Threatened Species Strategy – Year 3 Priority Species Scorecard (2018)

Kangaroo Island Dunnart Sminthopsis fuliginosus aitkeni

Key Findings Kangaroo Island Dunnarts are notoriously difficult to monitor, however, the species is likely to have suffered major declines due to historic land clearing on Kangaroo Island. Security against ongoing habitat loss has been provided through conservation reserves and heritage agreements, so declines may have stabilised. There have been increased efforts in recent years to tackle other threats such as feral cats and Phytophthora, while also engaging private land holders in conservation activities.

Photo: Jody Gates

Significant trajectory change from 2005-15 to 2015-18? No, populations thought to be stable or increasing slightly.

Priority future actions

• Control feral cats and Phytophthora – especially in known dunnart habitats. • Management of fire to reduce habitat loss. • Establish insurance population, either in captivity or within a large feral cat free fenced reserve.

Full assessment information

Background information 2018 population trajectory assessment

1. Conservation status and taxonomy 8. Expert elicitation for population trends 2. Conservation history and prospects 9. Immediate priorities from 2019 3. Past and current trends 10. Contributors 4. Key threats 11. Legislative documents 5. Past and current management 12. References 6. Support from the Australian Government 13. Citation 7. Measuring progress towards conservation

The primary purpose of this scorecard is to assess progress against the year three targets outlined in the Australian Government’s Threatened Species Strategy, including estimating the change in population trajectory of 20 mammal species. It has been prepared by experts from the National Environmental Science Program’s Threatened Species Recovery Hub, with input from a number of taxon experts, a range of stakeholders and staff from the Office of the Threatened Species Commissioner, for the information of the Australian Government and is non-statutory. It has been informed by statutory planning documents that guide recovery of the species, such as Recovery Plans and/or Conservation Advices (see Section 11). The descriptive information in this scorecard is drawn from the Recovery Plan (Gates 2011), the 2014 mammal action plan (Woinarski et al. 2014), results from recent research, and advice from contributing experts.

The background information aims to provide context for estimation of progress in research and management (Section 7) and estimation of population size and trajectories (Section 8).

1 Information current to December 2018 Threatened Species Strategy – Year 3 Priority Species Scorecard (2018)

1. Conservation status and taxonomy Taxonomy: Conservation status 2018 The taxonomy of the species is contested, and it has been listed previously as Sminthopsis aitkeni (Kitchener et al. 1984), and Sminthopsis griseoventer aitkeni EPBC Endangered (Kemper et al. 2011), but has been most recently called Sminthopsis fuliginosus aitkeni following the Endangered SA nomenclature of Jackson and Groves (2015). (as S. aitkeni)

2. Conservation history and prospects The Kangaroo Island Dunnart is currently restricted to the 4405 km2 Kangaroo Island, South Australia, where it now probably occurs only in remnant native vegetation in the western third of the island. The evidence base is meagre, and there is some taxonomic uncertainty, but it may have occurred historically also on nearby mainland South Australia (Kemper et al. 2011). The map below shows the occurrence of Kangaroo Island Dunnart pre- and post- 1990.

The Kangaroo Island Dunnart has been notoriously challenging to sample. It is likely to be rare and is difficult to detect using standard sampling techniques. Hence the evidence base on distribution, population size and trajectory, threats, and habitat requirements is limited. As with many other native species on Kangaroo Island, it is likely to have suffered major declines due to historic land clearing, with this habitat loss particularly pronounced in the eastern part of the island. However, much of the western part of Kangaroo Island, from where all recent records occur, is now well protected in conservation reserves and private conservation land, providing security against ongoing habitat loss. Nonetheless, even in protected areas, it may be affected by ongoing predation by feral cats, and habitat degradation due to fire and Phytophthora-associated vegetation dieback.

3. Past and current trends Population trends for the Kangaroo Island Dunnart are poorly resolved. Historical land clearing would have resulted in substantial losses in population size and distributional extent, but more recent trends are not well established.

Monitoring (existing programs): There is no established and continuing island-wide monitoring program for the Kangaroo Island Dunnart, in part because of the challenge involved in sampling it. In the last 40 years the Kangaroo Island Dunnart has been detected at twelve sites on western Kangaroo Island. A substantial baseline survey was conducted in 1999-2001 (Gates 2001), complemented by more recent sampling which has helped to develop more cost-effective sampling protocols (Hohnen et al. in press). Levels of site occupancy were similar between the 1999-2001 and the 2017-2018 surveys (26% and 27% respectively), but large confidence intervals associated with the estimates mean the 2017-2018 survey was unable to conclude, with any reasonable confidence, whether there has been a change in site

2 Information current to December 2018 Threatened Species Strategy – Year 3 Priority Species Scorecard (2018) occupancy (or population size) in the last two decades. Certainly, the species is reasonably restricted, being detected at only six of the 44 sites sampled in 1999-2001, and five of the 42 sites sampled in 2017-2018. Hohnen et al. (in press) make recommendations for the design of future monitoring surveys, including the site set up and survey duration required to maximise detectability, and these recommendations provide the best chance of detecting both severe and moderate declines.

The Kangaroo Island Land for Wildlife Program (KILfW) has undertaken extensive Kangaroo Island Dunnart camera trapping surveys across approximately 3000 hectares in private properties in western Kangaroo Island (2018). The sites being surveyed by KILfW are in areas that have not previously been surveyed. This survey work will be expanded and is ongoing. Attempts will be made to trap the species at key KILfW monitoring sites in 2019.

Population trends: Tables 1 and 2 summarise the overall trend and status of the Kangaroo Island Dunnart. The information provided in these tables is derived from the recovery plan and conservation advices with some amendments made by contributing experts based on new information.

Table 1. Summary of the available information on Kangaroo Island Dunnart distribution and population size, and (where possible) trend estimates between 2015 and 2018 for each parameter. Population Published 2015 Estimate 2018 Estimate Confidence in estimates parameters (WILD) baseline

Extent of Occurrence 160 km2 * 1500 km2 1500 km2 Medium Area of Occupancy 24 km2 ** 64 km2 64 km2 Low

Dates of records and As per Mammal Based on results provided by R. Hohnen methods used Action plan No reliable Change in occupancy assessed from estimate available; 1999-2001 baseline survey to 2017-18 re- No. mature individuals <2500 but for this report, ? sampling; but the very few detections estimated from rendered it difficult to assess population MAP as ca. 2000 trajectory Medium. No significant change in Any other measure of occupancy from 1999-2001 to 2017-18. In relative abundance n/a n/a n/a both surveys the species’ distribution was (occupancy) restricted (26% and 27% of sites respectively) Medium. Although there may be some fragmentation of populations and habitat due to historic clearing, all known sites No. of subpopulations 1 1 1 are in generally close proximity and likely to be susceptible to the same factors and threat events Nos. of locations arguable; but here taken No. of locations 1 1 1 as for subpopulations Generation time 1 n/a n/a High (as per MAP) * given value derived from known records (1993-2012) reported in Woinarski et al. (2014), but more realistic EOO is western third of KI; or ca. 1500 km2. ** based on no. of 2 km x 2 km grid cells with records; however recent modelling indicates occurrence in 294 km2 (R. Hohnen unpubl.)

3 Information current to December 2018 Threatened Species Strategy – Year 3 Priority Species Scorecard (2018)

Table 2. Estimated recent (2005-2015) and current (2015-2018) population trends for the Kangaroo Island Dunnart.

Est. % of Confidence Confidence total 2005- 2015- in in Sub-population pop’n 2015 2018 Details 2005-2015 2015-2018 (pre- trend trend trend trend 2015)

The population size of the Kangaroo Whole Island Dunnart has declined historically population 100 n/a n/a due to land clearing. Current population (Kangaroo ? ? trends are not well resolved (Hohnen et Island) al. in press).

KEY: Improving Stable Deteriorating Unknown Confidence Description High Trend documented Medium Trend considered likely based on documentation

? Low Trend suspected but evidence indirect or equivocal

4. Key threats The threats listed here are derived from the Recovery Plan (Gates 2011), the 2014 Mammal Action Plan (Woinarski et al. 2014), results from recent research, and advice from contributing experts based on new information. Note that we do not consider all plausible threats, but rather focus on the threats that are likely to have the largest impact on populations. Note that this is not a list of all plausible threats, but a subset of the threats that are likely to have the largest impact on populations. Inappropriate fire regimes Uncontrolled bushfires may cause the extirpation of local Kangaroo Island Dunnart populations and the short-medium term loss of habitat. An analysis of all dunnart records to date indicates that of the 42 known records with known fire history, the majority (27) are 10-20 years post-fire, with four records in the recently burnt category (>10 years post-fire), and four in the long unburnt category (>20 years post- fire) (Gates 2001). Fire may also compound impacts due to predation by feral cats, with cats likely to hunt preferentially, and have more impacts, in recently and extensively burnt areas. Fire regimes may also be influenced by climate change. Phytophthora cinnamomi dieback Vegetation degradation due to P. cinnamomi dieback occurs in parts of the range of the Kangaroo Island Dunnart, including in some conservation reserves, and is likely to severely reduce habitat suitability for the Kangaroo Island Dunnart. For example: dunnarts have been recorded sheltering in the skirts of grass trees (Xanthorrhoea australis), a species that is particularly susceptible to P. cinnamomi dieback. Feral cat predation Feral cats are widespread across Kangaroo Island, including in conservation reserves, with densities in some areas at least double the average density on mainland Australia. The extent of impact of cats on dunnarts is not well resolved, but is currently being investigated. Cat impacts may also interact with fire, given that cats are attracted to recently burnt areas and may hunt most effectively in them. This

4 Information current to December 2018 Threatened Species Strategy – Year 3 Priority Species Scorecard (2018) species has been reported in cat dietary studies (Rismiller and McKelvey 2003). Foxes are absent from Kangaroo Island. Land clearance Historical land clearing has likely contributed to dunnart population declines. Around 50% of the natural vegetation on Kangaroo Island remains, but only half of this is conserved within National Parks and reserves. However, a significant amount of private land is now under heritage agreement.

The impacts of the major threats are summarised in Table 3.

Table 3. The major threats facing the Kangaroo Island Dunnart and their associated impact scores.

CURRENT THREAT IMPACT Threat Timing Extent Severity

1. Increase in fire frequency/intensity Continuing/ongoing >90% of range 20-29%

2. Feral cats Continuing/ongoing >90% of range 20-29%

3. Phytophthora cinnamomi dieback Continuing/ongoing 1-50% of range Not negligible but <20%

Timing: continuing/ongoing; near future: any occurrence probable within one generation (includes former threat no longer causing impact but could readily recur); distant future: any occurrence likely to be further than one generation into the future (includes former threat no longer causing impact and unlikely to recur). Extent: <1% of range; 1-50%; 50-90%; >90%. Severity: (over three generations or 10 years, whichever is longer) Causing no decline; Negligible declines (<1%); Not negligible but <20%; 20-29%; 30-49%; 50-100%; Causing/could cause order of magnitude fluctuations.

5. Past and current management Recent and current management actions that support the conservation of the Kangaroo Island Dunnart are summarised in Table 4. This information is a collation of material provided by experts. Recovery action is guided by the Recovery Plan (2011) (see Section 11).

5 Information current to December 2018 Threatened Species Strategy – Year 3 Priority Species Scorecard (2018)

Table 4. Management actions that support the conservation of the Kangaroo Island Dunnart.

Est. % Action Location Timing Contributors and partners population

Flinders Chase National Park Assess feral cat densities using and surrounding farmland, 2017- Rosie Hohnen (CDU), NESP camera traps (cat densities are 100% western KI private properties, ongoing TSR Hub, DEW (eastern KI) reasonably high (0.4 cats/km2)) eastern KI

Intensive control of feral cats (cage Western KI, but potentially trapping, shooting and detector dog currently Island-wide. DEW cat From use) across known KI Dunnart <10% but KI Land for Wildlife, Terrain eradication initially happening 2018 and habitats. All feral cat stomachs are potentially Ecology. on eastern KI (where there are ongoing being analysed for KI Dunnart 100% no recent dunnart records) remains

Fire management in KI reserves. Development of a KI Dunnart Island-wide Ongoing 100% DEW Parks Ecological Fire Management Strategy.

Phytophthora management, including promotion of visitor and DEW Parks staff, Biosecurity researcher hygiene practices. Conservation reserves and Ongoing 90% Liaison officer, KI Land for Warning signage and footwear Western KI private properties Wildlife, Terrain Ecology cleaning stations are situated on walking trails in some parks.

Improve knowledge of KI Dunnart distribution and determine best Rosie Hohnen (CDU), NESP methods for detecting dunnarts Western KI, Eastern KI private 2017- 100% TSR Hub, KI Land for Wildlife, (using Elliot, pitfall and camera traps) properties 2018 Terrain Ecology. to inform effective monitoring program.

KI Land for Wildlife, Terrain Camera trapping across KI private Ecology, Australian properties, identifying four known Western Kangaroo Island 2018 10% Government, FAME, sites on private lands (with additional private properties Wettenhall Environment 18 records) Trust

Engage private land owners in conservation activities (with focus on the dunnart). Seven management KI Land for Wildlife, Terrain Western Kangaroo Island 2018 10% plans in draft, identifying specific Ecology management prescriptions (dieback, fire, weeds, feral animal control)

Examine feasibility and non-target impacts of broad scale feral cat Rosie Hohnen (CDU), NESP baiting (using the bait “Eradicat”) on Western Kangaroo Island 2018 100% TSR Hub. western KI, to inform future cat eradication efforts in the area

6 Information current to December 2018 Threatened Species Strategy – Year 3 Priority Species Scorecard (2018)

6. Actions undertaken or supported by the Australian Government resulting from inclusion in the Threatened Species Strategy

A large-scale long-term program is underway to eradicate feral cats on Kangaroo Island and contribute to the protection and recovery of the Kangaroo Island Dunnart. The local council, NRM body, farmers and the broader local community are strongly engaged. Strong partnership potential and local community participation boosts the likelihood of success for the species and the potential for enduring outcomes. Funding has included $236,500 through the Threatened Species Recovery Fund to the Kangaroo Island Natural Resources Management Board.

An additional $165,000 from the National Landcare Program, Threatened Species Recovery Fund, FAME and Wettenhall Environment Trust has been delivered to the Kangaroo Island Land for Wildlife program (2018) for Kangaroo Island Dunnart conservation activities including population monitoring and control of threatening processes; specifically feral cat management and Phytophthora dieback management).

A research project undertaken by the Threatened Species Recovery Hub of NESP, with funding from the Australian government, has undertaken a broad-scale assessment of Kangaroo Island Dunnart distribution and habitat, assessed a range of protocols for monitoring and undertaken some assessment of potential non-target risks of cat management.

7. Measuring progress towards conservation Table 5. Progress towards management understanding and management implementation for each of the major threats affecting the Kangaroo Island Dunnart in 2015 (i.e. timing of TSS implementation) and 2018, using the progress framework developed by Garnett et al. 2018. PROGRESS IN MANAGING THREATS

Threat Year Understanding of how to manage threat Extent to which threat being managed

1. Research being undertaken or completed 4. Solutions are enabling achievement but only with 1. Increase in fire 2015 but limited understanding on how to manage continued conservation intervention frequency/ threat intensity 2. Research has provided strong direction on 4. Solutions are enabling achievement but only with 2018 how to manage threat continued conservation intervention 3. Solutions being trialled but work only 2015 0. No management initiated recently 2. Feral cats 4. Trial management under way but not yet 2. Work has been initiated to roll out solutions where 2018 clear evidence that it can deliver objectives threat applies across the taxon’s range 1. Research being undertaken or completed 2. Work has been initiated to roll out solutions where 3. Phythopthora 2015 but limited understanding on how to manage threat applies across the taxon’s range cinnamomi threat dieback 4. Trial management under way but not yet 2. Work has been initiated to roll out solutions where 2018 clear evidence that it can deliver objectives threat applies across the taxon’s range

> Green shading indicates an improvement in our understanding or management of threats between years 2015 and 2018, while red shading indicates deterioration in our understanding or management of threats

7 Information current to December 2018 Threatened Species Strategy – Year 3 Priority Species Scorecard (2018)

KEY (Table 5): Score Understanding of how to manage threat Extent to which threat is being managed 0 No knowledge and no research No management Research being undertaken or completed but limited 1 Management limited to trials understanding on how to manage threat Research has provided strong direction on how to manage Work has been initiated to roll out solutions where threat 2 threat applies across the taxon’s range Solutions have been adopted but too early to demonstrate 3 Solutions being trialled but work only initiated recently success Trial management under way but not yet clear evidence Solutions are enabling achievement but only with continued 4 that it can deliver objectives conservation intervention Trial management is providing clear evidence that it can Good evidence available that solutions are enabling 5 deliver objectives achievement with little or no conservation intervention Research complete and being applied OR ongoing research 6 The threat no longer needs management associated with adaptive management of threat

8. Expert elicitation for population trends An expert elicitation process was undertaken to assess population trends for the period 2005-2015 and post-2015 under the following management scenarios. Please note that differences between Management Scenarios 2 and 3 (Fig. 1) are difficult to attribute, as it can be difficult to determine whether actions undertaken after 2015 were influenced by the Threatened Species Strategy or were independent of it (see Summary Report for details of methods). Management Scenario 1 (red line): no conservation management undertaken since 2015, and no new actions implemented.

• No effective management of cats, fire, phytophthora or other threats. Populations may persist for decades in private and public reserves in the western third of KI, but numbers gradually eroded by no management of Phytophthora, fire or cats. Management Scenario 2 (blue line): continuation of existing conservation management (i.e. actions undertaken before implementation of the Threatened Species Strategy or independent of the Threatened Species Strategy).

• At least locally effective management of fire, cats and phytophthora Populations probably reasonably stable in private and public reserves in the western third of KI, with some management of fire, cats and Phytophthora. Management Scenario 3 (green line): continuation of existing management, augmented by support mobilised by the Australian Government under the Threatened Species Strategy.

• As for scenario 2, but enhanced management of cats in some areas leading more rapidly to island-wide control. Populations probably stable in private and public reserves in the western third of KI, and in private conservation land in the region with suitable remnant habitat, with some management of fire and Phytophthora, and with gradually increasing control of feral cats (although this will initially be in the eastern part of KI, in which few or no dunnarts occur). Kangaroo Island Dunnart habitat on private property in the west managed for feral cats (with reductions in cat numbers evident).

8 Information current to December 2018 Threatened Species Strategy – Year 3 Priority Species Scorecard (2018)

Overall estimated population trajectories subject to management scenarios considered The Kangaroo Island Dunnart is currently being managed under Scenario 3 (green line).

Figure 1. Estimated relative percentage change in population under each of the management scenarios described above. Data derived from 9 expert assessments of Kangaroo Island Dunnart expected response to management, using four-step elicitation and the IDEA protocol (Hemming et al. 2017), where experts are asked to provide best estimates, lowest and highest plausible estimates, and an associated level of confidence. The dashed line represents the baseline value (i.e. as at 2015, standardised to 100). Values above this line indicate a relative increase in population size, while values below this line indicate a relative decrease in population size. Shading indicates confidence bounds (i.e. the lowest and highest plausible estimates). NB: lower and upper bounds wider than shown in graphs.

Population size projections based on expert elicitation are extended here to 2025, 2035 and 2045 (i.e. 10, 20 and 30 years after the establishment of the Threatened Species Strategy) on the grounds that some priority conservation management actions may take many years to achieve substantial conservation outcomes. However, we note also that there will be greater uncertainty around estimates of population size into the more distant future because, for example, novel threats may affect the species, managers may develop new and more efficient conservation options, and the impacts of climate change may be challenging to predict.

9 Information current to December 2018 Threatened Species Strategy – Year 3 Priority Species Scorecard (2018)

Improved trajectory (Threatened Species Strategy Year 3 target): The primary purpose of this scorecard is to assess progress against achieving the year three targets outlined in the Australian Government’s Threatened Species Strategy, i.e. a demonstrated improved trajectory for at least half of the priority species (10 birds and 10 mammals). To assess this, we first use the expert-derived trend between 2005-15 (i.e. 10 years prior to implementation of the TSS) as a baseline for assessing whether there has been an improvement in trajectory in the time since implementation of the TSS (i.e. 2015-18). Table 6 below summarises this information, where negative values indicate a declining population, and positive values indicate an increasing population. We used Wilcoxon match-paired tests to compare trajectories for these two periods; a significant result (probability <0.05) indicates that there was a high concordance amongst experts that their trajectory estimates for 2005-15 were different to their estimates for 2015-18. Table 6. A comparison of the relative annual percentage population change for the periods 2005-2015 and 2015-2018.

Post-TSS Year 3 Pre-TSS trend Significant concordance among trend target (2005-2015) elicitors (2015-2018) met? Annual Elicitors did not consistently conclude percentage -3.07 -0.56 that there was any change in trajectory population  from the period 2005-15 to 2015-18 change

Additional actions that could improve trajectory The potential impact of carrying out specific additional conservation measures on the population trajectory of the Kangaroo Island Dunnart was also evaluated through expert elicitation. Additional actions that could further improve the population trajectory of the Kangaroo Island Dunnart include:

• Effective control of cats and fire island-wide, and as effective-as-possible management of phytophthora; some translocations of dunnarts to currently unoccupied sites. Populations stable in private and public reserves in the western third of KI, and in some suitable habitat on private conservation land, with effective management of fire and Phytophthora and island-wide eradication or reduction in cat numbers; dunnarts translocated effectively to suitable habitat at more locations on island once feral cats have been eradicated (or, should feral cat eradication be unfeasible). It is difficult to evaluate any change in conservation outlook for this species because there is such limited information on its distribution, abundance, habitat, threats and management requirements. It is likely that ongoing management of fire and Phytophthora in national parks and private conservation reserves has reduced the intensity of some threats. The recent and ongoing program to control – and, ultimately, eradicate – feral cats from Kangaroo Island is likely to achieve substantial benefit to the species. Many stakeholders have contributed to the research and management efforts. This includes support associated with the Threatened Species Strategy towards feral cat control, and research on the distribution and abundance of Kangaroo Island Dunnarts and cats on private reserves and across much of western Kangaroo Island.

10 Information current to December 2018 Threatened Species Strategy – Year 3 Priority Species Scorecard (2018)

9. Immediate priorities from 2019 The priorities listed here are derived from the Recovery Plan (Gates 2011), the 2014 Mammal Action Plan (Woinarski et al. 2014), results from recent research, and advice from contributing experts. Identification of these priorities in this document is for information and is non-statutory. For statutory conservation planning documents, such as Recovery Plans or Conservation Advices, please see Section 11. Data collection: • Examine non-target impacts of feral cat baiting on western KI so as to better understand the feasibility of broad scale cat control. • Continue to attempt to live trap dunnarts for population studies and DNA studies to clarify taxonomy issues Management actions: • Implement targeted monitoring program across public and private land (using camera traps facing drift line fences) to gain an understanding on distribution and habitat parameters while observing behavioural patterns and population trends. • Control of feral cats – especially in known dunnart habitats. • Effective implementation of management to reduce risks and extent of Phytophthora, especially in known dunnart habitats. • Effective management of fire. • Establish insurance population if feasible, either in captive institution or translocate animals into a large feral cat free fenced reserve.

10. Contributors Peter Copley; John Woinarksi, Sarah Legge, Stephen Garnett, Hayley Geyle (NESP TSR Hub); Jody Gates; Heidi Groffen; Pat Hodgens; Rosie Hohnen; Peter Menkhorst; Nicholas MacGregor; Peter Latch; Andrew Burbidge.

11. Legislative documents SPRAT profile: http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=300 Gates, J.A. (2011). Recovery Plan for the Kangaroo Island Dunnart Sminthopsis aitkeni. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, South Australia. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/recovery-plans/recovery-plan-kangaroo- island-dunnart-sminthopsis-aitkeni. In effect under the EPBC Act from 10-Feb-2012 as Sminthopsis aitkeni

11 Information current to December 2018 Threatened Species Strategy – Year 3 Priority Species Scorecard (2018)

12. References Garnett ST, Butchart SHM, Baker GB, Bayraktarov E, Buchanan KL, Burbidge AA, Chauvenet ALM, Christidis L, Ehmke G, Grace M, Hoccom DG, Legge SM, Leiper I, Lindenmayer DB, Loyn RH, Maron M, McDonald P, Menkhorst P, Possingham HP, Radford J, Reside AE, Watson DM, Watson JEM, Wintle B, Woinarski JCZ, Geyle HM (2018) Metrics of progress in the understanding and management of threats to Australian Birds. Conservation Biology https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13220. Gates JA (2001) 'The distribution and ecology of the Kangaroo Island Dunnart Sminthopsis aitkeni.' South Australian Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Kingscote. Gates JA (2011). Recovery Plan for the Kangaroo Island Dunnart Sminthopsis aitkeni. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, South Australia. Hemming V, Burgman MA, Hanea AM, McBride MF, Wintle BC (2017) A practical guide to structured expert elicitation using the IDEA protocol. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 9, 169-180. Hohnen R, Murphy B, Gates J, Legge S, Dickman C, Woinarski J (in press) Detecting and protecting the Kangaroo Island Dunnart (Sminthopsis fuliginosus aitkeni). Conservation Science and Practice. Jackson SM, Groves C (2015) 'Taxonomy of Australian mammals.' (CSIRO Publishing: Clayton South, Australia) Kemper CM, Cooper SJB, Medlin GC, Adams M, Stemmer D, Saint KM, McDowell MC, Austin JJ (2011) Cryptic grey-bellied dunnart (Sminthopsis griseoventer) discovered in South Australia: genetic, morphological and subfossil analyses show the value of collecting voucher material. Australian Journal of Zoology 59, 127-144. Kitchener D, Stoddart J, Henry J (1984) A taxonomic revision of the Sminthopsis murina complex (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae) in Australia, including descriptions of four new species. Records of the Western Australian Museum 11, 201-248. Rismiller PD, McKelvey MW (2003) Twenty-seven years of wildcats and kittens, case history of a feral predator on the Pelican Lagoon Peninsula, Kangaroo Island. In 'Feral cat control, some new ideas for 2003, Kangaroo Island/Roxby Downs'. pp. 9-16. (Kangaroo Island Rotary Club: Kingscote) Woinarski JCZ, Burbidge AA, Harrison PL (2014) 'The Action Plan for Australian Mammals 2012.' (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne)

13. Citation Please cite this document as:

National Environmental Science Program Threatened Species Research Hub (2019) Threatened Species Strategy Year 3 Scorecard – Kangaroo Island Dunnart. Australian Government, Canberra. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/20- mammals-by-2020/kangaroo-island-dunnart

12 Information current to December 2018