DOCSLIB.ORG

Master's Thesis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Master's Thesis 2006:341 CIV MASTER’S THESIS Simulation and Validation of Tire Deformation under Certain Load Cases HENRIK ANDERSSON MASTER OF SCIENCE PROGRAMME Mechanical Engineering Luleå University of Technology Department of Applied Physics and Mechanical Engineering Division of Computer Aided Design 2006:341 CIV • ISSN: 1402 - 1617 • ISRN: LTU - EX - - 06/341 - - SE Eine einfache Formel genügt nicht mehr, auch wenn sie magisch ist — Michael Gipser Abstract This master’s thesis deals with computer aided simulations of mechanical systems in the automotive industry. The specific target of simulation is the pneumatic tire and its behaviour. The aim is to establish a method to use computer simulations for shortening the development cycle and reducing the need for testing and physical prototypes. The work has been separated into several steps, starting with a thorough information study, continuing with creative methods and concept creation. Later on, an evaluation of the concepts has been performed, to find the best approach to continue working on. The selected concepts from the evaluation were further developed to result in the final simulation method. The results of the simulations have then been validated against measurements. A proposal for further work in the subject has been made, as well as ideas for other projects. Keywords Tire simulation, Vehicle simulation, Product development process. i Preface The work presented in this masters thesis is to obtain the Master of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering, with specialization in Computer Aided Engineering. This the- sis has been written at the BMW Group Research and Innovation Center (FIZ) in Munich Germany, during the second half of 2006. The thesis project was initiated and granted by Mr. Robert Hartl, head of the wheel design team at the Wheel and Tire department EF-33 at BMW. I wish to express my appreciation to my supervisor at BMW, Thomas Kellner for all his help and support during my time at BMW in Munich and to my examiner Tobias Larsson at Luleå University of Technology. Many thanks also goes to Erich Rott and Jens Holtschulze, as well as all the other colleagues at the BMW Research and Innovation Center for their help during my thesis. Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends for their support during the entire thesis work. Munich, November 30th, 2006 —————————————- Henrik Andersson ii Contents Contents List of Figures vi List of Abbreviations viii List of Symbols ix 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Tire clearance . 1 1.1.1. Purpose . 2 1.1.2. Schematic overview . 3 1.2. Observations . 11 1.3. Problem formulation . 11 2. Theory 12 2.1. Product design & Development processes . 12 2.1.1. Introduction to product development . 12 2.1.2. Design space exploration phase . 13 2.1.3. Roadmap phase . 13 2.1.4. Concept Design & Prototyping . 14 2.1.5. Detail design & Manufacturing . 16 2.2. Simulation in Engineering . 16 2.2.1. The simulation process . 16 2.2.2. Simulation in Automotive Engineering . 17 2.3. Product Lifecycle Management . 17 2.3.1. Computer Aided Design . 18 2.3.2. Computer Aided Engineering . 19 2.4. Theory of ground vehicles . 23 2.4.1. Vehicle dynamics . 24 2.4.2. Tires . 28 2.5. Programming languages . 49 2.5.1. MATLAB . 49 2.5.2. Python . 49 2.5.3. C/C++ . 49 2.5.4. FORTRAN . 49 3. Method 50 3.1. Design space exploration . 50 3.1.1. Benchmarking . 50 3.1.2. Related technologies . 52 3.2. Roadmap . 54 3.2.1. Mission statement . 54 iii Contents 3.2.2. Product characteristics . 54 3.2.3. Thesis delimitation . 55 3.3. Concept design . 55 3.3.1. Brainstorming . 55 3.3.2. Concepts . 56 3.3.3. Evaluation of concepts . 58 3.4. Detailed design . 60 3.4.1. Concept refinement . 60 3.4.2. Input data for simulations . 62 3.4.3. Output from simulation models . 63 3.4.4. Initial model verification and validation . 64 3.4.5. Final testing and validation . 66 4. Results 69 4.1. Measurements . 69 4.2. Concepts . 70 4.2.1. FTire concept . 70 4.2.2. RMOD-K 7 concept . 71 4.2.3. Mathematical/Empirical Concept . 71 5. Discussion and conclusion 72 5.1. General conclusions . 72 5.1.1. Simulations . 73 5.1.2. Physical/MBS tire models . 73 5.1.3. Finite element models . 74 5.2. Concept results . 75 5.2.1. FTire concept . 75 5.2.2. RMOD-K 7 concept . 76 5.2.3. Mathematical/Empirical concept . 77 5.3. Sources of errors . 78 5.3.1. Tire simulation models . 78 5.3.2. Tire parameterization . 78 5.3.3. Pressure variations . 79 5.3.4. Contour and deformation measurement . 79 5.4. Future work . 80 5.4.1. Validation of the tire models and parametrized data . 80 5.4.2. Additional test rig measurements . 80 5.4.3. Improvement of simulation models . 81 5.4.4. MBS full vehicle simulations . 81 5.4.5. Universal Tire model . 82 6. Summary 83 A. Appendix: Results 84 A.1. Measurement data . 85 A.2. Measured tire contour . 94 A.3. Tire contour validation . 96 A.4. Comparison of deformations . 98 A.5. Modification of the RMOD-K model . 109 iv Contents References 113 Index 120 v List of Figures List of Figures 1.1. Volumetric decomposition of a BMW 3 SERIES Sedan (E90) . 3 1.2. Overview of the tire clearance process . 4 1.3. ETRTO Standards for generating the static envelope contour . 5 1.4. Measurement of deformation on test vehicle . 6 1.5. Post-processing in Catia of the measured tire deformation . 6 1.6. Sectors for measuring tire deformation . 7 1.7. Different types of RHK geometries . 7 1.8. Example of SRHK, combination of RHK for different tire dimensions . 8 1.9. RGB for front and rear wheels . 9 1.10. Foam mounted on inside of wheel well . 9 1.11. Definition of tire deformation . 10 2.1. Schematic description of a simulation process . 17 2.2. Illustration of the axle loads . 25 2.3. Theory of cornering . 27 2.4. Design of a radial tire . 30 2.5. Illustration of the naming conventions for rims and tires . 31 2.6. Comparison of SAE and ISO axis systems . 32 2.7. Friction circle . 33 2.8. Tire/Road friction interaction . 34 2.9. Friction dependence on relative velocity . 35 2.10. Friction dependence on contact pressure . 35 2.11. Description of slip angle phenomenon . 36 2.12. Cambering effects . 38 2.13. MTS Flat-Trac CT tire test rig . 40 2.14. Pacejka’s Magic Formula . 42 2.15. Discretization of FTire flexible ring model . 44 2.16. Cross-section representation in the flexible ring model . 45 2.17. Structure representation in the FETire model . 45 2.18. Structure representation in the RMOD-K 7 Flexible belt model . 47 3.1. Simple tire model used in Volkswagen study . 51 3.2. Statistics of tire deformation . 56 3.3. Adams tire model . ..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Snow- and Traction Chains
    Snow- and traction chains Product range EN Naturally by pewag. Snow chains defying the toughest winter 2 2 Snow- and traction chains Content pewag chains: The strongest chains for every situation pewag provides you with the Content 3 right product for every situation. Group Driven by our passion for Legend, pewag on the web 4 innovation, we at pewag Welcome to the pewag group 5 History, quality management 6 develop snow and traction Business areas, environment 7 chains that guarantee maximum Production and sales locations 8 safety and comfort under any Snow chains circumstances. Passenger cars 10–20 Reference list passenger cars 21–25 4x4, SUV & transporter 26–32 pewag traction chains cannot Reference list 4x4, SUV & transporter 33–37 only be used in wintery condi- Buses and utility vehicles 38–47 Reference list buses and utility vehicles 48–57 tions.They are also compatible Cross-country vehicles 58–62 Reference list cross-country vehicles 63–71 for use in other environments Forestry machines 72–77 such as mud, pebble and sand: Reference list forestry machines 78–82 Special vehicles 84–88 The army and rescue teams rely Reference list special vehicles 89–93 on the proven pewag quality in Spare parts rough terrain. Spare parts 94–99 Technical information Technical information 100–106 Questionnaire snow chains 107 Technical changes and misprints are subject to alteration. Snow- and traction chains 3 Legend pewag on the web Experience the world of pewag digital Customer focus and innovation are firmly established in the heart of the pewag organization. That's why we have started to increasingly make use of modern communication channels on the mobile portal pewagsnoxpro.com, which is available in ÖNORM V 5117 ÖNORM V 5119 TÜV several languages.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Snow Chains
    Use of Snow Chains The use of tire snow chains and the criteria for when to apply them varies widely throughout the county. Improperly applied snow chains have caused significant damage to the apparatus and delayed the response of units. This memorandum is intended to provide guidance on the use of snow chains during various types of inclement weather. In general there are two types of chains in use in the county: 1. Permanently installed “On-Spot” chains. 2. Standard removable tire chains. Permanently mounted “On-Spot” chains or “automatic chains”, consist of short lengths of snow chain attached to a small drive wheel that, when activated, contacts the inside tire of the rear duals. These devices rely on centrifugal force to throw the lengths of chain under the tire. Depending on need, these chains can be raised or lowered from the cab of the apparatus. For best operation these chains should be engaged while the unit is moving. These chains work well when the apparatus can maintain slow but steady speeds, such as in shallow snow or on intermittently clear or covered roadways. These chains will not work well in deep snow or when conditions bring the apparatus to a crawl. DO NOT drive faster than 30 mph when you are using “On-Spot” chains! RAISE the chains anytime that they are not absolutely necessary. Driving at higher speeds for prolonged periods will damage or destroy the “On-Spot” assembly and will cause tire damage that may lead to failure. Removable standard tire chains, also known as “drop chains”, are applied manually to the outside tire of the rear duals.
    [Show full text]
  • Estudio De Un Sistema Aerodinámico Activo En Automóviles: Control Y Automatización Del Sistema
    TRABAJO FINAL DE GRADO Grado en Ingeniería Mecánica ESTUDIO DE UN SISTEMA AERODINÁMICO ACTIVO EN AUTOMÓVILES: CONTROL Y AUTOMATIZACIÓN DEL SISTEMA Memoria y Anexos Autor: Antonio Rodríguez Noriega Director: Sebastián Tornil Convocatoria: Junio 2018 Estudio de un sistema aerodinámico activo en automóviles: control y automatización del sistema Resumen A lo largo de este proyecto se tratará el diseño desde cero de un sistema de aerodinámica activa para automóviles. El proceso consta de tres partes diferenciadas: el estudio aerodinámico, donde se caracteriza la interacción fluidodinámica de un perfil alar; el estudio mecánico, donde se diseña el conjunto de mecanismos que forman el sistema mecánico, así como su posterior validación; y la automatización y el control del sistema, donde se modeliza el comportamiento del vehículo y se implementa en un sistema electrónico de control regulado. Estas partes se presentan como tres Trabajos Finales de Grado distintos relacionados entre sí. En esta memoria se desarrolla la tercera de ellas: la automatización y el control del sistema. El objetivo principal ha sido completar la fase de diseño de un sistema que mejore el comportamiento dinámico de un vehículo de carácter deportivo en el mayor número posible de situaciones. Esto se ha conseguido variando la repartición de cargas normales por rueda a partir de la modificación de las características geométricas del propio conjunto aerodinámico, mediante el uso de actuadores lineales regulados por un sistema de control en función de las condiciones del automóvil en tiempo real. I Memoria Resum Durant el transcurs d’aquest projecte es tractarà el disseny des de zero d’un sistema d’aerodinàmica activa per a automòbils.
    [Show full text]
  • The Benefits of Four-Wheel Drive for a High-Performance FSAE Electric Racecar Elliot Douglas Owen
    The Benefits of Four-Wheel Drive for a High-Performance FSAE Electric Racecar by Elliot Douglas Owen Submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY June 2018 c Elliot Douglas Owen, MMXVIII. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Author.................................................................... Department of Mechanical Engineering May 18, 2018 Certified by . David L. Trumper Professor Thesis Supervisor Accepted by . Rohit Karnik Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate Officer 2 The Benefits of Four-Wheel Drive for a High-Performance FSAE Electric Racecar by Elliot Douglas Owen Submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering on May 18, 2018, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering Abstract This thesis explores the performance of Rear-Wheel Drive (RWD) and Four-Wheel Drive (4WD) FSAE Electric racecars with regards to acceleration and regenerative braking. The benefits of a 4WD architecture are presented along with the tools for further optimization and understanding. The goal is to provide real, actionable information to teams deciding to pursue 4WD vehicles and quantify the results of difficult engineering tradeoffs. Analytical bicycle models are used to discuss the effect of the Center of Gravity location on vehicle performance, and Acceleration-Velocity Phase Space (AVPS) is introduced as a useful tool for optimization.
    [Show full text]
  • Fall-2016-All-Pages
    MCGEE COMPANY SINCE 1951 Denver • Salt Lake Automotive Service Equipment Albuquerque • Dallas Tire Service Supplies 1-800-525-8888 Retreading Equipment & Supplies www.McGeeCompany.com Passenger/Truck/OTR EXPIRES 1/31/17 All prices are F.O.B. our warehouse unless otherwise specified. Lease figures are PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE approximate and subject to change. VISA AND MASTERCARD ACCEPTED 1/2” Drive Super Duty Air Impact Wrench #MTK Pouch • 2” extended anvil $25.95 • Handle exhaust Includes: 1 ea GA115 Gauge • Free speed: 8000 RPM 20- 120 PSI • Maximum torque: 600 ft./lbs. 1 ea MK White Markal • Proven design and the most popular 1 ea 1246D Flip Socket 3/4-13/16 Thin Wall configuration in the tire service industry 1 ea 1291DT Flip Socket 19mm-21mm 1 ea 595TM Trend Depth Gauge • Powered by the durable and high performing twin 1 ea TL620 Core Tool hammer mechanism 153-23120 • Net weight: 5.6 lbs. 5LD74 empty pouch available! $119.95 Made in Taiwan Largest stock of tire chains in the Ascot No. McGee No. Description Rocky Mountain Area! 153-23120 15323120 1/2” Drive Air Impact Wrench - 2” Extended Anvil M Series Ascot No. McGee No. Description Price Wide Base Truck Autosock DUO Tractor Chains Safety Inflator Gauge. 12” Hose With Dual Cam Chains Foot Chuck. 10 To 120 PSI. Available 6ft, 9ft, & 477-00001 1406M $39.95 12ft hose Double Seal Cap • A time, money and labor saving alternative to common valve caps Prema Combi Repairs • Reduce pressure check time by 65% • Designed for high pressure truck tire service • Easy and • Inflate, deflate or gauge directly thru the DS-1 saving fast for time during inflation and pressure checks repairing tire with injury in Now approved by crown area UPS and Ryder.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance Analysis of Constant Speed Local Abstacle Avoidance Controller Using a MPC Algorithym on Granular Terrain Nicholas Haraus Marquette University
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Master's Theses (2009 -) Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Projects Performance Analysis of Constant Speed Local Abstacle Avoidance Controller Using a MPC Algorithym on Granular Terrain Nicholas Haraus Marquette University Recommended Citation Haraus, Nicholas, "Performance Analysis of Constant Speed Local Abstacle Avoidance Controller Using a MPC Algorithym on Granular Terrain" (2017). Master's Theses (2009 -). 443. http://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/443 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A CONSTANT SPEED LOCAL OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE CONTROLLER USING A MPC ALGORITHM ON GRANULAR TERRAIN by Nicholas Haraus, B.S.M.E. A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Milwaukee, Wisconsin December 2017 ABSTRACT PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A CONSTANT SPEED LOCAL OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE CONTROLLER USING A MPC ALGORITHM ON GRANULAR TERRAIN Nicholas Haraus, B.S.M.E. Marquette University, 2017 A Model Predictive Control (MPC) LIDAR-based constant speed local obstacle avoidance algorithm has been implemented on rigid terrain and granular terrain in Chrono to examine the robustness of this control method. Provided LIDAR data as well as a target location, a vehicle can route itself around obstacles as it encounters them and arrive at an end goal via an optimal route. This research is one important step towards eventual implementation of autonomous vehicles capable of navigating on all terrains. Using Chrono, a multibody physics API, this controller has been tested on a complex multibody physics HMMWV model representing the plant in this study. A penalty-based DEM approach is used to model contacts on both rigid ground and granular terrain.
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanics of Pneumatic Tires
    CHAPTER 1 MECHANICS OF PNEUMATIC TIRES Aside from aerodynamic and gravitational forces, all other major forces and moments affecting the motion of a ground vehicle are applied through the running gear–ground contact. An understanding of the basic characteristics of the interaction between the running gear and the ground is, therefore, essential to the study of performance characteristics, ride quality, and handling behavior of ground vehicles. The running gear of a ground vehicle is generally required to fulfill the following functions: • to support the weight of the vehicle • to cushion the vehicle over surface irregularities • to provide sufficient traction for driving and braking • to provide adequate steering control and direction stability. Pneumatic tires can perform these functions effectively and efficiently; thus, they are universally used in road vehicles, and are also widely used in off-road vehicles. The study of the mechanics of pneumatic tires therefore is of fundamental importance to the understanding of the performance and char- acteristics of ground vehicles. Two basic types of problem in the mechanics of tires are of special interest to vehicle engineers. One is the mechanics of tires on hard surfaces, which is essential to the study of the characteristics of road vehicles. The other is the mechanics of tires on deformable surfaces (unprepared terrain), which is of prime importance to the study of off-road vehicle performance. 3 4 MECHANICS OF PNEUMATIC TIRES The mechanics of tires on hard surfaces is discussed in this chapter, whereas the behavior of tires over unprepared terrain will be discussed in Chapter 2. A pneumatic tire is a flexible structure of the shape of a toroid filled with compressed air.
    [Show full text]
  • Mitas Tires – Designed to Perform in Your Fields
    AGRICULTURAL RADIAL TIRES Mitas Tires – DESIGNED TO PERFORM IN YOUR FIELDS • Product Information • Warranty Policy • Service After the Sale www.mitasag.com A TECHNOLOGY FOR TECHNOLOGY Agricultural technology is evolving rapidly, and today’s high-horsepower tractors and combines demand tires that can keep up with the pace. That’s why Mitas is committed to providing advanced radial tires to ensure your farming operation is expertly outfitted from the ground up. If your tires aren’t up to speed with your machinery, you may experience: • Subpar machine performance • Decreased productivity • Increased operating costs • Suboptimal crop yields • Lost profits EXPERTISE MEANS EVERYTHING Given the high stakes and rewards of your operation, would you rather buy your tires from a manufacturer that dabbles in agriculture or one that focuses all its resources solely on agricultural and off-road tires? At Mitas, agriculture alone accounts for 70 percent of our global business. When you purchase Mitas premium-grade agricultural radial tires, you can be confident they are engineered and manufactured to exacting standards for superior quality, durability and performance. 1 Table of Contents Tire applications .............................................................................3 List of tire sizes ...............................................................................5 SuperFlexionTire (SFT) .................................................................7 Combine drive tires: AC 70 H / G / N and SuperFlexionTire (SFT) ..................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Summer, All-Season and Winter Tyres 2018 Passenger Car and Van
    SUMMER, ALL-SEASON AND WINTER TYRES 2018 PASSENGER CAR AND VAN SPORTY. STRONG. SAFE! Viking. A brand of Continental. SUMMER TYRES 2018 SPORTY. STRONG. SAFE! Viking is a brand of Continental, developed in Germany and manufactured in Europe. With more than 80 years of experience ProTech HP CityTech II TransTech II as a European tyre manufacturer and the continuous further development of For middle-class vehicles For compact- and For transporter our products in state-of-the-art develop- and executive cars. middle-class cars. and vans. ment centres, Viking stands for cutting- edge technology. Convincing ALL-SEASON & WINTER TYRES 2017/18 quality features Sporty: Outstanding performance, even for powerful vehicles Strong: Durable products which deliver even in demanding conditions FourTech FourTech Van WinTech WinTech Van Safe: For compact- and For transporter For compact- and For transporter Reliable protection due to state-of-the- middle-class cars. and vans. middle-class cars. and vans. art technology 2 3 ProTech HP The UHP tyre CityTech II The compact tyre The well balanced high performance tyre The CityTech II is an economical attractive tyre with sporting capabilities. with low rolling resistance and high mileage. For middle-class vehicles and executive cars. For compact-class and middle-class vehicles. Technical highlights Technical highlights Exemplary handling in dry conditions. Improved protection against aquaplaning. The closed outer shoulder of the tyre increases the The modern lateral groove system in the tread transverse rigidity and enlarges the area in contact grooves means that water is effectively channelled with the road. This results in exemplary handling in from the contact area in the middle to the large dry conditions and improves the transfer of forces, circumferential grooves.
    [Show full text]
  • Are Snow Chains Required in Montana
    Are Snow Chains Required In Montana Mattery Bishop dissent, his thyroxine stickybeaks baffs unwarrantably. Siffre discomposing her graders adjustably, she readied it vertically. Which Clark sieved so solenoidally that Napoleon forbids her faultiness? Drive a required and roads require, right of way and drive like changing lanes are you start the. Turns sharply to seat right. Then required chains? Headed to Montana for a fun-filled weekend in fog snow. Do their need 2 or 4 snow chains? Mt Laguna receives the most snowfall in area of San Diego County ballot is never. Heavy snow chains required montana requires different laws are at point of these sensors in front of clouds with? Restrictions as safe tire equipment particular tires chains or traction. Directions Montana Snowcenter Route planner Montana. Second conviction your montana! We require are all guests including those always have received the vaccine continue to night face coverings above the complex at Mt Bachelor to facility the spread. How many chains are required in Montana? When you come to practice stop sign, without STOP. Chains are permissible from October 1 until May 31 but overall mandatory unless. So that chains required montana law enforcement whenever or tire requirements on top of requirement to. Even required chains are snow chain requirements in the requirement to require more drive slowly and all you from the. Required to a turn right down south dakota dot determines that depending on driving in the reason. Caltrans officials urge anymore to resume Big island road conditions often. Tis the cause of angle when holiday lights go up, Mariah Carey lets us know all she wants for Christmas, and snow falls on natural mountain passes.
    [Show full text]
  • Camber Effect Study on Combined Tire Forces
    Camber effect study on combined tire forces Shiruo Li Master Thesis in Vehicle Engineering Department of Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology TRITA-AVE 2013:33 ISSN 1651-7660 Postal address Visiting Address Telephone Telefax Internet KTH Teknikringen 8 +46 8 790 6000 +46 8 790 6500 www.kth.se Vehicle Dynamics Stockholm SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden Abstract Considering the more and more concerned climate change issues to which the greenhouse gas emission may contribute the most, as well as the diminishing fossil fuel resource, the automotive industry is paying more and more attention to vehicle concepts with full electric or partly electric propulsion systems. Limited by the current battery technology, most electrified vehicles on the roads today are hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). Though fully electrified systems are not common at the moment, the introduction of electric power sources enables more advanced motion control systems, such as active suspension systems and individual wheel steering, due to electrification of vehicle actuators. Various chassis and suspension control strategies can thus be developed so that the vehicles can be fully utilized. Consequently, future vehicles can be more optimized with respect to active safety and performance. Active camber control is a method that assigns the camber angle of each wheel to generate desired longitudinal and lateral forces and consequently the desired vehicle dynamic behavior. The aim of this study is to explore how the camber angle will affect the tire force generation and how the camber control strategy can be designed so that the safety and performance of a vehicle can be improved.
    [Show full text]
  • Nonlinear Finite Element Modeling and Analysis of a Truck Tire
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Intercollege Graduate Program in Materials NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF A TRUCK TIRE A Thesis in Materials by Seokyong Chae © 2006 Seokyong Chae Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2006 The thesis of Seokyong Chae was reviewed and approved* by the following: Moustafa El-Gindy Senior Research Associate, Applied Research Laboratory Thesis Co-Advisor Co-Chair of Committee James P. Runt Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Thesis Co-Advisor Co-Chair of Committee Co-Chair of the Intercollege Graduate Program in Materials Charles E. Bakis Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics Ashok D. Belegundu Professor of Mechanical Engineering *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School. iii ABSTRACT For an efficient full vehicle model simulation, a multi-body system (MBS) simulation is frequently adopted. By conducting the MBS simulations, the dynamic and steady-state responses of the sprung mass can be shortly predicted when the vehicle runs on an irregular road surface such as step curb or pothole. A multi-body vehicle model consists of a sprung mass, simplified tire models, and suspension system to connect them. For the simplified tire model, a rigid ring tire model is mostly used due to its efficiency. The rigid ring tire model consists of a rigid ring representing the tread and the belt, elastic sidewalls, and rigid rim. Several in-plane and out-of-plane parameters need to be determined through tire tests to represent a real pneumatic tire. Physical tire tests are costly and difficult in operations.
    [Show full text]