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Nepal Human Development Report 2009 STATE TRANSFORMATION and HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Nepal Human Development Report 2009 State Transformation and Human Development

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Nepal Human Development Report 2009 STATE TRANSFORMATION and HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Nepal Human Development Report 2009 State Transformation and Human Development Nepal Human The end of the Cold War worldwide generally moved the focus of armed conflict from clashes between states Nepal to tensions within them. Preventing and averting civil war requires allowing all citizens to resolve their differences through representation and participation in the various fora of state and society from the local Development Report 2009 through to the national level. Redressing exclusion and inequality requires vastly different approaches to Nepal varied sets of circumstances – political, cultural, social, economic, and those created by gender. This report Nepal Human D focuses especially on the structure of the state, emphasizing the importance of inclusion as a trigger for the improvement in other dimensions as well. State Transformation and Nepal As this Report argues, representation can become a catalyst for creating a society that offers greater equality Human Development and justice to all in a number of spheres. And a significant change in political representation demands active, equitable involvement of those now excluded from the processes of framing and implementing policy. This calls first and foremost for opening state structures to participation by groups that have never before engaged in governance. It means transforming the State and Nepali society as the vast majority of the country’s evelopmen inhabitants have known it through most of their lives. This report explores how reform of the electoral system, enhancement of the democratic culture of political parties, and greater decentralisation can widen and deepen the quality of representation and participation, and thus democracy. Nepal has only recently emerged from a decade of civil war and is navigating a fragile peace. Protecting these vital achievements requires managing popular expectations through rule of law, transitional justice, t Report improving access to services by the poor and excluded, fostering a sense of national community and creating a new constitution. It also will entail managing a nation-building process alongside a state restructuring project. With the Comprehensive Peace Accord as a starting point, the Nepal National Human Development Report 2009 2009 attempts to explore the relationships between inclusion, human development and the role of state transformation as a means to these ends. It argues that if inclusion is to be sustained in future, it also requires the fair political representation and integration of various cultural groups and regions in nation State Transformation and Human D building. The Report invites all Nepali stakeholders to engage in the debate on the structure of the state, the modes of democracy they want, and the ways in which they can reconcile their differences harmoniously. Without peace, human development is not possible, and without human development, peace is not sustainable. Nepal Human Development Report State Transformation and Human Development evelopmen t Nepal Human Development Report 2009 STATE TRANSFORMATION AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Nepal Human Development Report 2009 State Transformation and Human Development Copyright @ 2009 United Nations Development Programme Published by United Nations Development Programme Post Office Box 107 Pulchowk Kathmandu, Nepal tel. 977-1-5523200 email. [email protected] website. http://www.undp.org.np All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of UNDP. ISBN: 978-99946-916-2-3 Printed in Nepal by: Jagadamba Press Design and layout by: WordScape TEAM FOR THE PREPARATION OF Nepal Human Development Report 2009 Core Team of Authors Bishwa Nath Tiwari - Lead Author Yash Ghai, Sarah Levit-Shore and Lok Raj Baral Statistics, Maps and Graphs UNDP Reader Group Prakash Dev Pant, Bishwa Nath Tiwari, Ghulam Isaczai, Lazima Onta-Bhatta, Arun Kumar Lal Das and Rudra Suwal Sharad Neupane, Vijaya Singh, Lalita Thapa, Arun Dhoj Adhikary, Sriram Pande, Editor Dharma Swarnakar, Deepak Shrestha, Shawna Tropp Sangita Khadka, Jorn Sorensen, Heather Bryant, Tek Tamata, Amanuel Gebremedhin, Resource Persons and Sean Deely Robert Piper, Anne-Isabelle Degryse-Blateau, Lazima Onta-Bhatta, Peer Reviewers Ghulam Isaczai, Sean Deely, Yuba Raj Khatiwada, Meena Acharya, Dev Raj Dahal, Heather Bryant Chaitanya Mishra, Hira L. Vishwakarma, and Shahrbanou Tadjbakhsh Chitra Lekha Yadav, Mukta S. Lama, Devendra Chhetry, Krishna Hachhethu, Background/Thematic Paper Writers Prakash S. Mahat, Mahendra Lawoti and Chhaya Jha, Ameet Dhakal, Jill Cottrell, Sakuntala Kadirgamar Prakash Dev Pant, Lazima Onta-Bhatta, Bal Gopal Baidya, Shankar Sharma, Review from HDRU, RCC, Sri Lanka Shiva Sharma, Pushpa Raj Kandel, Anuradha Rajivan and other unit staff Suman Subba, Madan P. Pariyar, Meen Bishwakarma, Arun Kumar Lal Das, Review from HDRO, NHDR Unit, UNDP, New York Bishnu Raj Upreti, and Vijaya Kant Karna Tim Scott, Paola Pagliani and Amie Gaye STEERING COMMITTEE Posh Raj Pandey, Hon’ble Member, National Planning Commission - Chairperson Hari D. Pandey, Joint Secretary, National Planning Commission Secretariat - Member Ganga D. Awasthi, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Local Development - Member Bimal Wagle, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Finance - Member Shyam Sundar Sharma, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction - Member Ishwori Prasad Paudyal, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works - Member Bishnu Prasad Lamsal, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Labour and Transport - Member Tunga S. Bastola, Director General, Central Bureau of Statistics - Member Ghulam Isaczai, Deputy Resident Representative (Programme), UNDP - Member Madhavi Singh Shah, Head, Department of Economics, Tribhuvan University - Member Shibesh Chandra Regmi, Chairperson, Association of INGOs - Member Arjun Karki, President, NGO Federation - Member Bal Gopal Baidya, President, Federation of Democratic NGOs - Member Tirtha Biswakarma, Executive Director, Dalit NGO Federation - Member Pasang Sherpa, Chairperson, Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities - Member Bisheshwar Rajak, Chairperson, Madhesi Dalit Development Federation - Member Sharada Pokharel, Acting President, Women Security Pressure Group -Member Chandi R. Dhakal, President, Federation of Nepal Chamber of Commerce and Industries - Member Bishwa Nath Tiwari, NPM, Support for Human Development Initiatives, UNDP - Member Secretary Note: The institution and the position held by the members listed above refer to August 2007, when this committee was formed. ADVISORY COMMITTEE Ganga D. Awasthi, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Local Development Subarna Lal Shrestha, Joint Secretary, National Planning Commission Secretariat Tunga S. Bastola, Director General, Central Bureau of Statistics Shyam Sundar Sharma, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction Bimal Wagle, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Finance Ishwori Prasad Paudyal, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works Bishnu Prasad Lamsal, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Labour and Transport Management Dev Raj Dahal, Head, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Bishwambher Pyakuryal, Professor, Department of Economics, Tribhuvan University Dilli Raj Khanal, Chairperson, Institute of Policy Research and Development Arzu Deuba, Chairperson, Samanata Bina Pradhan, Gender Expert / Freelance Consultant Arjun Karki, President, NGO Federation Shibesh Chandra Regmi, Chairperson, Association of INGOs Jeetpal Kirat, Vice Chairperson, National Foundation for the Development of Indigenous Nationalities John Stompor, Legal Officer, UNOHCHR-Nepal Sharad Neupane, ARR, UNDP Ram P. Yadav, Vice Chairperson, Poverty Alleviation Fund Bal Gopal Baidya, Chairperson, Federation of Democratic NGOs Amanuel Gebremedhin, Senior Reintegration and Recovery Advisor, UNDP Binod K. Chaudhary, President, Confederation of Nepalese Industries Shengjie Li, Director, ILO Chandi Raj Dhakal, President, Federation of National Chamber of Commerce and Industries Sriram Pande, ARR, UNDP Ghulam Isaczai, DRR, UNDP Chhaya Jha, Director, HURDEC Hira Lal Vishwakarma, Technical Advisor, Dalit NGO Federation P ROJECT BOARD Arun Dhoj Adhikary, Coordinator, UNDP Field Offices, UNDP Lazima Onta-Bhatta Bikash Sharma, Energy Officer, ICIMOD Devendra Chhetri, Professor, Department of Statistics, Tribhuvan University Hari D. Pandey Lazima Onta-Bhatta, Gender and Social Inclusion Specialist, UNDP Pushpa Lal Shakya Bishwa Nath Tiwari, National Project Manager, SHDI/UNDP Madhavi Singh Shah Deepak Shrestha Note: The institution and the position held by the members refer to the period of September 2007, when this committee was formed. Preface Previous Nepal Human Development Re- option guarantees a good 'human develop- ports and the reports of many other organi- ment outcome' and in the background will zations have successively mapped underly- remain the peace process itself, which will ing patterns of exclusion, disadvantage and need protection at all costs. Nepal will find vulnerability in Nepal. While the proportion its own formula for securing the peace and of Nepalis living in extreme poverty has low- advancing this complex agenda. ered over the last decade, these underlying patterns of inequity have not changed sig- This year's Nepal Human Development Re- nificantly. port, therefore, explores some of the deci- sions ahead with a view to better understand- If the Comprehensive Peace Agreement is any ing their potential impact on Nepal's human guide, these same patterns
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