By David Pilz and Jesús Pérez-Moreno About IWEMMs of Mesoamerica. It was held July 10-14, David Pilz is a consulting Forest Mycologist, 2017 on the Montecillo Campus of the P.O. Box 876, Corvallis, Oregon 97339, Steadfast readers of FUNGI Magazine Colegio de Postgraduados in Texcoco, USA. Dr. Jesús Pérez-Moreno is a might recall a previous article “Mayan México (southeast of México City) and Mycology in the Land of the Jaguars,” was followed by a Post-Meeting Field Professor and Researcher at the Colegio th de Postgraduados, Departamento de about the 7 International Workshop Trip, July 15-22. The co-author of this Edafología, Km 36.5 Carr., México-Texcoco, on Edible Mycorrhizal article, Jesús Pérez-Moreno, was the CP 56230, México. David may be emailed at (IWEMM7) that was held in La organizer of the workshop. [email protected] and Jesús may be Antigua, Guatemala, July 30-August If you are sufficiently intrigued by emailed at [email protected]. All photos 3, 2013 and organized by mycologist IWEMMs to attend the next one, you by David Pilz except where otherwise noted. Dr. Roberto Flores (Pilz et al., 2015). will be in for a treat. The IWEMM10 Perusing the beginning of that article is scheduled for October 20-23, 2019 Keywords: edible forest mushrooms, will remind the reader about the focus, in Suwa City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, mycorrhizal, international workshop, history and locations of the previous in the heart of matsutake country. The México, IWEMM IWEMMs. Since then, there have been workshop is being organized by Dr. This article portrays two more workshops. Takashi Yamanaka (Forestry and Forest Abstract: th the 9th International Workshop on The 8 IWEMM took place October Products Research Institute) and Dr. Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms in 10-17, 2016 in Cahors, France and Akiyoshi Yamada, (Shinshu University). México and the subsequent field trip. was organized by truffle specialist Both are preeminent matsutake It is written from the perspective Pierre Sourzat. Information about that researchers. As with all IWEMMs, an of a participant (lead author) and workshop and an abstract book of the International Scientific Committee will enhanced by the expertise of the scientific presentations are available help select the oral presentations and organizer (co-author). Cultural, social, online (Sourzat, 2016). assist with publication of proceedings, th and tourism aspects of the events are This article portrays the 9 IWEMM abstracts, articles or books. For more emphasized, but citations provide (https://iwemm9web.wixsite.com/ information, check the IWEMM10 additional information about the mexico), which took place among some website periodically as information is scientific program. of the remarkably mycophilic cultures added (https://iwemm10-nagano.com). 44 FUNGI Volume 11:5 2019  Figure 1. Workshop logo by Mexican artist Dr. Cruz García-Albarado, aka Cruzgaali.  Figure 2. Life-sized painting by Miguel Nava of a native morel harvester.

the Aztec codex Mendoza from Central Also, during the opening ceremonies, México and the human figure was a thirteen-minute video produced by “Edible mycorrhizal mushrooms” inspired by 6,000-year-old cave painting Mexican film maker Jaime Kuri explored might seem like a narrow research in the state of Guerrero. The icons that the theme of the workshop (Kuri, 2017). focus for an international workshop, look like a reversed question marks A subsequent online, four-minute video but actually it overlaps with many near the human’s head and above an gives viewers an immersive feel for how areas of research, often resulting in indentation in the trunk of the tree are a colorful the workshop was (Leon, 2017). interdisciplinary studies. Some of these glyph for “the spoken word.” The spiral Over 350 workshop participants broader topics are listed in Table 1. background represents the dynamic from the Americas, Europe, Africa, As a result, many of the attendees at interrelatedness of these elements. the Middle East, Australasia, and Asia IWEMMs have cooperated not only México is a land of numerous presented 122 research topics in 28 with colleagues from around the world, indigenous mycophilic cultures that oral presentations and 94 posters. but often with specialists and volunteers have used mushrooms for food and The oral presentations began with from entirely different disciplines. rituals for a long time, likely many a distinguished keynote speaker Sir Through repeated participation in these millennia. Archaeological evidence, David Read, Emeritus Professor at the workshops, a real sense of “family” has linguistic studies, pre-Hispanic codices University of Sheffield, UK. Not only developed over the years among many and colonial writings provide multiple is he a giant among mycologists (co- of the attendees. And this family’s values lines of evidence that there was extensive author of the textbook “Mycorrhizal are laudatory: quality science, broad knowledge and use of mushrooms when Symbiosis”), but he has a wonderfully collaboration, diverse perspectives, and the Spanish arrived. For instance, over witty and sharp sense of humour a desire to make the world a better place 5,500 common names for mushrooms (British spelling intended). In his for both humans and nature. The theme have been documented in various native opening presentation, he calculated that of this IWEMM, “Mushrooms, Humans, languages of México. More than 450 if all the ectomycorrhizal hyphal threads and Nature in a Changing World,” was species of wild edible mushrooms are in all the mycelia that existed on planet derived from these values. still consumed, of which more than half Earth each year were stretched out end- The workshop logo (Figure 1) are sold in markets (Pérez-Moreno and to-end, that they would reach across the illustrates this theme. Created by Guerin-Laguette, 2017). diameter of the Milky Way galaxy! Mexican artist Dr. Cruz García-Albarado Signifying the importance of wild The scientific presentations were (aka Cruzgaali), the logo portrays several edible mushrooms to rural communities divided into six sessions entitled: key elements. The two mushrooms are in México, was a full-sized painting 1-Diversity, and Ecology, based on illustrations in the ancient of a morel harvester presented to the 2-Sustainability, Traditional Knowledge, Oaxacan Mixtec codex Yuta Tnoho. The workshop by artist Miguel Nava during Conservation and Economic tree was adapted from a drawing from the opening ceremonies (Figure 2). importance, 3-Food Science and 2019 FUNGI Volume 11:5 45 mushrooms, as well as the people who love them. Harvesters from twelve indigenous Mexican cultures brought fresh mushrooms they had collected. These were exhibited in basketry of their ethnic group. They also exhibited and sold a rich array of their traditional handicrafts. Likewise, the workshop attendees were themselves encouraged to dress in the traditional attire of their homelands, resulting in a group photo of cultural inclusion (Figure 3). Activities included a presentation of Mexican Charros (horse-riding demonstration), dancers in Aztec costumes, freshly cooked tortillas filled with huitlacoche (the edible corn smut Figure 3. Group photo of international attendees celebrating cultural diversity by , Ustilago maydis), a presentation dressing in traditional attire from their homelands. Photo by Lucila Aragón Carrillo. about inoculating corn to cultivate huitlachoche and various children’s activities (Figure 4). Perhaps the most impressive part of the Bio-Cultural Fair was the display of high-resolution facsimiles of mushroom imagery found in parts of several extant pre-Hispanic codices. These included the Mayan Madrid and Dresden codices, as well as the Mixtec Tonindeye and Yuta Tnoho codices. Many such codices have gone through repeated name changes. The names used here for the Mixtec codices are recent suggestions based on the native language, rather than who possessed the codices after the Spanish conquest (Jansen and Jiménez, 2004). The Yuta Tnoho codex depicts the “first dawn” or “the creation of the world” (Hernandez- Santiago et al., 2017) and its association Figure 4. Children painting mushroom statuettes. with entheogenic mushrooms. Figure 5 shows representative illustrations Health and Biocultural importance, biogeography, biotechnology and climate from the facsimiles on display. One 4&5-Cultivation, and 6-Climate Change, change. Contact the co-author, Jesús of the species that might have been Molecular Biology and Genomic Pérez-Moreno, for updated information depicted in these codices is shown in Sciences. Readers who are interested in about this forthcoming book. Figure 6. Ethnic communities including further exploring the abstracts of the Providing social interludes to the the Mazatecs, Chinantecs, Zapotecs, scientific presentations and posters are numerous talks and posters, the and Nahua groups still use Psilocybe invited to download the proceedings organizers arranged a memorable mushrooms ritually. (Perez-Moreno and Guerin-Laguette, evening at the world-famous Ballet One last note on the workshop itself. 2017). To date, eleven workshop papers Folklórico de México at the Palacio de Many of the individuals helping with the have been published in two scientific Bellas Artes in downtown México City. events were mycology students. Their journals (Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana Costumed performers dramatically posters presented mycological studies 2017, Scientia Fungorum 2017). Eight recapitulated the history of México in from various regions of the country. of the articles are in English and all can music, dance and song. On Thursday, Pursuit of this scientific discipline is be freely downloaded. A book is also in attendees also had the opportunity to flourishing in México. Indeed, during the works and will likely be published in hunt for mushrooms in nearby forests or the closing ceremonies of the workshop, 2019. Written by IWEMM participants visit the ancient city of Teotihuacán. awards were presented to four bilingual and a few colleagues who could not The capstone to the workshop on students from native ethnic groups. attend, it contains sixteen chapters Friday was the “Bio-Cultural Fair.” It During his 30-year career, Dr. Jesús reflecting topics such as diversity, was a celebration of the diversity of Pérez-Moreno has trained more than 46 FUNGI Volume 11:5 2019 Figure 5. Left – A character holding entheogenic mushrooms on the first dawn (creation of the world). Right – Another figure holding mushrooms shaped more like those shown in Figure 6. Both figures appeared on folio 24 of the Mixtec codex Yuta Tnoho from Oaxaca. Figure 6. Fresh display specimens of Psilocybe zapotecorum mushrooms. 50 mycologists. They are currently working throughout México, studying techniques for improving reforestation. native fungal diversity and its ecological Some of these former students actively significance, the cultural and economic participated in the organization of the importance of wild mushrooms, IWEMM9, including: Dra. Magdalena Figure 7. Doug Olson looks on as effective technologies for inoculating Martínez-Reyes, Dr. Faustino Hernández Monserrat Pérez-Arteaga learns about native trees with edible ectomycorrhizal Santiago, Dra. Jazmín Cortes-Sarabia, “mushrumps,” (telltale bulges on the forest mushrooms and the usefulness of these MSc José Luis Barragán Soriano, MSc floor caused by emerging mushrooms).

2019 FUNGI Volume 11:5 47 Figure 11. Intricate mushroom artwork traced on the bottom of a Ganoderma conk; on display at the annual forest mushroom fair in Cuajimoloyas.

Figure 10. Mushroom artwork, by Figure 8. Aztec “Crying baby” musical Cuajimoloyas children, that includes instrument. depiction of fungal hyphae.

Ana Carolina Guerrero-Chávez and MSc and more-modern traditional music. Sigrid Cázares-Esquivel. On Sunday, the group visited the village of Nanacamilpa, which is named after the Aztec word for mushroom, Fifty people participated in the eight- “nanacatl.” The local police were day post-workshop field trip, filling a quite bemused watching our group Figure 9. Olmec statuette. modern bus. With the exception of a photographing the town logo of a visit to Oaxaca for the last two days, pristine lagoons surrounded by scenic mushroom on their department vehicles. most of the places and peoples visited forest of oaks, cedars, pines and fir. Afterwards, we visited the Nahuatl were located in the central highlands to Local leaders greeted the group with community forest of Piedra Canteada. In the east and southeast of México City in a welcoming ceremony that included order to sustainably use their community the states of México, Morelos, Tlaxcala placing beautiful necklaces of fresh forest, they organized a nature park and Veracruz. mushrooms and flowers on our necks; with miles of hiking paths and built an On Saturday, the group visited the an ancient welcoming ceremony among eco-hotel, restaurant, and campground. Tlahuica people, who distinguish Tlahuica people. After a mushroom In our honor, they were hosting their and consume more than 160 species hike with the locals, we savored their “First International Forest Mushroom of edible wild mushrooms found myco-gastronomy and enjoyed a fresh Fair.” During the day we forayed for in central México. They live near mushroom exhibition of local species. To mushrooms in their Abies, Quercus and the Lagunas de Zempoala National wrap up the visit, we joined the Tlahuica Arbutus forest (Figure 7). Park, which is renowned for its seven people in dancing to both their ancient Later, at mushroom display tables 48 FUNGI Volume 11:5 2019 specialist in mushroom cultivation and by Dr. Francisco Gerardo Loera Hernández a plant taxonomist. The Institute has an herbarium with 47,000 fungal specimens, including 84 type specimens of Psilocybe species and varieties (Instituto de Ecologia, 2018). Late in the day, we visited the Museum of Anthropology in Xalapa, which specializes in the Olmec culture and displays the giant carved-stone Olmec heads. On a lighter note, it is one of the few places in Mesoamerica where the lead author has seen statues or figurines that were not related to powerful elites Figure 12. Fresh ( jacksonii) and dried (a mix of Amanita jacksonii and A. basii) or militarism (Figure 9). “Caesar´s” mushrooms for sale in the Cuajimoloyas market. On Wednesday, on the way to Oaxaca, we visited an Agaricus mushroom Table 1. Edible Mycorrhizal Mushroom Research Topics farm, Hongos Rioxal, in Las Vigas de Taxonomy & Symbioses Forest Economic Climate change Ramírez, Veracruz. Later we passed distribution management importance by the spectacular volcanic peaks of Pico de Orizaba [a.k.a. Citlaltepetl Evolution Genomics Habitats and Cultural Conservation productivity importance from Nahuatl citlal(in)=star, and tepētl=mountain] and the adjacent Sierra Ecology Biotechnology Harvest Traditional Sustainability Negra. Towering 18,491 feet above sea management knowledge level, Citlaltepetl is the third highest Biodiversity Bioactive Cultivation Land tenure Food security mountain in North America and globally compounds and health second only to Mount Kilimanjaro in height above the surrounding topography Examples of how the topic of “Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms” encompasses many (termed, prominence). related avenues for interdisciplinary research. On Thursday, we visited the famous 2,000-year-old Tule tree. It is the (filled with specimens by the park an amazingly dense display of firefly largest Montezuma cypress (Taxodium rangers), Benjamin Valdés, an expert mate-seeking. Apparently, México is not mucronatum) in the world. Although onCaption pre-Hispanic for Table 1. musical Examples instruments, of how the topic ofa “Edible very litigious Mycorrhizal society Mushrooms” because we were only approximately 130 feet tall, its demonstratedencompasses many several related replicas. avenues One for interdisciplinary was instructed research. to walk back in the pitch dark immense trunk is heavily buttressed. similar to the Australian didgeridoo, but (except for the fireflies), in a long line, If the trunk is measured along the the most amazing one was the crying holding hands. There were no mishaps. convoluted folds of its surface, it has a baby instrument (Figure 8). It is filled On Monday, we started the day by greater circumference than any other with water, and when tipped forward visiting the huge Mayan archeological tree in the world (although not the and back repeatedly, it leaks tears out of site of Cacaxtla where thousand-year- greatest diameter). Three kids were the eyes while creating a “crying” sound. old, original-paint color murals have our niños guías (little guides) and they Large vats of fresh pulque were been excavated. Later in the day, we pointed out how various parts of the available for sampling during dinner. visited the Biodiversity Laboratory of the trunk resembled body parts. At one Afterwards came the highlight of Center for the Investigation of Biological point, I heard them refer to “Monica our visit and what makes this park Sciences at the Autonomous University Lewinski’s legs.” world-famous: its designation as the of Tlaxcala where Dra. Adriana Montoya Afterwards, we wound our way Santuario de las Luciernagas, or the is heading up a program focused on up the surrounding Sierra Norte to Sanctuary of the Fireflies (Vance et al., Ethnomycological Studies. While there, the 10,000-foot-elevation Zapotec 2017). These forest fireflies are a locally indigenous Nahuatl cooks treated us to a ecotourism village of San Antonio endemic species, that was only recently sumptuous feast of locally collected and Cuajimoloyas. We missed their 17th recognized and named Macrolampis prepared edible mushrooms, including Regional Forest Mushroom Fair by palaciosi S. Zaragoza-Caballero. As Amanita jacksonii and A. basii, the only one week, but parts of the event dusk descended, we were led up a Mesoamerican equivalents of the lingered for us. Costumed greeters steep, rutted, slippery logging road into European A. caesarea mushroom. welcomed us in the main display hall the midst of a dense forest. We were On Tuesday we visited the Institute with a copal incense ceremony. The instructed to use no flashlights and to of Ecology (INECOL) in Xalapa walls of the hall were painted by local be utterly quiet (which was probably in the cloud forests of the state of children with mushroom designs, not necessary, but it lent to the awe). Veracruz. We were hosted by Dr. including ones depicting fungal hyphae As the forest darkened, we witnessed Gerardo Mata Montes de Oca, a (Figure 10). Included in the display was 2019 FUNGI Volume 11:5 49 a very detailed sketch on a Ganoderma consists of more than 400 mushroom conk (although Amanita was amusingly stamps from 44 countries. The catalogue misspelled “Amalita,” Figure 11). of this collection is available as a PDF file Several booths in the town center from the lead author. were still selling fresh Amanita jacksonii, During Dra. Perez-Silva’s ongoing 50- although the dried specimens, that year career at the National Autonomous were labeled “,” were University of México, she has focused likely a mix of Amanita jacksonii and on the taxonomy, ecology, edibility, A. basii (Figure 12). Later, the Zapotec and toxicity of mushrooms. She has community was gracious enough to published over 100 scientific papers, allow our group to foray for an hour in given hundreds of lectures, mentored their community forest. After our foray, and inspired many aspiring mycologists, local cooks served us a variety of dishes investigated traditional and gourmet prepared with their local mushrooms. mushroom cuisines, wrote mushroom By Friday, some of the field trip recipe books, and focused on rescuing participants simply wanted to spend traditional knowledge about the some time in Oaxaca city. Indeed, we importance of edible wild mushrooms were in-between the two Mondays of in México. In 1965, along with Gastón the celebration of the world famous Guzmán, she co-founded the Mexican Guelaguetza Festival. This regional Mycological Society, which is now called Figure 13. Renowned Mexican Oaxacan festival dates back to pre- the Mexican Association for the Study of mycologist, Dra. Evangelina Perez-Silva Hispanic times and includes a host of Fungi A.C (https://www.facebook.com/ attending the IWEMM9, which was local indigenous groups converging to SociedadMexicanadeMicologia/). organized by her former student, Dr. celebrate their cultural richness and Reflective of Mexico’s mycophilic Jesús Pérez-Moreno. She is wearing ethnic diversity. The city was, therefore, culture, in 1985 the postal service a huipil (native dress) of the Tehuana alive with parades and celebrations, and issued a collection of mushroom stamps women of her native Oaxaca. the famous city Zócalo (town center) was illustrating 50 different species and noted bustling with activity. which ones were poisonous (Moore, magazine. Thus, the modern world was Other field trip participants visited the 2018). The stamps in the collection that introduced to the surviving entheogenic pre-Hispanic site of Monte Albán on a Dra. Perez-Silva donated also included mushroom rituals of some of the ridge, six miles west of Oaxaca City. One rare Psilocybe stamps. Interestingly, four indigenous cultures of México. of the longest continuous urban centers of these are from the African nation of For readers interested in pursuing this in Mesoamerica, it was a center of trade Benin, and one from Argentina (Figure 14). topic further, on a shelf of a book store and culture for over a thousand years Although México has not released in Oaxaca, there was a special issue starting around 500 BCE. any Psilocybe stamps per se, in 2004 of the journal Arqueologia Mexicana Another highlight shared by a few the country released a María Sabina entirely dedicated to the topic of participants was a visit to the Oaxaca commemorative stamp honoring the the “Hallucinogens of Pre-Hispanic Museum of Philately (Museo de Filatelia 110th anniversary of her birth (Figure México” (Arqueologia Mexicana, 2003). de Oaxaca, 2018). It has an extensive 15). She was the Mazatec curandera Although the articles are in Spanish, mushroom stamp collection under (native healer) from the town of they are all translated into English in the the category “Flores que no son flores” Huautla de Jimenez, Oaxaca whose final pages. (Flowers that are not flowers). The psilocybin mushroom ceremony was On Saturday, the long but very entire collection was donated by the popularized in the article “Seeking the scenic drive back to México City from preeminent Mexican mycologist, Dra. Magic Mushroom,” by Robert Gordon Oaxaca allowed time for reflection Evangelina Perez-Silva (Figure 13). It Wasson in the May 13, 1957 issue of Life on the numerous impressions the

Figure 14. Psilocybe stamps in the Oaxaca Museum of Philately.

50 FUNGI Volume 11:5 2019 Kuri, J. 2017. Hongos, humanos y naturaleza /Mushrooms, humans and nature [Spanish with English subtitles]. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=ZnGnKPsISX0 Leon, A. 2017. IWEMM9 México [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=qTsEiocph1M Moore, D. 2018. Fungi on Postage Stamps [Special issue sheet of Mexican mushroom stamps]. www.davidmoore. org.uk/Fungi-on-Stamps07.htm Museo de Filatelia de Oaxaca. 2018. MUFI. México: Oaxaca. http://mufi.org.mx/en/ home1.php Perez-Moreno, J. 2017. Prologue to the articles on edible mushrooms included in this issue. Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 40(4): 369. https://www.revistafitotecniamexicana. org/documentos/40-4/prologo369.pdf Perez-Moreno, J., and A. Guerin-Laguette, eds. 2017. Mushrooms, Humans, and Figure 15. María Sabina commemorative stamp in the Oaxaca Museum of Philately. Nature in a Changing Qorld. Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop group had assimilated from visiting Scientific Committee for the IWEMMs, on Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms the mycological side of México. The whose members ensured the scientific (IWEMM9). Colegio de Postgraduados landscape, ecosystems, mycota, and quality of workshop presentations and and CONACyT. México: México City. human cultures of México are all publications. Lastly, we wish to thank the https://iwemm9web.wixsite.com/mexico/ incredibly diverse. These aspects of reviewers of this article: Steve Carpenter, iwemm9-proceedings diversity interact as an integrated whole, Simon Egli, Roberto Flores and Alexis Pilz, D., R.Flores-Arzú, N. Gurriarán-Quiróz, very much like the workshop logo Guerin-Laguette. and J. Maria-González. 2015. Mayan depicts. Visit yourself and share in the mycology in the land of the jaguars. Fungi rich tapestry of Mexican mycophilia! 8(1): 27-33. fungimag.com/spring-2015- Arqueologia Mexicana. 2003. Alucinógenos articles/Mayan%20LR.pdf Del México Prehispánico (Hallucinogens Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana. 2017. 40(4): Although co-author Jesús Pérez- in pre-Hispanic Mexico) 10(9): [Special [Five articles with Spanish titles but Moreno was the key organizer of the issue.] https://arqueologiamexicana.mx/ written in English.] https://www. IWEMM9, everyone who participated ediciones-regulares/59-alucinogenos- revistafitotecniamexicana.org/40-4.html felt sincere gratitude to his wife, Cristina prehispanicos Scientia Fungorum. 2017. 46: [Six articles, Arteaga León, who graciously and Hernandez-Santiago, F., M. Martinez-Reyes, three in English.] http://scientiafungorum. meticulously helped each attendee with J. Perez-Moreno, and G. Mata. 2017. org.mx/index.php/micologia/issue/view/ the details of the workshop registration, Pictographic representation of the first SF%20Vol.46%20%28diciembre% transportation, lodging and other dawn and its association with entheogenic 29%202017 travel details. Cristina and Jesús’s mushrooms in a 16th century Mixtec Sourzat, P., ed. 2016. Abstract book: The older daughter, Sara, spoke excellent Mesoamerican Codex. Scientia Fungorum Eighth International Workshop on English and often provided precise 46: 19-28. http://scientiafungorum. Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms translations as well as rapidly finding org.mx/index.php/micologia/article/ (IWEMM8) & The Sixth Conference of useful information with her cell phone. view/1173/1360 the Tuber aestivum/uncinatum European The earnest assistance of students from Instituto de Ecologia. 2018. Colección de Scientific Group (TAUESG 6). Chambre the Colegio de Postgraduados and from hongos. INECOL. México: Xalapa. d’agriculture du Lot. France: Cahors. the Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad http://www.ecologia.edu.mx/inecol/ https://www.iwemm8-cahors.com/home- Altamirano, Guerrero contributed index.php/en/ct-menu-item-1/ct-menu- english/abstract/ greatly to the workshop. The support of item-5/hongos Vance, E., and S. R. Kuri (authors), Luce, K. its many sponsors, listed in the preface Jansen, M., and G.A.P. Jimenez. 2004. (photographer). 2017. How fireflies are to the Proceedings, made the workshop Renaming the Mexican codices. Ancient keeping this tiny Mexican town alive. possible. Alexis Guerin-Laguette, Mesoamerica 15: 267-271. https:// National Geographic. https://www. researcher with the New Zealand openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/ nationalgeographic.com/photography/ Institute for Plant and Food Research, handle/1887/16354/Renaming. proof/2017/08/firefly-fields-mexico- is the current head of the International pdf?sequence=1 tourism-ecotourism/ 2019 FUNGI Volume 11:5 51