(FM8) SEMCON JLR OWNER GUIDE VER 1.00 NAS LANGUAGE: english-NAS-en; MARQUE: landrover; MODEL: L538

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TIRETires MARKINGS

1. P indicates that the is for passenger 7. The speed rating denotes the maximum vehicle use. speed at which the tire should be used for 2. The width of the tire from sidewall edge to extended periods. See 201, SPEED sidewall edge in millimetres. RATINGS. 3. The aspect ratio, also known as the profile, 8. U.S. DOT Tire Identification Number (TIN). gives the sidewall height as a percentage of This begins with the letters DOT and the tread width. So, if the tread width is indicates that the tire meets all federal 205 mm and the aspect ratio is 50, the standards. The next 2 numbers or letters sidewall height will be 102 mm. are the plant code where the tire was manufactured, the last 4 numbers are the 4. R indicates that the tire is of Radial ply date of manufacture. For example, if the construction. number was 3109, the tire was made in the 5. The diameter of the wheel rim given in 31st week of 2009. The other numbers are inches. marketing codes used at the 6. The load index for the tire. This index is not manufacturer’s discretion. This always shown. information can be used to contact consumers if a tire defect requires a recall.

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9. M+S or M/S indicates that the tire has been Rating Speed mph (km/h) designed with some capability for mud and W 168 (270) snow. Y 190 (300) 10. The number of plies in both the tread area, and the sidewall area, indicates how many layers of rubber coated material make up TIRE CARE the structure of the tire. Information is also provided on the type of materials used. Do not drive the vehicle if a tire is damaged, 11. Wear rate indicator. A tire rated at 400 for excessively worn, or incorrectly inflated. A example, will last twice as long as a tire tire in such condition may catastrophically rated at 200. fail and cause an accident. 12. The traction rating grades a tire’s performance when stopping on a wet road surface. The higher the grade, the better Avoid contaminating the tires with vehicle the braking performance. The grades, from fluids, as they may damage the tire and highest to lowest are; AA, A, B and C. cause a tire failure, which may result in an 13. The maximum load which can be carried by accident. the tire. 14. Heat resistance grading. The tire’s resistance to heat is grade A, B or C, with A Avoid spinning the wheels. The forces indicating the greatest resistance to heat. released can damage the structure of the tire, This grading is provided for a correctly and cause it to fail. inflated tire, which is being used within its speed and loading limits. If wheel spin is unavoidable due to a loss of 15. The maximum inflation for the traction (in deep snow for example), do not tire. This pressure should not be used for exceed the 30 mph (50 km/h) point on the normal driving. speedometer. Do not allow anyone to stand near, or directly behind a tire that might spin. SPEED RATINGS

Rating Speed mph (km/h) Do not exceed the maximum pressure stated Q 99 (160) on the sidewall of the tire. R 106 (170) Note: Tire condition should be checked after the vehicle has been used off-road. As soon as S 112 (180) the vehicle returns to a normal, hard, road T 118 (190) surface, stop and check for tire damage. U 124 (200) H 130 (210) V 149 (240)

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All of the vehicle's tires (including the spare) TIRE PRESSURE LABEL (USA only) should be checked regularly for damage, wear and distortion. If you are in any doubt about the condition of a tire, have it checked immediately by a tire repair center or your Retailer/Authorized Repairer.

TIRE

Never drive your vehicle if the tire pressures are incorrect. Under-inflation causes excessive flexing and uneven tire wear. This can lead to sudden tire failure. Over-inflation causes harsh ride, uneven tire wear and poor handling.

Pressure checks should only be carried out when the tires are cold, and the vehicle has The recommended tire pressures are listed on been stationary for more than three hours. A a label located in the driver’s door opening. hot tire at or below recommended cold These pressures provide optimum ride and inflation pressure is dangerously under- handling characteristics for all normal inflated. operating conditions. The label contains the following information: • The maximum number of occupants, Under-inflation also reduces fuel efficiency divided between the front and rear of the and life and may affect the vehicle’s vehicle. handling and stopping ability. • The vehicle capacity weight, which includes the weight of the driver, passengers and cargo. If the vehicle has been parked in strong sunlight, or used in high ambient • Cold inflation pressures for the front, rear temperatures do not reduce the tire and spare tires. pressures. Move the vehicle into the shade • The size of the tires with which the vehicle and allow the tires to cool before rechecking was originally equipped. the pressures. Note: The label must not be changed, even if different wheels are fitted at a later stage.

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CHECKING THE TIRE PRESSURES 5. If the tire pressure is too high, remove the gauge and allow air out of the tire by pressing the center of the valve. Refit the All tire pressures, including the spare, gauge to the valve and check the pressure. should be checked regularly using an 6. Repeat the process, adding or removing air accurate pressure gauge, when the tires are as required, until the correct tire pressure cold. Failure to properly maintain your tire is reached. pressures could increase the risk of tire 7. Refit the valve cap. failure, resulting in a loss of vehicle control and potential personal injury. TIRE VALVES Check the tires, including the spare, for Keep the valve caps screwed down firmly to condition and pressure on a weekly basis and prevent water or dirt entering the valve. Check before long journeys. the valves for leaks when checking the tire If tire pressures are checked while the vehicle pressures. is inside a protected covered area (e.g. a garage) and subsequently driven in lower PUNCTURED TIRES outdoor temperatures, tire under-inflation could occur. A slight pressure loss occurs naturally with Do not drive the vehicle with a punctured tire. time. If this exceeds 0.14 (2 psi, 14 kPa) Even if the punctured tire has not deflated, it per week, have the cause investigated and is unsafe to use, as the tire may deflate rectified by qualified personnel. suddenly at any time. If it is necessary to check tire pressures when the tires are warm, you should expect the REPLACEMENT TIRES pressures to have increased by up to 0.3 - 0.4 bar (4 - 6 psi, 30 - 40 kPa). Do not reduce the tire pressures to the cold inflation pressure If treadwear is uneven across the tire, or a tire under these circumstances. Allow the tires to wears excessively, the vehicle should be cool fully before adjusting the pressures. checked by your Land Rover Retailer as soon as possible. The following procedure should be used to check and adjust the tires pressures. 1. Remove the valve cap. 2. Firmly attach a tire pressure gauge/inflator to the valve. 3. Read the tire pressure from the gauge and add air if required. 4. If air is added to the tire, remove the gauge and re-attach it before reading the pressure. Failure to do so may result in an inaccurate reading.

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When the tread has worn down to TIRE PRESSURE COMPENSATION approximately 2 mm, wear indicators start to FOR LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURE appear at the surface of the tread pattern. This CHANGES produces a continuous band of rubber across the tread as a visual reminder. A colder ambient local temperature will lower pressure within the tire. Sidewall height will decrease and tire shoulder wear will increase Wear indicators show the minimum tread with the potential for tire failure. Vehicle depth recommended by the manufacturers. dynamics could also be adversely affected. Tires which have worn to this point will have Tire pressures can be adjusted to compensate reduced grip and poor water displacement before the start of the journey. Alternatively, characteristics. tire pressures can be adjusted when the area of Note: Local legislation may determine a greater lower ambient temperature is reached. tread depth to that shown by the tire wear In this situation, the vehicle must be left in the indicators. It remains the driver’s responsibility ambient local temperature for at least one hour to ensure the tread depth meets the local legal before tire pressure is adjusted. requirement. Do not rely on the tread wear To compensate for colder ambient indicators alone. temperatures, tire pressures should be increased by 2 psi (0.14 bar, 14 kPa) for each 18°F (10°C) decrease. Always fit replacement tires of the same Note: Ensure that correct tire pressures are type, and wherever possible, of the same maintained when moving to areas of differing make and tread pattern. ambient temperature.

If the use of tires not recommended by Land TIRE PRESSURE COMPENSATION - Rover is unavoidable, ensure that you read, HIGH AMBIENT TEMPERATURES and fully comply with, the tire manufacturer’s instructions. TIre pressure temperature compensation Ideally, tires should be replaced in sets of 4. If Ambient Pressure this is not possible, replace the tires in pairs temperature °F (°C) compensation bar (both front or both rear). When tires are (psi, kPa) replaced, the wheels should always be re-balanced and alignment checked. 68 (20) use label 86 (30) + 0.14 (2, 14) 104 (40) + 0.28 (4, 28) 122 (50) + 0.41 (6, 41)

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FLAT SPOTS DUE TO LONG TERM USING TRACTION DEVICES PARKING In order to minimize flat spotting, tire pressures can be increased to the maximum as Use traction devices only in heavy snow stated on the tire sidewall, for the period when conditions, on hard road surfaces. the vehicle is stationary. Tires must be returned to the specified running pressures before driving. Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) must be switched off when using traction devices. AGE DEGRADATION Tires degrade over time due to the effects of Never exceed 30 mph (50 km/h) when ultraviolet light, extreme temperatures, high traction devices are fitted. loads, and environmental conditions. It is recommended that all tires, including the spare, are replaced at least every six years, but Never fit traction devices to a temporary use they may require replacement more frequently. spare wheel. Land Rover approved traction devices may be WINTER TIRES used to improve traction on a hard road surface If winter tires are fitted to the vehicle, the tire in heavy snow conditions. They should not be manufacturer’s instructions must be followed. used in off-road conditions. Pay particular attention to the correct tire If it becomes necessary to fit traction devices, pressures and the maximum speed that the the following points must be observed: vehicle can be driven at. • Only Land Rover approved traction devices M+S tIres have a recognised level of winter should be used on the vehicle. Only Land performance and need not be replaced. Rover approved traction devices have been When changing to winter tIres, they must be tested to ensure that they do not cause fitted to all four wheels. damage to the vehicle. Contact your Land If the vehicle has TPMS but the winter use Rover Retailer for information. wheels and tIres are fitted with standard rubber • The wheels and tires fitted must conform valves, the TPM system will search for a signal. to the specifications of the original When it finds no response, TiRE PRESSURE equipment. MONITORING SYSTEM UNAVAILABLE will be • Do not fit traction devices to 18, 19 or displayed in the message center. 20inch diameter wheels. When the original wheels are refitted, the • Single sided Spike-spyder traction devices vehicle will need to travel a short distance can be fitted to only the front wheels of before the TPM system recognises the wheel vehicles fitted with 17inch diameter sensors. At that point, TIRE PRESSURE wheels. MONITORING SYSTEM AVAILABLE will be • Always read, understand and follow the displayed. traction device manufacturer's instructions.

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• Avoid tire/vehicle damage, by removing the In addition to the markings requirements, traction devices as soon as the conditions passenger care tires must conform to Federal allow. Safety Requirements.

TPMS INFLATION PRESSURE TREADWEAR COMPENSATION The treadwear grade is a comparative rating If your vehicle is fitted with 18, 19 or 20 inch based on the wear rate of the tire when tested wheels with TPMS, they can be replaced with under controlled conditions on a specified 17 inch wheels with TPMS, so enabling the use government test course. For example, a tire of or traction devices. graded 150 would wear one and a half (1½) times as well on the government course as a Tire pressures of vehicles fitted with 17 inch tire graded 100. The relative performance of wheels with TPMS as standard are not affected. tires depends upon the actual conditions of If other wheel sizes are substituted with 17 inch their use, however, and may depart wheels, tire pressures should be adjusted as significantly from the norm due to variations in shown in the table. driving habits, service practices and differences in road characteristics and climate. Inflation pressure (bar) with snow chains Original wheel size Front Rear TRACTION 18 inch 2.4 2.1 The traction grades, from highest to lowest are 19 inch 2.5 2.2 AA, A, B and C. The grades represent the tire’s ability to stop on wet pavement as measured 20 inch 2.5 2.2 under controlled conditions on specified government test surfaces of asphalt and UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF concrete. A tire marked C may have poor TRANSPORTATION traction performance. The following information relates to the tire grading system developed by the National Highway Safety Administration which will The traction grade assigned to this tire is based on straight-ahead braking traction grade tires by tread wear, traction and temperature performance. tests and does not include acceleration, cornering, hydroplaning, or peak traction Note: Tires that have deep tread and winter characteristics. tires, are exempt from these markings requirements. TEMPERATURE UNIFORM TIRE QUALITY GRADING The temperature grades are A (the highest), B, Quality grades can be found where applicable and C representing the tire’s resistance to the on the tire sidewall between the tread shoulder generation of heat and its ability to dissipate and maximum section width. For example: heat when tested under controlled conditions Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A. on a specified indoor laboratory test wheel.

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Sustained high temperature can cause the Note: This pressure is the maximum allowed material of the tire to degenerate and reduce by the tire manufacturer. It is not the pressure tire life, and excessive temperature can lead to recommended for use. sudden tire failure. The grade C corresponds to a level of Curb weight performance which all passenger tires The weight of a standard vehicle, including a must meet under the Federal Motor Vehicle full tank of gasoline, any optional equipment Safety Standard No. 109. fitted, and with the correct coolant and oil Grades B and A represent higher levels of levels. performance on the laboratory test wheel than the minimum required by law. Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) The maximum permissible weight of a vehicle with driver, passengers, load, luggage and The temperature grade for this tire is equipment. established for a tire that is properly inflated and not overloaded. Excessive speed, Accessory weight underinflation, ore excessive loading, either separately or in combination, can cause heat The combined weight (in excess of those items buildup and possible tire failure. replaced) of items available as factory installed equipment. TIRE GLOSSARY Productions options weight lbf/in2 or psi The combined weight of options installed which weigh in excess of 3lb (1.4 kg) more Pounds per square inch, an imperial unit of than the standard items that they replaced, and measure for pressure. are not already considered in curb or accessory weights. Items such as heavy duty brakes, high kPa capacity battery, special trim etc. Kilo , a metric unit of measure for pressure. Vehicle capacity weight The number of seats multiplied by 150 lb (68 Cold tire pressure kg) plus the rated amount of load/luggage. The air pressure in a tire which has been standing in excess of 3 hours, or driven for less Maximum loaded vehicle weight than 1 mile. The sum of curb weight, accessory weight, vehicle capacity weight, plus any production Maximum inflation pressure option weights. The maximum pressure to which the tire should be inflated. This pressure is given on Rim 2 the tire side wall in lbf/in (psi) and kPa. The metal support for a tire, or tire and tube, upon which the tire beads are seated.

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Bead 6. If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load The inner edge of a tire that is shaped to fit to from your trailer will be transferred to your the rim and form an air tight seal. The bead is vehicle. Consult this manual to determine constructed of steel wires which are wrapped, how this reduces the available cargo and or reinforced, by the ply cords. luggage load capacity of your vehicle. The number and weight of passengers will STEPS FOR DETERMINING CORRECT affect the cargo and luggage capacity. In the LOAD LIMIT example above, the cargo and luggage load capacity is 650 lb. However, if fewer passengers ride in the vehicle, the luggage load capacity will increase. If this vehicle carries Do not exceed the vehicle capacity weight three 150 lb passengers, the cargo and luggage (the total weight of driver, passengers and load capacity will increase to 960 lb: cargo) given on the tire information label. (3 x 150 = 450 lb, and 1400 - 450 + 950 lb). 1. Locate the statement “The combined weight of occupants and cargo should If the passengers weigh more, the cargo and never exceed XXX kg or XXX lbs” on your luggage load capacity will decrease. vehicle’s placard. 2. Determine the combined weight of the The weight of accessories must also be driver and passengers that will be riding in subtracted from the cargo and luggage load your vehicle. capacity. If you are unsure of the weight of 3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver any accessories fitted to your vehicle, contact and passengers from XXX kilograms or your Retailer. XXX lbs. 4. The resulting figure equals the available amount of cargo and luggage load Overloading the vehicle will have an adverse capacity. For example, if the “XXX” amount affect on braking and handling equals 1400 lbs. and there will be five characteristics, which could compromise 150 lb. passengers in your vehicle, the your safety. Overloading a vehicle may also amount of available cargo and luggage cause tire damage or failure. Never overload load capacity is 650 lbs. your vehicle. (1400 - 750 (5 x 150) = 650 lbs.). 5. Determine the combined weight of luggage and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not safely exceed the available cargo and luggage load capacity calculated in Step 4.

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