ 33 3.2.1 URI ........................................... 34 3.2.2 HTTP .......................................... 34 3.2.3 HTML ......................................... 35 3.3 Current situation ....................................... 35 3.3.1 Device proliferation scenario ............................ 35 3.3.2 Search engines scenario ............................... 36 3.3.3 Business scenario ................................... 37 3.3.4 Copyright scenario .................................. 37 3.4 Recent developments ..................................... 37 3.4.1 XML .......................................... 37 3.4.2 Web Services ..................................... 38 4 Semantic Web 42 4.1 Motivation ........................................... 43 4.2 Tendencies ........................................... 46 Contents xii 4.3 Built-in Semantics ....................................... 47 4.4 Explicit Semantics ....................................... 47 4.5 Semantic Web of Agents ................................... 49 4.6 Knowledge Representation ................................. 50 4.7 Semantic Web Principles ................................... 50 4.7.1 Everything identifiable is on the Semantic Web .................. 51 4.7.2 Partial information .................................. 51 4.7.3 Evolution ....................................... 51 4.7.4 Web of trust ...................................... 52 4.7.5 Minimalist design .................................. 52 4.7.6 Common Models ................................... 52 4.7.7 Rhizome metaphor .................................. 53 4.8 Semantic Web Architecture ................................. 54 4.8.1 URI and UNICODE ................................. 54 4.8.2 XML and Namespaces ................................ 55 4.8.3 RDF Model and Syntax ............................... 55 4.8.4 RDF Schema ...................................... 56 4.8.5 Ontology ........................................ 58 4.8.6 Rules .......................................... 59 4.8.7 Logic .......................................... 59 4.8.8 Proof .......................................... 60 4.8.9 Trust .......................................... 60 4.9 Semantic Web Services .................................... 61 5 Rights Expression Languages 63 5.1 Introduction .......................................... 63 5.1.1 Motivation ....................................... 64 5.1.2 Trusted Systems .................................... 65 5.1.3 DRM and the Law .................................. 65 5.2 Rights Expression Languages ................................ 66 5.2.1 History ......................................... 68 5.2.2 Using Rights Expression Languages ........................ 69 5.2.3 RELs Analysis ..................................... 69 Contents xiii 5.3 Creative Commons (CC) ................................... 73 5.3.1 Contract ........................................ 73 5.3.2 Control ......................................... 74 5.3.3 Data Elements ..................................... 74 5.4 Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL) .......................... 77 5.4.1 Contract ........................................ 78 5.4.2 Control ......................................... 79 5.4.3 Data Elements ..................................... 79 5.5 MPEG-21 ...........................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Metadata for Semantic and Social Applications
    etadata is a key aspect of our evolving infrastructure for information management, social computing, and scientific collaboration. DC-2008M will focus on metadata challenges, solutions, and innovation in initiatives and activities underlying semantic and social applications. Metadata is part of the fabric of social computing, which includes the use of wikis, blogs, and tagging for collaboration and participation. Metadata also underlies the development of semantic applications, and the Semantic Web — the representation and integration of multimedia knowledge structures on the basis of semantic models. These two trends flow together in applications such as Wikipedia, where authors collectively create structured information that can be extracted and used to enhance access to and use of information sources. Recent discussion has focused on how existing bibliographic standards can be expressed as Semantic Metadata for Web vocabularies to facilitate the ingration of library and cultural heritage data with other types of data. Harnessing the efforts of content providers and end-users to link, tag, edit, and describe their Semantic and information in interoperable ways (”participatory metadata”) is a key step towards providing knowledge environments that are scalable, self-correcting, and evolvable. Social Applications DC-2008 will explore conceptual and practical issues in the development and deployment of semantic and social applications to meet the needs of specific communities of practice. Edited by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas DC-2008
    [Show full text]
  • Troubling the Waters for Healing of the Church
    Troub s ling ter the Wa for Healing of the Church A journey for White Christians from privilege to partnership Leaders Guide and Participants Handouts Troubling the Waters for Healing of the Church A journey for White Christians from privilege to partnership Credits The Commission for Multicultural Ministries of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America would like to thank and acknowledge the following people for their involvement in this project: Development Team Joyce Caldwell, project coordinator and lead writer Paul Benz, co-facilitator and secondary writer Project Support Tamara Borland Consultation Team Valerian Ahles Marilyn Liden Bode Sharon Eaton Matthew Ernst Maria Hall Lucy Kolin Marc Miller Roberta (Bobby) Parish Larry Peterson Hank Suhr Frankie Sweetnam Project Director D. Christine May Graphic Designer Sharon Schuster Logo Art Marilyn Liden Bode Pilot events of this resource took place in Seattle, Washington; New Brunswick, New Jersey; and Ames, Iowa. We give special thanks to the many contributions of Lutheran Human Relations Association (LHRA) to this work. The study and application of the story of The Good Samaritan in Luke 10 and of Peter and Cornelius in Acts 10 and 11 were developed by LHRA . The worksheets on the Cultural Pyramid, Levels of Racism, Racial Identity Development, and Levels of Congregational Development are also used with thanks and appreciation for the research and program development of LHRA. The Commission for Multicultural Ministries recognizes and celebrates the Lutheran Human Relations Association for over 50 years of work against racism. The Commission for Multicultural Ministries acknowledges and thanks Thrivent Financial for Lutherans for providing the grant to make this project possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Saving the Information Commons a New Public Intere S T Agenda in Digital Media
    Saving the Information Commons A New Public Intere s t Agenda in Digital Media By David Bollier and Tim Watts NEW AMERICA FOUNDA T I O N PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE Saving the Information Commons A Public Intere s t Agenda in Digital Media By David Bollier and Tim Watts Washington, DC Ack n owl e d g m e n t s This report required the support and collaboration of many people. It is our pleasure to acknowledge their generous advice, encouragement, financial support and friendship. Recognizing the value of the “information commons” as a new paradigm in public policy, the Ford Foundation generously supported New America Foundation’s Public Assets Program, which was the incubator for this report. We are grateful to Gigi Sohn for helping us develop this new line of analysis and advocacy. We also wish to thank The Open Society Institute for its important support of this work at the New America Foundation, and the Center for the Public Domain for its valuable role in helping Public Knowledge in this area. Within the New America Foundation, Michael Calabrese was an attentive, helpful colleague, pointing us to useful literature and knowledgeable experts. A special thanks to him for improv- ing the rigor of this report. We are also grateful to Steve Clemons and Ted Halstead of the New America Foundation for their role in launching the Information Commons Project. Our research and writing of this report owes a great deal to a network of friends and allies in diverse realms. For their expert advice, we would like to thank Yochai Benkler, Jeff Chester, Rob Courtney, Henry Geller, Lawrence Grossman, Reed Hundt, Benn Kobb, David Lange, Jessica Litman, Eben Moglen, John Morris, Laurie Racine and Carrie Russell.
    [Show full text]
  • The Global Brain Beyond the Correlationist Paradigm in Architecture ACADIA2010 Life In:Formation 33 | 412
    ACADIA2010 32 life in:formation author: Karl Chu organization: Professor, Pratt Institute country: United States The Global Brain Beyond The Correlationist Paradigm In Architecture ACADIA2010 life in:formation 33 | 412 “The necessity of contingency: it could not be otherwise than everything could be otherwise.” Quentin Meillassoux It has been three-quarters of a century since Alan Turing published in 1936 “On Computable Numbers with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem,” where he introduced the modern concept of computation: the Universal Turing Machine that serves as a classical model, as opposed to the quantum model, of computation. Since then, it has transformed the way we think and interact with the world to such an extent that there is now a new conception of the world emerging: the global brain. It’s an idea that is seldom explicitly stated but is nonetheless implicit in the trajectory toward the formation of a planetary computing system. However, if we look at the early stages of the application of computing systems, we find that the middle to late modern era was ushered in by the Department of Defense, which finds its expression in the development and explosion of the first atomic bomb in 1945 and subsequently, the Internet in 1969. Incidentally, it should be noted that J. C. R. Licklider, head of the Advanced Research Project Agency of the Defense, came up with the idea for an Intergalactic Computer Network in 1962. This is to illustrate the range, deployment and implications contained in the phenomenon of universal computation beyond the scope understood and utilized by most architects working with computers today.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Semantic Web to Social Machines
    ARTICLE IN PRESS ARTINT:2455 JID:ARTINT AID:2455 /REV [m3G; v 1.23; Prn:25/11/2009; 12:36] P.1 (1-6) Artificial Intelligence ••• (••••) •••–••• Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Artificial Intelligence www.elsevier.com/locate/artint From the Semantic Web to social machines: A research challenge for AI on the World Wide Web ∗ Jim Hendler a, , Tim Berners-Lee b a Tetherless World Constellation, RPI, United States b Computer Science and AI Laboratory, MIT, United States article info abstract Article history: The advent of social computing on the Web has led to a new generation of Web Received 24 September 2009 applications that are powerful and world-changing. However, we argue that we are just Received in revised form 1 October 2009 at the beginning of this age of “social machines” and that their continued evolution and Accepted 1 October 2009 growth requires the cooperation of Web and AI researchers. In this paper, we show how Available online xxxx the growing Semantic Web provides necessary support for these technologies, outline the challenges we see in bringing the technology to the next level, and propose some starting places for the research. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Much has been written about the profound impact that the World Wide Web has had on society. Yet it is primarily in the past few years, as more interactive “read/write” technologies (e.g. Wikis, blogs and photo/video sharing) and social network- ing sites have proliferated, that the truly profound nature of this change is being felt. From the very beginning, however, the Web was designed to create a network of humans changing society empowered using this shared infrastructure.
    [Show full text]
  • FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING the Global North and South
    Copyright © The authors, 2020 Cover by Nille Leander and Sara Johnsdotter ISBN 978-91-7877-123-3 (print) ISBN 978-91-7877-124-0 (pdf) DOI 10.24834/isbn.9789178771240 Published by the Centre for Sexology and Sexuality Studies, Malmö University Printed at Holmbergs, Malmö 2020 FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING The Global North and South Edited by Sara Johnsdotter The publication can be accessed at mau.diva-portal.org (PDF) Contents Sara Johnsdotter & R. Elise B. Johansen Introduction 7 Ellen Gruenbaum Tensions and Movements: Female Genital Cutting in the Global North and South, Then and Now 23 Lisen Dellenborg The Significance of Engagement — Challenges for Ethnographers and Healthcare Givers in Understanding Human Vulnerability 59 Emmaleena Käkelä Rethinking Female Genital Cutting: From Culturalist to Structuralist Framework for Challenging Violence Against Women 79 Maria Väkiparta Young Men Against FGM/C in Somaliland: Discursively Negotiating Violence, Gender Norms, and Gender Order 103 Inger-Lise Lien Is the Ritual of Female Genital Mutilation an Event that Will Generate a Traumatic Stress Reaction for Cut Children? Cases from The Gambia, Eritrea and Somalia 131 Lisen Dellenborg & Maria Frederika Malmström Listening to the Real Agents of Change: Female Circumcision/Cutting, Female Genital Mutilation and Human Rights 159 R. Elise B. Johansen, in collaboration with Amira Jama Mohammed Ibrahim, Naeema Saeed Sheekh Mohammed, Khadra Yasien Ahmed, Abdirizak Mohamud, Ibrahim Sheick Mohammed Ahmed, & Omar Nur Gaal Methodological Reflections on the Engagement
    [Show full text]
  • The Kid3 Handbook
    The Kid3 Handbook Software development: Urs Fleisch The Kid3 Handbook 2 Contents 1 Introduction 11 2 Using Kid3 12 2.1 Kid3 features . 12 2.2 Example Usage . 12 3 Command Reference 14 3.1 The GUI Elements . 14 3.1.1 File List . 14 3.1.2 Edit Playlist . 15 3.1.3 Folder List . 15 3.1.4 File . 16 3.1.5 Tag 1 . 17 3.1.6 Tag 2 . 18 3.1.7 Tag 3 . 18 3.1.8 Frame List . 18 3.1.9 Synchronized Lyrics and Event Timing Codes . 21 3.2 The File Menu . 22 3.3 The Edit Menu . 28 3.4 The Tools Menu . 29 3.5 The Settings Menu . 32 3.6 The Help Menu . 37 4 kid3-cli 38 4.1 Commands . 38 4.1.1 Help . 38 4.1.2 Timeout . 38 4.1.3 Quit application . 38 4.1.4 Change folder . 38 4.1.5 Print the filename of the current folder . 39 4.1.6 Folder list . 39 4.1.7 Save the changed files . 39 4.1.8 Select file . 39 4.1.9 Select tag . 40 The Kid3 Handbook 4.1.10 Get tag frame . 40 4.1.11 Set tag frame . 40 4.1.12 Revert . 41 4.1.13 Import from file . 41 4.1.14 Automatic import . 41 4.1.15 Download album cover artwork . 42 4.1.16 Export to file . 42 4.1.17 Create playlist . 42 4.1.18 Apply filename format . 42 4.1.19 Apply tag format .
    [Show full text]
  • Release 3.5.3
    Ex Falso / Quod Libet Release 3.5.3 February 02, 2016 Contents 1 Table of Contents 3 i ii Ex Falso / Quod Libet, Release 3.5.3 Note: There exists a newer version of this page and the content below may be outdated. See https://quodlibet.readthedocs.org/en/latest for the latest documentation. Quod Libet is a GTK+-based audio player written in Python, using the Mutagen tagging library. It’s designed around the idea that you know how to organize your music better than we do. It lets you make playlists based on regular expressions (don’t worry, regular searches work too). It lets you display and edit any tags you want in the file, for all the file formats it supports. Unlike some, Quod Libet will scale to libraries with tens of thousands of songs. It also supports most of the features you’d expect from a modern media player: Unicode support, advanced tag editing, Replay Gain, podcasts & Internet radio, album art support and all major audio formats - see the screenshots. Ex Falso is a program that uses the same tag editing back-end as Quod Libet, but isn’t connected to an audio player. If you’re perfectly happy with your favorite player and just want something that can handle tagging, Ex Falso is for you. Contents 1 Ex Falso / Quod Libet, Release 3.5.3 2 Contents CHAPTER 1 Table of Contents Note: There exists a newer version of this page and the content below may be outdated. See https://quodlibet.readthedocs.org/en/latest for the latest documentation.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Generation Digital Content Service for Cultural Heritage Institutions
    A New Generation Digital Content Service for Cultural Heritage Institutions Pierfrancesco Bellini, Ivan Bruno, Daniele Cenni, Paolo Nesi, Michela Paolucci, and Marco Serena Distributed Systems and Internet Technology Lab, DISIT, Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy [email protected] http://www.disit.dsi.unifi.it Abstract. The evolution of semantic technology and related impact on internet services and solutions, such as social media, mobile technologies, etc., have de- termined a strong evolution in digital content services. Traditional content based online services are leaving the space to a new generation of solutions. In this paper, the experience of one of those new generation digital content service is presented, namely ECLAP (European Collected Library of Artistic Perform- ance, http://www.eclap.eu). It has been partially founded by the European Commission and includes/aggregates more than 35 international institutions. ECLAP provides services and tools for content management and user network- ing. They are based on a set of newly researched technologies and features in the area of semantic computing technologies capable of mining and establishing relationships among content elements, concepts and users. On this regard, ECLAP is a place in which these new solutions are made available for inter- ested institutions. Keywords: best practice network, semantic computing, recommendations, automated content management, content aggregation, social media. 1 Introduction Traditional library services in which the users can access to content by searching and browsing on-line catalogues obtaining lists of references and sporadically digital items (documents, images, etc.) are part of our history. With the introduction of web2.0/3.0, and thus of data mining and semantic computing, including social media and mobile technologies most of the digital libraries and museum services became rapidly obsolete and were constrained to rapidly change.
    [Show full text]
  • RDF Query Languages Need Support for Graph Properties
    RDF Query Languages Need Support for Graph Properties Renzo Angles1, Claudio Gutierrez1, and Jonathan Hayes1,2 1 Dept. of Computer Science, Universidad de Chile 2 Dept. of Computer Science, Technische Universit¨at Darmstadt, Germany {rangles,cgutierr,jhayes}@dcc.uchile.cl Abstract. This short paper discusses the need to include into RDF query languages the ability to directly query graph properties from RDF data. We study the support that current RDF query languages give to these features, to conclude that they are currently not supported. We propose a set of basic graph properties that should be added to RDF query languages and provide evidence for this view. 1 Introduction One of the main features of the Resource Description Framework (RDF) is its ability to interconnect information resources, resulting in a graph-like structure for which connectivity is a central notion [GLMB98]. As we will argue, basic concepts of graph theory such as degree, path, and diameter play an important role for applications that involve RDF querying. Considering the fact that the data model influences the set of operations that should be provided by a query language [HBEV04], it follows the need for graph operations support in RDF query languages. For example, the query “all relatives of degree 1 of Alice”, submitted to a genealogy database, amounts to retrieving the nodes adjacent to a resource. The query “are suspects A and B related?”, submitted to a police database, asks for any path connecting these resources in the (RDF) graph that is stored in this database. The query “what is the Erd˝osnumber of Alberto Mendelzon”, submitted to (a RDF version of) DBLP, asks simply for the length of the shortest path between the nodes representing Erd˝osand Mendelzon.
    [Show full text]
  • The Human Encounter with Death
    The Human Encounter With Death by STANISLAV GROF, M.D. & JOAN HALIFAX, PH.D. with a Foreword by ELISABETH KÜBLER-ROSS, M.D D 492 / A Dutton Paperback / $3.95 / In Canada $4.75 Stanislav Grof, M.D., and Joan Halifax, Ph.D., have a unique authority and competence in the interpretation of the human encounter with death. Theirs is an extraordin­ ary range of experience, in clinical research with psyche- delic substances, in cross-cultural and medical anthropology, and in the analysis of Oriental and archaic literatures. Their pioneering work with psychedelics ad­ ministered to individuals dying of cancer opened domains of experience that proved to be nearly identical to those al­ ready mapped in the "Books of the Dead," those mystical visionary accounts of the posthumous journeys of the soul. The Grof/Halifax book and these ancient resources both show the imminent experience of death as a continuation of what had been the hidden aspect of the experience of life. —Joseph Campbell The authors have assisted persons dying of cancer in tran­ scending the anxiety and anger around their personal fate. Using psychedelics, they have guided the patients to death- rebirth experiences that resemble transformation rites practiced in a variety of cultures. Physician and medical anthropologist join here in recreating an old art—the art of dying. —June Singer The Human Encounter With Death is the latest of many re­ cent publications in the newly evolving field of thanatology. It is, however, a quite different kind of book—one that be­ longs in every library of anyone who seriously tries to un­ derstand the phenomenon we call death.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Sense Reasoning with the Semantic Web
    Common Sense Reasoning with the Semantic Web Christopher C. Johnson and Push Singh MIT Summer Research Program Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 [email protected], [email protected] http://groups.csail.mit.edu/dig/2005/08/Johnson-CommonSense.pdf Abstract Current HTML content on the World Wide Web has no real meaning to the computers that display the content. Rather, the content is just fodder for the human eye. This is unfortunate as in fact Web documents describe real objects and concepts, and give particular relationships between them. The goal of the World Wide Web Consortium’s (W3C) Semantic Web initiative is to formalize web content into Resource Description Framework (RDF) ontologies so that computers may reason and make decisions about content across the Web. Current W3C work has so far been concerned with creating languages in which to express formal Web ontologies and tools, but has overlooked the value and importance of implementing common sense reasoning within the Semantic Web. As Web blogging and news postings become more prominent across the Web, there will be a vast source of natural language text not represented as RDF metadata. Common sense reasoning will be needed to take full advantage of this content. In this paper we will first describe our work in converting the common sense knowledge base, ConceptNet, to RDF format and running N3 rules through the forward chaining reasoner, CWM, to further produce new concepts in ConceptNet. We will then describe an example in using ConceptNet to recommend gift ideas by analyzing the contents of a weblog.
    [Show full text]