DIVERGENT/ DIVERGENT/CONVERGENT

Journal of the University 101 Program Tenth Anniversary Edition - Spring 2016

DIVERGENT/ DIVERGENT/ CONVERGENT

Journal of the University 101 Program Tenth Anniversary Edition - Spring 2016 University 101 expressive thoughtful intentional supportin making this journal possible. The University 101 program makes knowledge more accessible by offering accessible more makes knowledge program 101 University The faced barriers to post- academic courses to students who have non-credit, free, Humanities and Uni 101 - offered, courses are core Two secondary education. course201 Uni the includes programming Alumni Sciences. Social - 102 Uni knowledge, for the students’ and value Respect and Leadership Program. program The the foundations of the program. are experiences, and differences learning. and to foster collaborative to be inclusive strives DIVERGENT/CONVERGENT 101 University by 2016 Copyright © April asserted. of the authors are The moral rights 5C2 V8P BC Victoria, Road, Finerty 3800 Victoria, of University by Published Media. Sheep Pink donated by Design Services for their ongoing Printing thanks to UVic Special Contents

Bridges Not Walls 1 The Violin Challenge 24 by Shelagh Rogers, by Maree Carter, Chancellor, University of Victoria Uni 201 Student

Ask All the Questions 2 Accidental Philosphy Professor 26 by Catherine Krull, by Audrey Yap, Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences Philosophy Instructor

Ten Years of Making Change 4 She Will Never Be The Same Again 30 by Becky Cory, by Glenda-Lee Pickit, Uni 101 Program Coordinator Uni 201 Student

Writing Gives Voice 8 Larry the Leapin' Lemur 36 by Anonymous, by Glenda-Lee Pickit Uni 201 student Kindness Has No Price Tag 38 Reflections on University 101 12 by Vanessa Stetten, by Maureen MacDonald, Uni 102 Student Dean, Continuing Studies Things I Learned in Uni 101 40 The Immune System 14 by Wendy Anthony, by Lynda, Uni 201 Student Uni 201 student Some Reflections on Uni 101 43 Ten Years of University 101 20 by Reeta C. Tremblay, by Kristin Semmens, Political Science Instructor History Instructor Learning Haiku 46 How Meditation Helped Me With Uni 102 62 First day on campus 83 Eating Crow 106 by Gerry Thompson, by Antonio Ruiz, by Robert Anderson, by Chloe Seguin, Uni 102 Student Uni 102 Student Uni 201 Student Uni 201 Student

A Shining Example 47 Social Inequality and Playdough Capitalism 64 People 84 Education and Drug Companies 109 by Gerry Thompson by Bill Carroll, by Corrie Ouwejan, by Parmjit Thiara, Sociology Instructor Uni 102 Student Uni 102 Student Never Forget 48 by Elizabeth Brimacombe, We are Learning 70 The Joy of Learning 85 University 101 110 Psychology Instructor by Desiree Grubell, by Corrie Ouwejan by Jamie Dopp, Uni 102 Student Poetry Instructor Self 50 University 101 and the Community 86 by Elizabeth Brimacombe Disney: Then and Now 73 by Bruce, Africa, Oh Africa 112 by Desiree Grubell Uni 102 Student by Lynn-Eve Freeman, Sky Reflections 52 Uni 102 Student by Desi Sloan, My Experience in Uni 10 77 I saw a light 88 Student Liaison by Desiree Grubell by Tiffany Lowe, Winds of Change 116 Uni 102 Student by Kathleen Cameron, Our Journey Through Life 54 Open my World 78 Uni 102 Student by danusha HART, by Margaret Fairley, Language and Culture 92 Uni 102 Student Uni 102 Student by Ewa Czaykowska-Higgins, The Day that Changed My Life 118 Linguistics Instructor by Mark Ewart, Community 57 Vive le Quebec Libre 79 Uni 102 Student by danusha HART by Robert Caron, Emerging-with-Uni 102, Winter-2016 94 Uni 102 Student by Saki Ola Data, Medicalization 122 Viagra is Blue 58 Uni 102 Student by Riga Godron, by Joseph The Obscure, Always: a Traditional Irish blessing 82 Uni 102 Student Uni 102 Student by Susan Courtney, My experience in Uni 101 and Uni 102 104 Uni 102 Student by Jodylynn Welsh, Euthanasia 124 Uni 102 Student by Riga Godron Of Plato and Nato 128 Never Forget 148 Awakening To the Reality of Food Sources 167 Rethinking Fred Flintstone 196 by Diethild Tarso, by Bonnie Frederick, by Beverley Dobell, by Beth Smith, Uni 102 Student Uni 201 Student Uni 102 Student Student Liaison

Plato’s Rings 129 Gratitude 149 Dido’s Lament 172 Haiku: Uni-ized 200 by Diethild Tarso by Bonnie Frederick by Alicia Ulysses, by Beth Smith Mexican Literature Instructor The Most Valuable Learning 130 Apparition of the Gardens at UVic 155 Transformations 201 by W. Robert Arnold, by Sam Shrikhande, From the Eye of a Student in the light of by Beth Smith Uni 201 Student Uni 102 Student Economics 174 Ableism 203 by Reiko Sekiguchi, My Experience with Uni 101 132 Struggling 156 by Terri-Lynne Beaton, Uni 102 Student by W. Robert Arnold by Yenruedee Nonmee, Student Liaison Uni 102 Student A Consideration of Cultural Transfer: The Case of Hope 136 Howling For Justice 206 Waraji Footwear 180 by Lou Maclaren, Lessons in Human Resources: Sharing Shame 158 by Terri-Lynne Beaton by Reiko Sekiguchi Uni 201 Student by Beverley Johnson, Uni 101 Program 210 Student Liaison An Amazing Anniversary 186 What Uni 101 Teaches Me 139 by Terri-Lynne Beaton by Joyce Cheung, by Elizabeth Vibert, Choose [Mirror-talk] 161 Uni 201 Student History Instructor by Beverley Johnson Law and Law Enforcement 188 A Mother's Prayer 142 Huang's World 162 by Cynthia Stork, by Jacqueline P. Ogaard, by Aziza Urazova, Uni 201 Student Uni 201 Student Uni 102 Student An Unpleasant Re-acquaintance 194 Uni 101 and Me 146 Kazakh folk song "Lullaby" 165 by Sean Griswold, by Gordon Shrimpton, translated by Aziza Urazova Uni 102 Student Greek & Roman Studies Instructor I learned, most am curious of all, that I - Wendy Anthony, Uni201Student

1 University 101 Chancellor, University of Victoria by Shelagh Rogers, Not WallsBridges participation, presence participation, andpassion. I wishyou allthebest. you forhonouringtheUniversity of Victoria withyour Heartfelt congratulations to thisyear’s graduates. Thank critical thinkingandconnection through your experience. Students, I hope thatyou have gained knowledge, confidence, say how muchIadmire themforattendingUniversity 101. challenges in their education prior to coming to UVic, and Finally, Isalutethecourageofstudentswho mayhave faced tocontributethisgreatand expertise enterprise. teaching assistantsandallwhohave volunteered theirtime lifelong learning,withoutbarriers.Ithanktheprofessors and wisdom ofothers.Iamproud thatUVic creates thisspacefor helps usgrow and andlearnfrom theexperienceofhistory democracy. Studying thehumanitiesandsocialsciences sometimes challenging,perspectives. Thisiswhat refreshes to cross that bridgetohearfresh thinkingandnew, and It is essential to reach beyond our own side of the river, Uni 101isagreat exampleofthatvalue mademanifest. value fortheuniversity important and engagement isavery bridges. There isnowallaround theRing Road. Community University of Victoria, where education bridges." Thespiritofbridgesnotwallsisinthe oxygen atthe Invisible Man said“education isallamatterofbuilding in mostofhisaddresses. RalphEllison, theauthorofThe not walls.Sir Isaac Newton saiditandPope Francis saysit It’s beensaidmanytimes,ways:we needbridges

a matter of building is amatterofbuilding

ers g Ro h g Shela Catherine Krull Dean, Faculty ofSocialSciences by Catherine Krull, AlltheQuestions Ask what William Butler Yeats hasargued, "Education isnotthe give contexttoourdaily experiences.Thisprocess exemplifies provide toolkittoexamineand studentswithanimportant people thinkaboutsocietyand theworldtheyinhabit.They Social SciencesandHumanities challenge thewaythat especially how itcanprovide personalempowerment. The impact onme;theyunderscore thevalue ofeducation, narratives attheendofcoursehashadasignificant Completion Celebration. Listening to their self-reflective students andpresenting attheir themwiththeircertificates Each year, Ihave theprivilegeofwelcoming incomingUni to suchadynamicclassroom learningexperience. fromperspectives, lifeexperiences,whichcontribute carved unique perspective onwhatwe study. It istheseunique year inUni 101/102how ourhistoriesgive eachofusa issues. More importantly, asateacher, Iamreminded each depth ofdiscussionthattakesplaceonawiderange students' engagementwiththecoursematerialand of Victoria. As an academic, I am impressed with the theUniversitysupport 101/102Program attheUniversity As theDean oftheFaculty ofSocial Sciences,Iamproud to obstacles.” - Washington Irving butirresistibleworking their solitary waythrough athousand create disadvantage, themselves,and springingupunderevery “It isinteresting tonoticehow somemindsseemalmostto society owes toitself.” -Robin Cook “Education ismore itisaresponsibility thanaluxury; that

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3 University 101 struggles, have knownstruggles, loss,andhave foundtheir wayoutofthedepths." beautiful peopleI've known are thosewhohave known trials,have known to embrace the unknown. As Elisabeth Kübler-Ross stated so well, “The most much from theUni 101/102studentsand Iapplaudthemfortheircourage with theUni 101/102program, staff,faculty, and volunteers. Ihave learned an impact on society. It and be is associated a continuing privilege to support I inviteourstudentstocontinuequestioning,seeking answers, and having become changemakersintheworld. issuesprovidesengaging withimportant boththeskillsandconfidenceto learn –andastheUni 101/102studentsshow –criticallythinkingaboutand you have alltheanswers, you have notasked all thequestions.Aswe all the answers.' But astheoldadage says–whichstudentsabsorbquicklyif I anticipatedthatmyprofessors andmyresearch wouldprovide mewith'all in research, how intimidatingandyet gratifyinguniversity couldbe.Naively, recall from myown experiences,firstintheclassroom andthenasIengaged 101/102 studentswhohave overcome barrierstobebackintheclassroom. I are outthere forever. Accordingly, Irecognize thecouragefrom theUni writing forawideaudiencecanbedaunting–oncepublished,thesewords incritically examiningsomethingandthenputtingitin context, theeffort how onefits,andsometimesdoesnotfit,intoitisalwayschallenging. Inthis Doing so,admittedly, isnotalwayseasy. Lookingatsocietyanddetermining to engagewithoneanother, self-reflect, askquestions,andexplore ideas. new critically aboutoursocietyaswell asglobalissues.Students are encouraged for life-longlearning.Importantly, teachstudentstothink courseinstructors and individualgrowth; itisthelightingofafire, thecreating ofapassion both anintellectualexercise andapracticalmeanstobringunderstanding filling ofapail,butthelightingfire." The Uni101/102courses are if you have alltheanswers, you have not asked allthequestions Becky Cory cultivate. the door. People have to feel welcome. And that’s harder to But we alsoknow that belongingismore thanjustopening would notbeabletocome classtwiceaweek. arethat ifthosesupports notprovided, manystudents childcare subsidies and course materials because we know from accessingeducation. We provide meals,bustickets, toaddress thematerialbarriersthatoftenpreventtry people more accessible.One ofthethingswe have alwaysdoneis many conversations abouthow we canmaketheprogram As oneoftheorganizers ofUni of 101,Ihave beenpart inUniincluded, untilIstarted 101." all mylife,butIwasnever or oncampus,Inever feltworthy Uni 101studentsaidtomerecently, “I’ve lived in Victoria created asenseofbelongingintheUni 101students.Asa campus has done something that we did not anticipate. It bus rideforsome!But havingthecoursesatmainUVic in somewaysitislessaccessiblethandowntown. It’s along we worried that theprogram wouldbeless accessible. And closed andwe moved theprogram tothemainUVic campus, restaurants andorganizations. When thedowntown campus donated by community groups or sold to us at cost by local Many people,intheback ofmytruck. mealswerethirty forclass,includingcoffeeandoftenameal everything downtown campus.There wasnoofficeandIwouldbring years. In thebeginning,program waslocatedatUVic’s oftheUniI have been part 101communityforjustover ten Uni 101Program Coordinator by Becky Cory, Ten Years ofMaking Change

4 University 101

5 University 101 experiences of marginalizationare socially produced, ratherthanbasedon Uni 101we work from aframeworkofsystemic inequality. We examinehow internalized, sothatpeoplebecomeless connectedtotheirown capacities.In of respectworthy and inclusion. These experiencesof marginalizationcanbe these issuesare pushedtothe marginsandtoooftenseenasnotfullyhumanor unstable housing,addiction are allstigmatized inoursociety. Thoseaffected by Poverty, mental health diagnoses, single parenting, physical disabilities, just goaway, we create theconditionswhere power canthrive. an analysisofpower matters. toignore power,When we try hopingitwill Uni 101program istochallengehierarchy andusualflows ofpower. Having education andothersystemsisdetrimental. One ofthecentraltenets the handsofteachersandauthorityfigures. Theauthoritarianuseof power in Too oftenpeoplecome to theUni 101program having experiencedshame at Power engagement. a senseofbelongingthatisatthecore ofhealth,mentalhealthandcivic for peopletobuildconnectionswithothersintheircommunity, creating reaching out. Uni 101’s focus on community building creates opportunities that we really meanwhatwe sayandthatwe’re into willingtoputtheeffort with Uni 101canbeinaplacetheyare familiarwith. We wantpeopletoknow city, year, locations almost every adding new so that people’s first experience belonging atUVic. We outreach run sessionsatmanylocationsaround the we canreach outtoconnectwithpeoplewhomaynotseethemselves as We thinkalotabout theculture andcommunityintheclassroom, andhow Belonging Having ananalysis ofpower matters. to When we try ignore power, hopingitwilljustgoaway, we create the conditions where power canthrive. based onindividual ‘fault.’ marginalization are sociallyproduced, rather than inequality. We examine how experiences of Uni101 weIn work from aframework ofsystemic and popularculture, asitcanchallenge ourlong-heldideas.However, as this is unsettling, especially when we think critically together about media relevant intheclassroom, you inyour canuseiteverywhere life!Sometimes foundation ofUni 101.Andas studentsoftensay, criticalthinkingisn’t just Learning tothinkcritically is atthecore ofuniversity educationandalsothe thinking Critical own else. learningwitheveryone knowledge to share,particular or expertise they are also committed totheir volunteers and student leadersmay havejournal). Althoughinstructors, find contributions describing these various experiences inthepagesofthis learning, regardless facilitators,students(you ofourrole: will instructors, the classroom, we believehassomethingtocontributethe thateveryone Hum program at UBC. It bothdescribes our practices and inspires us. In This isaphrase we created inconversation withtheprogram leadersofthe Bring what you have inabundance creating thesource ofthatpower themselves. not becauseothersare imbuingthemwithpower, butbecausetheyare to connecttheirown power andcapacities.Thus, studentsare empowered, of thecourses.Theoutcomethisfoundationisthatmanystudentsare able respecting studentsknowledge andcapacitytomeettheacademicchallenges themselves thattheyexperience. We create conditions by theseparticular the studentswhodowork andare responsible foranychangesinthe We oftensayinUni 101thatourjobistocreate theconditions.It is and situatesindividualexperiencesinasocial/politicalcontext. individual ‘fault.’ Thischallengestheisolationproduced by marginalization

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7 University 101 I can'twaittoseewhatchanges thenexttenyears oflearningmightbring. willing toletgoofpractices thatdidnothelpuslive uptoourvalues. tried manythings. We’ve keptthebestofthosepracticesand we’ve been also theprogram asawhole. We have learnedfrom ourexperiences. We have We are alearning communityinmanyways-notjusttheclassroom, but A learningcommunity to bepublishedinthejournalgave meconfidencetoshare myideas." alumni abouttheimpactofUni 101andonestudentsaid,“the opportunity skills theylearninthecourses.Recently we didabrainstormwithgroup of results ingreater confidence,personalgrowth andaplacetopracticethe and are to givenvolunteer other students, which opportunities to support ways ofdoingthings.Students are innovators andproducers ofknowledge ideasandnew outnew create alearningcommunitythatissafeplacetotry enables people to connect to their creativity. In the Uni 101 classes, we aim to aren’t prepared tobewrong. Having asafeplacetorisk,andpotentiallyfail, “Do schoolskillcreativity?” In thattalkhesayswe can’t becreative ifwe ofeachtermweAt watchKen thestart Robinson’s well-known TED talk Creativity requires risk students oftentaketheleadindeterminingwhere theprogram isheading. labs. Thishasledtoamore confidentandinformedstudentbody, where to use theresources and computer that are on campus, such as the library world withaccesstoknowledge resources. In Uni 101and102,studentslearn Students consistentlytalkabouthow beingattheuniversity opensup anew Making knowledge more accessible not wishtoengageincriticalconversations. years. It hard canbevery tobeacriticalthinkersurrounded by thosewhodo critical thinkingvalidates thekindofquestionstheyhave beenaskingfor unsettling asitcanbe,Ialsohearfrom somanystudentsthatlearningabout Anonymous Uni 201student by Anonymous, GivesWriting Voice needed a new car,needed anew I decidedtosell. perimeter drainanddiscoveringassistance topay foranew I and nomaintenancedoneby theprior owners. Aftergetting combination ofbadworkmanship when theplacewasbuilt perimeter drainaswaterhad entered thecrawlspace.It wasa didn't have muchmore. Themobile Iboughtneededanew which wasexciting AlthoughIhadamobilehome, news. Fall termbutIwasable to getintothenext Winter term in thelocalfree paper. It wastoolatetoregister forthe I was living in Sidney and noticed the Uni 101 advertisement personal and/orpsychological nature. university inalongtimeandwho,likeme,hadissuesof like me,hadnotattendeduniversity orhadnotattended interested me,meetpeoplewho, that maynothave otherwise years ago. It was,andstillis,aplaceIgotolearnabouttopics I becameastudentintheUni 101program many, many life thatwillnotcostyou anything. could bealife I insights with the hope that you will try Uniinsights withthehopethatyou willtry 101becauseit 101, 102 and now 201 that I wanted to share, along with my just one of many skills I learned while attending University as aresult ofusingcriticalthinkingskills.Critical thinkingwas understanding aboutmyselfandaddressed whatImostvalue while writingthisreflective essaythatitgave meagreater and topromote itscontinuance.However, Idiscovered what theUni 101and102program waslikeforme nitially, wastotalkabout thepurposeofthisarticle -altering ev ­ ent. It isoneofthosegoodrisksin

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9 University 101 back to Victoria, hadsurgery, exercised, and continuedtodoalotofpersonal replacement surgery, Ifeltcouldnolongerdo thework Ioncedid.moved up my own businessinDuncan. However, when I needed a double entrepreneurship program offered by the government, whichledmetoset Coming backtotheisland wasgoodformeasitallowed metotakean outmylifeonceagain. andsort Canada totry for meandsoIdidwhatsomedowhentheyare 18years old,Iwent across up. Idecided tofocusonmyselfandcat.Driving hasalwaysbeentherapeutic burnt out.Iwastoldtoquitorreturn towork aftermythree monthleave was completing itIleft Victoria totakeajobupinSquamish I butunfortunately Therapyprogram insteadofcontinuingoninauniversityArt program. After art therapyworkshop,post office.Aftertakingan Idecidedtoenroll inthe tobeablehouse-sitforfriendsandfindajobatthe 1989. Iwasfortunate and packmycats(Purdy andShoes). Iarrived in Victoria intheSpring of dispose ofmybelongings,hitchalong leave Winnipeg lifein andbeginanew Victoria, ittooklittletimeformeto silent andgrew uptobewhatever peoplewantedmetobe. When Idecidedto speaking uporagainstwasaconsequenceIdidnotwantandsoremained and abrother withundiagnosedAsperger's.Ilearnedthatgettinghitfor I comefrom afamilywhere there wasviolence,alcoholism,andmentalillness out. for metosort This was a familiar pattern for me when stressful situations become too much wasittimetoleavemoving block.AllIknew again. apartment toanew or whetheritwasaftermycarhadbeenvandalized twicethatdidmeinafter figure out whether it was the cockroaches that came out at 11 p. m. that night, master's program inEducational Psychology. It time as I tried to was a blurry doing assignments.Ifled towork onapre Winnipeg in1989aftertrying PTSD whileIwasintherapy, soitwasarelief tonothave tostress myselfwith or not.Idiscovered Ihadalearningdisability(ADDw/ohyperactivity)and passes were provided, amealwasprovided aswell! Icouldcompleteassignments money I did not have. AllI had todo was show up. Bus tickets or parking It about shelling out more to come to classes andnot worry was wonderful bed uhaul(couldn'tgetar ­ egular one), egular one), knee ­ ­

and become more accepting ofmyself andothers. presentations myself have out allhelpedmesort of avariety intheclassitselfandhearing Being watchful andquiet. But theviolence andtheparent orthe sistergoingoffto the personeitherleaves orgetshelp. tooltobe Isuppose itwasmysurvival all butcalmontheinsideseems totakeover, andIamrelieved onlywhen brain towork through themoment.Looking calm ontheoutsidebutbeing may behavingapost an adult, not a child,thosechildhood fears can still take over. Even though I Even thoughImaysaytomyself... thatwasthenandthisisnow andthatIam come intoclasswhohave mentalhealthissuesoraddictions.Iget triggered. Sometimes, though,ithasnotbeeneasytostayfocused,especiallywhenpeople technology. Thecomputerlabhas really helpfulstaff.Thisisallgood. place tolearnaboutlimitationsandboundaries.It isalsoaplacetolearnabout Assistants have beenhelpfulinassistingmewithpapersIhave written.It isa speaking withBecky, thecoordinator oftheUni 101Program. The Teaching It also has helped to define what I want for myself in the near future as did myselfout andbecomemorehelped mesort acceptingofmyselfandothers. others. Being intheclassitselfandhearingavariety ofpresentations have all to neglectmyselfandgetintonon and exercise, have beenbeneficialinunderstandingmyself. Ihave atendency time formetomove on.Lectures onsuchtopicsasimmunology, orpsychology not where UniI was way back when I started 101 and many times I think it is Tuesday evenings. Ihave beenabletocomeandgo. Iwonderaboutthis,asam affected me,and yet theoneconstantinmylifewas Uni 201 classeson Life happens.Thingschange. Poor healthanddeathsinmyfamilyhave all of thisessay. work. Iboughtamobilehomeandnow thisbringsmebacktothebeginning ­ traumatic str ess moment, I cannot seem to get my rational ess moment,Icannotseemto getmyrational acceptance orjudgmentalnessofmyselfand ­

10 University 101 11 University 101 program. program. and thenjoinusinUni 201 or goontotakeHumanities orsomeother inspiring whentheUni 101and Uni 102studentsgopickuptheircertificates 101 and102share theirstories duringtheCompletionCelebration.Ifindit each week. My isreading favorite part Divergent/Convergent and when Uni Finally, Uni 201presentations are varied andinformative andbringmeback why IstillcometoUni 201. for metotackleasIgrow anddevelop asaperson.Thisis yet another reason be better and not them. Acceptance of where people are at is yet another area been an amazing thing for them. But then I am the one that felt things could toattendsomethinglikeUnihelp orhadtheopportunity 101,itmayhave have beenabletoacceptthattheywere experiencingproblems andhadsought and goontotakeothercourses.Ithinkthat,ifonlymyfamily memberswould impressed by thosewithchallengeswhocometolearn,contribute andgrow, The main reason Icometoclassnow istohearthespeakersandlearn.Iam to attendingUni 101and102. the oppressor." Having avoice andusingitissomethingIgive credit, inpart, I believe itisMartin Luther King who said: "To be silent is to take the side of am sayingwhatIbelieve, andnotwhatmightbethepopularpositiontotake. that fromI attending 201classes.Iamnolongersilent.findingmy voice. the paper, whichIamproud tosay, have beenpublished.Ilearnedhow todo the community, theprovince, ortheworld,Isendmycommentsaboutitinto Writing gives meavoice whenspeechisdifficult.in Whenasituationarises their fearsandangertoatrainedpersonand/orescapingwhenonecan. addiction problem orthetendencytoward violentbehaviourotherthanvoicing who are onthe receiving end of the person who has the mental illness or the who hasthementalillnessoraddiction,butnottoomanyhearfrom those So whyamIwritingthis? Well, onehearsfrom theperson forthemostpart beinghyper did gettothepointoftrusting; the mentalhealthcentre fortreatment wasdifficultthroughout mylife.Inever ­vigilant wasawaytostaysafe.

Maureen MacDonald L Dean, ContinuingStudies by Maureen MacDonald, onUniversity 101 Reflections services and the development ofastrong communityinand services volunteers, we have seenawiderrangeofprogramming and faculty, and staff,andstudents,community partners has evolved, through of a multitude of UVic the efforts of Victoria waytothe community. inameaningful Asit of access–awaytoextend theresources oftheUniversity have tomouldoursociety. University asapoint 101started the impactalittlebitofmoneyandlotattention can the storiesoftransformation,hope,achievement and Uni 101 in theirpersonal and byprofound ways, I amstruck As Ihave stoodonthesidelinesandwatchedfolksexperience communities stronger. value oftheprogram –forwhenwe eachlearn,we makeour accomplishments. I’ve cometoincreasingly appreciate the thisrepresentsimportantly hundreds ofindividual we celebrate 10 years of collective achievement. More ofthatfirststep. andtheimportance opportunity Today – lessonsaboutperseverance, optimism,hard work, I’ve learnedalotaboutUniversity 101sinceitsinception see, adifferent coursemayhave beencharted. thisprogram andtheoutcomeswewho support typically enoughtoexperience themanytalentedpeople fortunate that wouldhave setmanyofusback.Had theybeen Smart, capable,reflective peoplewhohave facedchallenges in mylifewhocouldhave thrived inUni 101. breaks, andsomeofuscan’t catchone.Ihave people ife isn’t alwaysfair. Some ofusseemtogetallthe 12 University 101 13 University 101 opportunity to support Uni tosupport opportunity 101. the past10years. This isgreat proud work tohave andIam hadthe very Congratulations toallassociated withthesuccessofUniversity 101for difference folksinmylife. toafew should doandinhow Iinteractwithmycommunity. I wishithadmadea made adifference tomeinhow Ilookatthework auniversity canand and different perspectives. It makesadifference toourcommunity. Ithas the teachersandteachingassistantswhoare challengedby toughquestions students wholookattheworldthroughlenses.It new makesadifference to has value. It hasimpact.It makes adifference. It makesadifference tothe have created, throughout thetenyears. sustainedandparticipated Uni 101 It isanhonourtobeassociatedwiththisprogram andthepeoplethat This isaprogram thatallows thebestinallofustoshine. have used it to stretch themselves in way they hadn’t previously contemplated. of accesstoUVic. Others have usedittoconquerpersonalgoals.Still others ways none of us anticipated at the outset. Some have used Uni 101 as a point become learners –faculty, staff, andstudents have alllearnedandgrown in our studentshave becometheteachers;someofourteachershave onceagain students whohave takentheprogram. No oneleaves untouched.Some of with thisprogram hasbeenimpactedby it,andmore importantly, by the Anyone that Ihave encountered whohashadtheprivilegetobeassociated and IundoubtedlyseethiswiththestudentsinUniversity 101. easily quelled. I see thisin students in theDivision of Continuing Studies have madetheirmark– oncethefire tolearnhasbeenset,itisapassion not of itself. Thesuiteof University 101, University 102,and University 201 This isaprogram that allows thebestinall of usto shine. Lynda Uni 201student by Lynda, The ImmuneSystem only wipeout theunhealthybacteriabut alsothehealthy more andmore resistant tosomeantibiotics. Antibioticsnot bacteriaarecontract aseriousdiseaseas certain becoming is used. Unfortunately, it can leave the door wide open to antibiotic does not do the job then another stronger one one’s gutthatovertakes thehealthybacteria. When one nasty clostridiumdifficile.Cdiffis excessive Ecoliin recurrent bladderinfectionandthenhave todealwith thatkillbacteriaandfungi)tocombat antibiotics (drugs had to deal withtheeffects of unfortunately of overuse Regarding handwashing:Iamoneof"those"who contracting abacterialinfectionorviraldisease. one’s handscorrectly ifoneis tohelpprotect oneselfagainst towash noncommunicable diseasesandwhyitisimportant learned todistinguishbetween communicablediseasesand from developing someseriousdiseases.Andlastly, I mother’s healthy immune system can benefit her newborn diseases. Aswell, ithashelpedmetounderstandhow a hand washingandgettingvaccinations toprevent certain ofproperI hopetoconvinceyou, abouttheimportance was bothinformative andpersuasive asitconvinced me, as The immunesystempresentation by professor Ed Ishiguro Ishiguro. and noncommunicablediseasesastaughtby Professor Ed immune system,andthedifference between communicable washing, immunizationshots,therole ofamother’s healthy of properThis paper willhighlight the importance hand 14 University 101 15 University 101 IgA foundonliningof intestinaltractandbronchial tract as well as saliva Antibodies or immunoglobulins suchasIgM found onmembranesofBcells, problems. intravenous antibiotics or may need additional treatment for respiratory insufficient response bytheimmune system.Theindividualmay require cause disease),Staphylococcal maygainanupperhandwhenthere isan Although antibodiesattackanddismantleharmfulpathogens (germsthat resulting intheseforeign bodiesinabilitytoinvade. spleen, andare distributedintheblood.TheBand Tcellsbindtoantigens that provide immunity asdoBcellswhichare found inthelymphnodes, so there are notasmany T cellstodealwithinfections.As T cellsare thecells According toDr. Ishiguro, thethymusdecreases insize as we getolder and is additionalevidencethatthesegermsare gettingmore difficulttodealwith. (single-celled parasiticorganism)duetocomplicationswithfluidinthelungs hospital from asimplecutwhichdeveloped intoaStaphylococcal infection Regarding bacterial infections: Older friends of mine who ended upin the shaking handswithsomeonewhohascoughedorsneezed intohishand. a vegetable, toconvincemewashthevegetables thoroughly andtoavoid store,someone sneezepickupandthenputdown intoherhandsatagrocery to listenthelatestrecall ofproduce duetoharmfulbacteria foundorsee As well it is notagoodideatocoughorsneeze intoone’s hand.Ionlyhave problems. in thebeginningstagesofillnessassimpleacold,isonewaypreventing going tothewashroom orifyou are spendingtimewithsomeonewhoisillor for 20secondswithsoapafterhandlingfoods,pets,etc.andespecially Proper hygieneisimportant. Washing one'shandsproperly andoften the gutflorabacktoahealthybalanceischallenging. or bought incapsuleorliquidform).Gettinglactobacillus foundinyogurt, many foodsandingestgreat quantitiesofprobiotics (healthybacteriasuchas bacteria. It leaves one’s digestive systeminamess.Iendeduphavingtoavoid tingling, orswelling that there isapossibleallergic reaction. The intestines,mucous,saliva, ortears signaltousintheformofsneezing, proteins antigens(foreign produced inourbodythatgoaftercertain bodies). the body’s attempttodestroy the enemy. IgA andIgE, immunoglobulins are systemwouldnotshutdown anepipensothatmyrespiratory in carrying I developed asevere reaction tobeestingsandkiwiwhichresulted inmy as anenemy. However, asIageditdidandsentoutthearmytoattack. kiwi did not result in an allergic reaction because my body did not see it Regarding allergiesandsensitivities: When Iwasyounger, beestingsor sexually active oughttogetprevent cancerinthefuture. if oneisover 45. TheHPVisashotboth young menandwomenwhoare occurrences inone’s tobeimmunized even familysuggest thatitisimportant cancerand thesetwo mother hadhepatitis and mysisterdiedofcervical ofgetting immunized againstthemtopreventthe importance cancer. My afterI heardimportant Professor Ishiguro speak about these two diseases and Protecting myselfagainstHelio Papillomavirus andhepatitisbecame (HPV) system isnotwhatitusedtobe. information formetowantprotect myselfagainstshinglesasmyimmune Some friendsdeveloped itin their eyes, earsandmouththatwasenough over andcausesalotofpain. can develop manyyears laterafteronehashadchickenpox. It ishard toget inadults)that one from getting acommunicablediseaselikeshingles(virus immunization shotbefore butIamnow. It isquickandeasywillprevent Regarding immunization:Imaynothave beenaproponent ofgettingan helping ourdefensesystemcomeswhenwe getimmunized. invading microorganisms as an army would attack the enemy. Ourin part Phagocytes (whitebloodcellsorleukocytes)canengulfbacteriaother invasion andwatchforforeign matterwhileproviding immunity. and tears,IgE intheallergicresponse, andIgD foundinblood,blocktissue 16 University 101 17 University 101 mosquito which couldpossiblybetransmitted viasexualintercourse. These that affectsafetus,producing deformed babies, virus, by thebiteof example Ebola, flu,hepatitis,Cdifficile,AIDS, and nowthe newest, Zika Regarding communicablediseases andnoncommunicablediseases:For immunity." B. C. in 2014 that decided against immunization. This is known as “herd could detrimentallyaffectapopulation.Thishappened inacommunity individuals whohave notbeenimmunized againstmeasleswhichinturn measles and develops it, he or she could be responsible for infectingother It may seem insignificant but if someone does not get immunized against it by contractingitfrom anotherperson. protected againstahostofdiseasesinlesssevere mannerthanby developing If aninfant receives scheduledimmunizationshots,though,itwouldbe immunized orifheshecontractsadiseaseearlyoninlife. diseasesfromthe disease.Thechildcangainimmunityfrom being certain Another slower system,the acquired immunitysystem,thenremembers yeasts. bacteria, viruses, and IgG. IgM andIgG attack harmfulmicrobes ormicroorganisms suchas canal,thebaby receivesthe birth from themotherimmunoglobulinsIgM have healthy mothers,anamazingdefensesystem.Asthebaby passesdown journey down canalandviamother’s thebirth milk,ifwe are luckyenoughto Regarding a healthy immune system: Mother passes onto the fetus during its well asdrink plentyofwater. body, tostickadietprovided though,andsoItry by theNutritionist as response problem inmy These allergenscauseenoughofaninflammatory response by myimmunesystem. shock where mybreathing couldshutdown duetotheexaggerateddefense allergic reaction) thatwillcausemetosneeze butdoesnotleadtoanaphylactic There are allergens(asubstancethatwouldnotnormallycausean quiteafew are communicable diseases. Whereas, Staphylococcal infection or Clostridium tetani (Tetanus) are bacterial infections and are noncommunicable diseases.

I would not want myself nor anyone else to get any communicable or noncommunicable diseases and so want people to wash their hands (with soap) for 20 seconds, get immunized especially if their birth mothers were not that healthy, cover mouths when sneezing or coughing to assist the immune system against its fight against communicable and noncommunicable diseases.

There was much, much more that Professor Ishiguro presented, but for me, the above information stood out. I am very grateful for his lecture on immunology as I have a much better understanding of disease. I understand how my body respond to an attack by a foreign body and the makeup of the army that defends against such an attack. Finally, I understand why and how to take better care of myself. I hope the above information has been of help to you as well. We can reflect on who we are today and develop deeper values. - danusha HART, Uni 102 Student University 101

18 Kristin Semmens Yet Irecognized myprivilege inbeingabletostudythere. that institution’s exclusivity, andlackof diversity. snobbery universities intheworld(Cambridge). Ihadchafedagainst I wasintrigued.hadjustcome from oneofthemost elite for volunteer instructors! compromised. Andtheprogram coordinator waslooking academic experience,financialandsocial well-being are so muchmore, tostudentswhoseeconomicsituation, like Philosophy, History, First Nations Studies, Film and offered university-level, non-credit coursesonsubjects through UBC called Humanities 101. The program Through acolleague,Ifoundoutaboutprogram offered than Iexpected. this position ended. Writing that book was proving harder had madeinEngland. Ididn’t know what I would do after giving somelectures, butIfeltalittlelost.missedfriends Cambridge. Iwassupposedtobeworking onabookand finishing my PhD in German at the History University of University ofBritish Columbia.Icamedirectly there after In 2003,IhadapositionasPostdoctoral Fellow atthe brought me here. watch. Still minutesto go. afew Ithoughtbacktowhathad Downtown Community Activity Centre. I checked my through my mindasIsatinanemptyroom in Victoria’s they beinterested?” Thesequestionsandothersraced “Would anyone actuallycome? Would theystay? Would InstructorHistory by KristinSemmens, Ten Years ofUniversity 101 20 University 101 21 University 101 Becky Cory. We justneededthemoney, forthingslike bustickets,andmeals, the mostadept, committed,enthusiastic coordinator we couldimaginein of a barrier-free university-level course in the Humanities. We had even found had incredible from communitymembers,whobelieved support in the idea Gender Studies, was there almost from the beginning as well. Critically, we Vibert, were thefirsttojoinourplanningcommittee. AnnaleeLepp, in My Lynne colleaguesintheHistoryDepartment, Marks andElizabeth 101 wasborn! at UBC.She wondered ifUVic asimilarprogram. University mightsupport Ihadtaught intheHUM101programwoman namedAnthea,whoknew created at UVic. Then, in one of life’s coincidences, I was contacted by a about Humanities 101andhow muchIwantedtoseesomethingsimilar preparing to teachmyfirstundergraduate course, Icouldn’t stopthinking Even inthemidstofpreparing forababy, finishingthatdrattedbookand be backin Victoria ourown. with ourfamiliesaswe started fellowship totheUniversity of Victoria. My husbandandIbothwantedto Yup, alifechangingday. Soon Ibegantheprocess ofapplyingtotransfer my involved. Iwashooked.Andthencamehomeandtookapregnancy test. students. We talkedmore aboutthe program andallitoffered toeveryone night Ioffered todrive homeoneoftheteaching assistantsandoneofthe in learningatadeeplevel notalwaysseeninuniversity classrooms. That To askthekindsofquestionsthatIhave mulledover for years. To beengaged quite simply, blown away. By thewillingnessofstudentstoshare theirstories. decade ago)andprintedoutmyhandouts.AndthenIwent toclass.Iwas, Germany. Iwrote mylecture notes,prepared myoverheads (thiswasover a I attended an information session and applied toteachaunitonNazi lecturing, Ihoped. furniture flummox instructions me. But I didknow a thingor twoabout onbuttons,Iwouldn’thusband sews know how tochangeatire andIkea needed todomore, togive back.Idon’t have alotofusefulskills–my Now here Iwasinanotherprivilegedplace,atuniversity. Ifelt result oftheprogram. our courses together. And lives are still changing, including my own, as a are stilltheconstantconcerns aboutfunding.Becky isstilltheglueholding alumni. There’s a lot lesspizza. Much, however, hasstayed the same.There 102, acourseontheSocial Sciences,andUniversity 201for101and102 beginnings. There’s alotmore totheprogram now. We now offer University Ten years later, University 101looksalittledifferent from itshumble students, butforallwhowere involved. that firstevening, University 101begantochangelives. Not onlyforthe constant worriesaboutwhererun theprogram. tofindfunding But from were some stumblesalongtheway, thingswe hadn’t plannedon,andthe class. Iremember roping myown parents intocookingforonesession!There evenlot ofpizza.Our volunteered instructors tomakedinnersforthewhole Our first coursebeganin 2006.Thebudgetwastight.There wasa January change aboutuniversities! to teach“the likesofhim”. Thatwasexactlythemessage we were hopingto man touchedmyarmandsaidhe’d never believed “some PhD” wouldwant somethingnew. abouttrying their nervousness Iwashumbledwhenone previous schoolexperiencesandwhytheyhadcometoday. Theyexpressed come tolearnmore aboutUniversity 101.Theyshared storiesabouttheir So there Iwasinthatemptyroom, lookingatatickingwatch.People did the program? But wouldanyone cometothe informationsessions? Would theyapplyto possible donorwe couldthinkof. Amazingly, thingswere comingtogether. Humanities. Meetings withlocalpizzashopowners. Meetings withany So there were meetings.AlotofMeetings withtheDean of education. allow ustomakegood onapromise ofremoving barrierstopostsecondary andpenschildcare costsandmore.and stationery Anythingthatwould 22 University 101 23 University 101 I am so lucky to have been a part ofthisprogramI amsoluckytohave fortenyears. beenapart comment madeyears agoinaUniversity 101class. in Holocaust Studies here atUVic. canlinkthatfuture Itruly tothatone In fact,ifthingsgoasplanned,Imightonedayteachinagraduateprogram coupled withgreater activismagainstallformsofracismanddiscrimination. toHolocaust commitmentonmypart sparked a further awareness outreach, had I heard thematter so succinctly, eloquently and thoughtfully put. It bestknownthe subject,by thevery andmostrespected historians. Never Germany for manyyears. Iwouldliketothinkhave read afairamounton began, he said, “when the first died." I had been teaching aboutJew Nazi disbelief thatthiswassomethingcouldbedebated.The Holocaust origins oftheHolocaust. When diditbegin?One ofthestudentsexpressed during theSecond World War. One ofthoseissuesrelates tohow to“date” the discuss aboutthewhysandwheres andhows oftheextermination Jews class, I raised a number of questions that historians continue to debate and Several years ago,ItaughtabouttheHolocaust inUniversity 101.In thefirst Maree Carter These emotions are created by listeningtoclassical music, trigger suchemotions asintensity, joyfulness, andsadness. accurately before itwill produce solemn musicthatmay played sowell.an instrument Aviolinneedstobetuned Oh how delightful it istobaskintheglorious sounds of of melodiesplayed supremely. becoming ateacher. How great it istolistenthesounds passion withapotentialgoalinmindforthefuture of ages ofthree tofifteen.Learningtheviolincanbealifelong learning how toplayaviolinissomewhere between the how Theidealagefor tomasterthisdifficultinstrument. how toplayaviolinshouldsetasideplentyoftimelearn rather thanthetuningpegs.Individuals whowishtolearn enhanced andsotheywillneedtuningwiththefinetuners regularly sothatthesoundcomingfrom thestringswillbe violinsneedtobeused Like otherstringedinstruments, violin, andthemanyusesofthisdynamicinstrument. variety of emotions feltfrom listeningtothesoundsof recommended agetolearnhow the toplaytheinstrument, myplaying.This to perfect reflective essaywilldiscussthe is areal challengenottoplaymyviolinbecauseIneeded 201, Ihave beeninspired Ifindthatit towritethisarticle. and because of what I haveinstrument, been learning in Uni my motherandI.Because myviolinissuchamagnificent M Uni 201Student by Maree Carter, TheChallenge Violin turn, myviolinisthere waitingtobeusedby of me in the sweetest of ways. Wherever I thathascontrol y violinisamusicalinstrument 24 University 101 25 University 101 and we canshow theworldhow tobeamore musically creative place. we have. We can show the universe how to improve oneself and one another, encouraging oneanother. Let'sputourtalents intopracticeusingtheabilities Let us convince the world how good byit is to play a musical instrument perfection. instrumental sharp ortooflatandthuscreates themusictosoundhighestdegree of sound equipmentsuchasamixer, whichcorrects notesthatare played too withtheuseofappropriate to practiceasitentailsplayingtheinstrument challenge of playing a violin is a big one. A specific challenge is the dedication played accompanying apianowhileoneormore are performers singing.The Sometimessuch asinatrio,orbeusedsoloinstrument. theviolinis oritmay beplayed withtwoormoreperformance, otherinstruments, fiddler, orbrassbandorchestras. It canbeusedtoaccompanyinanopera Instruments canbeusedinseveral ways.Theviolincanbeplayed inclassical, played with zest. areplayed on afiddle,theirhearts warmed by thejoyful richsoundsthatare people likethefeelingofbeinghappy. When peoplelistentocelticmelodies to aviolinplayedheldontheSabbath well inachurchday. service Most spirits to ahigherplainofthought, such asthefeelingsgainedwhenlistening are played well, are sensationsthat are uplifting and that heighten people’s hymns, andfuneraltunes.Other sensationsthatare affectedwheninstruments Oh how delightful itisto baskintheglorious sounds ofaninstrument played sowell. Audrey Yap wonderful academicsIknowwonderful whoare fullycommittedto and exclusion through academia.Despite running themany aware thatthere'sclasses, itmakesmevery astrainofelitism have beendrownedwould certainly first year of inmyvery that needtobedone.But bunnywho asaformerstruggling saving thesestudents,whenthere's somanyotherthings the reasoning was that universities shouldn't waste resources should be drowned. It's pretty terrible, I know. I suppose studentstobunniesthat criticized forcomparingstruggling Recently, the president of aUS university was (rightfully) that, whetheracademiaisreally someplacewhere I belong. professional lifewonderinghow Igothere. Andmore than a typicalacademiccareer path,andI've spentalotofmy myself asanaccidentalacademic,even thoughIfollowed philosophy attheUniversity of Victoria. I've oftenseen a wholelotmore luck),andIfindmyselfhere, teaching Fast through forward alotoffranticpaper-writing(and graduate school-Igotin,sowhynot? life, philosophyseemsasgoodamajoranyother. Then After all,ifyou don'tknow whatyou're doingwithyour great teachers and no concrete plans for future careers. exactly, Imajored inphilosophy, except thatIhadsome high schoolwithascholarship. AndIdon'teven know why, I went to university because I was lucky enough to graduate I didn'tbecomeaphilosophyprofessor onpurpose. Philosophy Instructor Audrey Yap,by Accidental Philosphy Professor 26 University 101 27 University 101 precisely how we learnaboutthesocialworld we live inisby interacting with and challenges,have experienced different aspectsofoursociety. But fairly different backgrounds than I do. They've had different opportunities new, insight.Thestudentsinclassgenerallycomefrom orgainsomenew in Uni years, 101forquiteafew andI've never failed tolearnsomething there, because of how much I learnfrom them. But – I've it'staught true ofclassandtellthemhowintroduce myselfatthestart thrilledIamtobe Sometimes IsuspectthestudentsthinkI'mjustflatteringthemwhen I absolutely notone-way. in education, and better yet –benefit from it.The learningin Uni101 is 101 classroom isaplacewhere Icanactonmycommitment toinclusion inprograms suchas this one.The likeparticipating opportunities, Uni I feelasthoughbelonginacademia;I'mhere now, andIhave amazing me aboutinteresting things.It reminds methatitdoesn'tmatterwhether that letsmeturnupinaroom fullofengagedpeoplewhowanttotalk environment. It reminds mehow incredibly privilegedIamtohave a job week embody what I love the most about getting to work in the university the snacks). It's because the conversations I have with students during that complete withsnacks(thoughtheatmosphere iswelcoming, and Ialwayslike reasons formetolove theprogram. It's notjustthewelcoming atmosphere, is exactlywhattheuniversity asawholeneedstoadopt.There's lotsof commitment of this program to inclusion and accessibility in education Perhaps falltoteachinUni that'swhyit'ssuchatreat every 101.The to go. making theirclassesinclusive andaccessible,universities stillhave alongway I've taught inUni101forI've quite afew years, andI've never failedto somethingnew, learn orgain some new insight. as race-blindorgender-blind to overestimating ourown abilities. It leadstopeopledeclaringthemselves Believing ourselves tobebias-free (oreven capableofbeingbias-free) leads our experienceforgranted–believingthatotherswillthinkaswe do. positive and negative. It's onlynatural,then,thatwe takemanyaspects of worse. We're allshapedby theexperienceswe've hadthroughout ourlives, We're allshapedby theenvironment inwhichwe were raised,forbetteror to conveyinmyclassesisthat,someextent,biasinevitable. toeveryone condensed version ofalotthesediscussions.AunifyingthemethatItry I talkabout the philosophy of science. What the Uni 101 studentsget is a in feministphilosophyclasses,andaboutothergeneralsocialbiaseswhen cognitive biases inmycriticalthinking classes, aboutgenderandracebiases in Uni 101.ThismeansIspendalotoftimetalkingaboutbias.talk philosophy. IteachtheseinthePhilosophy atUVic Department aswell as The subjectsIprincipallyteachare criticalthinking,logic,andfeminist I teachonadailybasis. individuals whoinhabitdifferent ofit. ofthecontent parts In fact,that'spart could bestrengthened. andrepairand interesting fallaciousargumentsto seehow taskistotry they in arguments,whichare common reasoning mistakes.But amore difficult focus onwaysinwhichothers' argumentsgowrong. We canidentifyfallacies regardless. trying, disagreement, It worth butiscertainly isofteneasyto move This can beextremely nevertheless. forward difficultinsituationsof to our biases,butisawayofacknowledging theirexistence,andtrying significant differences. Theempathythat wediscussisn'tawayofeliminating concept ofempathy, tounderstandothers,even across andtheideaoftrying Frequently, inmyUni 101classesaboutbias,thediscussionwillturnto inourminds. them further biases, butdenyingthatwe toentrench have themcansometimesonlyserve gendered characteristics. We totreat peoplewell inspiteofour mighttry though anyone growing upinoursocietyhadnoperception ofracialor - thinking they've achieved alackofbias -a s 28 University 101 29 University 101 of uswhothinkforaliving can alwaysusethepractice. more. Not because I needmore evidence, but becauseeven (especially!) those of Uni 101evidenceclearlydemonstratingthistome,I'mhopingforplenty life, andcandevelop theirintellectualskills.Having hadseveral years' worth means understandingthatanyone whowantsitiscapableofarich intellectual education isjustforaselectfew. Making university educationaccessible the manymisconceptionsI'dlove thatuniversity todismantle,istheview And that“accessible” doesn'tjustmean“available." It meansthat,among 101, ithappilyconfirmsmyfirmbeliefinaccessible university education. So maybeit'smyown timeIteachinUni biasestalkinghere, butevery themselves orinsomeoneelse. two peoplewillimmediatelyrecognize acaseinwhichtheyhad noticeditin All Ihave todoisdescribewhatatypeofbiasconsistsof, andatleastoneor timeIteachaUniout almostevery 101classaboutdifferent kindsofbiases. terminology todescribewhatitwasthattheywere doing.In fact,thiscomes oftheirlives. Theymightjustnothavethese skillsforlargeportions hadthe surprises them, though it shouldn't, is that some of them have been using ofothers. understanding theargumentsandviews What occasionally things I teachmystudentsaremost important theskillsofreading and all ofthesethingsare skills.Speaking formyself, andmyown classes,the But here's onethingthatthestrainofelitisminacademiasometimesforgets: plausible? It's notalwayseasytotell. and takinginevidencedotheyhave toaccept,inorder tomaketheirviews have tohave asbackground knowledge, andwhat goodwaysofreasoning that thepeoplewe disagree withhave arrived attheirposition–whatdothey disagreements mightariseinthefirstplace. We canaskourselves how itis as anintellectualskill,suggeststhatwe shouldalsoconsiderhow these Similarly, itiseasytofocusonourdisagreements withothers.But empathy, Glenda-Lee Pickit I Uni 201Student by Glenda-Lee Pickit, She Will Never Again Be The Same despair. Theinstantshe’d thought that,shecameback into couldn't leave herfriendslikethat,in astateofshockand minutes with nopositive result. Theysaid, “She’s dead." She watched themtaketurnsgiving CPRformore thanfive They’d screamed forsomeonetocallanambulance. She’d Her friendshadfoundherlifelessbody, nopulse,breath. illuminating light-afterthedarkness, thenothingness. travel by thought.It andlove, wasaplaceofcomfort with entered adifferent time,adifferent space,aplacewhere you she'd hadanexperienceparamounttoanyother. She'd she never For would've madeitpastfourteen. thatiswhen never couldhave imagined.If itweren't forhertwofriends, Life hadsomanychallengesgrowing up, someofwhichshe stories totellandeven more astheyears went by. her. wildandsomeshocking Thatgirlhadmanycolourful, with wildlifeandnature, whichiswhere you’d usuallyfind living lifetothefullest.She hadmanyadventures, mostly different outlookonlife-feltshewastopoftheworldand She wasquiteadreamer, hadherheadtotheclouds,a when she'dbethere, shewould. shejustknew normal as the wind blowing. She'd never thought of how or so young would envisionbeinginuniversity, asifitwere as town, closetowhere thePolar Bears roam, thatthechild of sixchildren. It wasinthatisolated,cold,northern Mother andGerman Father, whowasthesixthchild n thedeadofwinterthere wasachildborn, of aNative 30 University 101 31 University 101 with the volunteers that she met. They'd walked with her to the class, pointing 101' onthem, waitingatthebusloop. She feltwelcomed andcomfortable She wasquicklyrelieved whenshe'dseenpeopleholding upsignswith'Uni anxiety setin.She wascomingcloserand toherdream. and awee bitanxious,sherealized how bigthecampusreally was.More Approaching theuniversity, orUVic asit'scommonly called,excited, happy ahead -itwastimetobeginlivingherchildhooddream! program. new Shewonderful wasecstaticandready, nomatterwhatlay course, heldattheUniversity of Victoria. She was acceptedintothat herself inuniversity. Thistimeherfocuswasonthe Uni 101 Humanities She becameaGrandmother andagain,beganthinkingofenvisioning on. striving tobethebestMother shecouldbe,alonebutbrave shecontinued and challengearose, changingherfuture plans.Learningtowalk againand her daughter-treasure andluxuries.Plans were -withcomforts made once again,goingtouniversity; thenworking withanimalsandsupporting She'd goneontobecomeasingleMother, then beganenvisioningherself, behind. into mere existence,bumpingalongthepathoflife,leavingherwritingsfar was thelossofherfirstlove -heronlylove bringingher herheart, -crushed stories andpoetry. Thenmore obstaclesandtragedyarose. Theworstofit As timepassedby, shebecamedeterminedtobeanauthor, sobeganwriting forever thankfultothosewho'dsaved herlife. no sound,movement. It wasatimeshewouldnever forgetandwouldbe front ofthem.Theireyes were widelikesaucers,theirmouthsgapingopen, her body, withthedeepest,longestbreath she’d ever taken,thenstoodin She was coming closerand closerto herdream. be published. that herfirstwriting,knowing apoem, would soon Feeling excitement, confidence andhappinessin microphone - thewholeshebang. The night ofthespokenword event wasa She wasinvitedtoaspokenword event at apublicvenue, onastagewith Something followed, elsewonderful anexperience she'dnever hadbefore. knowing thatherfirstwriting,apoem,would soon bepublished. pages, into works of poetry. Feeling excitement, confidence andhappinessin waysofwriting.Soonnew herwords begantoflow, spillingoutontothe waysofthinkingand drawings andphotos,whichhelpedheropenuptonew The optionalassignmentshadachoiceofmedia,suchasessays,stories,poems, to receive. ever soslowly -nopressure, justgrowth inthefeedback inwhichshe’d chose writing begantoemerge,likethedelicatebudofabrightred rose, blooming challenge, pushinghergently, likeaseedsprouting Her from theearth. 101 Humanities course. The optionalassignments were a great andwonderful Since heryouth, shehadn’t takenwritingseriously, untilshebegantheUni lives aswell. into thelives offamily, friendsandotherswhowere nearandchangingtheir her, foritrippledoutintoherlife,likeasmoothrolling wave, gentlyrolling and concept mapping that had a tremendous life revolutionary change for Socrates, andofsomuchmore. It wasre-learning the criticalthinkingskills It wasthere thatshelearnedofHumanities, thebeginningofDemocracy, of before. It world-buttruly, wasasifshe'dstepped into awholenew shehad. She anease,yet excitement feltacomfort, and happiness, likeshe’d never felt studentsandvolunteershe metsomeoftheothernew facilitators. out thebuildingsandplacesofinterest alongtheway. Over coffeeandsnacks, 32 University 101 33 University 101 would beholdingintheirhands attheCompletionCelebration. writings in print, in Uni 101’s Divergent/Convergence Journal, which they who’d submittedwritingsalsoshared theirexcitement tosoonbe seeingtheir of how herdream tobeapublishedauthorwas closerthanever. Thestudents of how theprogram hasencouragedherpassionforwritingtoblossomand happiness wasexpressed by all.Personally, she’d shared alittleofherhopes, course. It andjovial, washeartwarming atimewhenappreciation and There wasabigsharingcircle forthelastclassof Uni 101 Humanities friendships andacquaintances. it was for her to meet so many nice, cool and funny people, forming new sky. Thethree monthcoursewassooncomingtoaclose. How wonderful Attending theUni 101Humanities courseseemedtofly by, likeajetinthe her, ignitingalight,shiningsobrightly, feelingasifastarwasborn. timing, theywalkedoff,handinhand.Thatnightsparked somethingwithin grandson wasslowly walkinguptothestage,holdinghishandout.In perfect As shebegantowalkawayfrom themicrophone, shenoticedthather encouraging feedback. at easeinreading hernextpoem. What followed waswondrous applauseand there was generous andalittlemore applause. That made herfeel supported her inspirationswere sittingintheaudience.Afterreading herfirstpoem herself. She told the crowd of how her poems came to life and that two of goodness!’ She letoutabigsmile,quicklygreeted and introduced everyone was, ‘Oh look!Allthosepeoplehave theirclotheson-allofthem.Thank She wasupnext.Thefirstthingshethoughtwhenstoodatthemicrophone go over herintroduction andpoems. were speakersaheadofher, afew which provided andtimeto somecomfort venue wasstandingroom only, There thisofcoursemadeherquitenervous. two treasures withher - herdaughter and grandson. To hersurprise, the chapterinherlife.Thatnightshehadbrought ofthisnew momentous part that wouldbethebeginning ofanothergrandchapterherlife. with hope and wonder, knowing she would do it again, in Uni 102. It seemed She lefttheuniversity elatedandpleasedwithheraccomplishments, filled time andagain. poem in abook.It was surreal, thrilling - an experience she hoped to re-live time she’d seen any of her writings in print. She was overwhelmed to see her each students'writingspublishedinit.She read herpoem.Thatwasthefirst through togetit.Thenshetookoutthe Divergent/Convergent Journal, with out her Completion Certificate, revelled in it,knowing how much she’d gone Before leaving theuniversity, she’d openedherlarge whiteenvelope andtook the Uni 101Humanities courseandbegintheholiday season. she’d hadagreat workout. It wasanexciting, waytoend funandwonderful ceremony herhandswere happilythrobbing, whileherarmsfeltasthough applauded, alongwiththeothers,throughout theevening -by theendof would dosointurn,beamingbrightly, itornot.She’d whethertheyknew Convergent Journal. Theneachstudentwhochosetospeakatthepodium witha white envelope, containingaCompletionCertificate Divergent/ taken, shakinghandswiththeDean ofHumanities, whilereceiving alarge walk nervously, excitedly uptothefront oftheroom andhave aphotograph who spoke. Soon each student would have their name called, they would greeted hadawarm,inspiringaddress, everyone, asdidtheDeans andall she could,untiltheceremony commenced.The Emcee stood at thepodium, where theSenate Chamberswas.Over foodandcoffee,shemingledasbest When shewalkedintothebuilding,waswarmlygreeted andshown was totheSenate Chambers. excited atthesame time, becoming more and nervous anxioustheclosershe as shecouldbe,thenheadedfortheUniversity of Victoria. She washappy, with thoseattendingtheUni 101CompletionCelebration. She feltasready She prepared aspeechandchosetwopoemsinanticipationofsharingthem 34 University 101 35 University 101 Anniversary ofUniAnniversary 101. Wishing you andallmanyblessings anda Very Happy andSpecial 10th communityofUniand wonderful 101. Please join us one day - someway, somehow. I hope to meet you in the warm offer. thingsthisprogramconvergence, hasto amongsomanyotherwonderful hope, belonging,learning,opportunity, growth, inspiration,divergence and kept alive alltheseyears inUni 101wasandstillis:respect, acceptance, In andmymindIbelieve thatwhathascometolifeandbeen myheart the sponsorsandofcourse,last,butnotleast,students. guestspeakers, teachingassistants,studentliaisons,volunteers, instructors, the Dean ofHumanities, theDean ofSocial Sciences,staff,professors, life andhave keptitalive -toBecky Cory, theDean ofContinuingStudies, ten years later. Many thankstoallwhohave brought theUni 101program to this program happen,from dayone,whileitwasintheworks, tothisday, forever be grateful for this amazing program, to all who have helped to make inthisfantasticprogram, whohasever Unieveryone takenpart 101.Iwill I sit here with tears streaming down my face, for the deep appreciation of the sameagain. this program and because of it, I know and am thankful that I willnever be acceptance there isintheUni 101community. There surely isnothinglike I have had inUni 101.Inever wouldhave imaginedthewarm,respectful, never inspiringexperiencesthat couldhaveI truly imaginedthewonderful, directly from here on. isme.On thisnote,Iwilladdress youand inthiscase,thepersonstory couldhave beenaboutanyone. TheseThis story weretrue lifeexperiences ••• Larry the Leapin' Lemur by Glenda-Lee Pickit

Larry the leaping Lemur, Lives in an ol’ blue Bimmer. He shaves his head, Every night before bed, Then howls at the moon, Like a crazed ol’ loon. Some say he’s a bit eccentric, ‘Cause of how he gets a kick. He likes to cause a ruckus, With anyone among us, Meandering along our way, From downtown to the bay, Passing by that Tulip Tree, Where we all know he will be - Larry the leaping Lemur, Who lives in an ol’ blue Bimmer, Tucked under the Tulip Tree, Where he waits for you and me... He’ll beg, steal and sometimes borrow, Nothing wastes With no rhyme, reason or moral. Take note of what you tote, And if you have... he’ll take your goat, more energy Just beware - do not stare, Or he will take that as a dare, than worrying Then he’ll take as much, Of your hats and such - - Bonnie Frederick, Uni 201 Student There’s a lot up his sleeve, And I do believe, That if we did not pass his way, I think Larry the leaping Lemur, University 101 Who lives in an ol’ blue Bimmer, Would have a very boring day. 36 Vanessa Stetten I Uni 102Student by VanessaStetten, HasNoKindness Price Tag an isolated desert areaan isolateddesert attendedby over 50,000peopleeach 2011. During theweek-long festival, acampingevent heldin attending theBurning Man festival inNevada art from 2009- experiences immersedina currency-free community while IreflectedWhile contemplatingthisarticle, onmy profound economicsystem. hungry negatively shape our culture into a dangerous, selfish,money- culture, beliefsaround profit and value attainmentcan mehowdeeply struck inafierce profit-motivated andcapitalist man’s This experimentoutcome goodfortune. monetary more moneythanreceiving, andsincere joy fortheirfellow displayed anoutlookofhonestsharing,freely givingaway attitude towards sharingthanNorth Americans.Theyinfact vastly different and much less greedy and punishment-oriented test conductedinNorth America,theMachiguenga showed a The results were unexpected,inthatcompared tothesame was testingtheirattitudesforfairnesswhensharingmoney. Machiguenga, anindigenouspeoplefrom Peru. Heinrich by anthropologist Joe Heinrich, withmembersofthe a behavioralexperimentthatwasconductedin1995 In “Weird thearticle Mind”, Ethan Waters explainsabout creating more peace,fairness,andharmonyonasocietallevel. promote the spiritofgivingwithoutexpectationreceiving, would alterpeople’s psychological relationship tomoney, and less aggressive andprofit-motivated economicsystem values can create amore harmoniousculture. Ibelieve a n thisessay, Iwilldiscusshow onmoney analternateview 38 University 101 39 University 101 rich andpoor, bothlocallyand nationtonation. it wouldgreatly reduce stress, crime, andpossiblyeven bridgethegapbetween example couldbeincorporated intoourmainstream economicculture. Ibelieve I am hoping that the positive money value attitudes and gifting aspects of this experience." (burningman.org) participatory our culture from suchexploitation. We resist the substitutionofconsumptionfor commercial sponsorships,transactions,oradvertising. We standready toprotect our communityseekstocreate socialenvironments thatare unmediatedby illustrates thisgiftingculturalattitude:“In order thespiritofgifting, topreserve The 10 Principles of Burning Man andthe Decommodification Principle and generallywere muchhappierandlessstressed. honest environment. People wantedtohelpeachothermore, andshare freely, profit-orientated communitywasexponentiallyamore peaceful, helpfuland in thecyclefestival setting,aless ofgifting.Ifeltthateven inthistemporary a profound feelingofwantingtohelpothersyourself, thereby fully participating gesture ofhelporkindnessisinitselfwasenough.Thisgivingeconomyfosters of money;Inever hadtocounthow muchIhadleft.Just acceptinganitemor given, especially from strangers.It wasgreat moneyorforms relief not to carry really ‘free’, is“thank worrying you” enough,how canIpayback whatwasfreely still thinking,whatdoIpay, how canIgive backsomethingequally, thiscan’t be I wasshockedatfirsthow and foreign uncomfortable thisfelt.Iwasconstantly do so. people bringmore toshare withothersandsetupcreative stationsandkiosksto that you need intothefestival, includingallyour food,water, andsupplies,many the expectationsofequalreturn orprofit. While you are encouragedtobringall giving andloving community, basedonhelpingandsharingwithothers without other individualattendeesmaysellanything. What thiscreates isaremarkable permitted. The no Burning runs acoffeecampandicestations, but Man festival summer, is novendors, commercial logos,orthesellingofanygoodsservices People wanted to helpeachother more andshare freely Wendy Anthony and understanding theworldindifferent ways; I learnedtomapconcepts, makingmultipleconnections, interesting, creative andinformative; I learnedtopresent information inavariety ofways, my personalworldviews; I learnedtoexplore ideas,challengingandconfirming new and waysofdoingthings; I learned to be more open-minded, hearing other viewpoints zone; out ofmycomfort engagingindiscussions,stepping I learnedtoparticipate, voice myown opinions; I learnedtospeakoutandaskquestions,feelingsafe others; I learnedtointeract,communicatingmore effectively with works more efficiently! I learnedtofeedmybrain,recognizing thatawell-fed brain commitments andenergylevels; I learnedtopacemyself, beingmore realistic aboutmytime creative &criticalthinkingskills; I learnedtodiscover how Ilearn,beginningtodevelop my pathways tomymemory; I learnedtousemybrainagain,testing&learningnew Uni 201Student by WendyAnthony, Things ILearned inUni101 40 University 101 41 University 101 Imagine whatanadventure thatwillbe! something new, day... eachandevery I learned,mostofall,thatamcurious,andliketolearn,learning and insightsgainedfrom myown life'sexperiences; and I learnedtobeconfident,trust respect myself, validating knowledge of learning; I learnedtopersistbeyond difficultiesandbarriers,discovering the realgems But withall good andbad. attached, both consequences there are choices, - Lynn-Eve Freeman, Uni102Student 43 University 101

S Political ScienceInstructor by Reeta C. Tremblay, onUni101 Reflections Some worthwhile ofmyacademiccareer.worthwhile Ijoinedanarmy of volunteer led orare still leadingcomplicatedlives, have beenamongthemost hours spent with the students inthose classes, students who have I wastogetinvolved inteachingUni 102andUni 201.And those and promote communitywellbeing. its holisticapproach, lifelonglearning theprogram aimstosupport to exchange ideasandthepower skills.Andthrough tolearnnew human potential.Students learncriticalskills,acquire thepower cultural lifeoftheircommunities.Uni 101aimstounlockthe intheeconomic,social,politicaland meaningfully participate are stillexcluded from theeducational systemandhencecannot It isindeedextremely thatalargenumberofadults unfortunate profession worthy. the vocation ofteachingandwhatitwasthatmakesthe immediately reinforced inmymindthesenseofwhyIhadchosen conviction thattheywere ofacaringcommunity-allthis part possibilities forthem;abouttheircouragelearning;and transformative experiences-how thisprogram hadopenedup listening tothetestimonialsofstudentsandtheirdescriptions and congratulationstothegraduatesofUni 101class.Just as the VP Academic andProvost words tosayfew ofwelcome 101 enterpriseduringspring2011inmythenceremonial capacity a university isandwhatitstandsfor. Iwasintroduced totheUni what Uni andessenceofwhat 101doeshastodowiththeheart

in my opinion, is only superficially true: in a deeper sense, inadeepersense, in myopinion,isonlysuperficiallytrue: exception amongacademicendeavours butthat, totherule ome mightsaythatwhatUni 101doesisararityandan

y Trembla Reeta that encourages to everyone beexcited aboutlearning. The success oftheprogram liesinthe creation ofaspace initially intimidated, oncestudentscametorealize that mylectures were notlectures, marginalized communities; India andcolonialism; religion andculture. Although you could imagine about the meaning of democracy; Canadian polity; gender and India’s cultural andsocialpolitics. We hadsomeofthe mostintensediscussions around thethemeofDemocracy andChange.I also introduced thestudentsto manner todevelop empowering perspectives andinsights.My own lectures revolved world andwe are in an experiencethatisenablingpeopleinacreative participating as acommunityoflearners,are generatingashared interest inunderstandingthe in a fully interactive, intenselyreciprocal knowledge. process ofconstructing We, withtheapproach thatinthisnon-traditionalclassroom,comfortable Iwasinvolved experiences atfirstseemedadauntingtaskuntilIdiscovered andcame tofeel Standing in front of the classroom of Uni 102 students with their diverse life excited about learning. It enriches all of our lives as well asthewider academic culture. success of the program lies in the creation of to a be space that encourages everyone for learningwhoare finallyathomeinaspacedesignedtoexercise thatpassion.The Indeed, Uni 101studentsare notstrangersinastrangelandbutlearnerswithpassion and shared knowledge whichisframedingoodmeasure by thelearnersthemselves. be reduced to a mere commodity. It is, among other things, a shared experience knowledge. Higher education,essentialasitmay beinthemarket place,mustnot individuals butratherasasynergiccommunitythatgeneratesanddisseminates What oneappreciates inthese moments is thatitnot as acollectionofatomized to otherswhowere enoughtotakeadvantage ofaformaleducation. notfortunate this program to be keptopen so thatthey might continue toprovide theopportunity constraints,forthedoorsof possible, atatimewhenuniversities are facingbudgetary beyond the traditionalclassroom. Theirdedicationandenthusiasmhave madeit in theircauseforsocialjustice-asenseofcommunityandresponsibility forothers coordinator oftheprogram. Ifoundmyselfsurrounded by thisteamwhobelieved faculty members,graduatestudentvolunteers andanenergeticdedicated 44 University 101 45 University 101 society. have beguntheprocess offulfillingtheir potentialasthinkingcitizens inademocratic be moved aswe alwaysare, ofalearningcommunity, thatasapart theybelieve they functioning intheso-callednormal activitieswithinasociety. Andyou willhear, and detached from societal functions and relations, effectively preventing them from them toreverse theprocess ofsocialrupture, inwhichindividuals,like them, become words, you willhearhow feelthatUni theparticipants 101communityhasenabled cycle of it societal in marginalization. these Although precise they might not articulate you willfind, year after year, thatthestudentsspeakof resilience andbreaking the give individualsandgroups fairtreatment andanequitableshare ofitsbenefits. And mattered. Theyspokeofhope,optimismandenthusiasmforasocietythatisableto another inacaring community. They were now offamily where a part eachindividual memostwasthat,withoutexception,struck theyallspokeaboutlearningfrom one testimonialsorjustspeakingoff-the-cuff. bytheir views writingpoems,short What the completion ceremony at the end of each term to know this. Students present Does Uni 101makeadifference inthelives ofthelearners? One hastojustattend not beanythingbutexciting andthrillingforme!! as muchtheywere from me. What wasbeing created inthiscollective enterprisecould oftheUnithe worldviews 102students.Iwaslearning from theUni 101community methodologicalandscholarlybiases)forunderstandingtheworldwith by disciplinary came from a conscious attempt to link my own personal frame of reference (bound left meenrichedandwith,Ithink,adeeperunderstandingofthesubject.Andthat confidence inthemselves andinexploringtheirpotentialforsuccess.Thatcertainly they were able,inthisprocess, totakesmallbutincremental stepsingenerating the studentswere playingsuchanactive role inthequestformeaningandknowledge, be satisfied with what is found. What was to give methemost satisfaction was that would always keep on interpreting, redefining interrupting, the status quo, and never vividly shared ofanever-ending questandthatwe understandingthatthiswaspart We were inactive learning,insearching allparticipating formeaning,butwiththe for thatclass. all ofuswastobecomethemodusoperandiinlearningabouttopicIhadselected most ofthemwouldjumpdirectly intoaskingquestions.Andtheexchange between Gerry Thompson Constant buzzing. brownCrackled dry earth Sizzling sun, Bright eyes. A flashofbrown, So still, Cold patience. Life awaitingbeneathsnow. Hillside deepsolitude Learning HaikuThompson by Gerry Fish kissingthemoon. Drifting onaquietlake… Spring mountains: Without anynecks. Sparrows sittingtogether A bittermorning: Example ofaHaiku by J. W. Hacket Season 3)Nature one breath. Haikus shouldexpress: 1)Emotions 2)the seven-five syllablesinthree linesandshouldbespokenin The haiku isapoemthat brief. It generally contains five- Uni 102Student by Gerry Thompson, Learning Haiku ••• 46 University 101 47 University 101 Congrats! Things have changedalotinten years! she toldusaboutthedisappeared ofMexico. I remember theMexican speakerwhoemotionallysaid“oh mygod” while I remember thatInever wantedtoend. aclassonfamousartists quiet young manbecomeaconfidentleader. I remember potsofspaghettiandfresh forsupper. fruit Iremember seeinga government officebuilding. Itwasoh-so-closeto Rogers'Chocolates!! I remember nightsindowntown Victoria where outinanempty we started Years ago,IattendedUni worker forastudentintheclass. 101asasupport pullstogetherwithonevision. when everyone Thank you allformaking Uni 101ashiningexampleofwhatcan bedone by Gerry Thompson Example A Shining Elizabeth Brimacombe I InstructorPsychology by Elizabeth Brimacombe, Never Forget risk of memory 'contamination.' risk of memory Talking to a friend about of things we have seen or experienced, there is always the tomaintainafullandcompleterecollection we mighttry those memories.Our memoriesare malleable. However hard witnesses’distort memoriesandtheconfidence theyholdin eyewitness memory, Iinvestigate how socialinfluencecan Bringing thissocialpsychology focustothesubjectof other peopleexert onourbeliefsandhow we behave. subjective experience,personalinterpretation, theinfluence My trainingisinsocialpsychology. Iexplore therealm of with holesandincorrect details. into whethertheirmemoriesare fullandcompleteorfilled to understandwhathappenswhenwitnesseshave noinsight that witnessesmakeinremembering crimedetails.AndItry remembering. Istudyeyewitnessmemory. Ilookaterrors is filledwithtimespentinvestigating thecomplexitiesof As aresearch psychologist whostudiesmemory, mylife things thatseemtofalloutofmyawareness. I’m andthe intriguedatthethingsthatstickin my memory password forawebsite orthePIN I’ve setformybankcard. the pedals.AndI’m aggravated whenIcan’t bringtominda grips, my mom’s smile as she stood watching me step onto of thespringair, handlebar thesquishyfeelingofrubber with detailslikewhatIwaswearing thatday, thesensation my first bicycle, many years ago. is filled The memory fascinated thatIcanpulltomindavividrecollection of anenthrallingsubject.I’mfind humanmemory 48 University 101 49 University 101 that begins,“Here’s whatIremember..." of any statement and complexity beneath the can surface be great mystery through life,gatheringexperiencesand creating ourpersonalmemories.There ofmyUnithe heart 102teachingisthebigthemeofhow eachofusmoves on eyewitnesserror asafocalpoint for learninginmyclasses,whatliesat world through ouruniquelensofpersonalexperience.Although Izero in the inevitabilityofbiasinourperceptions andrecollections aswe allseethe in myUni 102teachinghasbeenthecomplexityofhumanthinkingand our lives, andtheerrors thateyewitnessesmake.Theanchoringideafor me tofully,challenges we allfaceintrying completely remember experiencesin In theUni 102classroom, I’ve talkedabouttheprocess ofremembering, the witnesses’ memoriesastheyshare theirstoriesaboutwhattheysaw. who were togetheratacrimescenecancauseshiftstothecontents ofthe influences. Aconversation betweento withstanddistorting twowitnesses stirring nosuspicionwithinus.Eyewitness hasnospecialpower memory an editorcrept intoourmind’s manuscriptandsecretly madechangeswhile realizing thechangesthathave happenedtoouroriginalrecollection. It islike them from ourfriend).Incredibly, wewithoutever cangrow memory anew detailswenew never actuallysawornoticedatthetime(we onlyheard about fortheexperience,onethatisfilledwith might developmemory awholenew the friendhadmentioned.Asconversation withthatfriendcontinues,we forus…onethatincludesdetail unconsciously weaves memory anew might mentionadetailwe hadn’t noticedandourmindsmoothly, swiftly, a shared experiencecancauseustoshiftinourremembering. Thefriend memory andthethingsthat seemto falloutof memory I’m intriguedat thethingsthat stickinmy my awareness. conversations. for different people. There’s thespark for great circumstance; different thingsmight standout We allhave ouruniquespinonhow we seeany W by Elizabeth Brimacombe Self within thephysical spaceoftheclassroom, there isapsychological space of were incredibly keen tovoice theirthoughts.So I listened.discovered that classroom. Ihadnoideawasjoining acommunityofactive learnerswho no room to expand the content and let it grow to build a conversation in the tight seams. Ihadallowedthat myteachingplanshad beenbuilt with very terrainforme.Icould see tell meabouttheirlifeexperiences. Thiswasnew these Uni 102studentswhospokeup, metoaskquestionsand interrupting me theirpolitequietattention(orsoitappeared), Iwascaughtoffguard by Having taughtformanyyears toclassrooms filledwith young peoplegiving air. Thestudents were keentotalk.Iwaspleasantlysurprised. with ablizzard ofquestions.There wasthisbeautifulbuzzofcuriosityinthe 102 classroom. My teachingplansquicklyfellby thewaysideasI washit filled withfresh-fallen snow. I recall myfirstexperiencesteppingintoa Uni classroom butIfeelthebracingexhilarationofawintermorning comfortable My Uni 102worldisaninvigoratingplaceoflearningwhere Ienterawarm, soft snow beneathmyfeet.But there wasalsoalovely senseofmystery. a senseoffresh beginning.There wasfamiliarityinthesenseofcrispairand morning whensnow hadfallenduringthenight,Iwouldhave Ontario.of my childhood in northern Hurrying outside on a hen IteachinUni 102Iremember thejoy ofsunnysnowy days 50 University 101 51 University 101 of fresh-fallen snow. myself remembering childhood days spent happily careening through fields oil my mental hinges to let myperspective on lifeexpand. And always,I find Through this group Ihave met somebeautiful,boldthinkerswhohave helped for thedynamicspaceoflearningI’ve andfeltinUni observed 102. different people.There’s thespark for great conversations. There’s thespark spin onhow we seeanycircumstance; different thingsmightstandoutfor faces oravase, oranoldayoung faceinanimage. We allhave ourunique opticalillusionswheresituation ofviewing peoplecanperceive eithertwo I know itwillbeactively received by themindspresent. It oflikea issort this intentlyinUni 102. Whatever contentIbringtotheUni 102classroom, oftheworld.Ifeel our personalgoals,ideas,andquestionsshapeview As asocialpsychologist Iamsteepedinawareness andappreciation ofhow flexible path. connection andidea-sharing. I gradually learned toletthelearningtakea Desi Sloan Sunset atSunset Essaouira, photo credit MarkFischer Dancing waves thathave nocares Sea breeze gullsthatfilltheair As shesaystodayisdone Sitting here towatchthesun That fillthesky reflecton ground Astral coloursallaround Dancing waves thatgive asigh Stars likediamondslightthesky Dancing waves thathave nocares Sea breeze gullsthatfilltheair As shesaysthisdayisdone Sitting here towatchthesun Student Liaison by Desi Sloan, Reflections Sky 52 University 101 53 University 101 Sunset atSunset thePort, photo credit: AG Gilmore “The greatest revolution“The to engageinistheone “Better to fail trying, notfailingto“Better to try." failtrying, that happensinsideyour brain." danusha HART O Uni 102Student by danushaHART, Journey Our Through Life to theoceans. Our purpose isalsotobeachannel, bringing feeds it.Theriver’s fresh waterandnutrients taskistocarry make anindividualpaththat poursintothemainriver and society. Theriver stream alsohastoleave themountain to to our community but now, in a waythat helps tonurture material world, we become experienced enough to return patterns ofourown. Once we learnhow tonavigatethe mingle with the generalmainstream inourculture tocreate familial patternsandsocietalpressures andwe have to years later, short A few we have tobreak awayfrom our by ariver.way alandscapegetscarved become “grooved” withthisconditioning, similar tothe being aware thatwe are doingthis.Our mindseventually We mimic this conditioning and pass it on to others without family andearlyeducationsystems. At an early age, our minds are infused with beliefs from our of themountainby meansofgravity. in thesnow toppedmountainpeaksismadetoleave thetop we separate from ourwholenessjustastheriver thatisborn river,Like anew we are bornpure andcompletethen We candothisbecausewe are malleable. extent by usingourcriticalthinking. consciously toacertain same timewe canchoosetoreshape ourselves are shapedby unconsciousforces andyet atthe ur journeythrough lifeislikethatofariver. We 54 University 101 55 University 101 the factsthatwe have beengiven by media,scientists andsociety. reflect onwho we are todayand develop deeper values. Here, we canquestion togatherinformationaboutourexistence. gives usanopportunity We can shallow of the river, part we are still what is happening in the strongof the river. calmly part observe At the where thewaterflows more smoothlyandataslower pace. Here we can It todetachfrom themainstream isimportant andgettotheriver’s edge the river intobeautifulandsmoothpebbles. polishesthejaggedrock particles attempts togetfree. But strengthens thestruggle usandrefines us,justlike free ourselves from thispowerful influenceand we mayhave tomakemany Once we getcaughtupinoursociety’s mainstream, to itcanbeabigstruggle playthings ofthesystemwe live in. We justbouncearound andgetnowhere. about inthemidstofariver. We caneasilyloseouroriginalselfandbecome go alongwiththemajoritythinkingandbehaviors,itislikebeingtossed is indiscriminate.If we gettooabsorbedinoursociety’s systemandjust no matterwhat.Theriver, powerful; it likeourunconsciousmindis very powerful.the river It becomes very with and keeps ongoing, takes everything a pathofleastresistance sothismakesthemiddleofriver speedupand with themainriver, theextrawaterandsmoothnessofriverbed create this is not always beneficial or effective for us. When the river streams mingle tend to want to takeroutethe easythroughand effortless ourlives even when The river is always searching forthe pathof least resistance justas we humans community around us. tothelarger nourishment intheformofencouragementandsupport The river, likeourunconscious mindis very in theriver butinaquieterspotsothis powerful; itisindiscriminate.powerful; original voice andlosingourselves. We are nolongerindangerofdrowning our better, doesbetter. everyone We are one. within ourselves individuallyandatthesametime,collectively. When we do By implementingourrationalandintuitive sides,we cankeepabalance We ourculture trust toguideus,but we mustalso learntoguideourselves. andeveryone. everything oceans justaswe ashumansmergewiththecollective world. We are onewith ground and thewatervapor above it.Eachriver eventually mergeswiththe are connected.Theyare connectedtothewaterthatflows underneaththe DNA thatwe eachinheritfrom ourancestors.In asimilarway, therivers we strive forbalance. We are inourworldby connectedtoeveryone the is producing fortheeconomy. Andthisisokay, providing we know thisand care abouttheinnerhumanbeing.It isonlyconcernedwiththecitizen who society does not have much tolerance for independent people. It does not Detaching oneself temporarily from the mainstream is not easy. A material drowning ouroriginalvoice andlosingourselves. how ourmindandthematerialworldworks. We are nolongerindangerof meaning forus. We canreturn tothemainstream now withknowledge of back togetheragaininawaythatreflects our own standards thathave After untanglingourselves from themainstream hype,we canputourselves 56 University 101 57 University 101 opportunity to take part in such a beautiful learning adventure. insuchabeautifullearningadventure. totakepart opportunity I admire thewaythatUni 102 isdesignedandIamgratefulthatwasgiven the behavior intothelargersociety, andfrom there totheglobalcommunity. well-operating communityintheclassroom. Allwe have todoistransferthistypeof The CommunityAgreements handoutwasalsohelpful. It showeda ushow tocreate and thePolitical Scienceclasseswere helpfultome. particularly I enjoyed alltheclasses.The Critical Thinkingclasses(even thoughsochallenging) skills,etc.)are withinusandalwayswere,survival ever since theprimitive times. evolved and yet not so evolved. And I realized more deeply that all our answers (art, ancestors were so far away and yet they are so near to us. I noticed how we are so During theArchaeology lecture Ihadaninsight.founditamazingthatourprimitive student intheclassroom andIenjoyed camaraderiewitheachofthem. making ahabitofcaringbecauseIwantedtogive backwhatIreceived. Imetevery patient. It wasa relief not to be made wrong for being me. I foundmyself consciously judge less. The way our classroomrun inspired was me. was Everyone respectful and find othersthere whowouldbedevoted togrowing also. Iwantedtocare more and I decidedthataplaceforlearningwouldbethesafesttoin,since at without'mirrors' ofoneself. is join upwithapositive communitysomewhere sinceitisdifficulttoseewhere one I lived in social isolation for some time. Eventually I had to admit that I needed to to thisprogram,thatIendedupwith. Iwasnotsatisfiedwiththeworldview I cametoUni 102becauseIneededtohave aclearer ofourpresent view society. Prior by danushaHART Community Joseph The Obscure V Uni 102Student by Joseph The Obscure, Viagra isBlue of desire. Any therapyforfemalesexual desire disorders must much less inhibitors asenhancersoffemale sexualperformance cerebral events prompt. There isnorational useofPDE-5 cavernosum resulting inpenileerection whensocialand sexual functionby facilitatingvasorelaxation ofthecorpus is aprototype, are effective ofmale forelective support Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5)inhibitors,ofwhichsildenafil needs. consumers eagerforanagenttosuittheirparticular 302. 72(F52.21),uniquelyadisorder ofmales, hasleftfemale approved pharmacotherapeutics for Erectile Disorder DSM-5 act of copulation, reproduction, and/or pair bonding. FDA- vulva interfered withan limppenisordry an inopportune competence hasbeensoughtsincethefirst reflection upon An agent that mobilizes psychic energy to achieve sexual obstacles tosexualexpression. many 'bucketlists'.Even thewell andyoung canencounter having asexlifeinoldage(andideallysatisfyingone)ison normal. Expectations have climbedwithlifeexpectancyand behavior intheyears afterreproductive fitnesswasconsidered physical responsiveness islacking.In thepastcontinuedsexual strategy. Sexual behaviorcanbecomeaburden ifdesire or interaction tobefacilitative, exploitable,andaprosurvival Sexual appetites lead the individual to find sociosexual behavior in previously incapacitated subjects. behavior inpreviously incapacitatedsubjects. Bremelanotide (PT-141) canfacilitatesexual iagra isBlue, Flibanserin Pink; bothare kid-stuff. 58 University 101 59 University 101 minimum ofthree ofthefollowing: Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder DSM-5302.72(52.22)asincludinga The Diagnostic Statistical Manual-5 hasestablishedcriteriafordiagnosisof women andtheirpartners. (Addyi) in2016. Time willtellhowthisdemand by successfullyflibanserinserves related tofemalesexualityhelpedresult approval inregulatory offlibanserin [1] forapharmaceuticalproduct available onprescription toaddress problems The demands by a vocal andoftenindustry-funded ‘patient advocacy’ movement agent isrequired. address more thantherelatively simplemaleerectile process. Acentrallyacting to Viagra [4].In theabstract to"Melanocortin peptidetherapeutics: historical user [3].In June 1999CNNreleased thatMT IImightbeanalternative thenews though there isareport oftheoccurrence ofa melanomatouslesioninanMTII peptide intendedasaninducer ofasafenaturaltaninorder toprevent melanoma, A briefreview of bremelanotide discovery isinorder. Melanotan II(MT II)isa successful fortheuseindicated. the actualexperienceofprescribers is andconsumerswilldetermineifthedrug any significantwayforfemalesis vouched for by theFDAapproval process but the cerebral components of sexual desire. Whether flibanserin can do similarly in remarkably totheperipheraleffectsofPDE-5inhibitors. Bremelanotide addresses The cerebral effectsof bremelanotide onthese diagnosticcriteriacontrast interpersonal difficulty." [2] absent) sexualfantasiesanddesire forsexualactivity” andB-“marked distress or males, isdefined by twocriteria:A- “persistently or recurrently deficient(or Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD),theparalleldisorder thatcanafflict 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1.

Little genitalsensationsduringsexmostofthetime Decreased interest insexeven whenexposedtoerotic stimuli Little pleasure duringsexmostofthetime Decreased andrejecting start of sex Few thoughtsrelated tosex Little interest insex CAS number: 189691-06-3 Molar Mass: 1025. 2 Molecular formula: C50H68N14O10 Sequence: Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-OH PT-141 Bremelanotide prospect of agratifyingsexlifeshouldbewidespread andwell-founded. and singular.a Thesocietalhappinessachieved whenthemaximumnumberhave therapeutic marketplace mayresult inanincrease inhumanhappiness,bothnet The profound satisfactionstofollow introduction ofbremelanotide intothe bremelanotide more effective thancurrent therapeutics. Bremelanotide meetsdemandfora‘pink viagra’. Male consumersmayfind amongothercomplaints thatmayarise. heartbeats, facial flushing, unwanted erections, vaginal lubrication, and possible irregular responsiveness. Side effectsare trivialexcept thatmayexperience tothefew to waitdrug-free foralongerperioduntiltherelevant braincircuits regain inmicrogram doses. an as-neededdrug Too-frequent dosingresults inhaving Bremelanotide produces sexualarousal inalltestsubjects[6].It iseffective as bremelanotide. synthetic cyclic heptapeptidethatisslicedby enzymesintosmallerchainstoyield hormone) and provide an of overview the state of the science [5]. MT II is a address (agentsactive onreceptors melanocortins formelanocytestimulating milestones, clinical studies and commercialization", authors Hadley and Door 60 University 101 61 University 101 [6]PT-141 Fact Sheetavailable at www. palatin. com/pdfs/pt141. pdf Hadley,[5]Mac E. regulates that Discovery amelanocortin inmaleandfemale humans, sexual functions Peptides, [4] _Tanning May Drug Find New Life as Viagra Alternative_; 1999,DanRutz:http: 17June //www. cnn.com/ [3] MelanomaAssociated with theUse F, ofMelanotan-II;Hjuler K. Lorentzen H.F. _Dermatology_ 2014;228:34- [2] The Criteria DSMDiagnostic for Hypoactive SexualDesire Disorder inMen_18602015..2030,Lori A.Brotto, PhD [1] “Even theScore: 26Organizations whobelieve that it’s timeto level theplaying fieldwhenit comes to the References PT-141 isametaboliteofMelanotan 2 PT-141 Structural Names: cyclo-[Nle4, Asp5, PubChem: CID9941379 D-Phe7, Lys10]alpha-MSH-(4-10) 2005. 01.023. Volume 2005, Pages 26, Issue 10, October 1687-1689, ISSN 0196-9781, http: //dx. doi. org/10. 1016/j. peptides. HEALTH/men/9906/17/viagra. alternative/ 36(DOI: 10.1159/000356389) 1743-6109. 2010.01860.x ofObstetrics andGynaecology,Department UniversityColumbia, ofBritish Vancouver, Canada DOI:10.1111/j. treatment ofwomen’s sexual dysfunction." http: //eventhescore. org/ Antonio Ruiz W Uni 102Student by Antonio Ruiz, How Meditation Helped Me With Uni102 are oftenworried we will losethem. When we canmanagetoacquire objects oraspecialjobwe surroundings) orwhenwe harmothersinorder togetthem. frequently becausewe really have limited control of our or otherspainwhenwe failtoget them (whichhappens Frequently ourpursuitofexternalconditionscauses us conditions ofourlives. produce happinessordissatisfaction,nottheexternal us happy. Meditation teaches us that our feelings are what material things, happiness in our family, in order to make such asfood,clothing,admirationofothers,acquiring our daythinkingaboutimproving ourexternalconditions, us alotofsufferingandproblems. We spendagreat dealof but if we look more deeply we shall see that they also bring Superficially itseemsthatthesethingscanmakeushappy, nearly allourtimeandenergytoacquiringthese. and moneyare thereal causesofhappiness,andwe devote believe that externalconditionssuchasfood,friends,cars, mind. Weits opposite,anunpeacefulangry generally what exactlycausesustohave peacefulminds,aswell as To getapeacefulandpatientmind,we firstneedtoidentify easily -angerbeingtheoppositeofpatience. disturbing thoughts,we tendtolackpatienceandgetangry minds are outofcontrol, fullofnegative and have anabundance ofpatience-whenour hen we are happyandpeaceful,we tendto 62 University 101 63 University 101 wonderful experienceforme. wonderful liaisons, teaching assistants, Becky and other staff in making this program a tothankallof theprofessors, student I wouldliketotakethisopportunity thingsandgainknowledge.help metolearnnew concentrate betterinclass.On topof this, theprofessors from theclassesalso calm inagroup environment. Also,meditationhelpsmetobefocusedand to able tobuildfriendshipswithmypeersinUni 102becauseithelpsmetobe my involvement intheUni 102program. Through mediation,Ihave been Meditation hashelpedmegreatly in mylife.One oftheexamplesthisis environment. Meditation istheattitudethatproduces internalhappiness. in thatmoment.Happiness orsufferingisnotconnectedtoourexternal to helpsomeoneout.Despite thehorrors around usourmindceasestosuffer peace. Perhaps we remember something positive from thepast, orwe are able horrible place,suchasinthemiddleofawar, yet we findamomentofinner maybe fornoapparent reason atall.On theotherside,we maybeina inexplicably sad when we remember something painful from our past, or We maybewalkinginabeautifulgarden, withnoworries,thenwe feel this isfrequently notthecase. we are beautifulplace,ourmindswillnaturallybepeaceful.But inaperfect difficult. littlewealth canbevery nothing orvery Wemightalso think thatif life. But clear to those of us without adequate income that it having is very We mightthinkthatthesolutionistogetridofallthosetrappingsmaterial not decrease asourwealth increases. - we swiftlygetusedtowhatwe have, andthenwantmore. Our desires do amount of stuff" then stop? perfect Nope. Satisfaction in wealth doesn't exist Have you ever heard income? Do of the perfect people simply reach "the Happiness orsuffering isnot to our connected external environment.external Bill Carroll wealth. For sociology, inexplaininginequality whatiscrucial explanations of structured inequality –includingpoverty and But facts are notenough. What social science offers are newscasts. whether we are walkingdowntown orwatchingtelevision inequality are clearenough.Theystare usintheface eachday, to North-South inequitiesbetween countries. Thefactsof to inequitieswithincountriesandthree-quarters attributable ofglobalincomeinequalityattributable roughly onequarter inequality withinandbetween theworld’s countries,with the patternofincreasingly extreme economicand social income of the poorest fifth. With aseriesofgraphs,Icharted of 20thcentury, therichestfifthclaimed nearly75timesthe claimed about 3 times the income of the poorest fifth. By end 19th century, therichestfifthofworld’s population us?" In mylecture, Ibeganwithsomebasicfacts.In early question (Matthew 26:11),"willthepooralwaysbewith the firstone,whichIwillfocusonhere, itwasthebiblical I decidedtofocuseachsessionaround aconcrete issue.For the issuesoroverwhelming thestudents? strategies, inacoupleofevenings, withouteithertrivializing convey enough insightsaboutinequalityandcriticalresearch I approached themwithsometrepidation. How couldI big asquestionscangetinsocialscienceandateacher toward socialchange?Theseare aboutas emancipatory how canwe explore thatworldinwayspointforward, the persistentsocialinequalitiesthattrouble ourworldand big questionsthatpreoccupy manysociologists:whatcauses My teaching contribution to Uni 102 has focused on two Instructor Sociology by Bill Carroll, andPlaydough Inequality Social Capitalism 64 University 101 65 University 101 explanations of structured inequality – including poverty –includingpoverty explanations inequality ofstructured rights over lifeforms orage-oldfolkremedies new (asincorporatebiopiracy) knowledge commons(asincommercializing theInternet), to gainproperty processes ofenclosure continuetoday –asbigbusinessstrives toenclosethe worldwascreated throughOur enclosure contemporary ofthecommons, but capitalist settler-society. practices ratified by thecolonizers aslegaland proper), creatinga thebasisfor collectively toIndigenous peopleswasstolen(typicallythrough colonizing was created through actsofappropriation andenclosure, aslandbelonging to Europe andothercentersofcapitalism,includingNorth America.Canada colonization –theappropriation ofwealth from whatbecametheThird World Global inequalitywasproduced outoftheprocess ofEuropean expansionand the colonizationofworldby whatbecametheleadingcapitalist powers. as capitalismtookroot. Importantly, enclosure wasthe keymechanismin Britain, ofindustrialcapitalism,butitspread birthplace throughout Europe commons have beenenclosedwithinfencesandwalls.Thisoccurredin first in thepast500years, ascapitalismhasbecomethedominantwayoflife, the landwascollectively controlled by communities–asthecommons.But First onmylistofsuchmechanismswasenclosure. In earliertimes,muchof to takefrom another, ortoexclude thatotherfrom accesstoakeyresource. key mechanismsofappropriation –socialarrangementsthatenableonegroup My mainmessageaboutthecausesofpersistent inequality hasisolatedseveral and inequality. economic andpoliticalorganizationofsocietycreates andmaintainspoverty the role of social structures and social relations. They fail to consider how the – laziness,badgenes,poormoney-management,andsoon.Such neglect views pseudo-explanations thatpresent poverty asaresult ofindividualdeficiencies can discredit– themythologiesthatare ideology thestuffofconservative of inequalityinvolves adebunkingexercise. Through social investigation, we are thesocialrelations through whichwe live ourlives. In theexplanation part, But facts are notenough. But facts What socialscience offers are and wealth. ee my “Playdough Capitalism: An Adventure inCritical Pedagogy." 1 which Icall specific formofclassexploitationworks, I toanin-classsimulation, resorted ofsurplus value presents anexplanation.The theory To demonstratehow this affluent and segmentofsociety:thecapitalistclass. powerful needs tobeexplainedishow thateconomicsurplusgetscaptured by onesmall, wealth,new intheformofcommodities,thanisconsumed intheyear. What is produced incapitalisteconomies–thatis,theworkforce produces more depression, ofproduction shutsdown) whenabigpart aneteconomicsurplus this pseudo-explanationcannotexplainthefactthateachyear (barringamajor market make betterstrategicdecisionsthanothers:theygain;otherslose. Yet Where doesprofit comefrom? One simpleideaisthatshrewd players inthe just thiskindofappropriation, butinawaythatisnotimmediatelyapparent. ofprofit inmoderncapitalismentails Marx noticed thattheeconomiccategory is gainedby appropriating wealth produced by subordinates. subordinate class.Thisiscalledclassexploitation:thedominantclass’ affluence way thatenablesadominantclasstoappropriate theproducts ofthelaboura societies –ancientslave societies,medieval feudalism,etc.–are arrangedina the appropriation by capitalistsofsurplusvalue produced by workers. Allclass inequality isproduced andmaintained.Thisisthrough whatKarl termed Marx society suchasCanada(andalsowithinaglobalcapitalismsystem),class The secondmechanismofappropriation explainshow, withinacapitalist with themoneytopurchase it. by whatwascommonlyheldintoisavailable converting onlytothose cultural program is privatized). All these processes tend to increase inequalities (ashappenswhenasocialor and totakecontrol ofpreviously publicservices a student volunteer to serve as police officer (to be paid the same wage as the aspolice officer(tobepaid the samewageas a studentvolunteer toserve assigned them to their respective places on the production line, and also ‘hired’ assumed therole ofthe‘collective capitalist’, recruited three student-proletarians, circulation; thepaperclipsasmoney. Trading onmyauthorityasprofessor, I astheplacesforproduction and of paperclips.Thetableand lecternserved the lectern,Iplacedalittlehand-lettered signthatread: $tore, andasmallbox would be the flow of the labour process within a factory. steps away, A few on of playdough, rolling pin,moldsandbutterknifeinarow, prefiguring what

S playdough capitalism 1 . On a table facing the class I placed a ball . On atablefacingtheclassIplacedball Socialist Studies20139(1):52-68. Socialist 66 University 101 67 University 101 It is the active agency ofworkers that creates agency istheactive new goodsand It services, whosevalue exceedsservices, what capitalistspay themas is linkedtocapitalism’s competitive dynamic. I refer tocorporateglobalization, A third decades mechanismthathas been amplifyinginequalities inthepastfew from theiremployer ofthewealth theycreate. onlyaportion appropriation ofsurplusvalue directly visible, asworkers continuallybuyback playdough capitalism,there isnointer-capitalist competition,whichmakesthe other forshares ofthateconomic surplus.Of course,inthesimulatedworldof value –iswhatfuelscapitalaccumulation,asbusinessescompete witheach between thetotalvalue ofwhatgetsproduced andthewagebill–surplus value exceeds what capitalists pay them as wages and salaries. The difference It whose istheactive agencyofworkers thatcreates goodsandservices, new produce more value new forcapitaliststhenthelabourpower theysellisworth. at its core it is a system of class exploitation, based on the fact that workers commodities) andequality(fairexchange ofcommoditiesattheirvalues), yet operates according toitscelebratedvalues offreedom (ofchoice,inexchanging Thus, theparadox that unravelledMarx in power –enoughtofunditsreproduction through consumptionofwagegoods. under mycontrol. However, workers were paidthe‘fair value’ oftheirlabour stars andangels(theformerrepresenting goods), wagegoods,thelatterluxury them towork hard), yet mostofitsimplyaccumulatedinagrowing pileof the agencyofworkers (ascapitalist,Iplayed norole except toencourage satisfy aworker’s needsforaday. The wealth was,obviously, produced through per shift–enoughtobuyoneplaydough star, whichwasreckoned asenoughto angels) quicklyexceeded thevalue ofthewagestheywere paid:twopaperclips (followed by aminuteofleisure time),theiroutput(inplaydough starsand As thestudent-proletarians worked theirone-minuteshiftsinthefactory rights–thesimulationbegan. property capital), aclassofwage-workers dependentonemployment, astatetoenforce control ofthemeanscommodityproduction andcirculation (andofmoney- workers). factory Within thesebasicpremises ofcapitalisminplace–capitalist , his masterpiece: capitalism Capital, hismasterpiece:capitalism wages and salaries. wages andsalaries. ttps: //www. oxfam. org/en/node/7321 ee my The Making ofa Transnational Capitalist Class (Zed Books, 2010). 3 2 incorporates sociologicalanalyses of social injustice, butpointstoward the over of myown theyears, inradicalpedagogy. aspart efforts Eachmusic-vid 102 classes,Ihave shown someofthepoliticalmusic-videosthatIhave made be angered by them,or seriously depressed. For thisreason, withinmy Uni presented themtoaUni 102classin2006Ihadnoidea whetherpeoplewould These are pretty aboutourtroubled world,andwhenIfirst grimtruths reflections parting Some community’ (alsoknown asthetransnationalcapitalistclass provide theconditionsforcompetitive profits fortheinternational‘investment to maintainabuoyant economysothatpeoplehave jobsandincomes,itmust or simplytostayaway. If alocalcommunity, oreven anationalstate,wishes power: structural capitalists gain a certain the power to exit from a jurisdiction, in their reach and outlook, competitionbecomesmore international, and and intensifiedthesetendencies.Ascorporationsinvestors becomeglobal rights, suchastheNorth AmericanFree Trade Agreement, have sanctioned states andcommunities.International agreements thatexpandinvestor economy whileaglobalfinancialmarket hascometodominate over individual transnational corporationshave cometocontrol more andmore oftheworld and its tendency to create a race to the bottom. In the past four decades, poorest halfofhumanity–more than3.5billionpeople it isthatin2016,the62wealthiest individualsown wealth equivalent tothe made topersistandindeeddeepenfurther. Thesemechanismexplain how value, and the raceto the bottomclarify how, inour time, deep inequitiesare Taken together, theenclosure ofvarious commons,theappropriation ofsurplus labour. and corporatetaxes fall,capitalistsappropriate more ofthewealth cratedby social programs andalsoenvironmental regulations, are sacrificed.Aswages workforce offagainstanother, creates a‘racetothebottom’, inwhichwages, powerThe structural oftransnationalcapital,playingonecommunityor TNCs andotherglobalinvestors maywithdrawcapitalandplaceitelsewhere.

h S 3 . 2 ). Otherwise, ). Otherwise, 68 University 101 69 University 101 with othermembersofalearningcommunity. the pointofitisnottoobtainamarketable credential, buttolearn,indialogue in Uni 102demonstratehow themeaningofeducationshiftsradicallywhen capital, asitsalienatedproduct Luddites and, more broadly, thefactthatitisourown labourthatproduces end,andwe hadmuchtotalkabout,includingthelegacyof to anabrupt how itfeelstobeonthereceiving endofsocialinequality. Thesimulationcame tool onthetable,breaking therolling pinintothree pieces.His angercaptured flatten playdough responded to my commands to work faster by slamming his On onememorable occasion,however, thestudent-proletarian whosejobwasto social science’s insights. stellar production to values) asefforts reach beyond words incommunicating mechanisms?’ Andtheyapplaudedthemusic-vids(despitetheirless-than- response along the lines of,can we do to remove, ‘What or work around, these the reaction wasneitherangernordespair. It wasanengaged,inquiring an integratedanalysisofinequality’s keygenerative mechanisms,butoverall powerat –honedthrough theirlifeexperiences.Theyappreciated myefforts insights aboutenclosure, exploitationanddynamicsoftransnationalcorporate community includesmanypeoplewhobringtothetableawealth ofpractical tolearnthattheUniof mylecture heartened andmusic-vids,Iwastruly 102 As we discussedtheimplicationsofplaydough capitalismsimulation,and his is, ofcourse, one ‘proof’ ofsurplusvalue: whenlabourwithdraws from ofthetheory newvalue production, 5 hese music-videosare available at my UVic Academic Online Community page:https: // 4 justice ever-present possibilityoftransformation:moving decisively toward social

from subsistence. https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Luddite protestedcentury againstnewlydeveloped power loomsthat would displace themfrom theirjobsandthus (including surplusvalue) ceases to appear. The Luddites were English textileworkers whointheearly19th T onlineacademiccommunity. uvic. ca/wcarroll/. T 4 . 5 . For me,thespiriteddiscussionswe have had Desiree Grubell L Uni 102Student by Desiree Grubell, We are Learning a closedmind? We theworld with onlyone tendto view can we learn to move on in our world when we think with the worldasmore diverse. Why dowe fightchange? How his downfall. Ifeeltimesare changingand we needto see Minister Ifeelhewasnotatalldiverse andIthinkthatwas a goodperson. When Stephen Harper was ourPrime diversity. IthinkasourPrime Minister Justin Trudeau is I have watchedmanyofhisvideoswhere hetalkedabout an interest inJustin Trudeau diverse. asIbelieve heisvery people toseethattheworldisadiverse world.Ihave taken don’t seethediversity inourworld.Thatisunfair. We need I alsofindthat we are livinginadiverse world. People him. get intothingsheshouldnotbecauseare notsafefor playful. He isfunnytowatch butIwouldnotwanthimto me laughorcry. Ihave acatathomeandheiscute many catvideoson YouTube. Ihave foundthattheymake things theydo. Catsare likelittleclowns. Ihave viewed I have an interest in cats and how they play and the cute interesting. Ihavevery lotsofinterests aboutmanythings. me before theyjudge me. Thatisnot fair. My lifehasbeen like. Idon’t likebeing judged.Iwantpeopletounderstand and enjoy. People also have judged me for what I tend to sharing whatIlove andhopingpeoplealsoseewhatI we willdiscover time.Ilove every somethingnew everyday.something new We are a path and starting ife islikeatwister. We twistandturnbutwe learn 70 University 101 71 University 101 society. The residential schoolswantedthe First Nations tolive likeus.Thisis First Nation. They were taught English and French and were made to live in their culture. They were not allowed to speak their native tongueor live like a the Indian inthechild.'Thatmeans First Nations were taughttoforget losing theirlanguages.Iwas reading thattheresidential schoolstriedto'kill tongue. The residential schools are a good example of how First Nations are We wantthemtospeakourlanguageswhentheytheirnative over otherlanguages. First Nations are losingtheirlanguagesbecauseofus. taking over other languages.IfeelthatbothEnglish andFrench are taking strong abouthowlooked atlanguageslasttermIfeltvery somelanguages are ofDiversity.I alsofeelthatlanguageisanother part Iremember whenwe Diversity becauseIfeelwe needtoshowimportant. peoplethatitisvery the Ted Talks videos.There are alotofthembutIwaslookingforoneon bad people.Iwaswatchingavideoon YouTube onDiversity. It wasoneof by how tomakethemlooklike theylook,we tendtojudgethemandtry inourlives. Ihaveis playingapart discovered thatthemore we judgepeople oftheworld.The cultures,part people’s backgrounds are ofhow allpart race There ismore toracethanmeetstheeye. Ihave foundthatraceisinevery We oftennoticeracewhenwe seesomeonewholooksdifferent from us. he isupto. interesting. Ifindhim very what Iamdoingiswrong by following himonline.Ionlywanttoseewhat needs.Ihave beentoldthat he willdoforCanada.Thisiswhatourcountry Minister. Ihave lookeduptoJustin Trudeau becauseheisdoingwhatsaid open mind.Iknow Ihave been judgedbecauseIaminterested inourPrime people becausetheyinspire tohave ustokeepgoingandthenwe an willstart and Ithinkwe needtolearnopenourminds.Ithinkwe canlookupto totell their storiesIamtakenintoworlds.feelthatwe allhave astory and tolearnopenourminds. videosaboutpeople telling When Iview I feelthataswe gothrough ourlives we needpeopletoshow usdiversity when wetheworldwithonlyonemind. thinkwithaclosedmindorview eye and when we do that we only see the negative. We can’t see the positive many peoplewhocome from different backgrounds. We that needtowe know are livinginaworld with learning. to lookattheworldwithanopenmindandalwaysremember thatwe are will alwayshave more todiscover. Ithinkthatthisexperiencehastaught me I have been moved by them. This hasshowed me that we are learning and we have heard himtalkingaboutCanada’s diversity inmanyofhisspeechesand andIagree withhim.I talking alotaboutCanadabeingdiverse country other peopletoseetheworldwithbotheyes. Iremember Justin Trudeau was role toplay inthisworld.Ifeelthattherole istokeeplearningandteaching when we only seenegative. Thatisnottherightthingtodo. We allhave a thing. We needtostoplookingattheworldwithoneeye becausethatis diversity works andabouthow we canseeitasa positive andnotanegative a lot about diversity. I found that we can learn from each other abouthow collaborate with other people. Part of my time in Uni 101 and 102 we talked thing andthere willalwaysbediversity. We canfindasafespacetolearnand from different backgrounds. We need toshow peoplethatthisisnotabad We needtoknow thatwe are livinginaworldwithmanypeoplewhocome I don’t agree withit. not fair. Ithinkwe needtoshow peoplethatthisisnotwhatDiversity isand 72 University 101 73 University 101 I by Desiree Grubell Disney: Then andNow animal. Themovie Mickey Mouse Monopoly showed thatalot. Whetheror noticed Disney wasracistinsomeofthemovies. Whether itwashumanor weak. These days we are seeing Disney showing more powerful women.Ialso it withoneeye. In thepast Disney movies showed womenassometimes evil? We seeDisney asevilwhenwe thinkwithaclosedmindandonlyview we makeDisney movies evil?How canwe onlylookatDisney asawhole positive in allthemovies. How canwe makeMickey Mouse evil?How can see negative. You needtoseethemovies withbotheyes toseethatthere is I feelthatwhenyoumovies view ortheworldwithoneeye you willonly who feltDisney wasevil.Theyviewedthemovies withonlyoneperspective. the documentary Mickey Mousethe documentary Monopoly. It showed a lot of people movies now show more womenasstrong andpowerful. Ilookbackat have found thatover theyears Disney haschangedquiteabit.The and have their own channel. Disney has made a lot of money in their theme many franchises like see thesemovies withbotheyes andnotwith oneeye. Disney hasbought I feel that as Disney movies keeps bringing out new we to will soon start tales Disney basedtheirmovies on. they really are. Iwatchedon YouTube avideoaboutthedark sideofthefairy talesbecausekidsdon’twrong with changingthefairy understandhow dark tales are much darkerfairy than the Disney movies. I feel that Disney isnot tales.Disney haschangedthemtomakekidfriendly.classic fairy The I have seen thatmostoftheDisney movies we know andlove are basedon evil whenitreally isnotevil. and notthenegative. Thatisnotfairandwillonlymake Disney seemlikeit They needtosee Disney withbotheyes thentheymayhave seenthepositive movie Mickey Mouse Monopoly only saw Disney as a wholewithone eye. we needto seethewholepicture before we judge.Ithinkthepeoplein quite asurprisetome. We needtostopseeingtheworldwithoneeye because thatuntilIsawthemovieknew Mickey Mouse Monopoly, soitcameas racist.Inever not itwasabouthumansoranimalstheyfeltthatvery Star Wars and Pixar. They own a lot of TV networks 74 University 101 75 University 101 and thatwillnever change. We tounderstand it. just have toaccept itandtry there aMickey Mouse Monopoly? Isaythere isaMickey Mouse Monopoly we don’t likewhatwe seeinDisney andwhenwe willlikewhatwe see.Is companies thatare competing withDisney. There are goingtobetimeswhen example. If we are goingtojudgeDisney thenwe needtojudgeallthemajor in the world there are others that are just like them, like Dreamworks for We are Disney allhuman andnobodyisperfect. isnot theonlycompany to dothisandwe needtorespect that. without Disney’s permission.Ifeelthatinsomeways Disneyright hasevery turned down becausetheyare usingMickey Mouse inanegative way, or I have also seenhow writers ofbooksaboutDisney have hadtheirbooks using pictures ofMickey &Friends orDisney Princess paintedontheirwalls. make money using their brand. I saw on Youtube how daycares got sued for they are promoting theirbrand.Disney doesn'tlikethird companiesto party parks andfranchise.Thishasmadethecompanyalotofmoneybecause Disney canbeapowerful teachingtool. you can’t finish. This isagoodexampleof We canlearnfrom thisshort. how think this movie something message in itabout not starting has an important magic words tostopthespellMickey hadcast.He wasnothappyatall.I whatMickeyhappyatall.Heknew haddoneandwasnotvery the knew more water. The wholehallwasflooded andwhen the Sorcerer returned,he done. He triestosmashthe broom butthepiecesjustmultiplyandfetch the water. Thespellgoeswrong and Mickey cannotfixthedamagehehas sorcerer's Magic hatwhenhegoesoutforawhiletomakethebroom fetch Sorcerer’s Apprentice” from loved. Ilookedbackonmy favorite Mickey Mouse ofalltime“The short favorites. Other newermovies likeBrave are movies thatIhave seennow and Some oftheoldDisney movies likeSnow White andSleeping Beauty are my loved watchingthemasakidandstilldotoday. It isonemyguiltypleasures. Do wethemwith oneeye view ordowe openbothoureyesDisney. toview I The mainquestionliesinhow themovieswe view that we are socrazyabout. Fantasia. In Mickey thisshort triestousethe 76 University 101 77 University 101 and passiton. in Uni 101 and 102 hasbeena good one and Iwill take what Ihave learned I feelwe are learningandwe willnever stoplearning.Ifeelmyexperience the inside. They justhave more moneyandfamethan we do. They are allthesameon Ifeelthatpeoplewhoare important. famousareis very nodifferent thanus. look atwithbotheyes andkeepanopenmind.How wefamouspeople view like Disney are huge forshowing images. Diversity isonethingwe needto Pop Culture andImage inour lives. Big is playingabigpart mediacompanies I foundthatimageisabigthinginhow we lookatourselves. Ifoundthat that theyhave thesameingredients. seeing ontheshow Marketplace thecastlooked at theseproducts andfound products are notthatdifferent thanwomen’s buttheypaymore. I remember I have seen thatwomenpaymore fortheirproducts thanmendo. Men’s Nativehurting languages. M by Desiree Grubell My ExperienceinUni10 because some,likeEnglish andFrench, are takingover and have learned alotaboutmyself. Ifoundthatlanguagesare dying y Experience inUni 101and102hasbeenaneye opener. I I feel we are andwe learning willnever stop learning. Margaret Fairley Is tobeastudentofUni 102 To bewelcomed To beafriend To have talentrecognized To create Is ofcommunity tobepart To beinvolved To think To openmyworld Uni 102Student by Margaret Fairley, my World Open 78 University 101 79 University 101

Patriots were captured andkilledin1837. Without thehelpofU. S.anddeniedby theChurch, the England, theywontheirindependence onJuly 41876. American Revolution) andafterseven years ofwaragainst Fifty years earliertheU.S.peopledidsame thing(the against theBritish armyfortheindependenceofQuebec. The Patriots were from 1830-37andfought apoliticalparty also Queen ofCanada;inQuebec we remember thePatriots. British monarchy andtheQueen ofEngland, Elizabeth II, The 24thof May, whilepeopleofCanada remember the dayVictoria vs Patriots day What doIremember? Quebec and whichmeans"Iremember." This isthe Quebec mottothat carin we can read onevery Je mesouviens. history A short I Uni 102Student by Caron, Robert Vive Libre leQuebec friends withyou asafree nationamongtheUnited Nations. Quebec 60% oftheFrancophone populationdesires tobe Canadian to and understand why my in point of view why. tohelp, In alittlebit,the Iwilltry thisarticle, Western

because Iamnotroyalist for a second,andyou willsee am notBritish atall.Ilike Victoria butnot theQueen come toBeautiful Britishoften,butI Columbia very Robert Caron Robert that thenextQuebec referendum couldbewinner. won. ThenCanadahelda referendum in1992. Now itwasCanadawhofeared tried toscare us,sayingthey willleave Quebec withthemoneyifyes side 1980. We lost becausetoomanypeoplefeared thepower ofcorporationswho elected asovereign in1976(leParti party Quebecois) and heldareferendum in This wasthebeginningofendCanadastatus quo. Quebec people Referendum Time "Vive le Quebec libre." of theinternationalexposition.It wasfrom theMontreal cityhallthathesaid: President ofFrance (General De Gaule) visitingMontreal forthecelebration attempted tofree Quebec, we hadreceived apoliticalwakeupcallfrom the about thepoliticalsituationofQuebec’s people. Three years before the F. L. Q. were defeatedandsenttojail. While injailMr. Pierre Vallières wrote abook Canadian War Act and sent the army to Quebec and once again thePatriots (Qc Justice Minister), Mr. Pierre E. Trudeau (PM of Canada) put in effect the After theF. L.Q.(...free Quebec )hadkidnapedandkilledMr. Pierre Laporte their gunsin1970. But thisrevolution wastooquietandslow. So thepatriotscamebackwith years later thechurches are almostempty. despotic andalcoholicPrime Minister Maurice Duplessis (1936-1959).Fifty the Quebecois life spiritual, with social the and Catholic, political everyday First thisrevolution was a rebellion against the Church who was controlling more shameandnomore submission." This wasthetimewhenpeopleof Quebec wokeupandsaid,"No more fear, no RevolutionThe Quiet I remember. are aconquered andcontrolled nationby theBritish empire." One ofthemsaidoutloudjustbefore hewashung:“Let’s remember thatwe 80 University 101 81 University 101 we are notdead,althoughImightbe in2020. Anyway IhopethatthenextQuebec referendum willshow totheworldthat on thesubjectthatmostCanadianswouldvote nomore Queen. why Canadain2016stillhasaqueenalthoughIbetthatif we hada referendum they gotridofthemonarchy duringtheFrench Revolution. Idon’t understand on theirlicenceplate,itwasusedby myancestorsinFrance 1780-89,when A longtimebefore New Hampshire inNew England U.S.A.usedthatmotto libre oumourir) Live Free (Vivre orDie destiny becausewe are notonlyadistinctsociety, butwe are adifferent nation. We want to be free at lasttochooseour own social, political and economic of theU.K.andtofire her representative, the Governor General of Quebec We francophonesfrom Quebec wanttobefree atleasttogetridofthequeen they have to signthisoath: Immigration is under the power of Ottawa and to become a Canadian citizen immigrants voted no. Pariseau (PMofQuebec). Thefrancophone vote was60%,butmostofthe Almost 5millionspeoplevoted and49.42%saidyes tothesovereign planof said no. Brian Mulroney wasrighttofearthenextQuebec referendum in1995. ofCanada byfully a part signing theconstitution, but a majorityofCanadians So lotsofchangeswere intheCharlottetown Accord topleaseQuebec tobe help meGod. queen Elizabeth thesecond,Queen ofCanada, and tohersuccessor. So I do swear that allegiance I to will her be majesty faithful and bear true Susan Courtney eaven tohearyou And whenyou pray A friendalwaysnearyou Laughter tocheeryou A shelteringangelsonothingcanharmyou A moonbeamtocharmyou A sunbeamtowarmyou May God grantyou always Uni 102Student by Susan Courtney, Always: a Traditional Irishblessing H 82 University 101 83 University 101

Uni 201Student by Anderson, Robert First day oncampus volunteering withSSD. I have been comingtoUni 201since2008andIamnow and thatthelearningspacewouldbeasafeone. could choosewhetherIwantedtocompleteassignments, Becky explained tomethatthere wouldbenotests,thatI I have had alearning disability (LD) since I was child, and program. more happyandevolved incampuslifeandtheUni 101 get usedtomysurroundings, whichallowed metofeel others students,andtheUVic campus.Islowly to started I was and shehelped me get used to theclasses, nervous got over it!Anditbecamealotoffun.Beckyhow knew working in thesmallgroups challengingandhard, butI to first attend I was nervous Uni 101 in 2007. I found Robert Anderson Robert Corrie Ouwejan People, grounded liketrees. Friends insunandwind. Friends season; forevery So understanding,souplifting. Like trees sosolid, Body onbody, soulonsoul, Shoulder onshoulder, People are liketrees standingnexttoyou: Uni 102Student by CorrieOuwejan, People 84 University 101 85 University 101 planting theseed andkeepingitgrowing. is fruitful!!!!! The harvest ofthisamazingprogram. Thank to beapart you somuchto Becky andothersfor The coffee,snacksanddinners are fantastic.Again,itisagoodcommunityfeeling the mood.The TAs’ presence hasbeen really helpful withbuildingself-confidence. we are asUni 102students.Theyhave agreat senseofhumour, andthatlightens from alltheteachingassistants,theyare sonon-judgementalandacceptingofwho from theotherpeople’s perspectives. Also,Igreatly appreciate theincredible help enjoyI truly thegroup discussions.Theyhelpedmeembracediversity andlearn minded thantwomonthsago,before Uni Istarted 102. and have anunderstandingthatsomepeopleare underprivileged.Ifeelmore open becausetheyvolunteerall ofthemteachfrom tobeinthisprogram, theirhearts inhisclasses.Alloftheprofessors are comfortable great,I feltvery and Ithinkthat encourages studentstolearnandaskquestions.He hasagreat senseofhumour, and I alsolikeDavid Scoones,whoisaProfessor ofEconomics becausehealways terminology thatdescribesgenderissues. about themedicalizationofgenderandpharmaceuticalindustry. Ilearnednew I amgratefulthathave beeninalecture withDr. TheaCacchioniandlearnedalot I feelinspired tobealifelonglearner. to discuss things with. I am 57 years old now and have been busy raising 3 children. learned withmyson,whohasaneurological disorder andgreat andissupersmart be here, whichwouldn’tI befinanciallypossibleatthispoint.Ishare alotofwhat the communityhere atUVic andinUni 101/102.Iamalso thankfultobeable myself from studyingandworking onit,whichfeelsfunnynow. muchlike Ivery W by CorrieOuwejan The Joy ofLearning picture” inlife.English ismysecondlanguageandIdiscouraged motivated thingsandlookingatthe“big and eagertolearnnew ow, it has beensoexciting forme to beinthisprogram. Iam Bruce not offended anybody(Ihope!),andthrough this practice However, by takingadeep breath andstepping back, Ihave I believe that I am not the only one having this difficulty. have not quite conquered my best. this yet, although I try experience. I automatically dismissingit, hasbeenatrying an openmindandactually listeningtoanidea,without differentaccept ideasthatare from very my own. Keeping persons thinkmyway. It difficultto hasbeenparticularly Perhaps themostchallengingis thediscovery thatnotall successful. There have, however, been challenges. want tolearnandexpandtheirhorizons hasbeensomewhat barrier forme,andhavinglike-mindedpeoplearound who socialization. Breaking thesocialisolationhasbeenahuge of thehouse, away from thetvand provided an avenue for been rewarding inthesense that theyhave takenmeout My experienceswithin the Uni 101and 102 courseshave Lightness ofBeing, andCompassion. and rekindling Hope, offriendshipwithsomeoldpartners; been anemergencefrom thebogofdespair, andareunion way of looking at events, both past and present. For me, it’s changing experience.For others,itisanopeningtoanew many unseenpositive consequences.For some,itisalife to traditional avenues of higher education, the program has turned away. Primarily offered tothosewhofacebarriers T Uni 102Student by Bruce, University 101andtheCommunity because interest isgreat andpeopleare routinely tobeexpanded to thecommunityanddeserves he University 101 program offers a valuable service 86 University 101 87 University 101 much outof, andcontributeasmuchto,theprograms asthestudents. resources todoso. Ibelieve getas thevolunteers, facilitatorsandinstructors I alsoencouragethosewhoare interested involunteering their timeand in attendingit,andencouragethemtoovercome anyhesitationsandapply. many levels. Ihighlyrecommend theprogram tothosewhoare interested Uni 102,Ihave foundtheprograms tobebothrewarding andenrichingon Having just completedUni 101and,asofthiswriting,halfway through skill thatIvalue andwanttocontinuepracticing. oftheprogram, itisa with thecriticalanalysisportion that Iamstruggling tools to do so ona more difficult andfeel criticallevel. Although I find it very characteristic ofmine(Ishouldhave beenalawyer), Ihave beengiven the and donottakeideasatfacevalue. While thishasalwaysbeenapersonal The mostnotablesuccessisthatInowonadeeperlevel questioneverything There have beenmanyothersuccessesalso. I have become more tolerant.In this way, theprogram has beenasuccess. ideas that are very differentideas that are very from my own. It has been particularly difficult to accept hasbeenparticularly It Tiffany Lowe Of itall Beauty of the knowledge The blossoms were the Then Igrew likeatree I soared liketheeagle I studiedliketheowl Minds thatsurrounded me I sawbeautyinthe There wasmystery A path I sawalightand Uni 102Student Lowe,by Tiffany I saw alight 88 University 101 89 University 101 90 University 101 91 University 101 Ewa Czaykowska-Higgins T "Without thelanguage,we are bodieswithoutaspirit." warm Linguistics Instructor by Ewa Czaykowska-Higgins, andCulture Language learn new languages, play with language, laugh in language, languages, play with language, laugh in language, learn new we are. It canalsogive waystoexpress usnew ourselves: We can beyond ourcontrol anditslosscandestroy oursenseofwho education. Languagecanbe takenawayfrom usby factors Language isaffected by power andpolicies, by poverty and our spirit. cognition andthought.Languagereflects ourspiritualityand understanding about signed language(s),andhasledtonew systematic patternsandstructures thatoccurinspokenand our minds and our brains; scientific study has allowed us to see by ourthoughtsandintellects.Languageisawindow into and birds. It gives ustoolswithwhichtothinkandisshaped Language nameslandandplace,plantsanimals fish allowing us to imagine our futures and to tell our stories. understanding, linkingustoourpastsandhistories, Language isindeedamediumforexpressing cultural meaning andmakingsenseofcollective experience." culture from onegenerationtoanotherandforcommunicating that for "language transmitting is one of the main instruments and group identity. The Royal Commissionalso reminded us is, inaddition,oneofthemosttangiblesymbolscultural language playsindefiningwho we are asindividuals.Language Peoples in1996,reminds usofthecriticalrole that was quotedintheRoyal CommissiononAboriginal his statementby Ojibwe elder, LouFox, Mary which 92 University 101 93 University 101 of allkinds.Change happensinUni grateful tohave shared 101.I'mvery inthat. the room. Uni 101isaspace forpeopleand for ideasandpushing boundaries discoveries thathave beenmadeandby thepassionforlearning that Icanfeelin questions Ihave beenasked.Ihave lefttheclassroom feeling humbledby the imperialism exists.Ihave beenchallenged andtaughttothinkdifferently by the and cheeringeachotheron as theydebatethequestionofwhetherlinguistic spoken now that they are adults.I have heard each other the students supporting learned from theirgrandmotherandhow muchtheymisshearingthatlanguage I've talkedabout.Ihave hadstudentscometotellmeaboutthelanguage they I have beenaskedforlistsofreadings andmore listsofreadings onthesubjects about asubjectforthefirsttimeandwhoare tothem. consideringsomethingnew connected toexperience.Ihave seenjoy onthefacesofstudentswhoare thinking answers thatstudentsgive toquestionsIposeare alwaysthoughtfulanddeeply probing, urgent,andunexpectedtheyjustkeepcomingcoming. The in 25 years or so of teaching. The questions I get asked in Uni 101 are particularly immediate thaninotherclassrooms, inwaysthatIhaven't experiencedelsewhere in thesubject.In Uni 101,students'engagementiseven more powerful and beings is interesting for most people, which means that students are engaged and tolearn,thinkingabouttherole languageplaysindefiningusashuman always positive underanycircumstances: studentsare ofteneagertounderstand I have been given gifts. Teaching abouthow andwhylanguagemattersisalmost Every timeIhave taughtaclassinUni 101Ihave lefttheclassroom feelingthat words, we thinkabouthow andwhylanguagematters. how languagedoesshapethought,andwhatworldslanguagescontain.In other fighting tomakesure theirrightstospeak own languagesare protected, pressure from globalizationandurbanization,how peoplearound theworldare languages andthousandsofsignedlanguages?),whymanyare under about how manylanguagesthere are (didyou know there are about7000spoken implicated inourlives ashumanbeings,how itdefinesusandwhy. We talk In the Uni 101 classes that I have taught, we think about how language is muchattentiontoitmostofthetime. without payingvery and mourninlanguage.Andyet, formostofus,languageisatoolthatwe use Saki Ola Data society's norms. LOL. of society, likeme)hanging around freely, butcuriousabout and-educate modestandfree-spirited (orcallitgypsy-likes It which aimedtoenlighten- wasagift fortheparticipants, weeks. and teawere available eachsession,twodaysaweek for13 cost,andcoursematerials.Snacks,transportation coffee, wasprovided: waseverything The goodnews food, teaching assistantswhomingledwithusinsmallgroups. student liaisons,program assistants,coordinators and The professors, room wasfilledwithsomeparticipating Program Coordinator, Becky Cory, and-her-team. into-a-serendipity: thewelcoming-session ofUni 102by creates aripplingeffect,thispositive-energy-manifested- beaming withpositive intentionforselfandeachother, it for alongtime. When like-mindedspiritsconnect,hearts at the count of ten to welcome 2016. It kept me bubbled up and waited enjoying ball to descend live music for the crystal that onecanalsohave inMecca orthe Vatican. We waited... T can flyintheopensky." ~Osho light weight oralmostnoweight. Soweightless onebecomes, life, oflove living withavery disappears.One starts -everything all theburden disappears. All onyour heart thefearofdeath, seeinglifeasnon-serious,aplayfulness, "The moment you start Uni 102Student by Saki Ola Data, 102, Winter-2016Emerging-with-Uni Square, New York wasonein-a-lifetimeexperience each other,New “Happy Year” , wishesat Times he soundeffectofmillionspeopleshoutingat 94 University 101 95 University 101 Political Science:Adisciplineto manipulatemywayaround peacefully. living. Economics: To me,itishow tousemytimeand moneyefficientlyinday-to-day life underhypnosisinthe70’s, butgotparanoid. ancestors andmypastlife,as much asIcantakeit.hadtriedgoingintomypast Anthropology: excepteducated folksisnotanobvious virtue theircivilized timidbehaviors. science infocusthisdecade.AlthoughInoticedspiritualawareness inuniversity Sociology: be Influenced by theirexposure. Anyone-can-change! I hadsomepreconceived ideasaboutwhat-thesesubjectswere, andhow I-would- Presently, ofself-identityviasexualityhasbrought social assertion my biases,likesanddislikes,how tooperate underpressure. it willbringchangesinmythinking-and-behavior. Subjected with With this subject, I would like to know the history of my With ofmy thissubject,Iwouldliketoknow thehistory and mybehaviorwillbecomelike-university-trained folks; this education,Iwouldliketoknow myselfalotbetter- Seven subjectslikethecolorsofrainbow important - Sociology, Anthropology, Political Science,Economics, (Violet, indigo, blue,green, yellow, orange, andred) To have standard awareness ofseven important Psychology, Geography, Environmental Studies, on usthrough professionals ofthefield. subjects likethecolorsofrainbow - mixture ofwhichmakeswhitelight. Will enlightenme,educate of knowledge isbeing shined Classy, in-some-sense. make meeducated. V IBG Y OR. S APEGE. The rainbow I amhoping Similarly, experience of Uni 102. My ofpeoplewere anxietyanddistrust alsoemerging duetotherecent approved. Drug pushingcompaniesare too powerful toconfront. but sincethen‘ DC toprotest againstPink Viagra/Flibanserin (FDAhearing2014)and Dr. Thea Cacchioni for menwasagooddiscussion. some hadadverse effects). Sex enhancingpillsforfemalesincomparisontoviagra by manipulatingphysicians(evenpharmaceutical companies push-drugs though We learnedaboutsex,gender, andsexualityissues.It wasasadrevelation that the readings andlectures wasgoodexercise, especiallyinoneortwosentences. in groups. Rules-of-conduct Here isthegistofwhatIamlearningeachweek from theselectures andworkshops remembering, worth for-future-generations. affected mylifeandtheworldIlive in,andwhatIcancontributetomakehistory History: andbewiththecosmicpullindifferentlive forcomfort seasons. mentally! I'dliketofindoutifthere are energy andwherevortexes onearth to While me. to know how otherbeliefsystemsare, andhow dothesebehaviorsresonate with Philosophy: society andculture. doubts, dreams, falsehoodsandbeliefsthatare really notmine,butimposedby Psychology: later times. to control myemotions,andbeabletochangethesituationsfornow andfor Education: Geography: May provide metheknowledge events thathave of-the-important Will provide metoolstointeractingroups, mytoleranceofothers, I expectthatitwouldprovide mewiththeknowledge to-solve-my In otherwords, itwillgive meideastothinkrationally. Iwouldlike Addyi’, another It wouldshow meideasofmylocationinlifephysically-and- shared herexperienceofwhenshewent to Washington, in thegroup were mutuallyagreed. Summarizing for women has been forwomenhasbeen sex-enhancement drug won, 96 University 101 97 University 101 by society using key elements: surplus and opportunity cost.Ithinkweby societyusingkeyelements: surplusandopportunity The economic wayoflookingatthe world isthrough thechoicesmade enlightened, andtaughtthat thewholeofhumanityis-one-family. in the70’s. Istillthinkloving-and-sharing wouldwork ifwe allbecome but invain. In British Columbia,Iwasinvolved trade system inthebarter Several systemsinsteadofmoneyexchange, timespeoplehave triedbarter the mostbenefits. principle ofeconomicandcapitalsystems.Thetop thepyramidcollects as aflawed capitalistsociety. In addition,street-drug-trade appliesthebasic The disciplineof theEconomics inasimilarfashion views Western world power andresources ofanysociety, especially duringelections. Universities are involved withrevealing politicalevents anddistributing analysis ofpoliticalactivityandbehavior, task. isanimportant are madecollectively indemocraticsocietiesby individualschoosing.The product of my environments, as well as education. Political decisions, thus flexibleandcomplex,mythoughtsbehaviorsarenature the isvery respectively,departments, enlightenedusfortwoweeks. Ifoundthathuman Simon Glezos andDavid Scoonesfrom thePolitical Science andEconomics I hopeSOMEONEisenjoying it.Better thanI. Makes me upset-and-distrusting ofhumans! Makes me upset-and-distrusting "I trust mydogmore "Itrust thananyhuman!” Two oftheUS-valued papersIwrapped House helpworkers have beenharping There my Help foldsit-organizes. Everyone hasaprice,Iconcluded. Around the(Bridgeticket prize) Put itinhalfpant;Forgot, Money-&-valuables Endup inlaundry. Someone hadsaid, For-a-while-that It wasnotthere. (Before present time countedfrom 1950) A stoneknife dated 11,000BP Found in1998 Professor Quentin andhisteam Bears were alsopresent 14,500years ago First Nation peoplewere flourishing Around Paleoamericans (pleistocene-times) Charlotte) or Tllsda Gaagwii Xaadagaay. of bone,wood,andstonewhileworking inHaida GwaiiIsland (akaQueen that theKilgiiGwaaysiteduringexcavation produced 4,000lithicartifacts Dr. Quentin Mackie, from theUVic ofAnthropology Department revealed for one,longwaits...you mayaswell die,butit'sokayfor-the-rich. a societythanintheindividual.Perfect system?No. Our BChealth system as leverage points. Paradigm is the source of the system. It is harder to change It canresult inmajorchangeseverything. small-intervention isalsoknown We learned about the systems analyses, and their various drawbacks,where rapidly changeseconomicconditions-of-the-society. are livinginanuncontrollable worldwhere changeinmoderntechnology Specially duringfirstecoNOmic session Carried him away;while I conclude:ifithasto During secondsession Time loss-oursocial A classmatefainted- Six to peoplerushed prescription Allergy. We hadtomove to happen, itwould. we gotoffoutside a different room help, stretcher It happened interaction! 98 University 101 99 University 101 human Paleolithic in Europe. art In additiontoNorth we have Americanancient-art, recorded findingsof What doyou say? I have mixed feelingaboutit Into Canadian“normal” society Some thinktheyshouldassimilate But somethinkdifferently andtried, Iwitnessedviasun-dancingatCourtenay, BC Native culture isalive andliving ofFirsttracing history Nation people. during three years expedition Located now atSkigate museum Genevieve VonPetzinger, a PhD student It wasfun-learning-children’s-way. pieces ofourchoice(seepicture below). showed usmanydrawingsonthewallsinEuropean sites,andwe copiedthe A mousehadoncetakenabodeinmysevilleearly 80’s I brought home withmyunfinishedmunchies “It's you your doitonyour Karma, conscious Beyond my-value-system, Itold themanager. When it was stolen in Calgary andfoundin When itwasstoleninCalgary Free room-and-board. Thesetastymunchies where awildrat from Gorge seahastaken -pestornopest."He justwalkedaway. Is lifeteachingmealessonofsome sort? Saves someforlater, behindthefridge. Some illustration of35,000years ago She munches,tears-papersand But, thisoneisnotthatbad. parking lot in Vernon city. It allhappensinthedark. I cannotkillanylife from-Uni102-class 100 University 101 101 University 101 Geography &Environmental Studies by Ken Josephson I payingthrough? Unhappiness andanxiety orsimplyby notBEING. Am do Ihave potentialguiltonmyconsciousnessasbeing-part-of-the-society? acting asaself-plaintiff. My concernisbecauseofthesewrongfulconvictions playgrounds, I experienced that inthe80’s inthe Vancouver Supreme Court tomeare Courts legal in criminalcases,butonlycivilCanadian-Courts. up executed. It isgoodtoknow thatpolygraphfindings-are-not accounted for whichaffectsinnocentsaccused,who-may-end- memory-and-misinformation, with-games. She sure hasbrought somechanges to ourjustice-systemregarding Psychology sessionby Dr. Elizabeth Brimacombe belong. Later, we worked together in a small group and expressed our feelings whereclearing chairs aside,intheclassroom, inaplaceon earth we feltwe happened tobeanotherrefreshing educationalsession. We grounded ourselves, O’yes, one-more-piece-of-good-news forour TENTH ANNIVERSARY During-the-recent-UVSS-election, itpaidoffingetting67% YES. The positive-energy we putinthevideoandsoliciting The positive-energy Maybe theseprintsmayhave someeffectonthe rat. Of-my-life whileemergedinUni 102,thesedays. Life’s fouressentialsandinteraction withpeople Credit goestocoursecoordinator andtheteam. And settrap various placesintheapartment. Finally, managercamewith pestcontrol And shows onyoutube &atIMAX. Food andexercise; pillsandmusic However, IaminJam. Now. Are fifth-and-sixth directions At Uni 102,thesocialtimes wasinteresting- Bridge game atrec centre. Bank visits tosave some. With 4Klaserprojectors Keeps tohimself,mostly. And new-IMAX-screens andDr. Cam Owen On-facebook and At dinnertime learning- about being at a location on other maps that were on the table. We chose a location and related short stories to each other about the place of our choosing. The two harmonious facilitators gave us a very informative tour of the campus where we saw native yew trees and a building, which used to house the Gordon Head Jam factory from 1911-1945.

It-was-FUN. No matter how hard we try, some things just don’t align. Enjoy now, love-and-serve-every-one including yourself-unconditionally! Jewels of Sociology: Declaration of independence has no understanding by half the world What is up must go down and working class gains the victory We have Freedom to make our colonies and communities Societies must articulate good and bad My identity is defined by my behavior and description of self and by others Global and local issues relate and intermix Healthy people do not need society’s approval for question mating, raising children and die Live in Now without illusion and becoming disillusioned Religion is manmade and power tool to control meek folks everything on Marriage is a working contract Difference between sexes are created by culture and society a deeper level Sexuality is a belief about the physical body and do not take ideas at face value. - Bruce, Uni 102 Student University 101

102 Jodylynn Welsh other classmates doesn’t you canalwayshelp them out.It’s teamwork. That if you know something that one of your Uni 101andUni 102gave measenseofcommitment and It alsotaught methere's nowrong answers. something badenoughyou’d findawaytomakeithappen. late togobackschool.It alsotaughtmeifyou wanted me achancetoseewhatinterests meandthatit’s nottoo the goalsI’d setformyself. Uni 101andUni 102alsogave also gave methatchancetofollow through withsomeof needed sodesperatelyinmylifeatthispointtime. It it gavemeaningandpurpose,somethingthat I menew right awayIfeltlikebelonged.Alsoby takingtheseclasses and before the classes and it I had paperwork started I knew got adateandtime and showed up, filledoutalltheproper with the people who set up the information seminars. So I for Uni 101andUni 102.So Idecidedtogetincontact And oneday, out of theblue, I sawaninformation sheet life andnotgive uponmyself. the bestwaytoremember herwouldbetogetonwithmy wouldn’t have wantedmetogive uponmyself. Irealized myself andlifeitself. Thenonedayithitme:mydaughter circumstances, thedeathofmydaughter, Ihadgiven upon wanted tobeacceptedintothesecourses;dueunforeseen in theseprograms. Forchance toparticipate solongIhad M Uni 102Student Jodylynn Welsh,by My experience inUni101and102 I wasacceptedsogratefultogetthe amazing. When Ihadgottenthecallthat y experienceofUni 101andUni 102was 104 University 101 105 University 101 experience. So IthankUni 101andUni 102forbeingabletogive mesuchawonderful forever now. and Uni 102 were able to teach me that. That’s alife skill I’ll have with me more thanonerightanswerconceptformeandI’m isanew sogladUni 101 withnoonejudging youfor that.Being andthere abletoparticipate being toolstoworkmany new withinandoutofclassI’ll alwaysbesograteful with others.So I'dhave tosayUni 101andUni 102were abletogive meso not aboutwho’s rightorwrong, it’s aboutteamwork andbeingabletowork Chloe Seguin solace inknowing thattheywillbe backagainsoon. thatit’sand tellseveryone time togohome.However, Ifind shutsthemusic offkind oflikewhensomebody attheparty Well, Ididfeelalittledisappointedseeingthem allleave - it quiteamazingtoseeamurder ofcrows leaving allatonce. Eventually acarcameby andthecrows away. all flew Ifind found somethingtoeat. These sentinelsget replaced by othercrows thathave already acting assentinelsfortherest ofthem. all onthelawn,twoorthree ofthemare highin the trees a morseloffoodtosatisfytheirhunger. Well ok,they’re not technique asIcanseesomeofthemare happytohave found over hoping to find worms. This is obviously an effective approach fallen leaves, graboneintheirbeaks,andflipit of crows hasgathered andtheyare alllookingforfood.They Oaks onthe property. On the lawna murder (100 or more) sprinkling ofleaves thathave fallenfrom themanyGarry had beenthere acoupleofdaysagoandnow there isalight next door. What Inoticeisanamazingsight.Thegardeners the yard. Ipauseamomentandwatchwhatisgoingon It isanicewarmfallafternoon,andI’m busycleaningup choices, butcrows seemedto appealtomyspiritualside. person thenwhatwouldIbe?There were acoupleof A Uni 201Student by ChloeSeguin, Eating Crow doesn’t addup, andifIcouldn’t comebackasa thought about the concept and realized something fter asmallgroup discussionaboutreincarnation, I 106 University 101 107 University 101 on. Afterthisthecrows calmeddown andeventually theyallleft. thought itmightbe.At thatpointthe hawkleftitscatchbehindandmoved before the hawk decided it was not exactly the quiet leisurely lunch that it their disdainatwhatthey could see.This went onforaboutfive minutes it wasgoingtohave anicequietlunch. Well thewhole murder wasexpressing the middleoftree wasahawkthathadcaughtcrow; thehawkthought Oak treeGarry intheneighbor'sbackyard, alotofnoisewasemanating.In On anotheroccasion,whenIwasworking outsideintheyard, there, inthe on crow. the centre ofattentionamurder ofsquawkingcrows wasahawkfeasting to them.Eventually mygaze focusednearthecore ofthetree. There itwas,at disturbing the toneandloudnessofsquawkingthatsomethingwasvery all facingthecentre ofthetree andsquawkingloudly. It wasobvious from that have gathered inoneoftheneighboringtrees forthisoccasion.They were Well maybelifeisn’t atleastnotforthemurder alwayswonderful, ofcrows appreciate someofthewondersworld. really wasahighlyspiritualmomentinmylife.One thatmade mestopand I stoppedandtookinthemoment.felthonoured tobeattheirparty. It vocal aboutannouncingtheirarrival.very To me,thiswasanamazingsight. above the hill that I am climbing, and they were all swirling around, being murder ofcrows inabigstream are comingfrom whatseemsliketheheavens that Ihave ever seen.Likethecrows hadbeenlaunched outofacannon, up tothetopoftrail. Well Ilookuptooneofthemostamazingsights share alittlemore. Now I’m abouthalfwayupthehill,andIpauselook guess Icanshare alittlewithkindred spirit.Thenanothercrow shows up, I of theShelbourne Valley. Acrow takesnoticeofwhatI’m eating.Okay, I the trailthatleadsawayfrom thebackof Timmies, the Timmies intheheart bar. tosnackonacoconutandfruit start I’m towalkupthehill,on starting somegroceries,I findmyselfwalkinghomefrom andI thestore carrying watch thewildlifeinmyneighbourhood. onwithlife,and withbriefpauseswhere andwhenIcanstop just carry I wouldliketocomebackasacrow. However, atthispoint,I’m happyto ofit.If reincarnationthe spiritualconnectionIfeelisabigpart doesexist, wild creatures, andtheywillattackifprovoked orfeelingthreatened. Maybe my fascinationwiththesewildanimals.Iforgetsometimesthatare So whyisitthatI’m sofascinatedby crows? Maybe onedayI’ll understand to lethimknow thathewasn’t welcome intheneighborhood. time myfriendcameover allthecrows intheneighborhoodwouldcomeby I’m pretty sure thatthecrows were happyaboutthisdecisionbecauseevery four years laterthatthetimecametomove from thathouse. When we left decided thatmaybeclimbingthetree wasnotagoodidea. Well itwasabout were lettinghimknow thathewasnotwelcome inthetree. At thatpointhe at him.By thetimehewasten feetoftheground thewholemurder ofthem he gotfive feetoffthe ground there hadtobefifty crows inthe treesquawking needs nicely. So myfrienddecidedtoclimbthetree andseewhat’s up. Before don’t loosealltheirfoliage inthewinter, sothisbigArbutustree suitedtheir pretty sure thatthere were eggsinthenest. Typically, crows nestintrees that crows decidetolethimknow oftheirpresence. It wasspringtime,soI’m Another timemyfrienddrops by tovisitandasheisexitingthecarsome 108 University 101 109 University 101 survivor. her condition.She alsousesoxygen andsheisa13year male erection wasasideeffect! My sistertakesviagrafor - hypertension initially meant for treating pulmonary andLeonoreHartley Tiefer, failstomentionthat Viagra was The paper, "The Pushfora 'Female Viagra" by Heather need tobekeptaccountableprotect mankind. opiate. There needstobeboundariesandthesecompanies for promotion oftheirproduct, e.g.oxycontin, which isan companiesareThe drug givingoutfree educationintrade Uni 102Student by Parmjit Thiara, CompaniesEducation andDrug

the

it Thiara it j Parm Jamie Dopp of Bob Dylan, and invite the class to sing (and quack) along with of BobDylan,and invitetheclasstosing(and quack)alongwith song, totheclass. Iplayguitarandharmonica, doanimitation I beginmyfirstclass by singing"Five Little Ducks, "achildren's' point intheirlives. themselves. Almostallofthemwillhave writtenapoem atsome than theyrealize themselves. Anumberofthem willbepoets the studentswillalready -more, know perhaps, alotaboutpoetry My secondassumptionisthat,despitetheirnegative experiences, attempt tostudyithasmadethemfeelstupid. or that at some point (say, in a high school English class) the Students willoftentellmethattheydon'tunderstandpoetry inthepast. - willhave hadnegative experienceswithpoetry to poetry. Many of them - like the students in my other courses orresistant that thestudentsare fearful likelytobesomewhat is classeswithtwoassumptions.Thefirst I beginmypoetry University 101itself. saysquitealot,Ithink,about experience ofteachingpoetry University 101,Ihave taughtanintroduction topoetry. My of English. My area ofspecialtyisCanadianliterature. For In myregular job, IamanAssociateProfessor intheDepartment I'veOther talkedtotellmetheyfeel thesameway. instructors told, Ifeelsometimesasifgetmore outofitthanthestudents! be gratefulforit.At times,truth Ifeel very has beenwonderful. towork ataplacelikeUVic.for mygoodfortune Theexperience a goodwaytogive somethingbacktothecommunityinreturn extension ofothervolunteer work thatIdo. It alsoseemedlike responsibility. Teaching inUniversity 101seemedlikeanatural beginning. Ibecameinvolved atfirstoutofasensesocial I have been involved inUniversity 101,offandon,sinceits Poetry Instructor by Jamie Dopp, University 101 110 University 101 111 University 101 those idealsina specialway. education isa"practiceoffreedom." University 101,itseemstome,embodies hooks writes about how the classroom is "a location of possibility" and that, ideally, One ofmyown teachingidolsistheAmericanwriterandeducator bellhooks. be abletodo. taking onachallengethat,formanyofthem,issomething theynever expectedto moved by theintensedesire thatthestudentshavein tolearn,andby theirbravery presentedgratitude fortheopportunity by thecourse-issoimmediate.Iamalways as aprofessor. Thepaybackfrom thestudents-informof theirexcitement and For myself, teachingUniversity 101isoneofthemostrewarding thingsIhave done they encounter. lasting (andperhapsmore lasting)thanthespecificcontentof various subjects realize they had.Asenseofpersonalpossibilitycomesoutthisthatisatleastas grows. Students, Ithink,oftendiscover resources inthemselves thattheydidn't the different subjectareas -andthedifferent professors -theirsenseofconfidence abouttheirownexcited uncertain abilities,butastheyencounter butalsofearful, says alotaboutUniversity 101itself. Thestudentsoftencomeintothecourse As Isaidabove, Ithinkthatwhathappensduringmyweek ofteachingpoetry poems. things from thestudentsthatsurprisemeandaddtomyown understandingofthe reading techniques.Thediscussionisalwayslively andimpassioned. Ioftenhear andpracticingsomeclose the class,introducing themtodifferent kindsofpoetry After the"Five LittleDucks" discussion,Idomore obviously academicthings with poem canyieldsucharichsetofmeaningsifexaminedincareful enoughway. realize thattheyalready know quitealotaboutpoetry, andthateven thesimplest of writingtoday. Invariably, theclassbecomesquite animated,especiallyasthey origins of poetry, is still such a popular way and what it suggests about why poetry what makes"Five LittleDucks" apoem,whatsuchpoemcantellusaboutthe me. We ofanhourdiscussingthesong. thenspendthebetterpart We talkabout Students, I think, often discoverStudents, often Ithink, resources inthemselves that they didn't realize they had. realizethat theydidn't had. Lynn-Eve Freeman to balancethe lossesandgainsdidn’t allow metoproperly privileged tohave. Ihave cometorealize thatalwaystrying challenge, butIwasalwaysaware ofthemanygainswe were Coping withthereality ofmany, manylosseswasa unsettling senseofhavingbeendisplaced. worry, fear, loneliness, feelingunbearablyhomesickandan constantcompanions- ever-presenttinged withmynew at the prospect roots, of establishing new but always beginningsand excitementcoupled withachancefornew This wasoneofthemostheart-wrenching events ofmylife, sight ofitwas. of theSouthern Cross andImisshowgrounding the very even now. At night,Iglanceupandsubconsciouslythink of theAfricansky. Thenightskyisstillunfamiliartome, Even the sky in Canada is a different blue to that deep blue different hemisphere. a move whichalsohappens tobeina toanothercountry and the temperateweather,the heat andparcel of is part wayoflife,thefamiliar,longing, forthatold,comfortable asitsooftendoes,andthelonging,always curveball Unforeseen challenges, financial hardship, lifethrowing a provedcertainly tobeallthat…andmore. T Uni 102Student by Lynn-Eve Freeman, OhAfrica Africa, stable future forhertwosmallchildren. Canada inorder ofbirth toprovidecountry asafer, more his isthelamentofamotherwholeftherbeloved 112 University 101 113 University 101 the new orderthe new and many hundreds of thousands of people have not seen their of thecountry. Thesocioeconomicdividehasincreased, not decreased under and an evencorruption higher crime and poverty rate has eroded the fabric many welcome, andlong-overdue changes have occurred inthecountry, that itwasindeedtheright decisiontomakeformychildren andI. While It isbecomingapparent viasocial media andreading online newspapers government. white saddened meandevoked angerattheinjusticesofruling was neverwith the laws of the land and comfortable the racial inequalities doubted thatthesituationwouldimprove I ofmybirth… inthecountry Providing asafehaven formychildren wasmyoverriding concernandI stupid. we were courageousorvery eithervery in Canada.Andhere we were! Hello Canada! We wouldjokeatthetimethat No job, nofunds,family-justabeliefthatwe could,no,would'makeit' out ofthecountry. Translation: almostnomoney. emigrated, thegovernment ofthedaypermittedlimitedfundstobetaken were leftbehind,except forthemostimportant littlemoney.and very Allthosethingsthatawomanholdsdeartoherheart later) andarrived in Vancouver withmytwoyoung children, asuitcaseeach treasures (which arrived to great excitement in two small crates 3 months I leftbehindalovely precious home,allmyworldlypossessionsbarafew anyone else besidesmychildren addedtomyfeelingofdisplacement. much rain(!),lonelinessandlackoffamily, with friends,orashared history The combination ofthelacksunshine andabundanceofgrey skiesandso hardship. great advancements intechnologyandsocialmediaforhelping tolessenthis Leaving familyandfriendsbehindwasperhapsthehardest ofall.Ithankthe was, andis,anunwelcome monkeyonmyback. grieve leavingmybeloved, beautifullandandthefeelingofbeingdisplaced -mytwochildren. When I is incalculable The value ofwhat my children andIgained children played hockey, soccer, andlacrosse. rugby Iwasthe Mom who lived Gretzky at ahockeytournament. We learnttoice skate,ski,snowshoe. My Pavel Bure in astore thatyear incalculable attached, bothgoodandbad.The value ofwhatmychildren andIgainedis land andbeautifulprovince. But with allchoices,there are consequences and thenegatives are faroutweighed by thebenefitsoflivinginthisgreat like many refugees do.torn country I made an informed, deliberate choice becauseofgovernmentcountrymen, policies. Ididnothave toleave awar- I did not have to leave in the dead of night, like some of my fellow and itopensupconversations quiteeasilyattimes. itisinapositive way.me apart, People are genuinelyinterested inmyorigins immigrants who have language and race barriers. While my accent stillsets have Ihave avisible marker theutmostrespect tosetmeapart. forother another languageinorder tofitin. Having whiteskinmeantthatIdidnot variety of reasons. English ismymothertongue,soIdidnothave tolearn Perhaps IfounditeasiertosettleinCanadathansomeimmigrants,fora unfair andtotallyunbalanced.It saddensme,leavingmewithmixed feelings. lawandordercorrupt systemhasarisenfrom onethatwasharsh,race-driven, lot improve. anda Theeconomyisheadingforacrisisofepicproportions and becamehookedasafamily time allaround. Never havingeven seenagameon ice,we immersed ourselves Canuck-feverCanuck flagsflying abounding.everywhere, Itwasan exciting We arrived in Vancouver inMay, 1994.Slap-bang duringtheplay-offs. free, economicallystablecountry. - the opportunities arethe opportunities still endlessandexciting inafirstworld, - -we were soexcited. We even met Walter we allremain staunchCanuckfans. We saw 114 University 101 115 University 101 Oh Canada.Ithankyou. I amindeedstrong andfree. the giftofbeingstrong andfree. -andhaving(andappreciating) land-thegreat north formynew true heart Oh myhomeand native landIdohave Canada…whilenottruly aglowing our lives here. African food'whenwe gettogether. We remember ourroots, butwe embrace played lacrosse forSFU My children are now grown up. Theyboth attended university. My son practices andgames.It wasfun! at thearena, winterandsummer, toaccommodateicehockeyandlacrosse - we became 'Canadianized'. We eat'goodoldSouth Kathleen Cameron To feelthatone hasdoneone’s sacred jobwell. As aparent myself, I understandthelonging My toyou. answer wasimportant You askedmeifIhadahappychildhood. Regrets lost. ofopportunities Some thingsyou wouldchangeifyou could. Memories of afamily that loved too much andfar too little. Happy times,difficulttimesapart… And forthistimeIwillbeforever grateful. It isbittersweet. A kindofclosure forusboth,Ithink. Are bothsadandhappyforme. Conversations we are havingnow, inthis,your lastyear But we bothknow itwon’t be. “Everything willbeOK." I heldyour handandsaid My small,frail,father. And thebetrayalofyour body. Your tearsoffearandterror ofwhatliesahead The CancerClinic. The windsofchangeblowing hard. Another rainyday. And itwas. My big,strong, father. “Everything willbeOK." You heldmecloseandmyhandsaid Tears offearandterror ofgettinganeedle. A doctor’s office.Iwasfour. A rainyday. Uni 102Student by KathleenCameron, Winds ofChange 116 University 101 117 University 101 To care foronewhocared formewhenIwassmall. I canonlysaythatithasbeenanhonour And Ifeelwe are forever joinedinourmemories. Although you have doubts, Iamsure we willmeetagain. Soon waysandcontinueonourseparatejourneys; we willpart Mark Ewart I Uni 102Student by Mark Ewart, The Day that MyLife Changed time I have shared my experience in writing. I feel that the of my ability. I would like to mention that this is the first that experience,Iamgoing toshare withyou tothebest to thegateofheaven andcameback. What happenedin that Iwasoutofmybodyforabout10minutesandwent I wasunderthewallforabout5-10secondsbutitseemed severely.muscles inmybackvery my spine and pull the I had a wall fall on me and crush out-of-body experience. 40 miles away from the nearest hospital and experienced an with dad's company.southern Alberta I was seriously injured the ageoften.By thetimeIwas 18Iwasframinghousesin I worked for myfather’s at companystarting construction someday.a livingfrom art techniques.ThatisthefirsttimeIprayedfew Icouldmake In classand wastaughta highschoolIwasabletotakeart building thingsthatwere likesignsandairplanes. artistic, In gradeschoolItookshopclassandspentalotoftime army men,cowboys andIndians etc. boy scouts. I remember spending hours playing with figures, inSunday schoolandat pottery school,alsoinelementary when Iwasabout5-6years old.Iremember making drawing ahouseandfarmyard over andover again drawing when Iwasa youngstarted boy. I remember 118 University 101 119 University 101 tunnel withjust alightattheend.Icould really sensetheincredible speed by, then quicker and quicker they moved until all of sudden there was a dark Suddenly I was moving through spaceatagreat speedwithstarsslowly passing faith Icouldmustersaid wanttobethere! place. Ichoseastar, notanybrighterorlargerthenother, andwithallthe as you know there are starsupthere afew andboy didIwant togoagood Jesus, afirm voice exclaimed, “Lookup!”Ichoseastar! Whatatestoffaith, should Igo?Andprayed forhelplikenever before! AssoonasIthought arrived at! Again I asked for help and thought, Jesus, what should I do, where confused,tothepoint of unbelievable horrorbecame very attheplaceIhad them, butnotinspace!Istoppedapanicthinkingthis isimpossibleand Before I it I was I speeding knew through the clouds and into the area above to move insteadof walking.IthoughtOH.went upthere andlookedup. what todonext!Irealized thatIcouldmove mypositionby simplythinking for help. As soon as I thought of Jesus I would be able to make a decision on became soscared from notknowing whattodo,Iremembered toaskJesus was suddenlyin.Iabletobarely acceptwhatwasgoingonbutwhenI to concentrateonnothavingaemotionalbreakdown from thesituationI and noted I could see normally. I felt nothing physically but I was having men standingaround thewallbarely moving inslow motion.Iglanceddown sudden Iwasabout20ft.above thescenelookingdown onthewalland pain andabsolutefearasmyworldwent grey andthenblack thenallof weight pushing me down towards and then suddenly excruciating the earth I remember seeingtheground cominguptomyfaceandfeeling aunmovable collapsed my lungs, pulled the muscles in my back around my stomach area. bent inhalf. my11th-12ththoractic vertebrae, Thatmoment,Ihadcrushed and neck,drivingmyheadbetween legsandintotheground withmybody the wallwhenitstuck, slipped onitsfoundation, and fell on myshoulder to raise the wall up and then nail it in place. There were 5 of us pushing We hadjustfinishedframinganoutsidewallofahouseand were about share this! reason I’ve been given in Uni this opportunity 101-102 is that I am able to I thenasked“can Italktoyou again?”I wasanswered with“through prayer I thenasked"who are you?" AndIwasanswered “justfor you, Jesus Christ!” "explain whatyou experiencedhere andyou will betakecare of!" again?!Immediately onEarth Iwasansweredlike this,couldIsurvive with screaming, "Nooooo Iwanttogoback."How, afterexperiencingsomething from Instantly thegatesofheaven andonmywaybackto earth. Ireacted by happened andthatthere out waslifeafterdeath.At thatmomentIwasthrust that Imissedherandafterexperiencingthiswanted totellherthatthis thought ofmygirlfriendatthetime. When Ithoughtofherremembered when Iwasababy. Ithoughtofmygrandmotherinyouth andIsuddenly here." Asmylifeflashedbefore myeyes, I remember thinkingofmymother means nothing.Think of your lifeand thelove you experiencedand enter could react, avoice knowingly spoketomeandsaid,"don’t Mark, worry time toprocess thisexperiencebutbefore I I immediatelypanickedwhiletrying looking atmewithalookofunderstandingandfairness. looked upIsawabeautiful10-12ft.angelstandingwithher/hisarmscrossed and focusedmysighttoseeabrilliantlywhitefootplantedjustbehindme.I of movement. I immediately noticed that light in my peripheral line of sight I wasinasafeplacewithnophysicalfeelingswhatsoever, butultrafreedom I’ve never experiencedbefore orsince.Iwassohappyandsecure Ifeltlike right hand side of God! I immediately had a euphoric feeling of wellbeing like on allthelove you experiencedinyour lifeandbeplacedaccordingly tothe voice said “calm down, it’s okay, you madeittoheaven Mark! Concentrate floating inaniridescentlightatthegateofheaven!! Iknow thisbecausea and move fastertowards thelight,whensuddenly Wham! Istoppedandwas in my life! AsIdid this Ibegantoincrease speedand straighten rightout concentrate onthelightaheadofmeandtothinkalllove Iexperience and straightenedmeoutinsidethetunnelatsametimetoldto was abouttohittheothersideoftunnelwhenlightmoved forward waiver insideofthistunnelalmosthittingtheside. I over-compensated and me andatthesamespeed.Imoved to mysighttolookbehindandstarted I wastravelling andalsothatIwasinfront ofalighttravelling justbehind 120 University 101 121 University 101 still learningaboutmyhigherpower alltheseyears andmiracleslater! for being here. Thisismy first time I’ve written aboutthis experience and I’m wanted to. I believe what happened that day changed my life and my reason ladder for40milesseverely injured butknowing Iwasgoingtolive ifIreally of me!!!Ihadtotravel down road inthebackofacar layingona adirt So Iprayed tobeinmybody andsuddenlytheywere liftingthewalloff hovering above mybodyinatotalpanicasusual. and theHoly Bible Icancommunicateanytime!”Thenallofsuddenwas Riga Godron under The Mental Health Act anddetained atthe Royal From October 18,2014,thedateon whichIwasarrested a mentalillness. which deniesthehumanrights ofindividualslabeledwith justified by theapplication oftheBC Mental Health Act, election campaignasplanned. Alloftheseindignitieswere to mychildren andprevented amayoral from running x-ray andtreatment forasprainedtoe.Iwasdeniedaccess resulted intheneedforan foot wastrampled.Thisinjury in aroom, hadmyclothingcutoffbody, andmyright Hospital securityofficers,andhospitalstaff.Iwaslocked emergency room by a Victoria Police officer, Royal Jubilee Health Act, andthatdayIwasforcibly confinedinthe a judge issued a warrant for my arrest under the Mental search ofmy premises without a warrant. October 18,2014 front door when I wasnot home, and conducted a five hour 2014 the Victoria Police forced mylandlord tounlockmy As aconsequenceofbeinglabeledBipolar, onOctober 17, ill, whichsuppresses theircivilliberties. behaviour, marginalizingtherightsofthoselabeledmentally liberty." Themedicalprofession hasmedicalized acceptable by Merriam-Webster, includes“enjoying civil and political free societyinCanada.Thedefinitionofbeing free, asgiven this law, Iwouldventure tosaythatwe donotlive ina T Uni 102Student by RigaGodron, Medicalization population, thementallyill.In due to largepart power over analready oppressed segmentofthe he Mental Health Act isintendedtoexert 122 University 101 123 University 101 and democraticourCanadian societyis. undemocratic. If we closelyexaminethislaw, we mayquestionjusthow free Paternalistic powers conferred by theMental Health Act are unjustand illness." “patientin mychart, lackstheinsighttofocusonherrecovery from mental away from thehospitaltoattendanallcandidatesmeeting, staffwrote patient has an enlarged sense of entitlement, ” when I asked for a day pass campaign asa‘delusion ofgrandeur’, “this thenurseswrote inmychart, thepsychiatristobservations: whowasatthereview panelcitedmymayoral subjected, Iwasnotsurprisedtoread inmymedicalrecords thefollowing Due tothenature ofsubjugationwithwhichmentalpatientsare routinely marks. ofmybodyandthey documented the evidenceby photographingthe parts visitors. My over that I still had unhealed bruising visitors observed many Two weeks aftermyintakeatThe Royal Jubilee Hospital, Iwasallowed occurrence took place for several days until I was placed on the open ward. that thenursecouldcomeintoadminister medication. Thisnearlyhourly use physicalforce toslammeagainsttheconcrete floortoimmobilize me,so came intotheseclusionroom inthepsychiatric intensive care unitandwould I wasdetainedattheRoyal Jubilee Hospital, thesecurityguards routinely was dischargedthree weeks later, mybodyhadswollento225pounds. While significant weight gain.I weighed 145poundsuponadmission,andwhenI doses ofamedicationcalledOlanzapine, whichhasaknown sideeffectof amnesia,andheavysedation.Iwasalsoforced totakelarge temporary forced againstmywilltobeinjectedwithmedications,causinghallucinations, found mehealthyenoughtobereleased commitment,Iwas from involuntary Jubilee Hospital, untilNovember 6,2014,thedateonwhichareview panel O by RigaGodron Euthanasia is tolerableforsomeoneelse? questions: how isintolerablesufferingdefined, andwhogetstodecidewhat physician-assisted suicide.I would liketoseelegislatorsaddress thefollowing cause intolerablesuffering should beincludedinany regulations governing committee recommended thatCanadianswithpsychiatric disorders that against doctor assisted suicide for the mentally ill. Last week, a parliamentary by quotingpeopleprominent inthementalhealthcommunitycautioning access to the same procedure. The Times Colonist article reveals thisbias disabilities accesstotheprocedure anddenyingpeoplewithmentalillnesses evidence suggeststhatthere isabiastoward givingpeoplewithphysical both physicallyandmentallysufferingindividuals;however, inapplication, to ahospital.In theory, thefederalgovernment iswritingthelawtoapply harm tothemselves orothers,thentheyhave theauthoritytotakethatperson indicates thatapersonisdiagnosedwithmentalillnessandpotential because currently section28statesthatifapoliceofficerhasinformation to takeyour own life.The BC Mental Health Act willneedtobechanged provincial government toamendthe legislationthatmakesitillegaltotry By passingright-to-dielegislation, thefederalgovernment willbeforcing the and thementallyill,whoare treated likechildren thatneedtobeprotected. people in Canada: the physically ill, who have the right to self-determination the right to choose when to end their own lives? There are two classes of sick end theirlives. Why shouldthementallyillnothave thefreedom toexercise people withmentalillnessesshouldnotbeeligibletoseekadoctor'shelp plan." The journalist interviewed Lucyplan." Thejournalistinterviewed Waters whoarguesthat on page D1 titled, “Mental-health advocates fear assisted-dying n Tuesday, March 8,2016the Times Colonistranafeature article 124 University 101 125 University 101 she meansthat, thesymptoms,orcondition itselfcanbebettermanaged helpful." By"early treatment ofmentalillnessisvery thiscommentIpresume hearings alsoforthephysically illseekingassisted-dying? Waters saysthat decision making capacity for the mentally ill. Will there also be competency assisted death.In the Times there Colonistarticle, ismentionoftestsfor with amentalillnessare not capableofmakingareasoned decisionabout Waters usesher schizophrenic sonasanexampleandstatesthatmostpeople required tobeevaluated by twopsychiatrists? desire toendtheirlives alsobelabeledasclinicallydepressed and therefore be and hopelessness. Byworthlessness this logic, will the physically ill with the clinical depression: lack of pleasure in previously enjoyed activities, feelings of between suicidalideationanddepression, listingthefollowing symptomsof failstomakethedistinction Canadians. Thejournalistwhowrote thisarticle attitudes toward the suicidal. Currently doctor-assisted suicide is not legal for lawisenacted,societygoingtoneedaparadigmshiftin After thenew suicide, there is a tendency to assume that the person was mentally ill. ideation asasymptomofdepression orotherpathology. If someonecommits There isadeep rooted biasintheprofessionto labelsuicidal ofpsychiatry mental illness,i.e. determined ifarequest forphysicianassistedsuicidearisesfrom aperson's In the Times there Colonistarticle isdiscussionabouthow itwouldbe based ontheirillnesstype. doctor-assisted suicide willhave legalrecourse iftheyare declinedtheservice individuals withphysicalandmentaldisabilities,potentialcandidatesfor Rights and Freedoms states that there should be no discrimination between or mentalphysicaldisability. Consequently, of becauseTheCharter law, regardless of race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age, and Freedoms. Section 15ofthisdocumentdealswithequalityunderthe Act of1982,section(80)Part ofRights I,containsTheCanadianCharter treated differently justbecausetheyhave adifferent illness." TheConstitution "we knowthe article, that society would not accept that people should be Dr. Sonu Gaind, president oftheCanadianPsychiatric Associationsaysin

sev ere depression, whichcanleadtosuicidalideation. and Icommend hischoice. heights, overcame living, thatfeartoendalifehehaddecided wasnotworth health treatment. I respect the factthatmybrother, whowasdeathlyafraidof brother jumpedoffabuilding,and he never sought or received anymental accept hisdeterminationto successfullyexecute thatplan.My 27-year-old a decisiontonever have toexperiencethatkindoftreatment again,andI receiving mentalhealthtreatment. Iapplaudmybrother's courage tomake My 22-year-old brother hunghimselfaftertheoneandonlynighthespent face forher. knowshe doesnottruly ifhersonisenjoying lifeorjustputtingonabrave never given up. Never." Well goodforher, but sheisnotamind-reader and "He's really enjoying lifenow." ends with Thearticle Waters saying,"We've doesn't know how closehersoncametowantingendhislife.She says, a complicatedabilitytoabideby theseproposed guidelines. Waters saysshe or psychosis. People with this and perhaps other mental illnesses would have Disorder? Theseindividualshave moodscharacterized by eitherdepression to seekassistedsuicide." What aboutpeoplewhoare diagnosedwithBipolar they candeterminewhetherit'ssevere depression orpsychosis drivingthem with allthenuancesofperson'sillnessandtheirfulltreatment history, so Novakovic goes on to say that "doctors making the decision must be familiar and friendswhoare intimatelyaware oftheirlives. oftheday-to-daystruggles however, manypeople(with orwithoutamentalillness)donothave family family andfriendsshouldbeordered totestifyregarding theirdailysuffering; suicide. Novakovic suggeststhatapanelmadeupofthementallyillperson's person withadiagnosedmentalillnesswhowishestoobtaindoctorassisted it isunreasonable torequire twoindependentpsychiatrists toevaluate each mental healthtreatment. If accessingtreatment issonarrowly available, then found thatonlyonein three adults and oneinfour youth were able toaccess from a2012studyby theMental Health CommissionofCanada,which relations coordinator fortheBCSchizophrenia Society, pointstothefindings Unfortunately,by earlyintervention. AnaNovakovic, policyandgovernment 126 University 101 127 University 101 assisted suicideformentallyillpatients. there needstobeexplicitregulations thatcommitphysicianstoperforming forsamesexcouplesasarequirementcivil services oftheiremployment, so Just asmarriagecommissionerswere toldthattheywouldhave toperform theoperation. whether ornottheywanttoperform the procedure ofgettingsterilized, butitisuptothephysiciandecide right tocontrol herreproductive organsandtheMedical Plan Services covers theoperationuntil Ihadthreeperform children. Legallyanywomanhasthe tubal ligationwhenIwasbetween theagesof19and33wouldnot of doctorsplayingGod. Half adozen Obstetricians turnedmedown fora Maritimes, doctor-assistedsuicideinBCisgoingtobeleftupthediscretion I alsoknow inthe thatjustlikenearlynon-existentaccesstoabortions The treatment isnoteffective. There isno cure. that canconclusively diagnoseamentalillness. illness isnotbasedonanyquantitative analysis.There are nophysicalscans half decades since my diagnosis. I know full well that the diagnosis of mental I have Bipolar Disorder, andIhave received treatment for nearly twoanda Diethild Tarso well tailored andfrom wallto as forourbig10we againfillthisgreat hall now goodendingiwishyou toyou avery all we have goodguidesthatfillitallwithshapes democracy isafterallwhywe stilldecoratethisgreat hall so atlantisrisesagainaswe sow andthetall theshort the triangleofgoldthateven now helpsourclothtomold using thefabricoftimeaswe stillneedtomeasure modelstoday like new as hefleesdownrunway searching forafunway the joseph’s coatdoesstill float another goodrhyme as we roll backthetimetofind Uni 102Student Diethild Tarso,by Plato andNatoOf that makeusonceagaintall coatsweand pleatsomeofthenew need 128 University 101 129 University 101 *a car *damascus theroot ofourwriting So itooonedaycanexplore woodenringsinthe “eagle”out ofaustraliacomesthenew andihopeitwillsoonbelegal just thinkhow muchyou candoifyou canactuallyfly and incaseyou don’t know why and usetheactualflyingskateboard toexplore haidagwaii by leavingourlexus*inthecitydust let’s foundwings riseanduseournew now intheageofallcombustingthings the root of ourwrittenword willsometimesstilltakeustocourt which somedamascus*citypeoplenow really need way backthennoneedforspeed for whichthevictoriansstillliketobekissed brings theyear 1824outoftheearlymistwith the discovery ofthesecondlawthermodynamics since ontheroad tocoolandpool much timehaspast,we are now withoutwick as we dig, andsometimeskick we give eachotheragreat hand with thedemocraticunityatend left ittoourgenerationthatnow alsoseparatedmore from spain queen charlottetooafraidoftherain we canstill dive forsome8thousandyear oldstumps in ourknown worldonceagain[oldpetrifiedwoodinwater] Diethild Tarsoby Plato’s Rings gray mistofhaidagwaii’s springs the discovery madeby mrcarnot W. Robert Arnold something is not justright;orright, itisbecause turn onmycritical thinkerbrain. When Igetasensethat ofsixthsensetotellmewhen Imust I dependuponasort isBond. when Sean Connery an enjoyable process where thisisaccomplished,especially one’s abilitytodisbelieve anything.It is,inmyopinion, Bond movie onemustceasethinkingcriticallyandsuspend nordesired. Fornecessary instance, whenwatchingaJames Of coursethere are timeswhencriticalthinkingisneither critical thinkingsegmentofthecoursemost. critically. This,inandofitself, shows methatI value the are now tackedto mybulletinboard toremind metothink of goingaboutcriticalthinking.There were questionsthat What Ilearnedinthecoursewasamore formalized way understanding. and reading withacriticalmindhelpsimmenselyin the pejorative sensebutinthefunctionalsense.Listening Idonotusethewordapproach to everything. criticalin of poorpeople.For thiswork Ihadtobecriticalinmy a lifetimequestioningauthorityandfightingfortherights I have always beenacriticalthinker, Ibelieve. Ihave spent I valued most, andstilldo,isCritical Thinking. one things of fromthem; but the one I think each and every personally. Ihave enjoyed themall and didlearn valuable and 102 andweighing the relative value of themall to me, I have been remembering theclassesthatItookinUni 101 Uni 201Student by W. Arnold, Robert The Most Valuable Learning 130 University 101 131 University 101 young. It willgive themanotherwaytobecomeunbearable. Yes! Don’t waittillUniversity. Teach criticalthinkingwhiletheyare everyone of them.One screaming intoeachear! a picture of one of my parents, who will remain anonymous. Okay! It is both I must admit to sitting here chuckling at the picture that brings to mind. It is about someissue. anger whentheirchildasksthemaquestionthatdemolishes“reasoning” would have to control to deal with childrendifferently their very and try make aboutthepeopletheyhave power over, especiallyparents. Parents appreciate thequestionsthatarisefromofdecisionsthey acriticalview any otherpersonofpower or holderofofficethatexists.Thesepeople don’t The onlypeoplewhowouldobjectbeparents, teachers,priestsor taught Critical Thinking. were thecase.Ialsobelieve theywouldgraduatebetterpeopleifwere might achieve amuchhigherrateofgraduationfrom High Schoolifthis helpful for childrenwould be very in their educational process; and that we continually from grade1inschooltoHigh SchoolGraduation. Ibelieve this Finally, inmyopinion,criticalthinkingskillsshouldbetaughttochildren necessity whenlisteningtopoliticiansofanysort. use mycriticalthinkingskillsmore thanmostpeople.Ithinkit’s anabsolute my criticalthinkingskillsengage.Because Iamapoliticaljunkietendto of that sixth sense. When my nostrils pick up the scent of BS or mendacity, session very welcoming and willing to session make very things as easy as possible for the course. Ifoundthecoordinator andtheothertwopeople,whoput onthis I attended an information session at the University prior to applying for the one ofthewaysinwhichIwas accommodatedduringthecourse. withasmile.Ididneedlittle extratimetoeatmymealsandthiswas served o’clock becauseofmydiabetes.AsitwasIfoundthemealshealthy, tastyand of classes. There went one ofmybarriers asI really needtoeataround six The posteralsoinformedmethatafree mealwasincludedineachevening the oneortwogoodprograms ontelevisionthathappenthose evenings. tutorials typicallyhappenedonThursdaynights.Idecided thatIcouldtape six o’clock tonine,dependingonwhetherthere wasatutorialornot.The run two nights a The course was week from either five o’clock to nine or it andgetbacktoher. aboutitafterIhad completedit.Iansweredarticle thatIwouldthinkabout asked meifIwouldbeinterested inattendingthecourseandwritingan quickly. education.Thatgotmyattention very secondary In thee-mailshe about afree University courseforpeoplelikeme,whohave barrierstopost research it andwriteacolumn about it. One day Janine e-mailed me a poster Sometimes shewouldemailmewithanideaandItakeitup and Iacceptedhersasassignmentsfrom theeditor. would likeatopicIsuggested.In fact,shenever rejected anyideaofmine for mycolumn.Sometimes shewouldsuggestsomethingandatothers the editorofpaper, Janine Bancroft forteaandwe woulddiscusstopics issues, andenjoying theprocess alot.Iwouldfrom timetomeetwith I waswritingacolumnfortheStreetNewz paperaboutAdvocacy andpoverty by W. Arnold Robert My ExperiencewithUni101 132 University 101 133 University 101 writing. Our writtenassignments were read andcommented uponby the In the following weeks we andprofessional tookcreative writing, poetry desk. mind whiledoingtheanalysis. Theseseven questionsare now posted over my analytical process is. We were even provided withseven questions tokeepin magazine. We were provided with a pretty detailed description of whatthe and more. We were askedtoread from andanalyze a criticallysomearticles useful tool,whichIfindmyselfusingmore my naturalskepticismintoavery The first weekofinstruction covered criticalthinkingandallowed metoturn Because weagreed hadallinputintothis,everyone toabideby it. and describedaspacewhere respect, acceptanceand listeningwere necessary. At ournextmeetingwe were handedasheetthatsummarized alloftheideas learning environment we wantedtocreate contributedideas. andeveryone we with. felt comfortable We were asked as well to consider what kind of We were each asked but to only shareas much as a little of our history; computer accountsforourselves. lab andlibrary. We gotpictures takenforourstudentcards andsetupour Our first couple ofnightsconsistedgettingtoknow thepeople,computer care aboutmethatIhadbeenaccepted;andtheyalltold“Go forit!” toituntilIheardlooking forward thatIwasin.toldallofthepeoplewho accepted into the course, I was ecstatic. I did not realize how much I was When Igotthecallfrom thecoordinator informingmethatIhadbeen walked outofthere knowing thatIwouldapply. students. Our questionswere greeted withenthusiasmandanswered fully. I thinking andallowedthinking meto my turn natural The first coveredweek ofinstruction critical skepticism into a very usefultoolskepticism into avery surrounded by poets. One thingthat Idiscovered was that Iwas treatment. onbehalfofallthepeoplewho arewas already subjectedtosuch angry of peoplethatarea. It ontheirbehalf;butthenI didmakemeangry that illustratedtheroles thatprejudice lives andracismplayintheordinary ofthatsociety.that issomuchapart Ienjoyed storieswe read theshort ofthepeopleinChiapas,Mexico,struggle againsttheprejudice andracism In ourtenthweek we learnedaboutMexican literature, whichdealtwiththe exciting andmaywell domore studyinginthatarea. not disapprove theexistence ofGod. Ifoundphilosophychallengingand existed. Ithinksawacoupleofweaknesses inhisargument;but thisdoes could thinkandwent ontoprove, to hisown satisfaction atleast,thatGod wastheguy,segment. Descartes heexistedbecause whosaidthatheknew During thenextweek withRene we struggled in ourphilosophy Descartes love through thiscourse. alive. Iremember whenIwasinschoolandrediscovered loving history that The professors, whopresented theselectures really madetheirsubjects,come Nations history, oftheMiddle EastandthatofancientAthens. thehistory The next three weeks were dedicated to history. We studied West Coast First original work writings by or meaningful other people. I enjoyed it thoroughly. other writings.It went over really well,peoplereading withquiteafew their or our tutorialswasbasedonaninvitationforpeopletoshare theirpoetry in the past justlike me. Onemy classmates wroteof orhad written poetry One thing thatIdiscovered wasthatIsurrounded by poets.Many of suggested by theprofessors andwere mostlybasedonourown lifeexperience. ineachoftheirfields.Thetopicsfortheseassignments wereand expertise professors presenting thelectures. They were sharingtheirenthusiasm 134 University 101 135 University 101 taking thiscourse.Iwassurrounded by heroes. had thecouragetofacetheirbarriersandovercome themintheprocess of proudwho haveofthem. Every surprisedmeandmadevery oneofthem I alsotriedtoexpress myappreciation andthanks tomyfellow classmates, express myappreciation forallofthem. the CompletionCeremony Igave athankyou address inwhichItriedto Atexperience wereandsupportive. helpful,cheerful absolutelywonderful, All ofthepeopleinvolved ingivingmeandmyclassmatesthiswonderful now wantedtogofind. thatexists in of thepublicart Victoria, muchofwhichIhadnotseenand ofthelandscapeoverand becomeacceptedpart time. We discussedsome those spaces. These are quite often controversial when they are first erected, and monumentsthatare putinpublicplaces,oftenpaidforby theowners of Finally, we which drew took a class about public ourattention art, to statues whole experienceofthefilmmuchricher. went about it.Ienjoy doing this analysisaswell anditsomehow makesmy when Iwanttofigure outwhatthe filmmaker wanted totellus and how they The second,whichIhave now itcritically.refined, istoview Thisisuseful setting asidemysenseofcriticismanddisbeliefjustenjoying theride. ways ofwatchingafilm.ThefirstistheoneI have alwaysused,whichentails works oftheprofessor whopresented ofthecourse.Inow thatpart have two In thelasttwoweeks we tookacriticallookatfilmandsawsomeofthe Lou Maclaren When hopeis allyou’re got Try tokeep strong and doyour part Keep faithandhopewithinyour heart Where onecangotofind theirspace Hope isthatquietpeacefulplace Hope isthere asaguidetohelponeunderstand When thedaydidn’t goasplanned One mustcontinuetohave hope To conquerthedownward slope Sun willshine Hopefully andthe onewillsurvive It couldbenow today We mustfacethemsometime Though trialscomeourway Hope willsyou tocontinuesurvive Though onefeelshalfalive And thetasksare gettingtough Sometimes we are given toomuchtobare Life isnotalwaysfair Who suffertohave hope Still we mustencouragepeople That itisdifficulttocope Life canbesostressful attimes and tofightthisunjuststigmathatexists. morale boostertogaintheselfesteemandcourage tohelpheal Ithinktheycouldusea heal from their illnessandjustsurvive. and totry and physicallyillthattheyuseupalltheirenergy People who suffer with a mental illness often feel so mentally Uni 201Student by LouMaclaren, Hope 136 University 101 137 University 101 With hopewe willfighttheunjuststigma Something tolive for For meaninginlifeandhaving Forward withconfidence searching Hope isactive –It meansmoving or waitforgoodthingstohappen Emotion where you wishexpect Hope ismuchmore thananintangible Hope maytakeyou farbeyond Just on doyour besttocarry You stilldohave alot Let kindness - Beverley Liaison Johnson,Student be ourmuse whisper, love 139 University 101

Uni 101students. ThefirsttimeIoffered thisclassIspent my current research onfoodsecurityand sovereignty to trades; andfaminefood(in)security. Ireally enjoy bringing First Nations landquestioninBC;thehistoriesofglobal slave and genderhow theypersistintothepresent day;the Over theyears Ihave taughtclassesoncolonialideasof race oftheuniversitythey arecommunity. part truly More importantly, beingoncampushelpsstudentstofeellike downtown classroom. Themove toUVic simplifiedthings. plates,cups,andcutlery,along withapplecrumble, intothe spot that the would pots allowof chili Ihad made, me to ferry A more vividmemory, tofindaparking though,isoftrying talking totheclassaboutcolonialunderstandingsof‘race.' some from thewidercommunity, wore manyhats.Iremember year members oftheboard, someofusfrom theuniversity and fit. persistently connected–Ifoundthisaperfect In thatfirst historian ofcolonialismandpoverty –twothingscloselyand who wouldn’t have accesstothehallowed otherwise halls.Asan free university courseformembersofthe Victoria community tojoinherincreatingof theHistoryDepartment abarrier- email from KristinSemmens back in2005,invitingmembers I have along attachmenttoUni 101.Istillremember the it istrue. the journalwillsaysame,intheirown words. It’s cliché but issueof contributing tothistenth-anniversary other instructor the mostrewarding teachingI dointhecourseofayear. Every It isclichétosaythatteachinginUniversity 101issomeof InstructorHistory Elizabeth Vibert, by What Uni101 Teaches Me Elizabeth Vibert Elizabeth to my books again and again. to mybooksagain andagain. response. Questions thatcome up in the Uni 101 classroom have me going back learn. Inevitably, Iamaskedquestionsortoldthingsfor whichIhave noready enough. We all leave the room with thesensethatthere issomuchmore to ofwhatmakestheteachingso rich.hour class.Thisispart Two hoursisnever ounceoflearningoutatwo- impatient tounderstand,keenwringevery representative learnerinUni ofalmostevery 101.Students tolearn, are hungry Iwastelling.This student’sat thestory level of engagementwiththematerialis more data.He hadnotbeen glaringatall;hisfacewasregistering hisoutrage more concrete examplesoftheimpactsglobalisation onAfricanagriculture, At break over timethestudentcamerushing tomeaskformore statistics, liberal politicaleconomyandtriedtoavoid hisglancefortherest ofthesegment. corner oftheroom. Iquicklydecidedhedidn’t appreciate mycritiqueofneo- been pushedofftheirlandandoutofwork. Inoticedastudentglowering inthe control of global foodsystemstothepointthatmanysmall-scalefarmershave Another termIwastalkingabouthow internationalcorporationshave taken at home. abstract ideasaboutfarawayplacesmuchmore toanaudiencehere meaningful Students in Uni statistics and 101have ways to makedry helped melearn new deepening foodinsecurityinCanada(it’s worstinmyhometown ofHalifax). food insecurityintheGlobal South, Imakeapointtoincludestatisticsabout Icanread.than allthebooksandarticles Nowadays whenItalktogroups about some of the peoplein this room know more aboutthe causes of foodinsecurity slide. With this simple comment he brought me to ground. Forget the theory: people whoare poorcan’t getatit,’ayoung mansaidwhenIlingered over the was soobvious coursethere’s astonotneedarticulating.'Of nolackoffood.But Forthis isanenlighteningobservation. someofthestudentsinUni 101this is notcausedby lackoffood,butby lackofaccesstofood.For manyaudiences image ofNobel Prize-winning Sen economistAmartya explainingthatfamine economic circumstances thatgive risetofoodcrises.Iputupaslidewithan a longtimetalkingabouthistoricalinstancesoffamineandthepolitical 140 University 101 141 University 101 grateful. grateful. waysofthinkingabout my research.and new For thisIwillbe, as always, very in Uni 101.Iknow Iwillcomeawayre-energised questions andfullofnew insecure –andisit?’Irelish thechancetotalkaboutthismaterialwithstudents I have isAfricapoorand food recently worked upapublictalkIcall ‘Why look. Ice andbarren tundrafigured prominently. people inhercountry. She showed usimagesofhow shehadexpectedCanadato That’s andongoingracialclassdisparity, ajob by history reserved, forblack was richwithinsightintoSouth Africansociety. White peoplepumpgashere? enjoyed theinteractions.Her accountofwhatshefoundsurprisinginCanada you noticetheeffectsofclimatechange? Basani wasonhertoes,andthoroughly who can’t findwork? Are there lionsin your village? Is AIDSstillaconcern? Do shop atsupermarkets orvillagemarkets? Does thegovernment people support your school like? Do you have a job? Do you grow your own food? Do you big are thecitiesinSouth Africa?Are there elephantsinyour village? What was nodoubtguidesthemaswell. How learningopportunity possible outofevery ‘there isnosuchthingasastupidquestion.' Theethicofgettingasmuch setting. Students have enoughlifeexperienceto have really absorbedtheadage No such problem for students in Uni 101. This is anotherjoy of teaching inthis well theywerethought mightseemnaïvevery –thoughIknew fullofquestions. In otherclassesBasani visited,Ifoundstudentsreticent toaskquestionsthey Western andNorthern centredness thanallthewords Icouldmuster. This simplegesture didmore taken-for-grantedassumptionsabout todisrupt place South Africainrelation toMozambique, Namibia, anditsotherneighbours. fascinated towatchBasani turnthemapupside-down, from ourperspective, to discussion aboutperceptions of‘Africa’ inthe West andinthemedia. We were all students’ commitment.Basani’s presence provided anopeningforwide-ranging ‘They already know mostofwhatI’m planningtosay.' Yet more evidence ofthe sketched all over the white boards. My sank when I looked over heart the lists: was given. We arrived tofindmindmapsofstudent responses tothe readings collaborator, Basani Ngobeni,toclass.Basani washumbledby thewelcome she experience ofbringingmy This year Ihadthewonderful South African research Jacqueline P. Ogaard In the representation oftheunknown. you are farstronger andreceptive towhat liesahead... you willnotbealone,andyou canbeassured Please letitbeknown, to whatonewouldgain. looked beyond one'spreconceived reality - well, whatifonelookedat… What if… ataspeed,fartoogreat -andreal… racing towards you… to believe seeing‘her’ willbringallthe‘past’ and theliesonetoldoneselfothers In facingtheliesonewastold nootherpurposethantokeep serve to keepherout The wallsthathave beenbuiltup but I’ll letyou know, your mum’s with you. You maynotknow thisorunderstandhow thiscanbe, andsoulsofherchildren.guiding themtothehearts that theUniverse willembraceherwords with thehopethatshewillbeheard She walksthrough eachday with acknowledgement name, toherbirth Tutton. Uni 201Student by Jacqueline P. Ogaard, A Mother's Prayer could beadauntingtask. and ‘present’ beliefs andmemories you infear andanxiety. 142 University 101 143 University 101 Are you alright? Hello! Where are you? hersoul,cannotholdonany more. Alone, shesobswhenherheart, neitherofhersons. asitis... young manwhohasafamiliarlookabouthim Tears down silentlyrun herfacewhenshehappensacross a andonthebuses,buttonoavail. stores intheparks, she looksforyou amongstthepeopleshepassesonstreet, naturally,And, very withalltheresources atherdisposal. She haslookedforyou, ondelicatestrands. Though, itmaynow rest gingerly, Hope…it is…stillalive. mostwouldnever know her pain. sogreat andsowell hidden, Her loss, ismore thanshecanbear. there are times,wakingupandfacinganotherday Her withdespair soul,socrushed Most sadly, ithasgrown. Grief gripsthismum’s soul.Grief whichhasnotlessenedwithtime. never leaving herthoughtsforlong. Her children are alwayswithher Do notassumesomuch. The reality ofthingsisn’t alwaysas unpleasant and scary aswhatourmindstellus. unpleasant andscary and the opportunity tobeheard. andtheopportunity ofyour time sheisdeserving Your mum, thatyou mayfeelfree andsafetospeak your truths. and inaskingthis thatwilllistenandhearhertruths thatwillgive heravoice, She asksifthere thatwillforgive is aplaceinyour her, hearts shefeltandbelieved there wasnowayout. The damagewasdoneandforher, soul. hervery hermind, uponherheart, It isthetollallofthishastaken Not tosayshe’d ever give up. toendure thisjourney. Her onefearisthatherstrength willnotbeenough She isstrong, kindandapassionate person. thanothershave ledyou tobelieve. isapersonmadeofmore, your mum, This woman,thismum, forthat’s all shecando. Thatisallshehasleft. She praysforthem, We willbetogethersoon. I missyou terribly. Letting themknow -Ilove you. Quietly at nightshebidsthemgoodnight. Questions. So manyquestions. Do you have aroof over your head,furniture, foodinyour cupboards? 144 University 101 145 University 101 For closingthisbookwill(anddoes)have far andbelieveWhat we observe know -letitnotbeaclosedbook. journeywiththismum. Thank you fortakingthisparticular This messageisgiven withlove. Love, toallthosemums She willnever befaraway. She willalwayslove you. nomatterwhathastranspired. She hasalwaysloved you andmissesyou withallherbeing. loves you Know thatthiswoman, thismum,your mum reaching consequences,for…usall. who have and are sharingthesamejourney. ••• Gordon ShrimptonShrimpton having to find themoney. Perhaps Iwas spoiled. Ihad spent library, about andsoakup all theycouldwithoutworrying have allimpedimentsremoved -couldcometoclass, tothe really wanted, craved, the experience of learning would I wantedtowork inanenvironment inwhich peoplewho my mind. made notadentintheproblem thatnaggedatthebackof however,rules, Inever have, butmylittlemisdemeanors have topayfortheprivilege.Ididnotalwaysstickthose was required tosendthemtheregistrar where theywould and listentomylectures (itdidhappenonceinawhile),I the rules. When peoplecameandaskedifthey could sitin university. It bothered mealsothatIwasexpectedtoenforce could benefit greatly from an education from attending that the costs thing. precludedI knew some people who felt fullyateasewiththecostofhighereducationforone something lacking-wasnotjustright.Inever great dealofsatisfaction,tobesure, butthere was always After more years ofteachingatUVic thanforty Ifelta not somuchchangedme;itfulfilledme. suddenly realized thatmy“problem” wasthatUni 101has what was wrong with me? But I took the task seriously. I me toomuch,Ithought,butithadothers,suppose,so reaction wastothinkthatithadn't.Uni 101didnotchange this pieceabouthow Uni 101haschangedme,myfirst eachyear. toparticipating always lookedforward In writing I have been involved withUni 101sinceitbegan,andhave Greek &Roman Studies Instructor by Gordon Shrimpton, Uni 101andMe 146 University 101 147 University 101 teaching career. Longlive Uni 101! invigorating. Icouldnotaskforamore satisfyingwaytowinddown my so muchbetter. Inclasstheexcitement every waspalpable,theexperience It’s asmypriorexperience had been, Uni justthat,aswonderful 101was people whowanttolearnanyway. So Icannotcomplain. my wholecareer inGreek andRoman Studies, anarea thatonlyattracts Uni 101hasnotsomuchchanged me; itfulfilledme. Bonnie Frederick Love andfriendship. And don'teven forgetforadayhow Special you are!!!!! Take thetimetowishuponastar. Have Health, andHope, andHappiness, Life's treasures are people TOGETHER... Remember thatlove andfriendshipare wiseInvestments, Remember thatalotgoesforever. Remember thatalittlelove goesalong way, Live alife ofSerenity, notalifeofRegrets. Don't takelifetooSeriously, The longeraproblem iscarried,theheavieritgets. Nothing wastesmore energythanworrying, Reach foryour Peak, your Goal, andyour Prize. Don't leave decisionstochance, your important Your dreams are waitingtoberealized. Don't putlimitsonyourself, Understand, have Courage,andbestrong. Within you are somanyanswers, And you'll makeitthrough whatcomesalong. Count your Blessings, notyour troubles, Take onedayatatime. Your lifecanbewhatyou wantittobe, You're uniqueandoneofakind. Your presence isagifttotheworld, Uni 201Student by BonnieFrederick, Never Forget 148 University 101 149 University 101 I Arthur Wood- William “Feeling gratitude andnotexpressing it,islikewrapping apresent andnotgivingit" by BonnieFrederick Gratitude those negative emotions cannotbringyou whatyou want.If you wantanew Whether itis jealousy, resentment, dissatisfaction, orfeelingsofnotenough feel ungratefulattractalife filled withmore thingstofeelungratefulabout. for whatyou have. Why? Because thethoughtsandfeelingsyou emitasyou It isimpossible tobringmore goodintoyour lifeifyou are feelingungrateful life. energy ofpeople,circumstances, andevents thatwillbringallgoodintoyour more thingstobegratefulfor. In otherwords, you willmagnetize toyou the are powerfully bringinglikeenergiestoyou, whichwillhave you experience Gratitude attractslike-energyofgratitudetoit,soasyou are feelinggratefulyou powerful andhighestfrequencies ofall. gratitude, you are transformingyour energyfrequency intooneofthe most frequency ofyour energy. Asyou focusongratitudeandthink,speak,feel a frequency. Your thoughts,feelings,andbeliefsdeterminethevibration frequencies.particular We are energytoo,andsoeachofusisalsovibratingat Einstein proved intheuniverse isenergy. thateverything Allenergyvibratesat has taken.Gratitude cansimplytransformyour life. you are, gratitudecandissolve allnegativityinyour life,nomatterwhatformit into your life inabsoluteabundance.No matterwhoyou are, nomatterwhere Gratitude isoneofthemostpowerful emotionsyou canusetobringallgood job, great healthcare andschoolsystems,somuchmore. for–loving familyandfriends,goodhealth,food,shelter, cleanwater, good thought Iwouldwriteaboutgratitudeashave somuchtobegrateful power." (2011) than themselves asindividuals,whether tootherpeople,nature, orahigher themselves. Asaresult, gratitudealsohelpspeopleconnecttosomethinglarger people usuallyrecognize thatsourceoutside of thatgoodnesslies at leastpartially With gratitude,peopleacknowledge thegoodnessintheirlives. In theprocess, appreciation forwhatanindividualreceives, whethertangible orintangible. The Harvard Mental Health Letter states that "gratitude is a thankful we canhave muchgratitudetowards manydifferent situations. Empathy, andCommunity. There isso muchmore we canfeelgrateful forand gratitude canbe,Passion, Compassion,Acceptance, Patience, Communication, grace, graciousnessorgratefulness(Depending onthecontext)."Other typesof better."The word “gratitude” isderived from thelatinword Gratia whichmeans Letter (2011)expressing thanksmaybeoneofthesimplestwaystofeel According on this topic, published in the Harvard toan article Mental Health associated withimproved healthandbetterworldvision. are betterabletoreach theirgoals.Scientistshave even notedthatgratitudeis stress, have more positive emotions,feelgoodabouttheworldwe live in,and People whoare thankfulforwhattheyhave now are betterabletocopewith turning awayfrom allthatisgood. blame, criticize, feelresentment, jealousy, oranynegative emotion,you are all thegoodthatispermanentlyoffered to you. But when you complain, when you focusyour thoughtsandfeelingsofgratitudeyou are turningtoward in lifeare simplycausedby turningawayfrom allthegoodthatisthere. So summoning aneven bettercartoyou. Thenegative thingsthat we experience the otherhand,ifyou feelgratefulforthecaryou have now, you are powerfully frequency you are sendingout,andyou cannotattractsomethingbetter. On car butyou are notgratefulforthecaryou have, thatwillbethedominant good fortune forgrantedasitcomes) andthefuturegood fortune (maintaining elements ofchildhood orpastblessings), thepresent (nottaking it tothepast(retrieving positive memories andbeingthankfulfor People feelandexpress gratitudeinmultipleways.They can apply 150 University 101 151 University 101 including: including: produce anumberofmeasurableeffectsonsystems in your body, studieshaveAs Isawonarecent shown article, ABCnews thatgratitudecan who focusedonsources ofaggravation. fewer visits to the doctor, and they seem to exercise more, compared tothose day.every My doctortoldmethatpeople whokeptagratitudejournalhave anditmakesmesmile seeing whatI'mgratefulforeachand to a good start, my bathroom mirror. mydayoff SomorningwhenIwakeupcanstart every each day. oneon Ihavepostanew one, andit'sonstickynotes,soeveryday journal orlistwhere you actively writedown exactlywhatyou’re gratefulfor One way to harnessthepositive power ofgratitude istokeepagratitude majororgansystem." product with ahealthmaintenanceindicationforevery once stated,“If [thankfulness]were itwouldbetheworld'sbestselling adrug, Dr P. Murali Doraiswamy, asocialneuroscience specialistatDuke University Gratitude good” “It doesabody • • • • • • • • - Charles Dickens(1812-1870) ofwhichallmenhaveyour some”. pastmisfortunes, “Reflect upon your present manhasmany. blessings,ofwhichevery Not on - Harvard Health Publications, 2011 successfully cultivate further”. current level ofsomeone'sgratitudeit'saqualitythatindividualscan a hopefulandoptimisticattitude).Regardless oftheinherent or

Blood sugar Cognitive andpleasure related neurotransmitters (Dopamine) Blood pressure andcardiac and EEGrhythms Social bondinghormones(Oxytocin) Stress hormones (Cortisol) Reproductive hormones(testosterone) andimmunesystems(Cytokines)Inflammatory Mood neurotransmitters (serotonin andnorepinephrine) can boost a person's sense of self-worth and/orself-efficacy.can boost aperson'ssense of self-worth to It alsoappears hear those'magic words'. Being onthe receiving endofaperson's gratitude you” feel greater motivation at work, and work harder than peers who donot I know from mypastexperiencesemployees whosemanagerssay“Thank pleasant smell,acoolbreeze oralovely memory. focus, butyou canalsofocusonsomethingthatyou are gratefulfor, suchasa moment you are inrightnow. Amantraissometimesusedtohelpmaintain Practising “Mindfulness” meansyou are actively payingattentionto the Mindfulness Meditation. Expressing thanksduringyour prayers isanotherwaytocultivate gratitude. Pray. it happened,goingover itagaininyour mind. As you do, feelthesensationsofhappinessandthankfulnessyou feltatthetime Once aweek, reflect onevents forwhich you are gratefulandwritethemdown. Count your blessings. help you express gratitudeinadditiontosimplyfeelingitinside. someone inyour life,gettingintothehabitofwritingthank-you letterscan Whether inresponse toagiftorkindact,simplyshow ofgratitudefor Write thankyou notes. Health Letter)include: other waystocultivate asenseofgratitude(inspired by theHarvard Mental can bestrengthened withpractice.Besides keepingadailygratitude journal, the thingsthatyou mayfeelare lacking.And,likeamuscle,this mentalstate good and what's right in your life, rather than dwelling onthenegatives and all Cultivating asenseofgratitudewillhelprefocus your attentiontoward what's Ways to cultivate gratitude appreciation isnottoutter words, buttolive by them” “As we express ourgratitude, we mustnever forgetthatthehighest 152 University 101 153 University 101 Harvard HealthHarvard Publications (Nov 12011).InPraise ofGratitude, Coley, (Nov Mikaela 232011). Thankfulness Linked to Positive Canges inBrain and Body, References: and aclearer visionfortomorrow." Melanie Beatty order, ConfusionintoClarity. It makessenseofourpast,bringspeacefortoday, “Turns out we have enough and more. It denial into acceptance, Chaos into turns Gratitude isthebestattitude. It's nothappinessthatbringsusgratitude. Its gratitude thatbringsushappiness. more knowing wonderful thatyou are thereason behindit!!!! yourself, theuniverse andothers. It's toseeapersonsmileandeven wonderful present moment and practise gratitude. Remember to say ”Thank you” to prepare forthefuture withoutfear, focusonwhat'sgoodrightnow, inthe remember the1,000reasons you have tosmile.Face your pastwithoutregret; Be thankful forwhatyou have. When lifegives you 100reasons tocry, day andstillfindpleasure inthesmallthingslife. people donotexperiencejoy 24hoursaday. But ahappypersoncanhave abad Most peopleagree there tohappiness.Even isnoshortcut generallyhappy your ability tothinkandfeelmore nextmoment……. positively inthevery toturn your thinkingaround,is anopportunity thereby helpingorhindering depends largelyonthethoughtsyou thinktoday. So eachmomentofeveryday one waytoputyour mindontherighttrack.Also,remember that your future Starting eachdayby thinkingofallthethingsyou have tobethankfulforis connection. but also another, unrelated person, in an unconscious Pay-it-forward, kind of helptheperson whooffered tofurther thegratitude encourage participants to love way ofliving.It opensyour eyes tothewonderoflife, andopensyour heart Gratitude ismore thanafewnicewords; it'smore thanamindset, it's a Harvard MentalHealth Letter. abcnews. comabcnews. I discovered that and idea-sharing. space ofconnection is apsychological classroom, there space ofthe within thephysical - ElizabethBrimacombe, Psychology Instructor 155 University 101

I groundskeeper? gardens at UVic. How willyou react when you see this ghostly Readers beware the dark apparitionof the groundskeeper ofthe Uni 102Student by Sam Shrikhande, atApparition oftheGardens UVic and vanish justbefore theyleave theUVic campus. groundskeeper aride,theysayhewillgladlygetinthecar storm. If someone giveswalking homeduringevery the People saythatnow you canseethegroundskeeper while walkinghome. strictly for the gardens, who was hit by a car many years ago by. Legend has it this ghostly figure was the groundskeeper to catch aridewithanyone whopassed ghostly figure trying from the rain. By theentranceofgardens stoodadark in sight.Carsandbuseswere drivingthrough thepuddles whisper. Theclouds were blackandthemoonwasnowhere

howling through thetrees by thegarden likeaghostly The rain was falling on the pavement, the wind was t wasadark andstormynightontheUVic campus. Sam Shrikhande Sam Yenruedee Nonmee They kepthelping mewithwhatever troubles thingslikedbus They helpedmewithfew happytohave themandtalkedtothem. I wasvery I gotemailsfrom thepeoplewhowere And thiswashow mybetterlifebegan. There kindandspoke wasamature ladywhowas very Then, in2015,there wasadaythatI went I usedtothinkamallby myselfinCanadawith The withallI've saidandhaven'tStruggling said But waitaminute: It hasbeentoolongtolive myown lifeforsomeoneelse’s How manyyears from now before Ican Does thatpersonexist? But thequestionthatresponded was"from whom?" My voice withinkeepstellingme"you need Uni 102Student by YenruedeeNonmee, Struggling I wasfacingwith theircompassion tickets, foodvouchers, etc.,.. coming tovisitmeatmyplace. feel there are peoplewhowanttovisitmycave. really inneed?Idecidedtohave themasIliketo isthat?tocheckonmeifIam myself whatonearth I wouldliketohave ahomevisit.Ithoughtto with rightkindofhertonevoice, sheaskedif to applyatafoodbankon Yates. racism andrules. Without familyandfriends. difficult timeswithincultural,languages,lifestyle, purposeoflife. brought me tothetrue needs, becauseIamnotinmyown home(country). have myown lifeback? justice" over andover inmyhead. 156 University 101 157 University 101 Forever thankstoallofmyfamilywith nobloodrelations from the Everywhere canalwaysbeyour teacher. time–everything –every Buddha helpsmetokeepbelievingnothinglasts God helpsmetoread musicnotesandheshows meheisthere. The best results are thatIhave bettermentalhealth. Class Church. And Igetconnectionsbygroups meetingnew ofpeople. My communitieshave becomemyfamily. I have finished the Uni 101courseandnow Iamin Uni 102.Ididn’t The IhaveUni 101program chanceto isoneofthemainsupports, toshowI started mycuriosities. We haven't heard themcallus"family"butmychildandI meandmychild. They have beensupporting They: Check-Care-Share-Listen-Support-Help-Protect. Here’s whatthey’ve doneandkeepdoing. Right! Idon’t have familywhoare from thesame No way, whosaysIdon’t have family. I justwanttosayenjoy theirkindness,compassionandsupport. Since late2015,becauseofthosepeoplewhocameto Ican’tThey becamemymainsupports. imaginemy have shown me Compassion-Kindness-Support. Love you all. andsincerebottom ofmy heart appreciation. Thankstothose who forever happinessnorsorrowness. things goingoninmylife,butIkeepbelievinggood things. get asmuchofachancetoenjoy theUni 101classbecauseofother classmates, bemore active, eatwell, relax, create andexplore. educated myself, getconnections,share lifeexperiencewithmy me curiousaboutwhatmadethembecomegoodpeople. happy andthingsaboutmysituationmove So forward. itmade them family. Ididn’t know how happytheycanbeifIam blood relations. But read this. don’t hasfallenintoplace. meaneverything my life,Ienjoy thefeelingofimprovement. Nope, I situation withoutthemduringmyfears. and withoutneedinganythinginreturn. Beverley Johnson I Student Liaison by Beverley Johnson, Lessons inHumanResources:Shame Sharing bureaucracies mustbesuppressed, ifnot subjectedtocorrective ‘human resources’ forthebest(lowest) cost tocorporationsand of thistrend, anythingthat couldinterfere withthe fullestuseof maximize corporateprofits, hasbecomenormalized. In service Fundamental commodificationofhumanlives, soasto 'human resources.' dream - a good living - out of reach for an increasing majority of entitled andthedispossessed,puttingaccesstoCapitalists' neo-liberal-influenced systemsfeedsthedisparitybetween the how we measure thedegree ofthatsway. Thepower wielded by hold ontheeconomy. Might hasbecomeright,andwealth is influences increaseharshly demonstratedasconservative their beyondperson) even thepale.Thishasonlybeenmore further puts theworker (anotherfunctional,dehumanizingtermfor be unabletodoorjudged'avoidant' ofproductive employment acceptance;to reason ofinclusion,support, istobeunworthy qualifies, andentitlesmembersofsociety. To bepoorforany my lifeinthesure knowledge thatpaidemployment identifies, acquisition orretention ofgainfulemployment. Ihave lived situations,especially wherehurtful anyofthatmightaffectthe sharing mythoughts,andfrom questioningeven themost an exampleofsuccessinthatprogram; shamekeepsmefrom interest isshaming,inmore andlessblatantforms.Iamcertainly theagendasofneo-liberal One strategy thatisusedtosupport with neo-liberalphilosophy. routinely, subtly(and not-so-subtly)socialized toconform n ourmodern,bottom-line-orientedsociety, we are 158 University 101 159 University 101 and othermedical professionals contractedoremployed by the organization agenda isatleast subjectedtocynicaldisrespect, ifnotrejected outright. Physicians over-riding counter to that evidence,andanyinformationthatmight seemtorun documentation ofperceived and progress thisgoalbecomeprimary willsupport actual recovery oftheworker. Whatever manipulation ofmedicalreports or on fixed schedules that have much more to do with cost-control thanwiththe routine suggestionsofguiltandresponsibility around failure torecover successfully the reality withwhichtheinjured worker isdealing.Theworker issubjected to the agenda of the organization, rather than addressingserve oreven recognizing providersof optionstoalimitedprogram ofaccessonlytocontractedservice that denial of actual wage of replacement,loss of therapeutic support, and confinement position.Thisisaccomplishedthrough threatenedearly totheirpre-injury and of theclaimantfrom benefits.Theworker issubjectedto'incentivization' return the samework inwhichtheindividualwasinjured, theobjectbeingdisconnection foremost, implementationofthepolicysoonestpossiblereturn oftheworker to asset, so as to optimally protect the system. The prevailing path involves, first and currently focusesonsoonestpossibleseverance ofanyconnectionwith thedamaged For example,the Workers’ Compensationschemeoperatingas WorkSafeBC ROI (Return onInvestment) fortheproductive economy. from thedepredations ofanyindividualassessedasrepresenting less-than-beneficial as free andempowered inthesystem,but onprotection ofthesystem(s) participant Disability Benefit programs oftheindividual have becomefocused not onsupport Compensation, Employment Insurance, Social Development (Welfare), and tooptimize productivity andmitigaterisk.Suchnecessary structures as Workers’ measures. Thehealthand well-being ofthe resource isconsidered onlyinsofarasis from questioning even the most hurtful situations,from questioningeven themosthurtful shame keepsmefrom my sharing thoughts, and acquisition orretention ofgainfulemployment. especially where any ofthat might affectthe 6)http: //www. worksafebc. com/about_us/our_mandate/vision_mission_guiding_principles/default. asp notleast, thevarianceand lastbutcertainly between lived experience andthe'vision,mission,guidingprinciples' 5) Brene Brown -https: //www. ted. com/talks/brene_brown_listening_to_shame?language=en H.Meadows (2008) 4) Donella Thinking inSystems -Aprimer(Earthscan) Le3) UrsulaK. Guin's novel 'The 1974 Dispossessed" concepts strongly influenced by 2) https: //cyber. law. harvard. edu/bridge/LawEconomics/critique5. htm 1) https: //en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Neoliberalism References Reading andFurther the dispossessedthemselves, andthegapwidens. failure canmeanonlyonething:thetoolsoforganizationwilljoinranks insuchorganizations.Paid ofthosewhoparticipate part forsuccess inthismodel, So we comebackaround againtoshame,theleastofpenaltiesforfailure onthe termed afailure. are regarded asonlyofvalue intermsofproductivity, suchanoutcomemustbe such processing isinevitablydamagetotheindividual,andeven ifsuchindividuals "orthe wordterm "discomfort, "unable"withtheterm"disinclined."The result of a similarstrategytotheinsistenceonreplacement oftheword "pain"withthe of thisforced Return To Work policyas"preference" -whichitclearlyisnot.This that taintstheprocess forthosesubjectedtoit.Casemanagersrefer toenforcement andsuspicion indication ofintenttomalfeasance,andescalationthescrutiny to thisforced ofthe worker march, ortheemployer, eitheronthepart iscitedas focused onfindingculpabilitytheemployer's Anyindicationof part. resistance is pressured to cooperate in this agenda by threats of increasing finesandscrutiny or limitationofability, intheinterests ofillicitfinancialgain.Theemployer inturn ifnotinclinedtodeliberatelyfalsifyreportsleast manipulativeofpain ofthetruth default prejudgement of claimants as naturally, logically malingerers, cheats, and at focus isonminimizingandtrivializingboththeinjuriesworker, aswell as rehabilitation oftheclaimant’s injuriesastheclaimantknows them.Rather, the the claimantwhichinnowayaddresses orassistswithactualrecognition ofor routinely statethattheyare ‘not WSBC’, andthenproceed with‘assessment’ of instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=flouts%20meaning) that WorkSafeBC touts andapparently flouts:(https: //www. google.ca/webhp?sourceid=chrome- 160 University 101 161 University 101 what words we use. when considering Let kindnesswhisper, love beourmuse, "confirm", or"refuse"? convey Will they Will thesoundsthatpassourlipsconfuse? uplift, Defend, defeat, What words we useshow how we choose: by Beverley Johnson [Mirror-talk] Choose abuse Aziza Urazova I Uni 102Student by Urazova, Aziza Huang's World went on to compare TED to a "Scientology summer camp". event oftheconference, perthefellowship agreement. He had his TED fellowship revoked fornotattendingevery In 2012,Huang wasnameda2013 TED Fellow. He later World. it!) Fresh Off theBoat blog was later renamed as Huang's funny,in December 2015.(very absolutelyrecommend 2011. Thebookwasmadeinto TVseries,whichpremiered Boat andlaterpublishedamemoirunderthesamename in Huang created avideoblogon Youtube, calledFresh Offthe in Manhattan. his own businessBaoHaus, a Taiwanese bun shop, located of restaurants intheOrlando area. In 2009Huang opened restaurant business from his father, who opened a number worked at hisfather'srestaurants. He learnedmanaginga of different cultural backgrounds and cuisine styles that He alsolearnedcookingtechniques from various chefs as hehadgrown upwatching hismothercookathome. cooking asianfood.Huang wasinterested incooking years he decided toquitandpursuehismainpassion: a lawyer in corporatelawinNew York City. Afteracouple history. He hisjobas graduatedfrom lawschool,started a Taiwanese interesting personal American,withavery It iscalledHuang’s world.Thehostis Eddie Huang, enjoyed alot. want totellabouta YouTube videoblogIwatchedand 162 University 101 163 University 101 trouble finding a babysitter job. When looking Iadvertised fora job, most realized peopledon't likeopeningup, theyprefer keeping distance.Ihad generic,superficial,toomuchsmalltalk. I Their conversations seem very I wonderifitwillchangesome dayandIcanfeelateasearound everybody. relate to“them." Igetalongeasierandfeelmore relaxed withAsiansaround. I moved livinginamainly“white” toCanadaandstarted country. Ican't I realized thatIhadsimilaranti-whiteprejudices asHuang sometimes,since its own appealandisentertaining. has might notbeoneofthebestaboutcookingortravelling, butitcertainly his nationalidentity. He alsoshows alotofrespect toothercultures. His blog course. Iappreciate togobackintohis roots, keep thewayhemakeseffort He blunt.Ilikehisjokes,notthesexistonesof hasaquickwitandisvery and present of mysterious Mongolia appealing for me. made this episode very to moderncapitalUlan Bator, andconversations withlocalsaboutthepast Pristine nature, ofthecountry, seeingwildparts camelsinGobi desert, atrip a cupofhome-brewed camelvodka. effects of Mongolia's recent shifttodemocracywithsomecamelherders over - archery, horseracing,andMongolian wrestling. Then, Eddie discussesthe intheNaadamtakes part festival, whichcelebratesthe"three manlysports" wasfilminghistripto One ofhis videosIlikedinparticular Mongolia. Eddie or anti-white,buthey, read between thelines! admit thatitwasprobably thecase.He doesn'tsayanythingobviously racist ghettoness” forthefirsttime.Afterwatchingmostofhisvideos, yes, Ihadto the commentsonhisfeed,Ifoundexpressions like“anti-white” and“leaks tobe“black." hop styleclothing.SomeReading mightfindhimtrying often,dressesIn drops inhip f-bombsvery hisvideosheseems toberude, I wonder ifitwillchangesome day andIcanfeel at ease around everybody. I feel stronger every day! I feelstronger every and lifestyleforwomen. religious society, conservative modelofbehaviour whichdictatesacertain country. So Ienjoy freedom from allthestigmaandprejudices ofafairly There are a lot of positive things too. I come from a fairly conservative Muslim I enduphangingoutwithimmigrantslikemyself. middle-aged multilingualimmigrantdoesn'tmakemeunderqualified. Often want alocalyoung studenttobearole modelfortheirkids,butmebeinga parents seemedtoprefer hiringlocal,younger whitegirls.Iunderstandthey 164 University 101 165 University 101 Отырамын-ай. Аңсағанда ақбөпемдiаялап Ата-анамнын аяулы Cол турағым-ай. Топырағы көзалдымакеледi Туған жердi сағынып Көрер мекем-ай. Игигай -игигай -у. Көрер мекем-ай. қалғанелiмдiАй-ай бөпемкейiн Алмағалы-ай. Жузi болды ата-анамның Көрмегелi көпайдын Салғанына-ай. Алмалыға кiмкөнбейдi Ауылым көшiпбарады-ау жер туған сағындым сені Ай-бопем translated byUrazova Aziza folk song"Lullaby"Kazakh хабарын тағдырдың I hugmysweet child Missing mydearparents night I dream aboutevery Longing formymotherland Will Isee Igigai igigay u I leftbehind Will Iseemymotherland My dearchild I visitedmyparents It hasbeenawhilesince One hasto acceptthe My tribeismoving faraway Motherland I missedyou deeds ofdestiny Uni 101 is a space Uni 101isaspace have sharedinthat. gratefulI'm very to happens inUni101. of allkinds. Change pushing boundaries for ideasandfor for peopleand - Ewa Czaykowska-Higgins, LinguisticsInstructor 167 University 101

pace down the long driveway to a busy road (barely missing the choppingblock.Headless, therooster ranatafurious poor rooster’s neck, whichwasheldfirm by hisbigbooton his children towatchthe lowering ofthebigaxe ontoour My father, beingamanoflittlesensitivity, chosetogather warning andsoonhehadtodisposeoftherooster. at dawnandthreatened tocallthepolice.Father received a children oranimals,complainedthattherooster wokethem get up. The nextdoorneighbours,whodidn’t appeartolike made itknown intheneighbourhoodthatitwastimeto increasing daylight hours, our rooster arose earlier and theminto thehouseformother.gently carrying With the wascollectingtheeggsfrom thehensand The funpart putting infresh straw, morning. waterandgrainevery It wasworking timeforuskids,withcleaningout thecoop, A-frame chicken coop which held three hens and a rooster. To increase thepetresponsibility, ourfatherbuiltawooden responsibility incaringforthesepets. adopted dogsandcatswhichtaughtusrespect and mountain, my siblingsand I were fondofanimals. We Growing upinasmallcommunityatthebaseofcoastal controversial. question ‘authorities’, especiallyifitcouldbeseenas the generationIwasraisedin,tonot This wascertainly that Ididnotquestionthesource ofthefoodIconsumed. How naïve ofme(orwasitconditioningandacceptance) Uni 102Student by Beverley Dobell, Awakening To the RealityofFood Sources

Dobell y Beverle conditions in huge factory buildings(free amongst thousandsin running conditions in huge factory milk; that free eggs really run dairy means hens livingin deplorable farming produces documentariesabouthow All ittookwasafew factory which introduced metotheworldof veganism (plant-basedfoods). Animals (PETA), Mercy forAnimals, Vancouver Vegans, andAnimal Voices, and addedmetotheFacebook sitesforPeople fortheEthical Treatment of happened forme.My daughterisananimalrightsactivistin Vancouver source ofmyfoodchoices.It waslessthanayear agothattheawakening I continuedforatimeonthepathofleastresistance by notquestioningthe having herbaby calfnurseforhermilk. from yearly impregnation andmilking,never knowing amother’s pleasure of products andby fivedairy years ofageare soonslaughtered, soexhausted humanities’their mother–milkingmachinestosupport hugedemand for theveal industry.supporting Thefemalecalves grow uptobecomejustlike andthatdeliciousicecreamwant milk,cheese,yogurt Isoloved, thenthisis thecow.supporting Isincehave learnedthatIwaswrong andthatifhumans self-righteousthinkingthatby refusingmeat. Ifeltvery tobuyveal, Iwas small cratestobemalnourishedandiron deficient,toproduce apalewhite meat –where themalecalves are putinto takenfrom themotheratbirth, slaughtered forthebutchershop. Lateron,Iread somewhere aboutveal were raisedhappilyonafarmandneartheendoftheirlives, were kindly my own littlefamily. Ijustpresumed thatcows, chickens,pigsandlamb Years went by andInever questionedthesource ofthefoodthatIfedto ‘farming andlivingofftheland’. – asnoonedared todefyhim.So, thiswasmyfirstandlastencounterwith mother sattimidlyatthedinner table withworriedeyes andaclosedmouth that we could noteathimbutwere toldthatwe hadtofinishourdinner. Our therooster.father proudly carved With ourheadshunglow, we meeklysaid feathers cameofforwhodidit. At dinner, mysistersandIwatchedasour became dinnerthatSunday evening. Idon’t recall how thepoorfellow’s cars going by), a sack. The while being chased byroaster my father carrying 168 University 101 169 University 101 films are: the following documentaries,there wasnogoingbacktobeingnaïve. The ofthefoodsthatIconsumed,mostlyfromOnce watching Ifacedthetruth drain, itclogsthelines. Simply put,baconisacardiovascular disaster–likepouringfatdown the we carried posters, one which said; "Pigs Want to Live – Pigs are not food." invited metojointhe Vancouver AnimalRightsadvocates atthisevent, and to milkshakes.In 2015, Victoria hosted BACONALOOZA. My daughter There are Bacon Festivals happeningwhere baconisinfoodsfrom burgers Pigs: orpork, baconandham ashumansknow it –well here isanotherstory. and otherhealthissues. consumed inmoderationornotatallduetotheevidenceofitcausingcancer in2015,informedthepublicthatredOrganization meatshouldbe (WHO), many diseasescausedby consuminganimal meat andfat.The World Health health issues such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, bone density loss, and by– it is a bigthe business supported government. Look atthe stats for doesnot want usto wean offdairy industry milk intoadulthood.Thedairy onto foodsthatare typicaloftheirspecies,yet humanscontinue todrink Mammals from theirmothersbuteventually nurseatbirth wean offandgo the reality offoodsource? that thehumanracehascomesofarinourknowledge butfailstounderstand little concernforthewelfare andlivingconditionsoftheseanimals. How isit in whichanimalsare onlyanend-product forhumanconsumption.There is farms.Thedairy,rather from factory isbigbusiness meatandeggindustry their own excrement); farms but andthatcattleseldomcomefrom country • • • • •

The Earthlings (2005) The Earthlings Farm toFridge (2011) Cow Conspiracy(2014)–Forks over Knives (2011) The Sustainability Secret by Leonardo DiCaprio (2015) What CodySaw Will Changeyour Life(2015) learned. My foodsources are chosenonthebasisofethicalconsumption. I have seenthelightandthere is no goingbacktodenialofwhatIhave willalwaysbeheretoo farintheirdenial?Earth – willwe? outherwarnings ofdoomandgloom.Isspews it toolate,have humansgone knowledgein denial?I,forone,amheedingthisnew-found asPlanet Earth the flag of warning and ask: are we as a world seeing the light or are we still in this field, alongAs withconcerned scientists, experts vocal activists, wave inthe Global farmingwhenhumans are South? dyingofstarvation factory supplyingwaterandgrainstomass underground. Canourworldsupport upwater sources, even beensohot,drying in recorded hasEarth history global weather patternsare gettingtheattentionofskeptics.Never don’t actnow." Few listened,andnow tenyears have passedandtheextreme is real,warming of Earth man-made and its affects will be cataclysmic if we Truth (2006),whichaddresses thescienceofglobalwarming.He stated,“The Former US Vice President, AlGore, co-directed thefilm, Microsoft, asoneofthecompanies leadingthereinvention offood. Hamptonreserves. Creek wasrecently honoured by Bill Gates, co-founderof of agrowing population, dwindling resources of water andagriculturalland meat andeggs.Plant-based foodscouldbeonesolutiontotheseriousissues waystoturnplantsintofoodsthatlookandtastelike experimenting withnew There are companies(Beyond twonew Meat and Hampton Creek), whichare ethical cuisine. greater number)are lookingtothegrowing interest ofpeoplewantingamore storms allaffectingourworldandfoodsystem. Vegan restaurants (now in climate changerevolution, withtheincreasing droughts, heatwaves andhuge vegan movement happeningaround theworld,mainlybrought aboutby the frozen foodsection for thevegan mealssuchasIndian cuisine.There isabig in largemarkets –seethemanynut,soy andricemilkproducts andthe informedhuman eat?Look atthefood shelvesThen what doesa newly An Inconvenient 170 University 101 171 University 101 Alicia Ulysses W Mexican Literature Instructor by Alicia Ulysses, Dido’s Lament endured, the prying eyes, thebeinglabelledas“other."endured, the prying the societythathasshunned them,theprejudice theyhave Surviving thesystem, on, yet, theyare atsurviving. theexperts Yes, Ihave been theso-called“expert” onthetopicsIteach me,asmuchIhaveThey have encouragedthem. supported life experience,knowledge, maturity, integrity, anddignity. the peopleinvolved have somuchtoofferin regards totheir inthisinclusive program,been participating Ihave foundthat actually our teachers. Throughout the almost 10 years I have that although we “students”, call the participants they are One thingthatIdeeplyappreciate aboutUni 101isthefact personathatIsharednew withthe“students” ofUni 101. person Iwasbefore IimmigratedtoCanadain1984.It isthis Canada from backfrom 1984to1996,andeven the further broadly from thepersonIwaswhen“growing up” in person Iwas,notonlybefore IbeganmyMasters, butmore a series of changes that would help transform me from the writer Rosario Castellanos,“Dido’s Lament, ” ignitedinme My thesisonthepoemby theMexican Indigenist andFeminist arena todoso. with theacademic,butmostofallsocialandpolitical had put into my thesis. Uni 101 providedinadvertently me program in2005,Iwantedtoshareof Arts thehard work I a sessional,andrecent graduateofaMaster must admit that I did it for selfish reasons. As hen I first began to volunteer for Uni 101, I 172 University 101 173 University 101 spirit, including mine. Thank you. spirit, includingmine.Thank you. is aboutnourishment.AndUni 101doesexactlythat;itnourishesthehuman a parallelexperience.It ofpower, isastory privilege,and basichumanrights:it different level, atavery becausemanyofthemhave lived understand thestory chosen nottochoosethem;societyhasthem,ordiscarded them,andthey Why? Because manyofthemhave beenthere. Thesystemhaschosenthem,or ofUniwe touchacentralissuethatmanyoftheparticipants 101 canrelate to. who should be fed, and who shouldn’t. In Castellanos’ “The Wheelof Hunger”, When, inUni 101,we discusshunger, discrimination,choosing starvation, oppression. for love, theone who insteadtriumphedattheendbecauseshefoughtagainst ofherMexicanwrote thestory Dido, theonethatdidnotimmolateherself It isthrough this Western ideaof“who we are supposedtobe” thatCastellanos institutions, shouldbeabove allhumansuffering. of one’s purposeinspiteoflove. Nation building, andtherefore, thepower of of nationbuilding, of surrender,teaches theimportance andofnotlosingsight nationhood. The Aeneid hasbeenaclassicalstudyforcenturies.Aclassicthat who immolatedherselfforlove, oftheclassicallyfoundedideasLatin ispart woman, and Virgil then becameDante’s guidethrough hisInferno. Queen Dido, Dido shewas wasthequeenofCartagena, Virgil’s archetype ofthesuffering knowledge Iacquired analyzing“Dido’s Lament." It isthrough theanalysisofRosario Castellanos’ storiesthatIincludethe short Indigenous Mexican issuesformyclass. feminism, andhow feminismplaysamajorrole inIndigenous issues,specifically those classes,are women,someare menwhowanttolearnandunderstandabout through; as women,aspeoplefrom thiscontinent,asmigrants.Some ofus,in of Uni 101andIengageinapoliticaldebateaboutwhat we have allbeen and where I come from, through the voice of Rosario Castellanos, the attendants In mytwoevenings where Igetthechancetospeakup, totalkaboutwhoIam Reiko Sekiguchi other factors play a big role. other factorsplay abigrole. butincase of education,notonlymoney,observed, butalso 2016, p. costandprofit 1).In isusually economics,monetary place onthebestalternative totake that action” (Scoones, The costofaction”“opportunity isdefinedas “the value you this coursefrom thisperspective. consumer. Thatconnectsthemboth. So Iwouldliketoanalyze a price isdeterminedby thecostandprofit ofasupplierand an institutiontocontinueexist.Thekeytermisprice. The market, supplyanddemandmustbebalancedinorder for We learned in the economics class that in a competitive would liketoconsideritfrom thestandpointofeconomics. stage one of the topics we learnedwas economics. ThereforeI We were askedtowritetwoessaysinthiscourse.In theearly came even totheUVic campus.Iwasfullofcuriosity. Uni 102.Everything wasnew. I firsttime Thiswasthe very the method.ThisisfirstexperienceIhadwithacourselike let theoutsideworldknow aboutthis,how itisdone,itsvalue, what ishappeningatUni 101/102.AsIthinkithasmeaningto meaning, however, ithasa great meaningtoletoutsidersknow been involved in this course already, this essay may have no of “free university course” and applied. For anybody who has nothing aboutthiscourse.Ihadseenonlytheadvertisement way backhome:"Whoispayingforustostudy?"Ialsoknew In the early stage of our course one of the students asked on our Who IsPaying For Us To Study? Uni 102Student by Reiko Sekiguchi, Economics From theEye inthelightof ofaStudent 174 University 101 175 University 101 content of one university course in two quickly asiftoconvey the and talkedvery enthusiastic aboutthetopic,eloquent, very taughteachtopic.They were instructors within theSocial Sciences.Different The lecturers represent eachdepartment anthropology andenvironmental studies. psychology, economics,politicalscience, of approaches tosociology, geography, The contentsoflectures were awide variety How theCourse was Delivered: First Iwouldliketolookatwhatispaidinorder toprovide Uni 102. Financial Cost ofUni102 functioned. functioned. without thesethecoursewouldnothave there even ifthere isnoUni 102.However, These are notanadditionalcostastheyare Costs Other • • • • • • • • • • •

A classroom with librarians The UVic Library Computer labswithtechnicians Campus security, Janitor, Administrators give their lectures Instructors: He/she hasgiven uptimeinorder toprepare forand Printing costsforthejournalDivergent/Convergent Childcare subsidiesforthosewhoneedthem Bus ticketsorparking passes Each studentwasprovided coursereadings andwritingmaterials. and tea/coffee were provided. program coordinators, Snacks studentliaisons,andinstructors. Meals: Meal ticketswere provided students,teachingassistants, work study program) A Program Coordinator andProgram Assistants(through the cave picture ofpaleolithic age clay powder andanimalfat, andlookingata in themethodaspaleolithicpeople didfrom I drew thispicture in class,usingtheinkmade complete the course. complete thecourse. Convergent. tostudentswhosuccessfully Theuniversity issuescertificates to writetwoessays,whichwill bepublishedinthejournalcalledDivergent/ profit canbeexpected. monetary Instead whatwas requested ofstudentswas expects ofstudents.However, inthecaseofUni 102,asthetuitionwasfree, no profit.profit andnon-monetary profit is the usual one the university Monetary Profit for the University: Who Profits? of thisseminaristoestablishhabit“critical thinking” ineverybody’s mind. executed inschools,itwasinteresting. The overall themeandthefinaltarget howCanadian teaching.Iread about it, butasIhadnotobserved itwasactually taking theplaceof'resource-based' whichhadbeeninthemainstream in method' ofteachingwhichhasbecomemainstream, This mustbethe'inquiry the questions.Several othertechniques were alsointroduced. we choose three questionswe thinkare goodquestions.Thestudentsdiscuss closed question,we changeitintoanopenquestion.Thenfrom amongthem questions. We categorize each ofthe questions as 'open' or 'closed.' If it isa questions based on what we read at home. The answer was not necessary, just Other weeks, smallgroups were madeinthesameway, butwe created and tochangethetopic. doesnothave toshoutletstudentsknowinstructor tohave to payattention way allthestudentsofclassnoticesomethingdifferent willbeginsoon.The the studentswhonoticeitstoptheirdiscussionandraisehand.In that assistant) ledthediscussion. To raisesherhand, switchtopics,theinstructor We were askedtochangegroups. Thefacilitator(studentliaisonorteaching what weaboutthiscourseandhow knew we cancontributetotheclass. and asked of to about discuss 6, including teaching assistants and instructors, Seminar: Thinking Critical techniques wasgiven. Afterthat,eachstudentwasaskedtowrite. lecture EachweekWriting atthebeginning,ashort aboutwriting Seminar: the themewastounderstandhumansocialrealities. class,wedays. Atallclapped.Thefields theendofevery were fullof variety but We will discuss the profit again in two ways: monetary In thefirst week we were organized intosmallgroups 176 University 101 177 University 101 I will give my example. I willgive myexample. the library. Theyare spendinginsteadenergyandtime:great cost. opportunity financial cost at all except dollars to print in athe few computer centre or in their costforthatwasnot small.Theydidnotpaytuition,therefore, no Cost ofStudents: Opportunity forthecommunications. time served joinedthestudentsindininghall,anddinner together; even instructors and exchanged intellectualcommunications with each other. Theyatedinner cost.Studentswith mealsandtransportation have gottentoknow eachother in Divergent/Convergent, whichwillremain forever. They were even provided from theclasscontent.Thisisexpressed notonly verbally butalsoinprintform sentiment/experience: oneessayfrom theirpastexperiences,and theother andtoexpress towritetwoarticles themselves,opportunity theiropinion/ togetknow friends.TheyThey getanopportunity new werean given goodcollections. whichhas They havevery hadaccesstotheUVic library fields. Students were allowed tousethecomputersysteminuniversity. course. Students have obtainedabroad variety ofknowledge insocialscience I wouldliketoexaminewhatprofit theyhave obtainedfrom attendingthe university educationorrecent research. There were about35students. university education,butitissure thatnoneofthemhave hadaccesstorecent itseemslikesomeofthestudentsseemedtohave hadsome observation, shouldbeexamined. butalsothedemandcurve the supplycurve To my tells us thatnotonly as the target of a course is students. Economic theory Students’ profit andcost: seminar wasgiven tothesepriortheirattendance. and towork withstudentsonthecoursereadings orwriting. We hearatraining role istofacilitatediscussionduringseminar,vitalize the class.Theirprimary student was not in good health, and needed an ambulance. Teaching assistants volunteers. It wasastudentliaisonwhoreported tocampussecuritythata By doingso,hemustbetaking arole toassisttheuniversity. We heartheyare next class,distributednamecards, bustickets/parking passes,andmealtickets. classwhatstudentshadtoread forthe the studentliaisonsannouncedevery Student liaisonshelpedstudentssolve theproblems andstudy further. One of It would be remiss nottosayanything about students, Students have obtained agreat dealofprofit. But than rawingredients tocookformyself. Ihave learnedfrom thisone example food so that I do nothave to cook myself. Ready-to-eat food is more expensive I didnotcookaselaborately asbefore; Ihave noticedIambuyingready-to-eat to continuetilltheend. continue thiswayforalong time.Asitlastsonlythree months,Iwillbeable energy. Althoughtheprofit waslarge,thecost wasalsolarge.Ifeltcannot bed. Althoughwe were provided withnutritiousmeal,we feltwe neededmore bought sweet popsonthewayhome.Ialsoeatsomethingbefore Iwent to are provided). One classmateboughtapieceofcake.One oftheclassmates writing, andneededsomuchenergy(It helpedusthatdrinksandsomesnacks classes, she thinking, needed discussing, lots and of energy in participating One ofmyclassmatesshowed usabigcookiethatshebought,saying Everybody seemedtobeworking infullpower. lab, there alsosomeclassmateswere working. One stayed even aftertheclass. the University Library, Imetthree ofourgroup. When Iwent tothecomputer went tothe publiclibrary, there Imettwoofourclassmates. When Iwent to for thecourse.Thisseemednotonlyme,butalsootherclassmates.I When in mybrainwhatIwouldwriteforessays.wasusingallenergyandtime computer, butwhileIwalkingalongthecoast,foundwasstillconsidering disperse thiscondition.I decided to take two daysoff:to not sitinfront of the showed atwork,Then aninstructor andsomesuggestionsto usafatiguecurve happen. when I walked. I thought, if I continued in that way, something unlucky would stick atthecomputerlab. My bad;Ifeltalmoststumbled eyesight becamevery seventh week, Iforgotwhere IleftmystudentID;forgotandmemory My kitchencluttered. In thesixthweek Iforgottogoameeting.In the and keeping my personal account. Mywriting my diary suite became messy. patio withered because I had forgotten to water them. I noticed that I gave up to pay the rent. I gave up 10 minutes exercise I used to do. The flowersmy on what Ishoulddo. Ipostponedmylaundry, Icookedlessoften.almostforgot When Iwokeupatnight,putthelighton,andtriedtoread. Ipostponed reading materialstothebedwhenIwent tobed.It worked likeasleepingtablet. University orinthelibrary. Iread allthematerialswe received. Ibrought the During the course I did not miss one class. I spent most of my time in the 178 University 101 179 University 101 who Iappreciate somuchforthisopportunity. By writingthisIcancontributeandbringprofit to Uni 101/102andUVic, enhance andpromote thevalue totheoutsideworldby writingthisindetail. profit from it. However, Icamebacktothistopicbecausethoughtcould toanalyze theuniversityrude activitiesasa student,whenIreceive somuch towritethisessay,I started butstopped ontheway, thinkingthatitmightbe actually realized. shows thevalue, notonlyasan abstractidea,butalsoasamethodthatcanbe strongly rooted inthecommunity, inthesocietyandworldwhenit ideas,andtoshareout new thoseideaswith theworld?The value willbecome Finally, isn’t it one of the main roles of the university to create value, new to try community andsocietysurrounding it. and knowledge. Thisbecomesprofit onlywhenthat valuehas prevailed inthe that itfulfilledthe value thatmore peopleshouldhave accesstoeducation the university. One of the strongest and largest profits to the university is A DifferentKind ofProfit fortheUniversity: centre. course. andcomputer Whenever Ihadtime,spentitintheuniversity library specialprivilegetohavewas, tomaximizebeenallowed myvery toreceive this as much as possible, whateverme, I wanted to take thisopportunity the cost isgrantedto As thismightbethelasttimeinmylifekindofopportunity obtaining food. that highereducationhadnotbeenthematterofsocialclasswhowere busy We willcomebacktotheprofit of is another loosely knitted rope, back is anotherloosely knittedrope, back works aswraps.Upon itandunder it twisted asthepicture shows and waraji. One firmlyknitted rope is Here are formaking instructions subtle technique.Imadethree pairsmyself. the purposeofrecycling cloth.Ilearnedhow tomakethisfootwear, from her footwear whenshewasyoung. She wantedtouseandconvey thistechniquefor out cloth.Anelderlywomanledthegroup. She hadlearnedhow tomakethis shape Ihadseeninmychildhood.But theywere makingthemwitholdworn- When Ibecameanadult,encountered agroup whowasmakingexactlythe How to Knit Warajis? needed aspecifictechniquetoknitthem. thought Icouldremember thewholeprocess. But itdidnotwork. It seemedI straw. Itriedtomakewarajiashadwatchedhimdoforsuchalong time;I come anymore. Iwent totheplacehewasworking. There wasapileofdried he madethem.Thiswasmyfirstencounterwithwaraji. Suddenlyhedidnot out ofdriedricestraw. dayandallhow Iwent tohimandwatchedevery man cametoourgarden forshelterfrom rainandwindwasmakingwaraji up in Japan, and spentmychildhood there. TheA footwear was calledwaraji. similartofootwearwhenIwasasmallchild.grew Iknew They looked very made ofgrass. years ago in ancientcaves inNorth America:pictures offootwear seemingly picturesattracted tocertain inthereadings forarcheology week, found10,000 When Iwaslookingatthereading materialsforUni 102,myattentionwas with WarajiEncounter by Reiko Sekiguchi Waraji Footwear A Consideration ofCultural Transfer: The of Case 180 University 101 181 University 101 pair. Thiswasthetransitional timefrom getasorwarajistoshoes in Japan. shoes mightbe thecauseandmightnotbe goodenough,andbought another shoes. Mom answered that,asIwasslow inbeginningtowalk,shethought red shoesmadeoffelt.I askedMom whythere were somanypairs ofsuch called the clothes, yukata,insummerevenings. I remember, intheshoescabinet(itwas for specialpurposesnowadays, forexamplewhenpeoplewear traditional Soon getaswere replaced by theshoeswe wear nowadays. Getas are usedonly thong wouldnotbewornoutby touchingtheground. nowadays. Thewooden sole sothatthecloth wasworked intotwo supports toe andthesecondtoe,justlikewaraji,alsobeach sandals madeofvinyl attached toitinorder tokeepitonthefoot. Athongpassedbetween thebig The shapewaslikewaraji,butthebodymadeofwood withacloththong child, we wore getafootwearlifeoutsidethehouse. made ofwoodineveryday areasquite commonlyinrural untilthetimeIwasasmallchild. When Iwasa Warajis are no longerusednowadays, butsofarasIremember, theywere used What of Footwear Kind Was Used InMyChildhood? Outside footwear mustnotbecarriedinsideofthehouse. are strictlyseparated,whichannoys foreigners whovisitJapan even nowadays. the environment. In Japan, footwear inthehouseandthatoutside house -demonstratingtransformationofculturalobjectsinusageaccording to although thisfootwear was,sofarasIknow, originallyusedoutsideofthe in awashingmachinewhentheybecamedirty. Iusedtheminthehouse, inahumidsummer soft cloth.They were airy Japan. Icouldwashthem I wore them at home. They were because they comfortable were made of form. can bedifferent varieties ofwaraji,butthese were integratedintothesame woven piece.Abandwasfirmlyinterwoven sothatitcouldbetakenoff.There two rope edgesare pulledsothatitmakesaniceshape.One warajiisatightly to bindtheitemwithfootisinterwoven. When itbecomestherightsize, untilitisaslargeafoot.Inand forth, between, athongwhichfunctions geta-cabinet) inmyparents’ housethere were three pairsoftinycute to find remnants ofthewaraji.Therefore itwasastonishing thatof remnants tools madeofstonesandmetals have beenfound.It wouldbeuselesstotry could notbefoundalthough there surely lived humanbeings,becausesome be foundamongthearchaeological remnants inJapan. Even humanbones Because of this acidic soil, remnants of waraji which was made of plants cannot As thesoilinJapan isacidicallover, nothingremains except stoneandclay. of Waraji Origins area andbecomesaguestcalmsdown atalocalgroup. long journey, 3.Anitinerantwanderer, suchasagambler, comestoacertain it means:1.Finish thejourney, 2.Settle down inahotelthemiddleof off thewarajis,"however, itmeansmore thanthat. According tothedictionary two roles atthesametime.""Waraji wonugu,"whichmeansliterallyto"take waraji wohaku,"whichmeansliterallyto"putontwopairsofwarajis,or"fill There are some conventional sayings which include the word 'waraji.' "Nisoku Phrases using'Waraji' conventional usageofJapanese. “Waraji” Thewordrice strawwaseasilyobtainableeverywhere. a hasbecome floor mat(tatami) was filledwithricestraw. Because ricewasthemainfood, been themosthandymaterialtomaketheseobjects.Even theinsideof rice warm,bootsinsnowy areas tokeepfeetwarm…Ricestrawmusthave areas: craft inrural rainhat,coat,containeranditslidtokeepcooked prepared somepairsalwaysforthenextuse.Ricestrawwork wasthemain farmer’s house. As warajis were quickly use, worn they out due to everyday so farastheyhadtime.Some pairsof warajis usedtohangonthewall in every in thefieldduringrainydaysandevenings, itwasfarmers’ work toknitwarajis Farmers worked inthefieldswhensunshined. Whentheycouldnotwork them withblueworkmen’s uniformsdyed by indigo. merchants, andother typesofworkmencarpenters, rural usedthem.They So farasIremember, warajiwere areas. worninrural Farmers, horsemen, Warajis Were Commonly Used 182 University 101 183 University 101 was collected from Boki Ekotoba, made in 1351. was collectedfrom BokiEkotoba, madein1351. made ofwood.One picture depictsa meeting ofprieststhatoccurred in1180and in pictures iswhatsomeBuddhist monkscalled Yamabushi, highfootwear, seemingly people of some status, or high rank used footwear. Another kind of footwear I found Many people, people, wereespecially ordinary drawn bare-footed. It seems that FootwearWhat Other Was Used and Who Used It? master andlived in1133-1212. This wasoriginallytakenfrom Picture Roll ofThe Lifeof Priest Honenwhowashis together forthemourningofPriest Anrakubowhowassentencedtodeathin1207. masters’ footwear attheentrance.Anotherinteresting picture depictspeoplegathered shown waitingforhismasterswhowent intothehouseasguests.He waswatchinghis Conspiracy in866,anevent ofJapan's earlyHeian period.Ayoung priestdiscipleis Ban, supposedly drawn in the late 12thcentury, depicting theevents of the Ōtemmon One significant picture wasin Ban Dainagon Ekotoba, The Taleof Great Minister tolookforfigures whichpicturedthese bookstrying footwear. collections! I checked I found about has20 wonderful books on it. The UVic Library andlookedforthebooksaboutemakimono. (1192-1333). Iwent totheUVic library story. Thepeakofemakimonoisfrom Heian Period (792-1192)toKamakura Period A possibleolderpicture isemakimono,whicharole paperwithpictures thatshow a Emakimono have tolook forevidenceofolderexistence. similar shapetowarajiexistedinJapan orearly19thcentury. inthe18thcentury We to 1858.It isoneofthefifty-three Tokaido Stations. We canconfirmthata very the following picture, The mostfamous is Ukiyoe woodblockprinting. Ihave category found Japanese art Waraji inUkiyoe Painting The onlymethodIcouldthinkofwastolookfortheminartwork. footwear made of grass were form in the Unitedfound in such perfect States. Hara Station. It is by Hiroshige Utagawa who lived from 1797 culture hadbeen keptonlyinamuseum-like wayorinastory. Tools shown inthe They have been assimilated completely into the main ethnic group now and their by theAinugroup, whichwasanethnicgroup area native inthe northern ofJapan. the custominHaida Gwaiipeople(Wisner, 2009,pp. 1-4&20) wasalsokept I pickeduptheexampleoffootwear. But thebear festival, whichwasexplainedas chronological agesitemswere foundare farawayapart. It similar, isinteresting thatsomeitemslookvery althoughthegeographicalareas and Wide Apart Similarities, andChronologically Though Geologically the topofwoodensolewascovered fine-knittedgrass withamatmadeofvery I recall anotherkindoffootwear mygrandfatherwore. It wasgetamadeofwood,but 000 years agoinNorth America (shown onp. 7ofGraham, 2009). with rain.It lookedlikejustthepicture oftheFort Rock Cave Style footwear of10, top ofitwascovered withsomethingsothatthefeetorsockswouldnotbecomewet for rainydays.It attached tothebase.The wasakindofgeta,butithadtallsupports This typeoffootwear Isawinthe geta cabinetinmychildhood.My motherwore it 184 University 101 185 University 101 Wisner, George (McLaren, & Duncan Wigen, Rebecca J. ,Mackie, &Fedje Quentin &Dary W. Hunting ).2009.Early andCeremony Bear Shirahata, Yoshi &Hamada, Takashi (ed. Picture 3HeianMuseum: II).[Japanese Period ).1970.(NihonKaigakan II] Tokyo: Shibusawa, Keizo [渋沢敬三](ed. ).1964『絵巻物による日本常民生活絵引き』 (Emakimono niyoru Nihon Lillehoj, Elizabeth (ed. ).2004.Critical Perspectives onClassicism inJapanesePainting, 1600-1700. Kii7iljuus (Wilson, BarbaraJ. )andHarris, Heather. 2005. Tllsda Xaaydas K’aaygang. nga:Long, Long Ago HaidaAncient Stories. Haida Graham, Dale(Connolly, Tom). 2009. Walking in Their Shoes. Monmouth Trumpet, April 2009, Volume 24Number3,pp. 5-7. References Howenvironment thatexistedontheearth? didtheyreach similarresults? inventions and theultimateinvention developed outfrom thehumanbrainusing these commoninventions asaresult ofacculturation?Or were theseindependent Or did two different ethnicand groupsshare meet somewhere in the long history Did ancientpeoplemigratesuchlongdistancesandleave commondevicesbehind? transcript by anarrative storieshandeddown by amajor clan. inJapan, eighth Century asthisdescriptionmatchedexactlythecontentofit.It wasa of AncientMatters” or"AnAccount ofAncientMatters", compiledintheearly this description, I doubted this might be about the document called Kojiki, “Records unobtainable from othersources” (Kii7iljuusandHarris, 2005p. 122). When Iread events, spiritual beliefsandpractices,values, andmanyotherkindsofinformation travelled, marriage patternsandrelations between groups, motivations foractionsand the namesandlocationsofplaces.Thesestoriestellplaceswhere peoplelived and ownership, crests, song,names,how medicinalplantsare used,facialpaintingsand The narrative storiesof Gaagwii Xaadagaay “describe theoriginoflands, resource a Japanese archaeological museum. picture foundintheUnited States (Largent,2009,p. 17)are, Iremember, alsoseenin on theNorthwest Pacific Coast. Monmouth Trumpet, April 2009, Volume 24Number3,pp. 1-4 &20. Kodansha. People Ebiki).Jomin Seikatsu [Life ofOrdinary inJapancompiled from Picture Scroll. ]. Tokyo: Kadokawa Shoten. 140. Gwaii: andEnvironment HumanHistory from the Time ofLoon to the Time oftheIron People, Vancouver: UBCpress, pp. 121- Joyce Cheung coloured things. Many Chinesepeopleare wearing red dresses and otherred class. On this Tuesday night, itisaChineseNew Year Day. Now, Iamtakingacomputercourse.It interesting isavery skills.Itsome new good. wasvery only thetwodaytrainingcourse.It wassogreat tolearn I had a great time. It occasion. It wonderful was a very was suddenly. Thenextday, Itookaleadershiptrainingclass. wascomingso difficulttime,because everything a very his father had passed away. I was so sad and so sorry. It was Last Friday, Imetmyfriendatabusstop, hetoldmethat moment. are goingtocelebrate this amazing time. It special isavery On every Tuesday I am takinga different topic atclass. We students canfindtheirfavorite subjects. understanding, Uni 201willbuildupandsomemore these tenyears, nobodywantstogive up. If peopleare Because all theclassmatesare learningandreading together, are gettingoldnow, Ineedtotakecare ofthem. My happy. father and motherare very Because myparents to school. parents askme, time.Everywonderful Tuesday Iamgoingtoschool.My is feelingsoexcited becausewe are goingtocelebratethis iscomingatUniAn amazinganniversary 201.Everyone Uni 201Student by Joyce Cheung, An AmazingAnniversary where are you going? Itellthem, I amgoing 186 University 101 187 University 101 the tenthanniversary. university. But I am so proud. And now I have to celebrate an opportunity we could not afford the schoolfeeIcould nottake a credit courseatthe collaborating andcontributinginourclass. We alsovolunteer. Because In thisengagedlearningcommunity, Iamsoproudwhois ofeveryone goodidea. have taken theleadershiptrainingcourse,whichIthinkisavery classmates andwe happy. are very It isnotalwayssoeasytolearntogether. I University 101and201are ready tocelebrateagreat anniversary. We are want tohave more freedom inCanada. in fearfrom warorfrom oppression from race,religion ornationality. They Refugee Agencyin Victoria. ThisAgency isprotecting the refugees whoare difficult.Theproblems, itcouldbecomevery government builtTheUN are escapingwarfrom Syria andothercountries.If we cannotsolve these to theeconomyinCanada.But we shouldrespect andacceptthatpeople Those non-statusimmigrantsare increasing thepopulationandcontribute thought aboutthegovernment: how tosolve theproblems thatrefugees face? I have takenaFebruary coursethatisaboutthepoliticsofrefugees. I Cynthia Stork was free todo ashepleased,unlessastronger man stopped us making assumptions about international law. Every man the generalizations, ideas orbeliefare beingrepresented by our own analysisofideasthatare beingtaken forgranted, tounderstanditonitsown terms. trying We by doing start actualized. It toapproachtextby anynew isimportant people's willtothinkandtheirbefully self- pedagogy isateachingstrategythataimstorestore the disciplined, self-monitored andself-corrective. Engaged and useful. To definecritical thinkingasself, further self- community together. Learningisatitsmost meaningful can recognize thatwe are responsible forcreating alearning opposing authorityorthosesomeproposal. We Critical thinking isaninteractive process inanygroup Stork. Then IactforHER Majesty’s Opposition, Lady Cynthia “state ofnature”. earliest daysofhumanlife,mankindlived withoutlawsina that mightharmus.Philosophers oncebelieved thatinthe the moment,lawalsostopothersfrom actingonwishes laws mayprevent usfrom doingthingswe wishtodoat freedom todomanythingstheywouldlikedo. Though fear, hatred, orannoyance. Lawsseemtolimitaperson's official by governments. Somepersonslookonlawswith toward society. Lawsare agreed onby societyandmade Laws are thatdefinepeoplesrightsand rules responsibilities Uni 201Student by Cynthia Stork, A Prose Poem Law andLaw Enforcement 188 University 101 189 University 101 theoretical dimensions ratherthanpractice. Iwillexplore the historical space. Yes there is internationallawinnuclear weapons whenIread about In development ofthoseprinciplesinthetreaty of1967 dealingwithouter Nonproliferation in1968. ofnuclearweapons of earth Geophysical year Quiet Sun Year "IQS Y". by anycountry, itsvalidity andfatewouldremain International uncertain. prevent world wartwo. But even ifinternationallawwere never againbroken 1928 "sometimescalledthePact ofParis". Which outlawed war, butdidnot That iswhytheleagueof Nations in1919andthe Kellogg Brand Pact of 29. Tuesday. World War Two andsituateinternationallaw in worldhistory. what I am reading about at the University 201 september 2015 from 08 to Political Dimensions ofInternational LawAConceptualIntroduction is Preference Poll becauseIgothelpwithrecords fromCanada.The Service me to give on experience and background my views for the 2015 Election years Prime ahead. Conservative Minister Stephen Harper is my vision for that willaffecttheincomeand wellbeing ofCanadiansnow andformany Stork cangive mypersonalopiniononaseriesofcriticalchoicesandpolicies than 100,000qualified voters andcitizens to respond. Yes, ILady Cynthia largest election opinion poll in our history, onethat invites you andmore Partyabsolutely essentialagaintoassisttheConservative aswe conductthe material, orintellectualcircumstances. My fresh inputandperspective is encounteredpeace. Essentiallythetwoparts framedby itshistorical,cultural, Grotius internationallawofwarand did,intotwoparts: the periods of war and peace during the more than 300 year that followed. the fatherofinternationallaw. International law developed slowly through jure belliitpacis“TheLawof War and Peace” in1625 year. Grotius iscalled Law of War" in Latin. The dutch author Hugo Grotius also wrote in Latin scholar Francisco de Vitoria. hewrote In the16thcentury on whatIwantedtoknow. Theearliestoftheselegalwriterswasthe Spanish me theideathatIneededtoread internationallawandgetanunderstanding unsafe thatleaderscreated lawinorder toprotect lifeandproperty. Thisgave him by force. Life,described asa"warofallmenagainstmen,"becameso De jure belli“The De De produced greenhouse gasemissions.This year isontrack tobethewarmest has beenwarmer thanitspredecessor, driven inexorably upward by human- isheatingup.The factisthat Planet Earth decadesincethe1970s Every Victoria mayors urgeactiononSyria comment.It’s spin,pure andsimple. weapons. Clark commits$1Mtosettlerefugees inB.C.,Sept. 9,Greater that theydotokeepInternational whenusingnuclear lawsafefor everyone and theyare inlifewithpeoplegivingrespect havingastruggle tothejob’s intake. Refugee’s are always making jokes about Canada’s Afghan veterans into lifeanddealingwiththehardship of life.Canadamustcontrol refugee War withRussia. AssomeofCanada’s tofitback Afghanveterans struggle Canadian Legion, rather than about Canada’s war in Iraq Cold or the new and nightmares tosuicide.Unusual thathappens tobeaboutThe news Royal at Stanford University haslinkedpoor sleepquality, insomnia,unrestful sleep satellite, islaunched.Research Suicide attheMilitary Research consortium platoon inAfghanistan.September 1962Alouette1Canada’s firstorbiting is killed,dozens are injured asU.S.aircraft mistakenlyfire ona canadian September. 1867year. September 2006Private Mark AnthonyGraham John winsthefirst A.Macdonald's party Dominion election. Conservative terrorists fly jetsintothe World Trade Centerin New York andThe Pentagon. launched against London. September. 1944 year. September 2001 islamic the Pas-de-Calais region France, ofnorthern where V1 flyingbombs were in thedevelopment ofasysteminternationallaw. Canadiantroops occupy which prohibits nonnuclearstatesfrom acquiringnucleararms,isanotherstep space. Thetreaty onthenonproliferation ofnuclear weapons of1968 year, of peace." They treat outlaws nuclear test underwater, in the air, or in outer among themostadvanced ofallthemultilateral“many sidedtreaties intime to theInternational ofJustice. Court Thenucleartestbantreaty of1963is The American republics are alsomembersofthe United Nation andparties because ofnuclearweapons andouterspacelaw. we stillusetodayforearth my own words. Thefundamentalissuesfrom 1945thatstill resonate today When analyzinginternationallawandformetoclarifyingthematerialsin about internationallaw. Alsodistinguishingpoliticalandlegalterminology. and political background of the case and scholars discussed in my finding 190 University 101 191 University 101 of watertokeep ussafefrom evilorgoodcoming from the enemybecause thelaw!Therekeep ourlives, waterandallinpart isnot aseparatebodies testing? In order todothiswe needtolook atfeelingaboutdoingthisinto current defence posture. What does international law have over missile cruise of traditionwillleave littlewiggleroom forany majorchangestoCanada’s The decadesoldconstraints,current geopolitical realities andatleastacentury Force whichstilloperatesintheSinai andObservers, Peninsula. NATIONS, inadhocoperationssuchastheMultinational alsotakingpart goals. North theUNITED atlantic treaty organizationcommand,serving ofacoalitionlike-mindednations toachieve common aspart necessary of thewilling”. Calltobesentanywhere theCanadiangovernment deems operations in Syria and Iraq were of a so-called“coalition as part undertaken against themountingfederaldebtinearly1990s. Canada’s current air 2008 financialcrashthantheLiberals were oftheirfight tocutitaspart governments in no less willing to cut the defence budget in the wake of the almost any kind of operation. In riveting stories, about the Conservative one third ineighthospitalsaround theword nocostandfor atvirtually ninety-second checklist that reduced deaths and complications by more than to theimmenselyvarious andcomplexworldofwarwhichcanproduce a international lawinhisown experience,heshows how applyingthisidea sophistication. CanadaAfghan Veteran are drawingonlearningabout technologies, andstillwe failbecausethejokeshave mind-boggling Veterans are beingtrained longer, specialize more, useever advancing properly deliver ittopeopleconsistently, correctly, safely. Canada’s Afghan complexity ofknowledge todayhasexceeded ourabilityasindividualsto International andthereason Lawplaysapart issimple:thevolume and realm oforganizedalmost every activity. to plagueusinhealthcare, government, thelaw, in thefinancialindustry world hasgiven usstupendousknow. How. Yet avoidable failures continue is at disadvantaged with all refugees inand around the world. The modern of at least the past 1, 000 years. The war against the Canada’s Afghan veteran I wantedinless thantoyears Ifeltwasupto date withthejobmarket goalsand valuesI wasseeking anew in UNI101.Anditgave mewhat denaturalization withregard tothosewhowere citizens by birth. totalitarian orhalf dictatorshipsresorted totheweapon of in all types of thelaw because international and prior to the last war, only tounderstandtheproblems human rightsforpeoplewithchronic pain.Itry Sovereignty andriseoftotalitarianregimes becausenoparadox tothose election. Andchronic pain. Critical thinkisaninteractive onthe process, onethatdemandsparticipation skills totheir reading andwritingaswell astotheirspeakingandlistening. to be seek logical to and think fair.beneath the surface, They apply these issue. Election. ca.Strive tobeclear, accurate,precise andrelevant. They that thestateofCanada’s veterans needstobeaprominent election military democratic process, andwithafederalelectioncominginOctober, we feel when reading the themagazinebecauseitalsounwaveringly supports The centralfocusofengagedpedagogyistoenablestudentsthinkcritically really explainhisrisetoeminence. Charles Foulkes, wasmore politicalanimalthanasoldier, could andfew with AmericanandNATO colleaguesin Washington andEurope. General andpoliticiansinOttawaand politiciansinOttawa withpublicservants charles Foulkes, apowerful bureaucrat who mixed easily with publicservants The keyfigure in theCanadian military From 1945to1960was General in CanadianSpecial Operation ofalllawenforcement. andprotect thesecurityofdemocracy to defenceprioritiesinthewayserve Afghanistan erahasbecomeexceedingly difficultbecausemore helpisneeded Today Brigadier Lise Bourgon past General has questions to answer about Canadian Special Operations Regiment Sergeant Andrew Doiron. Operations forces Command (CANSOFCOM)patrol mates. Doiron’s death but also in the wounding of three of his Canadian Special 192 University 101 193 University 101 might getsome fishandtakepictures Gin-Gin. itself whyGin-Gin eatsthefishoutof bowl Gin-Gin isgo blind soI We talkabouttherainwhyoceanissooverflowing lifein withwaternew treats are good. and histoesare littlecat liftingIcheckhisheartbeat himdry bath brush a walktothepark forfive ortenminutesthentakehimhomeforawaterless sleep together he tries to wake me up but I am a sound sleeper I take him for old on august 17 2016 I found you on my steps in 1997 year Gin-Gin and I waiting foryou becauseyou are slowing down you are goingtobe19years 2016, Tiger went tolive withgodsoItellGin-Gin we cantalkabout Tiger to talkmycatsandlivingaslongtheydidinloving 10 care, february buttaketimetounderstandwhatgodhasaplanforussothishelpsme earth the factgodisreal we needtotaketimeoutforwhatwe wantlive ourlifeon on thecloudswalkinwindplayoceanreunite inholyspiritwith when we are nothere butgouptotheskyshinewithsunride onearth the bibletomycats,talkingcatstellingthenwe have aplacetogo what ittakestowritecognitive activitiesthinkingformereading to thinkofideasinterest intheoretical developing. whydoesthisgive me the Uni 101coursebecausewe are learningcreative writingcourseinways lifespan. Computerized cognitive trainingoutcomes. What Ilikemostabout of cardiovascular across fitnessandtrainingoncognitive the performance accessible lifestyleactivitiesthatpromote cognitive physicalhealth.Effects for thinkingaboutdailycognitive activities.Identify potentiallyfunand together, thankyou Mrs.Stork. Theframework wastheoretical developed processes of activities in open-minded ways. Lets celebrate the ten years respectful andopen-mindedwaystoexplore withdiscovering the ideas, ideas are new expressedUNI 101 is a place to try and heard in that promote cognitive andphysicalhealth. material covered toidentifypotentiallyfunandaccessiblelifestyleactivities was thecognitive processes exercise andlifestylecross training becausethe and what’s hot.People inthe Work BCwashelpingmebutmyfavourite Sean Griswold left upperlip. These wouldgo awayafter 12-24hours andI below mychinontheleftsideand asmallerpatchonmy small perhapsacoupleofcentimeters incircumference just again. Here thepastyear orso,aftershavingIwouldhave a months. Thistimeitismy complexion thathasbetrayed me seeing several dermatologistsmyacne wascured infour in, acne. So, everything virtually afterthree years of trying and released Accutane thefirstpilltoproven tocure severe suffering from horribleacne, Roche pharmacaticak hadjust It’s mycomplexionthathasbetrayed meagain. When Iwas appearance. to bepickedoutandonfornegative aspectsofour and teenwhenrest ofuswouldgive almostanythingnot chubby kid” and“pizza face” atpointsinmylife,asachild lower status than those who can or do. Ihave been“The or economicmeans,isalwaysthesame.Relegation toa not conforming,beitby choice,genes,medicalconditions, differ from societyandtimeperiod;however the outcomeof are judgedbasedontheirappearances.Thecriteriamay There are countlessacademicstudiesproving thathumans But backtothesubjectathand. complete thevarious projects. better jobhadItakenadvantage ofthefulllengthtimeto Anxiety, sleepless nights and knowing I could have done a wellI perform under pressure, but at great cost to myself. On thesubject ofmylifelonghabitualprocrastination. Uni 102Student by Sean Griswold, An UnpleasantRe-acquaintance 194 University 101 195 University 101 most unpleasantre-acquaintance opinion ofyou isbasedontheirjudgmentofyour appearance.It hasbeena I becomeintimatelyre-acquainted, onceagainofjusthow muchpeople’s blushing …allthetime. indoor afterbeingoutdoorsinseriouslycoldweather. LooksasthoughI’m goes sored itlooksseverely chapped.Allthetime.It lookasifI’ve justcome quickly. However timeIshave myskin inthepastcoupleofmonthsevery can getawaywithskippingadayshavingasmyfacialhairdoesnotgrow that Beth Smith just asanalpha maleintheanimalkingdom does.Bill concept oftribalism. Man thetool makerwoulddominate forming abrotherhood thatexcluded womenwithinthe have understoodtheneedfor‘reciprocal altruism’ in system. Men from prehistoric ruled times andtheywould reported findingsbasedontheirexperience within that Archaeologists, locked into a male-dominant construct needs forpowerto becompetitive withprimary andstatus. through theirveins, maleshave beengeneticallyhard wired times, justassurely asthehormonetestosterone courses biology and genetics. It is assumed that from prehistoric patriarchal power basisin structure onanevolutionary theideologyofaneternal Science wouldseemtosupport 12, 000years orso. of thisproject prevents extensive coverage oftheintervening create tothepresent art, dayMosuo ofChina.Thelength when we as aspeciesfirstdeveloped theconsciousnessto dominance feature. Thispaperwillgobacktothetime strongly to anothersocietalframework,onewithoutthe structure. evidence pointing This paper will bring forth the testosterone-fuelled, club-swingingAlphaMale clan For years my image of Neanderthal society was based on 1999, p.411) conditions” James Dembocitedby (As Gottner-Abendroth, egalitarian conditions, to violent, male-dominated, warlike transitions inancienttimes,from peaceful,democratic, and “a growing numberofstudieshave demonstrated majorsocial Student Liaison by Beth Smith, Rethinking Fred Flintstone 196 University 101 197 University 101 110 years sincethewestern world learnedthatspermdesignates gender. time whenthebiologyofconception wasunknown. It’s onlybeenthelast beliefs have existed for some 1600 years, and could easily reflect back to a China whohave undergoneextensive studyin recent times.Theircultural The Mosuo are anisolatedsocietyinthemountainous region of Southwest ancestors, notfrom aman…." (Gottner-Abendroth, 1999,p. 5)."TheChildren comefrom thelandof “Biological fatherhoodmakesnosensetotheMosuo, sociallyorspiritually” times, Ipresent theMosuo ofChina. of thekindsocietalstructure thatmighthave existedinthosemostancient What mightthathave meantinpaleolithicandneolithictimes?For aglimpse developing in early evolution. Women are also the creators of life biologically. in multi-tasking. That would seem to indicate a highlevel of intelligence transmission ofinformationtodifferent ofthebrainsuchasthoseused parts connects thetwohemispheres ofthebrain.Myelin coatingallows forfaster brain ofafemalehasmore developed corpuscallosum,the bridgethat In addressing biologicalevolution, itisscientificallyproven thatthehuman 2008, p. 52). Anatolia and gradually colonized Southwest Europe (Gottner-Abendroth, Old Europe” butratherthefirstagriculturistswhomigratedfrom western the horsemen from the southern Russian steppes who Indo-Europeanized claiming“thatculture thousandsofyears withacounter-theory itwasnot well-renowned backdatingtheIndo-European archaeologist, rewrote history comprehensive fieldwork. To discredit herwork, Baron Colin Renfrew, a archaeological sitesandexaminedover 30,000sculptures ofwomenin goddesses forsome40,000years ofprehistory. She compared over 3,000 research concludedthatwomenwere priestesseswhovenerated avariety of In herbook,TheLanguageofthe Goddess (1989),Marija Gimbutas’s the fullestmodelofareal man” (Longstaff,2003, p. 30). Longstaff wrote that “the warrior – is considered by patriarchal society to be figures were produced andprobably never will” (Klejn,2006, p. 983). Why of a ‘fertility cult’. As some researchers say, "we don’t know why statues and figurines are dismissedas toys forchildren, prehistoric porn,orevidenceonly social structure continuetostandwhilethousands ofexcavated female by excavated artifacts. Why doestheconceptofeternal male-dominant and conflict art or stratification, weaponry fortification, were depicted in hunter/gatherer existence.For thousandsofyears noindication ofsocial Archaeological evidence indicates that early civilization lived an egalitarian, and theworshipofGreat Mother. Earth growth, death and rebirth are mirrored within the belief system of the Mosuo the sameclan” (Gottner-Abendroth, 1999,p. 3).Nature’s cycles ofbirth, On aspirituallevel, “Every personknows thatsheorhewillbereborn into (Gottner-Abendroth, 1999,p. 3). andno classofsuppressedno classofrulers peoplewhomustbecontrolled” power. In exactlythissense,thepeopleare free from domination.Theyhave “This patternofconsensusdoesnotallow theaccumulationofpolitical for whattheycontributetothecommunity. all theclanhouseswithincommunity. Male andfemalealikeare respected reciprocity intunewithnature andthesharingofresources equallyamongst all decisionsaffectingtheclanare made by consensus. It isasocietybasedin (Gottner-Abendroth, 1999,p. 92).It iswithinthismatriciansystemwhereby who are directly related: thebrothers ofthemother, hersons,andgrandsons." of women:theclan-mother, herdaughtersandgranddaughtersthemen people. Eachhousehasamatricianconsistingof“at leastthree generations In acommunalframework,eachclanhousecontains10to80ormore Consanguinity ismothertodaughter. Uncles are themalerole models. clan housetospendthenight.In themorninghereturns tohisclanhouse. ‘visiting marriages’. Themanlives inhisclanhouseandgoestothewoman’s person over anotherdonotapply. Conjugalrelationships couldbetermed In thisnon-oppressive society, ofmarriageandownership ourrules ofone 198 University 101 199 University 101 Ur, Jason A.:Cycles Media, Science+Business Mesopotamia,4400–2000BC,Springer ofCivilization inNorthern on Tisese: ADocumentary Three Mosuo Women, 7,2013.https: //www. youtube. January com/ Renfrew, Colin. CARTA: IsUnique? Archaeological theHumanMind Evidence for Mind, videohttps: //www. youtube. Longstaff,Bill. Confessions ofaMatriarchist, on Society Rebuilding Feminine Principles,Ballot Publishing, 2003. LeoKlejn, S,[email protected], Figures, figurinesand Colin Renfrew. Published Antiquity, Vol. 80 Issue 310, Gottner-Abendroth, Heide. The Structure ofMatriarchal Societies, ReVision, Vol. 21Issue 3,1999. Gottner-Abendroth, Heide (ed. ofPeace, )Societies matriarchies pastpresent andfuture, papers, selected First Gottner-Abendroth, Heide. Matriarchal Societies, Studies onIndigenousCultures Across theGlobe, Peter Lang Gimbutas, Marija. The World (video)https: oftheGoddess //www. youtube. com/watch?v=yU1bEmq_pf0 Gimbutas, Marija, The Language oftheGoddess, Thames andHudsonLtd. ,1989. Boyle, Katie, Renfrew, Colin &Levine, Marsha.Ancient interactions: eastandwest inEurasia, Institute McDonald for References archaeological societytorethink theirFred Flintstone. structure andIbelieve thishas been accomplished. Perhaps it’s timeforthe evidenceofanalternateprehistoricThis papersetouttobringforth social been absent during the first 40,000 years ofour earlysocialdevelopment. -oppressive societyisthe‘fatherhood factor’; afactorwhichmaywell have economic, social,politicalandculturalsystems. What’s missinginthisnon the Mosuo, we seeamatriarchal socialstructure whereby womenleadinthe terms matriarchy andpatriarchy cometobetermsofdominance?Lookingat the beginning.Thus,archaeology isthestudyofbeginnings. Whendidthe The root definition oftheorigin'archeo' is Greek andmeanstobeginor for thousandsofyears? similartothatoftheMosuosocial construct mighthave existeduniversally is itsodifficultforthe archaeological societytoacceptthepossibilitythata 2010. watch?v=WjqBAZfhuT0 com/watch?v=kzBlqvwLM_w 2013. p980-984, 2006. Publications andEducation Inc. ,2009. World Congress onMatriarchal Studies, 2003.Second World Congress Studies, onMartriarchal 2005.Inanna Publishing, 2008. Archaeological Research, 2002. Perhaps it’s timefor thearchaeological society to rethink theirFred Flintstone. Look back.Remember. Once we lived inharmony. We have forgotten. This isagoodthing. adapts ustochanges. Brain Plasticity into harmony. Redesign socialsystems Winners andlosers? Is thistheupside? but we get topickourmasters. We are allwageslaves the systemsinvolved. increases understanding The Uni program and nature don’t mix. Industrialization The reality realization. Uni opensoureyes to Critical thinking by Beth Smith Haiku: Uni-ized 200 University 101 201 University 101 time when my personal world was shrinking in perspective and participation, time whenmy personalworldwasshrinking inperspective andparticipation, diet, exercise, cognitive challenges (learning) and social engagement. In a that recent studiesindicate thatwe can retain mentalacuitythrough: ahealthy issues withageandthrough surgery. In Uni 201, Timothy Lukyn taughtus Being anelder, precious tome.Strength timeisvery andstaminahave become me connectedwithUni 101foraslongI’m able. of passionthrough theirengagementinthisprogram. Thisiswhatwillkeep reward ofmyinvolvement isseeingafellow catchthatsamefire participant course so that I might become a student liaison. Personally, the biggest past 18months,duringwhichtimeItookThe Summer Leadership Institute My personalinvolvement withthisamazingprogram hasonlybeeninthe of neurons firingupallcontributetowards thefeelingof revitalization. passion hasbeenreignited, joy thatwonderful oflearningandthestimulation dramatically since connectinginto this learning community. The sense of I remember feelinglikeI’d won the‘bigone’ lottery. Lifehaschanged The dayI received thecallthatI’d beenacceptedintothe Uni 101program Circumstances were suchthatIbecameahermit. onmassmediascreams ‘manipulation’everything ratherthaninformation. definitely saves money. place. For me,theworldhadbecomeascary It seems Finances frequently playarole inourlackofsocialengagement.Staying home take thingsforgranted.Iamoneofmanyelderswhoisolatethemselves. when allthatonceheldsuchcharmbecomescommonplaceandit’s easyto fascinated by whatIsaw, heard andtouchedinearlychildhood.It islater, A by Beth Smith Transformations hours reading and looking at the pictures. Like most kids I was was lucky as we had a set of encyclopedias and I remember spending s children, out with wea fantastic sense of wonder. start My family support, inspiresupport, andtransformlives. the studentsandbusinessesallthoseIfailedtolist. Together we all program, the volunteers, theadministrators,facilitators,departments, whocontributestheirtimeandenergyfundingtothis everyone I wouldliketoconcludeby expressing mytremendous appreciation to community atlarge. take this information and distribute it amongst our friends, family and the Everything we learninthisprogram contributes toourpersonalgrowth. We creates. of experience and wisdom in the sharing and caring environment Uni 101 along came Uni 101. I feel Ican contribute the benefit ofmy60+ years 202 University 101 203 University 101 thinking aboutit." an actualdismissalofdisabledbodiessometimeswithouteven term isAbleism. Here isadefinitionofableism: “Ableism is aila Prins. What’s your excuse (For Perpetuating Fitspo’s Ableist Narrative)? 1 A Student Liaison by Terri-LynneBeaton, Ableism lucky as passengers told me I was on the correct bus. They even lucky aspassengerstoldmeI was onthecorrect bus.Theyeven I couldread, even thoughIcouldbarely formsentences.Iwas because themajorityofpeople canread. Thebusdriver assumed and toldmetoread thesign.Thisisanexampleof Ableism while. In this state I cannot read. The bus driver became angry Postictal Confusionisconfusion thatlastsalittleorlong a seizure, so I asked the bus driver if this was the bus to Sooke. far. Ihave Epilepsy andIwashavingPostictal Confusionafter fine,however,look perfectly theyare sotired theycannotgo Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS).ThepeoplewithCFSmay disabilities suchaslearningdisabilities,Epilepsy, Autism and Some people look able-bodied; however, they have invisible from thefront ofthebusforamotherwithbaby stroller. People who have invisible disabilities have been asked to move quote research thatreinforces andthoughts. myobservations things thatare madeforable-bodiedpeople.Finally, Iwill personally.or thatIhave observed Iwillalsopointouteveryday describe three incidentsofAbleism thathave happenedtome I know firsthandhow thiscanhappen. In thisessay, Iwill

“Everyday Feminism” [blog]April 12015. K providers that I have observed and experienced. The providers andexperienced.The thatIhave observed was aword thatdescribestheresponses from service s apersonwithinvisibledisabilities,Ineverthere knew

1 Asapersonwithaninvisibledisability,

nne Beaton nne y Terri-L you, ableism–didn'tletme preboard. Ifreaked outandcurled upintoasilent disability wasdenied.Ionly needed topreboard[... ]But AmericanAirlines–and airplane oncewhentheaccommodations request Imadeformyinvisible GreenCheryl hadthefollowing experience:“Capital removed me from an us follow. of peoplerealized theywere inthewrong lineandmoved. Thismadethe rest of must beabletoread English toknow where togetofftheferry. Finally abunch the door. Theseare bothhighup sonotmanypeoplecan read themand you waited in the wrong line for a long time. There are written directions on top of invisible disabilityIcouldnotfindthecorrect placetodisembark theferry.I if someone with a physical disability needed it. As a walk-on passenger with an about takingthisspot,however, I would have Ihadnochoice.knew tomove people with physicaldisabilities (wheelchairs and walkersetc). I didn’t feel right because ofmylargebodysize. Fortunately Ifoundatablethatwasmeantfor and tall. There were many empty seats,but I couldnot get tomost of them 2 into someaesthetic‘ideal.'” “completely ignores thepossibilitythatsomebodiescannotorwillnottransform bodysize andcanfitbetween hastheperfect theseaisles.This that everyone noticed inthecafeteria,aislesbetween theseatsare sonarrow. Thisassumes elevators are hard tofindif you don’t normallytravel withBC Ferries. I Next difficult. The astaffpersonnoticedandhelpedhimuptheramp. Fortunately wheelchair hadtobepushedupthesteepramp. He wasby himself, sothiswas There are thingsaboutBC afew Ferries thatpromote Ableism. a First, amanin wheelchairs. There isalittlebitmore room forwalkers. wheelchair spotswere taken.It mustbenotedthatthere are onlytwospotsfor is the able-bodiedpeoplehad the ability to walk on the bus and stand up. The all theable-bodiedpeoplewere allowed togetonthebus.The reason forthis I have witnessed peopleinwheelchairsbeingleftbehindatthebusstop, while with alearningdisabilitythatcannotread allofthetime? told mewhatstoptogetoffatsoIcouldhomesafely. Whataboutpeople

ibid 2 The perfect bodysize forBC Theperfect Ferries aislesissmall 204 University 101 205 University 101 mily K. Michael. bymily K. Surprised Disability. 5 antiago Solis. I’m ‘Coming Out’ as Disabled, butI’m ‘Staying in’ on andImposed toElected Rest:Reflecting Green. Ableism: It’s Dear heryl Not Me. It’s Really, Really You. 4 3 This attitudeiscalled'slippage',asdefined by EmilyK. Michael ball[... ]ThepilotdecidedIposedasafetyhazard." can addressed. can addressed. take allpreboarding requests seriously. Theseare justsomeoftheways Ableism have totaketheonlywheelchairaccessiblespotinrestaurant. Airlinesmust room between theaislesinrestaurant. Thatwayalargerpersonwouldnot to elevators withpictures andarrows alongtheway. Theycanalsomakemore by simplyaddingmore wheelchairspacesonbuses.Theferriescanlabeltheway need to create more space for people with physical disabilities. This can be done there systems issuchathingasinvisibledisabilities.Thesesametransportation companies could save a lot of time, embarrassment and legal action by realizing closely atinvisibledisabilitiesandphysicaldisabilities. Thesetransportation systems suchasferries,planes,andbuseslookedmore helpful iftransportation assuming thattheyare toolazytofindanotherseatorstand. It wouldalsobe that peoplesittingatthefront ofthebushave invisibledisabilities,insteadof Learning Disabilities, CFS,andmanymore; ifforexamplesocietyassumed to beaware oftheissuesaround hiddendisabilitiessuchasEpilepsy, Autism, providers,this problem can be solved, service corporations, and individuals need I have the same thoughts and recommendations about Ableism. I believe before Santiago Solis, whohasCFSandaLearningDisability (LD)says: ok. accommodation thatwouldhave madeeverything Ableism. Someone small whohasaninvisibledisabilitythataskedforavery

E Segregation. Equity andExcellence inEducation 39.2(May 2006):p146-153 S C could possiblyholdafulltimejob. LD couldbesoacademicallyaccomplishedandhow someonewithCFS of disability. It isdifficultforthemtocomprehend how someonewith coworkers andstudentsdonot necessarilybelieve thatIhave anytype and/or encouragingresponse isnever guaranteed...Ihave learnedthat I amcautiousofdisclosingmydisabilitystatusbecauseasupportive Narrative 3.3(2013):p207-210. in Bioethics Inquiry 4 Adios Barbie [blog]March 23,2015. 3 This is a clear example of Thisisaclearexampleof 5 . was elatedtofindoutthat the Greyhound coupleare suspects inseveral Kitty turned onmycomputerand typed,“Mr. andMrs.Greyhound” intoGoogle. I office,acrossI went I thestreet backtomycomfortable from theCourthouse. day, heldtrialover untiltomorrow. Elaine hadtogoback tothekennel. on Google. The Judge grantedtheintermissionandgiven thelatehourof I askedtheJudge foraquickintermission. This wassoIcouldcheckthingsout Theyfinally reply,nervous. “We were outforastroll." The Judge allows thequestion. The Greyhound couplelooksleek and quite Silly KittensCafe,attwointhemorning?” “Your Honour, what wastheGreyhound coupledoinginthedark alleybehind only waytofind Elaine innocentistocatchtheguiltyparty. My canIdo?Elaine thoughtswere, issobeautifulandinnocent."The “What The Judge wasclearlyprejudiced againstbeautiful,talented,sleekfelines. of reason, butIhadtostop. The Judge threatened mewithcontemptofcourt. again bangshisgavel. Thensays,“Motion denied." Itriedtoappealhissense amotiontodismissongrounds ofcircumstantial evidence.The I willtry Judge to listen,buthejustwouldnot. andy Larson. Cottonwood Press (1993) 1 Y was caughtatthescenesittingonrimofdumpsterthatheldbodies…” "Two Poodles updeadasdogdishesonHalloween turned nightandElaine Calico Creative Class. Writing asawritingprompt from started the This story University 101 Summer 2015 by Terri-LynneBeaton Howling For Justice

R The Judge bangshisgavel andsays,“No." ThenItriedtogetthe Judge peers here, oreven herdumpsterdivingfelinefriends. our honour, jury. firstofall,Iwouldlikeanew There are none ofher 1 206 University 101 207 University 101 he has some solid leads. he hassomesolid leads. pack dogsthat maybeinvolved in therobberies. Afteralotofsniffing around will have toinvestigate further. His Kennel friendsputhimontosomestrange Grey had somethingtodowiththemurders, but he can’t prove anything.He Kennel, tofindoutmore aboutthe robberies. Shep thinksthat Mr. andMrs. Shep sniffing around rightaway. starts bytalkingtohiscontactsatthe Hestarts company car. Beeg hasabetteroutlookonlifenow. He hurriesbacktohisoffice inthe “Ok rightaway." Iwillgetstarted Beeg answers, “Iknow allthemore reason tohelpher." “Remember, Miss Calicohaseighteenkittens." “Oh ahImeanMiss Calico." “Elaine." “Ok it’s adeal!Hurry Idon’t wantElaine tospendanothernightintheKennel." needandwant." every at thecompanyresort. You know theone,where thehumansattendtoour “Ok you know my usualterms: A big T-bone steak,plusexpenses, and a week Especially onMr. andMrs.Grey andanyotheroftheiraliases." “I needyou togetthebackground ontheKittyCafeDinner Robberies. “What’s upBeeg?” “Shep Ihave acaseforyou, ifyou are interested." free aslonghedoesalittlenightsecuritywork. Germ getsacallfrom Beeg. office isinaauto recycle yard inthebad area of town. Germ’s officeis provided Germ Shep isinhisoffice. Notquiteasnicehislawyer friends Beeg. Germ’s andsave poorbeautifulElaine. to try call myfriendGerm Shep to help Elaine. He caninvestigate whileIcontinue I can’t prove anything, but now at least I have something to work with. I will Grey, Mr. andMrs.Fast, andMr. andMrs.Smith. Cafe Robberies. Mr. andMrs.Greyhound hadaliasessuchas:Mr. andMrs. friends at the kennel. friends atthekennel. 1C-111CatStreet.him atapartment Shep arranges backup from hisshepherd good results from poundingthepavement. He callsBeeg andarrangestomeet calls. Shep hitsthestreets again,barking toanyone whowouldlisten. Shep gets extreme confidencethathewillgethisdear Elaine off. Hefuriouslymakes With thisknowledge theyinvestigate further. Beeg goesbacktohisofficewith thattheycan’tCafe robberies. At thispointitisonlyatheory prove. is discovered thatCocaineKittyisactuallyMr. Big behindthestringofKitty They discussthecase over T-bone steaks.Astheyshare theirinformation, it Shep andtheyagree tomeetatThe Doggies Dish Restaurant inabackbooth. informant letsBeeg inonasecret abouttheKittyCaferobberies. Beeg calls Back office, Beeg inhiscomfortable receivesThe acall from aninformant. and knows how tousethem.Thelovely vindictive. Miss C.Kittycanbe very friends lethimknow nottomesswithCocaineKitty. She hasrazor sharpclaws “Oh Isee,”saidGerm Shep. He exitsthekenneltodigdeeper. His packdog kittens. He leftmeandwent backtoCocaineKitty." up inthealleybehindKittyCafe.In factheisthefatherofmyeighteen “Cocaine Kittyhasbeenjealousofmeever since Tom CatandIusedtomeet she wasinvolved intheKittyCafeRobberies." “I have alead onCocaineKitty, butIneedtoknow more abouther. Ibelieve we were inourteens." Maybe eachother. of new we“Why? sort We usedtochaseyarntogetherwhen you know CocaineKitty?” Finally, Beeg agrees to let Shep talk to hisclient.Shep asksMiss Calico, “Do “Never mindjustletmespeakwithyour clientBeeg." for?” “What client?” He gives Beeg acall."Beeg, Ihave but can Italkto your some good news, 208 University 101 209 University 101 ways. ways. Elaine, butdecidedagainstbeing aDad to hereighteenkittens.They parted eighteen kittens. She was grateful to Beeg and Shep. Shep on still had a crush Elaine Calicowasreleased from thekennelandallowed togobackher Kitty hasnochoicebuttosurrender. She hissedthewholewaytokennel. dogs jumpedoutoftheircarsandsurrounded theCatHouse. Miss Cocaine While all of this was happening, sirens were getting closer. Then the kennel monies. Those Poodles were alsogoingtocatmeoutasKingpinofthedogs." "Those were meoutontheKittyCafe noinnocentdogs.Theyshorted Robbery “Yes butyou murdered twoinnocentdogs." kittens." as longElaine isfree, Tom mightgobacktoher. If onlytoseehiseighteen “It was revenge for Elaine stealing my Tom Cat. Yes, Tom came backtome,but didyou murder “Why thoseinnocentdogsatthecafe?”Beeg said. Canine Community, butyour brothers knew." home. She raisedyouwellfrom with her pups.Thiswashiddenthe very Shepherd mother, namedChelseyputyou inhermouthandbrought you nasty human.Thiswaswhen you were onlythree daysold.A young German “Yes butwe foundoutabout youa road, beingdumpedoffonadirt by “Are you kiddingme?Iamakittyandcatshatedogs!” Mr. Big, intheKittyCafeRobberies. We alsoknow you ordered thehit!” Germ Shep said,“Game's over CocaineKitty. We know allaboutyou being areMiss you barking Kittylookedassexycanbeandasked,“What about?” “Put your pawsintheairanddon’t move, ”barked Shep. Beeg and Shep quietlyascended thestairsandsurprisedCocaineKitty. They managedtobribetheviciouslooking Pit Bull withtwo T-bone steaks. guarding theCatHouse, where CocaineKittywasgettingherspatreatment. They locatethe111-1Candtotheirastonishmentthere wasahuge Pit Bull Germ andBeeg go toaseedyneighbourhoodinthearea oftheKitty Cafe. the things are done by computer. I can do some of my volunteer work by I am so glad I chose that option! I volunteer at several places and most of computer. journal inelectronically. Yes Ididhave help, butIstillediteditand wrote by to do that. As I gained confidence with the computer, I was able to hand my intheoldfashioned way,entry by paperand pen.Iwassosure Iwasgoing self esteem and confidence. At first I had the option of putting my journal my writingreally improved. (Bothkindsanalyticalandcreative. )Igained I alsogainedalotfrom thelearningtolearnsectionsofclass.For example understand thattheyhadagoodpoint. talk. Funnyeach other and let everyone thing, sometimes after discussion I mean Ihave toagree ortheyhave toagree withme,butwe allhave torespect is ok to give an opinion, but I also have to listen with respect. This does not critically. Here aspectofsmallgroups forme;Ilearnedit istheimportant ofthinking I likedthefactthatwe couldaskquestionsasthisisapart people anddiscusstopicsindeeperdetail. more friendsover conversation. Ifoundthatwaswhenreally gottoknow full stomach.However, itwasn’t justthenutrition,becauseatdinnerImade knowsmeals togetherinthecafeteria.Aseveryone itiseasiertolearnona students. The class gave me a real sense of community. We eat nutritious The firstnightofthe program Imadefriends.amstillfriendswiththose I wasacceptedintotheprogram. I finallydecidedtofindoutaboutthe program. Iputmyapplicationinand heard abouttheUni 101Program, butIdidn’t thinkIcouldgotouniversity. At age49, IgraduatedhighschoolatEMCS.wondered what next?Ihad I am a Student Liaison with the Uni 101 Program. My name is Terri-Lynne. by Terri-LynneBeaton Uni 101Program 210 University 101 211 University 101 then Iwillalsobeabletohelpthegreater community. develop more skills. As I know it will add to my sense of communityand tothissummer’sI amlookingforward leadershipprogram tolearnand affairs. their opinionsonthingsIlearned. We have civiliseddiscussionsonworld proud! Ibelievewhole familyisvery ineducationandtheyliketogive me better withmyfamily. Ifindamlessjudgementalandblaming. My Uni 101hasaffectedmylifeforthebetterinmanyways.Ieven get along ofUnipossible becauseIwasabletobeapart 101. on.ThIshelp before opportunity Idecidedtotakethiswonderful isall community andformyself. Imadesure Igathered enoughknowledge and awareness forEpilepsy. Yes itisscary, butIknow Icandothisforthe showI gainedsomuchconfidencethatamputtingonanart toraise professionally. coworkers atHeadway have really noticedadifference inmepersonallyand Violent Communication.Ialsolearnedhow tofacilitateworkshops. My helped me to bea betterThe communicator, Leadership part through Non In thesummerinstituteofUni 101,ItookLeadershipandCreative Writing. Victoria Epilepsy andParkinson’s Newsletter. computer from fortheHeadway home.Ihave alsowrittensomearticles I am no longer silent. I am finding my voice. - Anonymous, Uni 201 Student

DIVERGENT/ DIVERGENT/ CONVERGENT

Journal of the University 101 Program The University 101 program makes knowledge more accessible by offering free, non-credit, academic courses to students who have faced barriers to post-secondary education. Two core courses are offered, Uni 101 - Humanities and Uni 102 - Social Sciences. Alumni programming includes the Uni 201 course and Leadership Program. Respect and value for the students’ knowledge, experiences, and differences are the foundations of the program. The program strives to be inclusive and to foster collaborative learning. thoughtful intentional expressive