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A Short History of Georgian Architecture
A SHORT HISTORY OF GEORGIAN ARCHITECTURE Georgia is situated on the isthmus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. In the north it is bounded by the Main Caucasian Range, forming the frontier with Russia, Azerbaijan to the east and in the south by Armenia and Turkey. Geographically Georgia is the meeting place of the European and Asian continents and is located at the crossroads of western and eastern cultures. In classical sources eastern Georgia is called Iberia or Caucasian Iberia, while western Georgia was known to Greeks and Romans as Colchis. Georgia has an elongated form from east to west. Approximately in the centre in the Great Caucasian range extends downwards to the south Surami range, bisecting the country into western and eastern parts. Although this range is not high, it produces different climates on its western and eastern sides. In the western part the climate is milder and on the sea coast sub-tropical with frequent rains, while the eastern part is typically dry. Figure 1 Map of Georgia Georgian vernacular architecture The different climates in western and eastern Georgia, together with distinct local building materials and various cultural differences creates a diverse range of vernacular architectural styles. In western Georgia, because the climate is mild and the region has abundance of timber, vernacular architecture is characterised by timber buildings. Surrounding the timber houses are lawns and decorative trees, which rarely found in the rest of the country. The population and hamlets scattered in the landscape. In eastern Georgia, vernacular architecture is typified by Darbazi, a type of masonry building partially cut into ground and roofed by timber or stone (rarely) constructions known as Darbazi, from which the type derives its name. -
June 15 - 21, 2018
The /asian_telegraph w us /theasiantelegraph /company/theasiantelegraph ollo June 15 - 21, 2018 F .theasiantelegraph.net Vol # IX Issue XXIII Asian Telegraph Weekly / Islamabad Prince Mohammed Galen G. Weston Chairman, CEO & Member bin Salman of Management Board, Leader of modernization Loblaw Companies Ltd. Galen G. Weston, born 19th Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, Prince Mohammad bin Salman was born in Jeddah on August 31, 1985. His father name is Crown Prince December 1972 is also known Salman and mother's name is Fahda Bint Falah Bin Sultan Bin as Galen Weston Jr. Hathleen Al-Ajmi. Next on Page 2 Next on Page 07 China Praises North Korea President Mamnoon Over Kim-Trump Summit visits Tajikistan on a President Xi extends full support to Kim Four-Day Trip Continued on Page 3 Chinese President, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and Chinese president, Continued on Page 2 held talks with Kim Jong-un, President, Mamnoon Hussain resumption of air flights Chairman of the Workers' arrived Tajikistan on Monday between the two countries”. Party of Korea (WPK) and (June 18) on a four-day official Deputy Prime Minister of COAS Visits Afghanistan Chairman of the State Affairs visit to Tajikistan. Tajikistan Zokor Zoda Mahmad C o m m i s s i o n o f t h e Pakistan and Tajikistan agreed to Toir war mly received the Democratic People's Republic further fortify their relations by president upon ar rival at Amid Peace Push of Korea (DPRK), in Beijing adopting measures to take Dushanbe airport. -
Acceptance and Rejection of Foreign Influence in the Church Architecture of Eastern Georgia
The Churches of Mtskheta: Acceptance and Rejection of Foreign Influence in the Church Architecture of Eastern Georgia Samantha Johnson Senior Art History Thesis December 14, 2017 The small town of Mtskheta, located near Tbilisi, the capital of the Republic of Georgia, is the seat of the Georgian Orthodox Church and is the heart of Christianity in the country. This town, one of the oldest in the nation, was once the capital and has been a key player throughout Georgia’s tumultuous history, witnessing not only the nation’s conversion to Christianity, but also the devastation of foreign invasions. It also contains three churches that are national symbols and represent the two major waves of church building in the seventh and eleventh centuries. Georgia is, above all, a Christian nation and religion is central to its national identity. This paper examines the interaction between incoming foreign cultures and deeply-rooted local traditions that have shaped art and architecture in Transcaucasia.1 Nestled among the Caucasus Mountains, between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, present-day Georgia contains fewer than four million people and has its own unique alphabet and language as well as a long, complex history. In fact, historians cannot agree on how Georgia got its English exonym, because in the native tongue, kartulad, the country is called Sakartvelo, or “land of the karvelians.”2 They know that the name “Sakartvelo” first appeared in texts around 800 AD as another name for the eastern kingdom of Kartli in Transcaucasia. It then evolved to signify the unified eastern and western kingdoms in 1008.3 Most scholars agree that the name “Georgia” did not stem from the nation’s patron saint, George, as is commonly thought, but actually comes 1 This research addresses the multitude of influences that have contributed to the development of Georgia’s ecclesiastical architecture. -
Georgian Country and Culture Guide
Georgian Country and Culture Guide მშვიდობის კორპუსი საქართველოში Peace Corps Georgia 2017 Forward What you have in your hands right now is the collaborate effort of numerous Peace Corps Volunteers and staff, who researched, wrote and edited the entire book. The process began in the fall of 2011, when the Language and Cross-Culture component of Peace Corps Georgia launched a Georgian Country and Culture Guide project and PCVs from different regions volunteered to do research and gather information on their specific areas. After the initial information was gathered, the arduous process of merging the researched information began. Extensive editing followed and this is the end result. The book is accompanied by a CD with Georgian music and dance audio and video files. We hope that this book is both informative and useful for you during your service. Sincerely, The Culture Book Team Initial Researchers/Writers Culture Sara Bushman (Director Programming and Training, PC Staff, 2010-11) History Jack Brands (G11), Samantha Oliver (G10) Adjara Jen Geerlings (G10), Emily New (G10) Guria Michelle Anderl (G11), Goodloe Harman (G11), Conor Hartnett (G11), Kaitlin Schaefer (G10) Imereti Caitlin Lowery (G11) Kakheti Jack Brands (G11), Jana Price (G11), Danielle Roe (G10) Kvemo Kartli Anastasia Skoybedo (G11), Chase Johnson (G11) Samstkhe-Javakheti Sam Harris (G10) Tbilisi Keti Chikovani (Language and Cross-Culture Coordinator, PC Staff) Workplace Culture Kimberly Tramel (G11), Shannon Knudsen (G11), Tami Timmer (G11), Connie Ross (G11) Compilers/Final Editors Jack Brands (G11) Caitlin Lowery (G11) Conor Hartnett (G11) Emily New (G10) Keti Chikovani (Language and Cross-Culture Coordinator, PC Staff) Compilers of Audio and Video Files Keti Chikovani (Language and Cross-Culture Coordinator, PC Staff) Irakli Elizbarashvili (IT Specialist, PC Staff) Revised and updated by Tea Sakvarelidze (Language and Cross-Culture Coordinator) and Kakha Gordadze (Training Manager). -
Startert & Salads
STARTERT & SALADS Soft salted salmon with toast and green cream 100 gr 320 Herring with marinated red onion and boiled potato 240 gr 350 Home made pancakes with red caviar and traditional garnish 110/45/60 gr 560 Mini patties with the stuffing of Your choice (with cabbage and egg / meat / fish) 105 gr 300 Home made roast beef with marinated vegetables and pearl leek 130 gr 440 Russian salad "Olivie" with roasted quails and crayfish 245 gr 580 Salad with crab meat, smoked trout and ice-cream of crustaceans with anise 200 gr 640 Assorted fish 220 gr 890 Assorted meat 180 gr 690 Assorted pickles 220 gr 410 Vegetable salad with aromatic herbs, walnuts and wine vinegar dressing 300 gr 420 Cold red lobio - Salad of red beans with pomegranate 180 gr 450 Gibzhaliya - suluguni cheese with nadugi stuffed with mint and coriander 165 gr 490 Roasted red peppers stuffed with a spicy nuts 95 gr 350 Grilled eggplant with aromatic herbs and walnuts 100 gr 350 Spinach Pkhali 100 gr 350 Assorted vegetable snacks stuffed with spicy walnut 485 (Baked peppers, eggplant and spinach pkhali) 140 gr Satsivi - pieces of boiled chicken with "Bazhe" sauce of walnuts, onions 460 and Georgian spices 260 gr Grilled beef salad with crunchy vegetables 160 gr 690 Vegeterian Spicy Russian Georgian Thai European Menu is valid from 11 am till 23 pm. From 23 pm till 11 am night menu is valid Dear guests, the 8% of total amount of your check will be charged additionally as a service charge. All prices are in rubles and include VAT. -
What Makes a Restaurant Ethnic? (A Case Study Of
FORUM FOR ANTHROPOLOGY AND CULTURE, 2017, NO. 13 WHAT MAKES A RESTAURANT ETHNIC? (A CASE STUDY OF ARMENIAN RESTAURANTS IN ST PETERSBURG) Evgenia Guliaeva Th e Russian Museum of Ethnography 4/1 Inzhenernaya Str., St Petersburg, Russia [email protected] A b s t r a c t: Using restaurants in St Petersburg serving Armenian cuisine as a case study, the article studies the question of what makes an ethnic restaurant ethnic, what may be learnt about ethnicity by studying a restaurant serving a national cuisine, and to what extent the image of Armenian cuisine presented in Armenian restaurants corresponds to what Armenian informants tell us. The conclusion is that the composition of the menu in these restaurants refl ects a view of Armenian cuisine from within the ethnic group itself. The representation of ethnicity is achieved primarily by discursive means. Neither owners, nor staff, nor customers from the relevant ethnic group, nor the style of the interior or music are necessary conditions for a restaurant to be accepted as ethnic. However, their presence is taken into account when the authenticity or inauthenticity of the restaurant is evaluated. Armenian informants, though, do not raise the question of authenticity: this category is irrelevant for them. Keywords: Armenians, ethnicity, ethnic restaurants, national cuisine, authenticity, St Petersburg. To cite: Guliaeva E., ‘What Makes a Restaurant Ethnic? (A Case Study of Armenian Restaurants in St Petersburg)’, Forum for Anthropology and Culture, 2017, no. 13, pp. 280–305. U R L: http://anthropologie.kunstkamera.ru/fi -
RIGI Menu ENG October
COLDS MAIN DISHES MAIN HOTS APPETIZERS Everything new is a well-forgotten old. Our gastronomic douqan is a new enterprise and a part of our history and culture that always has decorated our capital city as well as the whole country. The culture of douqan has flourished in Georgia in XVIII-XIX centuries. With their colorful environment and rich menus, you could have come across them in whatever walks of life - cotton row , iron row, dark row, crystal row, coffee row, near Ortachala gardens or the banks of Mtkvari river. Due to the douqan’s culture the paintings of Pirosmani have survived until today. The same culture has enriched our heritage with vastly different names, which reflected the very individualistic and specific Tbilisian environment that each owner of douqan had to offer-Dagrekhilua’s douqan, Japara’s douqan, Abuashvili’s douqan, Lopiana’s douqan and so on and on. The wine was flowing straight from the skin barrels, “Chanari” and “Tsotskhali” fish were caught straight in Mtkvari river. The greens and radish were coming from ortachala gardens. The menu of our gastronomic douqan is the mix of old Tbilisian and regional courses as the main characteristic of Georgian cuisine’s variety is in its regionalism. Here you can feel the mix of highest quality Georgian products, chef’s refined signature, intense aromas and balanced harmonic composition. Sample and Sense It ! Menu developed by Brand Chef Giorgi Sarajishvili Menu concept by “Gastronaut” Appetizers “Khoncha” means large platter in old Georgian, where the food was offered in small amounts. It was used during rituals, as a gift and for snacks before feasts. -
6. Imereti – Historical-Cultural Overview
SFG2110 SECOND REGIONAL DEVELOPMETN PROJECT IMERETI REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IMERETI TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY Public Disclosure Authorized STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL, CULTURAL HERITAGE AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Tbilisi, December, 2014 ABBREVIATIONS GNTA Georgia National Tourism Administration EIA Environnemental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EMS Environmental Management System IFI International Financial Institution IRDS Imereti Regional Development Strategy ITDS Imereti Tourism Development Strategy MDF Municipal Development Fund of Georgia MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoENRP Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection of Georgia MoIA Ministry of Internal Affairs MoCMP Ministry of Culture and Monument Protection MoJ Ministry of Justice MoESD Ministry of Economic and Sustaineble Developmnet NACHP National Agency for Cultural Heritage Protection PIU Project Implementation Unit PPE Personal protective equipment RDP Regional Development Project SECHSA Strategic Environmental, Cultural Heritage and Social Assessment WB World Bank Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................... 0 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 14 1.1 PROJECT CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................... -
St. Petersburg
Maps Events Restaurants Cafés Nightlife Sightseeing Shopping Hotels St. Petersburg October - November 2014 Mellow Yellow Autumn beyond the city limits More than 10 years in Russia! Fine dining and great view Discover the world of Buddha-Bar inyourpocket.com N°97 Contents Where to eat 28 ESSENTIAL Restaurants in hotels 42 CIT Y GUIDES Nightlife 45 Foreword 4 What to see 48 The Essentials 48 In the News 5 Hermitage 49 Arrival & Getting Around 6 St. Petersburg’s historical outskirts 52 Old Soviet Tours 54 City Basics 8 Where to stay 55 Language 9 Interview with concierge 56 Culture & Events 10 Shopping 58 Concerts and festivals 10 Russian souvenirs 58 Russian rock 16 Live music clubs 18 Expat & Business 60 Exhibitions 20 The Expat Experience 60 Features Maps & Index St. Petersburg theatre life 22 City map 62 Krestovsky and Yelagin Islands 24 Street index 64 Historic dining 35 Metro map 67 Konyushennaya area 43 Moscow 65 0+ www.facebook.com/StPetersburgInYourPocket October - November 2014 3 Foreword In the News Across the meadows whirling blow The yellow leaves of fall; HAPPY UNITY DAY PETROVSKAYA AQUATORIA No verdure in the woodlands now, November 04 is Russia’s Day of Popular Unity. This national September is traditionally associated with education and The dark green pine is all. holiday is a new old holiday having been celebrated for knowledge so what better time to hold the grand open- Beneath the boulder’s hanging crest, the first time in 1649 and commemorates the victorious ing of the historical theatrical scale model “Petrovskaya St. Petersburg In YourESSENTIAL Pocket No more on beds of flowers uprising in 1612 by Minin and Pozharsky which ejected Aquatoria”? This new unique exhibition is dedicated to founded and publishedCI TbyY OOO GUIDES Krasnaya Shapka/In Your Pocket. -
For the Love of Whisky the FINANCIAL with the Production Peak Re- Its Production Accounted for Corded in 2012
Half of unemployed young people in the Women in EU EU ready to relocate have fi rst child for a job on average at 29 See on p. 8 See on p. 13 2 April, 2018 News Making Money http://www.fi nchannel.com “Being a Turk in Georgia, while serving as Turkish Ambassador in Tbilisi, is a pleasant experience” Fatma Ceren Yazgan, Turkish Ambassador to Georgia The FINANCIAL torical links; as well as shared ments and trade relations but social and cultural interac- also the giant projects which tion. For the last twenty fi ve Turkey and Georgia, as well as Q. How have economic years the biggest change has our neighbour Azerbaijan, are relations between our been that we now have very involved in. These are proj- two countries changed structured economic rela- ects which have been on the over the past fi ve years? tions. When Georgia gained agenda for fi fteen years and And in your opinion has its independence and then are now bearing their fruits there been anything spe- Turkey rediscovered Georgia cifi c of note between the and the Georgian people, op- and I think we are seeing how countries in these fi ve portunity became where busi- solid these projects always years? ness people see it themselves. were. So there is a great future A. When you ask me about The governments were late in in terms of big infrastructural the past fi ve years, I think responding to many issues, projects bilaterally as well as it’s actually a 25-year jour- so I think that particularly in regionally. -
№ 4 Апрель 2006 April № 3-4 (108-109) 2014 Содержание / Content
№ 4 АПРЕЛЬ 2006 APRIL № 3-4 (108-109) 2014 СОДЕРЖАНИЕ / CONTENT ХРОНИКА СОБЫТИЙ СТР. / PAGE 4 ТЕМА НОМЕРА / ARTICLE OF THE ISSUE 24 CURRENT EVENTS МАХТУМКУЛИ – ДУХОВНЫЙ ЦЕЛИТЕЛЬ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОЙ ДУШИ К 290-летию со дня рождения классика туркменской литературы – Гурбангулы БЕРДЫМУХАМЕДОВ MAGTYMGULY – HEALER OF HUMAN SOUL Poet’s 290th birthday anniversary – Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOV СТР. / PAGE 12 «К ДАЛЕКОЙ ТАЙНЕ УЗКИМИ ПУТЯМИ…» Поэтический голос туркменского народа – Иван ГОЛУБНИЧИЙ «REACHING THE REMOTE UNKNOWN THROUGH NARROW PATHS...» The poetic voice of the Turkmen people – Ivan GOLUBNICHIY ХРОНИКА СОБЫТИЙ СТР. / PAGE 26 ЭКОНОМИКА / ECONOMY 42 CURRENT EVENTS ЧТО ПО ПЛЕЧУ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЮ? Частный бизнес в стране стал реальной силой – Алексей ТИХОРЕЦКИЙ WHAT ARE CAPACITIES OF TURKMEN ENTREPRENEURS? Private business turns into real economic force in Turkmenistan – Alexey TIKHORETSKIY СТР. / PAGE 34 ЗРИМЫЕ ПЕРЕМЕНЫ Приватизация – стимул к дальнейшему росту – Олег ЛУКИН VISIBLE CHANGES Privatization provides incentive for further growth – Oleg LUKIN СТР. / PAGE 46 КОНТАКТЫ / COMMUNICATIONS МОСКОВСКИЙ ДЕБЮТ ТУРКМЕНСКИХ КОНЕВОДОВ Государственное объединение «Туркмен атлары» впервые приняло участие в конной выставке в Москве – Сергей МОНСТАКОВ MOSCOW DEBUT OF TURKMEN HORSE BREEDERS State Association «Turkmenatlary» makes first-ever appearance at Moscow’s equestrian exhibition – Sergey MONSTAKOV ХРОНИКА СОБЫТИЙ СТР. / PAGE 52 ОБЩЕСТВО / SOCIETY 74 CURRENT EVENTS НОВРУЗ БЕЗ ГРАНИЦ Весенний праздник на разных широтах – Ахметджан НУРЫЕВ NOWRUZ WITHOUT BOUNDARY Spring holiday at different latitudes – Ahmetdzan NURIEV СТР. / PAGE 64 ВЕСЕННЕЕ СВЯЩЕННОДЕЙСТВИЕ Не публиковавшаяся ранее статья Виктора Сарианиди THE RITE OF SPRING Unpublished article by Victor Sarianidi СТР. / PAGE 76 КУЛЬТУРА / CULTURE ПЕРЕДАЙ ДРУГОМУ... Великое искусство – не только создавать живописные шедевры, но и делиться своим мастерством – Михаил ПЕРЕПЛЕСНИН SHARING WITH OTHERS.. -
Biodiversity of Dry Grasslands in Armenia: First Results from the 13Th EDGG Field Workshop in Armenia
12 Palaearctic Grasslands 46 ( J u ly 20 2 0) Scientific Report DOI: 10.21570/EDGG.PG.46.12-51 Biodiversity of dry grasslands in Armenia: First results from the 13th EDGG Field Workshop in Armenia Alla Aleksanyan1,2 , Idoia Biurrun3 , Elena Belonovskaya4 , Beata Cykowska-Marzencka5 , Asun Berastegi6 , Andreas Hilpold7 , Philipp Kirschner8 , Helmut Mayrhofer9 , Dariia Shyriaieva10 , Denys Vynokurov10 , Thomas Becker11 , Ute Becker12 , Iwona Dembicz13,14 , George Fayvush1 , Dieter Frank15 , Martin Magnes9 , Itziar García-Mijangos3 , Marine Oganesian16 , Salza Palpurina17 , Aslan Ünal18 , Yuliia 19 13,20,21* Vasheniak & Jürgen Dengler 1Department of Geobotany and Plant Eco-Physiology, Institute of Botany 12Green School in the Botanic Garden, Johannes Gutenberg University after A.L. Takhtajyan, NAS RA, Acharyan 1, 0040, Yerevan, Armenia; al- Mainz, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzel-Weg 9 b, 55128 Mainz, Germany; beck- [email protected]; [email protected] [email protected] 2Chair of Biology and Biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian Universi- 13Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR), Zurich ty, Teryan 74, 0009, Yerevan, Armenia University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Grüentalstr. 14, 8820 Wädenswil, 3Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Coun- Switzerland; [email protected]; [email protected] try UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; [email protected]; 14Department of Plant Ecology and Environmental Conservation, Faculty of [email protected] Biology, University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki I Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, 4Department of Biogeography, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Poland Sciences, Staromonetny per. 29, 119017 Moscow, Russia; ebe- 15Saxony-Anhalt Environment Agency, Reideburger Str. 47, Halle 06116, [email protected] Germany; [email protected] 5Department of Mycology, W.