Civil War: Causes, Dynamics, Consequences Seminar Topics and Reading List Fall Semester 2010
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Ph.D. Program in Political Science The Graduate Center, The City University of New York P SC 87605 (12229) Civil War: Causes, Dynamics, Consequences Seminar Topics and Reading List Fall Semester 2010 Professor Susan L. Woodward Tuesdays 4:15-6:15 p.m. Graduate Center, Room 5200.02 Seminar Room 7395 Tele: 817-8676 Office Hours: Tuesdays 6:30 – Email: [email protected] 8:00 and by appointment Civil war is a subject of scholarly study as old as the field of political science itself. The topic has taken on a new prominence, however, in the post-cold war international environment, and academic research has exploded in the past 15 years. Although the topic is by definition in the field of comparative politics – civil wars are wars that are internal to a particular country and its sovereign borders – this definition does not reflect the reality of contemporary civil wars, including structural causes located in globalization, their regional and transnational dynamics, and the new normative consensus internationally on both the right and the responsibility to intervene to stop the violence. Moreover, as war, students of international relations are also deeply engaged in its study, including current interest in the changing character of war. So, in fact, the literature on civil wars does cross back and forth between comparative politics and international relations, and in its course, reveals their very different theoretical and research approaches to a subject and exposes both the fuzziness of the boundary between the two subfields and the immense differences of mind-set and difficulty of doing genuinely interdisciplinary work. Students in the seminar are free to choose which literatures of political science are most of interest to their study and research, even though the seminar itself is classified as a course in comparative politics. This is a research seminar, which means that the readings and discussion will aim to make the student as knowledgeable about the literature, its debates, unanswered questions, and research frontiers on this topic as possible, while the goal is a research project and paper. Students should be warned that the best of this literature is based on case studies, wonderfully rich but detailed and lengthy. Grading will be based on four responsibilities: one page, or less, summary of the arguments in the readings for each seminar session, to be handed in at the time of that session informed participation in the discussion of the readings for that session 1 providing resident expertise for the seminar on one country case, contributing to the discussion with examples from that case or the literature on that case, as the discussion requires a final research paper, due December 21. Writing assignment deadlines: 1. weekly, a brief summary of the arguments of the readings for that session 2. September 28: research topic due, preferably as a question if you can 4. October 12: your research question due 5. December 7: a 10-minute (maximum) presentation of the argument of your research paper 6. December 21: research paper due Books you may wish to purchase: I have not ordered these books at a local bookstore because I prefer to give our library the benefit of orders on Amazon placed through the Mina Rees site. You will all differ, as well, in what you want to purchase because of your needs for your research project and for the choice you make for your country expertise. Much of the readings, as well, are journal articles and working papers. You may, however, wish to purchase the following (all are in paperback): Stathis Kalyvas, The Logic of Violence in Civil War (Cambridge University Press 2006) David Keen, Conflict and Collusion in Sierra Leone (New York: Palgrave 2005) Jeremy Weinstein, Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence (Cambridge University Press 2007) Peter Uvin, Aiding Violence: The Development Enterprise in Rwanda (West Hartford: Kumarian Press, 1998). Elisabeth Jean Wood, Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in El Salvador (Cambridge University Press 2003) Seminar Schedule August 31 Introduction: An Overview of the Field September 7 Definitions: What is Civil War, and does it matter? Harry Eckstein, “On the Etiology of Internal Wars,” History and Theory 4(2) (1965):133-63, or “Introduction: Toward the Theoretical Study of Internal War,” in Harry Eckstein, ed., Internal War: Problems and Approaches, pp. 1-32. Stathis N. Kalyvas, “What is Political Violence? On the Ontology of Civil War,” Perspectives on Politics 1:3 (2003): 475-494. Stathis N. Kalyvas, The Logic of Violence in Civil War (Cambridge 2006), chapter 1 (pages 16-31). 2 Nils Petter Gleditsch, Peter Wallensteen, Mikael Eriksson, Margareta Sollenberg and Havard Strand, “Armed conflict 1946-2001: A New Dataset,” Journal of Peace Research 39:5 (2002): 615-637. William Reno, “Shadow States and the Political Economy of Civil Wars,” in Mats Berdal and David Malone, eds. Greed and Grievance: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars, pp. 43-68. Alex de Waal, “Mission without End? Peacekeeping in the African Political Marketplace,” International Affairs 85: 1 (2009): 99-113. Further Reading: Annual States in Armed Conflict, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University. Annually, data reported in Journal of Peace Research; most recent is: Lotta Harbom and Peter Wallensteen, “Armed Conflicts, 1946-2009,” Journal of Peace Research 47:4 (2010): 501-509. Paul Brass, Theft of an Idol (Princeton University Press, 1997) Patrick M. Regan and Daniel Norton, “Greed, Grievance, and Mobilization in Civil Wars,” Journal of Conflict Resolution 49:3 (June 2005): 319-336. Carolyn Nordstrom, Shadows of War: Violence, Power, and International Profiteering in the Twenty-First Century (University of California Press 2004) Nicholas Sambanis, Secession: The Demand for Sovereignty (Cambridge University Press, forthcoming). Francesco Strazzari, “Organized Violence and Organized Crime,” Mediterranean Politics, 12:2 (July 2007), 185-209. Roger Petersen, Understanding Ethnic Violence: Fear, Hatred, and Resentment in Twentieth-Century Europe (Cambridge University Press 2002). Roger Gould, “Collective Violence and Group Solidarity: Evidence from a Feuding Society,” American Sociological Review 64 (1991): 356-380. September 21 “Causes” and Classifications Stathis N. Kalyvas, The Logic of Violence in Civil War, chapter 3 (pp. 52-86). James D. Fearon and David Laitin, “Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War,” American Political Science Review 97:1 (2003): 91-106. David Lake and Donald Rothchild, eds., The International Management and Spread of Ethnic Conflict (Princeton University Press 1998), chapter 1 (pp. 3-32). Christopher Cramer, Civil War is not a Stupid Thing/Violence in Developing Countries: War, Memory, Progress (London: Hurst, 2006/Indiana University Press 2007), chapters 2-3 (chapter 6 if you wish to read further), pp. 49-138. David Keen, Conflict and Collusion in Sierra Leone, chapters 1, 3-4, and 16 (pp.1-7, 36-81, 289-319). Samuel Popkin, “Political Entrepreneurs and Peasant Movements in Vietnam,” in Michael Taylor, ed., Rationality and Revolution (Cambridge University Press 1988), 9-62 (or Samuel Popkin, The Rational Peasant: The Political Economy of Rural Society in Vietnam [University of California Press 1979]). 3 Peter Wallensteen and M. Sollenberg, “Armed Conflict and Regional Conflict Complexes, 1989-97,” Journal of Peace Research 35:5 (1998): 621-34. Halvard Buhaug, Kristian Skrede Gleditsch, Helge Holtermann, and Gudrun Ostby, “Poverty, Inequality, and Conflict: Using Within-Country Variation to Evaluate Competing Hypotheses,” paper presented at the International Studies Association, New York, 15-19 February 2009. Stathis Kalyvas, “Civil Wars,” in Carles Boix and Susan C. Stokes, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford University Press 2007): 416-434. Christopher Blattman and Edward Miguel, “Civil War,” Journal of Economic Literature 48:1 (2010): 3-57. Barbara Walter, “Introduction,” and Jack Snyder and Robert Jervis, “Civil War and the Security Dilemma,” in Barbara F. Walter and Jack Snyder, eds., Civil Wars, Insecurity, and Intervention (Columbia University Press 1999), pages 1-37, 261-302. Stephen M. Saideman and Marie-Joelle Zahar, eds., Intra-State Conflict, Governments and Security: Dilemmas of deterrence and assurance (Routledge: 2008), chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 11 (pp. 1-71, 205-221). John Braithwaite, Valerie Braithwaite, Michael Cookson and Leah Dunn, Anomie and Violence: non-truth and reconciliation in Indonesian peacebuilding (ANU Press: 2010), pages 1-35. (available online at: http://epress.anu.edu.au/anomie_citation.html ) Further Reading: Carles Boix, “Economics Root of Civil Wars and Revolutions in the Contemporary World,” World Politics 60 (April 2008): 390-437. The UPPSALA/PRIO dataset: (www.pcr.uu.se/database) Susan L. Woodward, “The Inequality of Violence: On the Discovery of Civil War as a Threat to ‘the North’ in the 1990s and the Debate over Causes and Solutions,” American Political Science Association Task Force on Inequality and Difference in the Developing World, available online at http://www.apsanet.org/imgtest/TaskForceDiffIneqDevWoodward.pdf Paul Collier and Nicholas Sambanis, eds., Understanding Civil War: Evidence and Analysis, volume 1: Africa, volume 2: Europe, Central Asia, and Other Regions (World Bank 2005): Collier-Hoeffler model, with case studies of: Burundi, D.R. Congo, Nigeria, Kenya, Mozambique, Sudan, Algeria, Senegal and Mali, Aceh, Lebanon, Russia, Colombia, Northern Ireland,