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Integrated Surface Water and Groundwater Assessment of Large

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Integrated Surface Water and Groundwater Assessment of Large Integrated Surface Water and Groundwater Assessment of Large Springs in the Green River Basin (BMU4, Round 2) By Robert J. Blair, P.G., Joseph A. Ray, P.G. (ret.) and Phillip W. O’dell, P.G. Groundwater Section Watershed Management Branch Bryan S. Marbert Monitoring Section Water Quality Branch Peter T. Goodmann Assistant Director Kentucky Division of Water 200 Fair Oaks Lane Frankfort, KY (502) 564-3410 [email protected] Grant Number: Workplan Number: N/A (Re-obligated Funds) NPS Project Number: 05-03 MOA or Grant Agreement Number: N/A Project Period: 1/2005-10/2010 January 17, 2012 2 “The Environmental and Public Protection Cabinet (EPPC) does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age, religion, or disability. The EPPC will provide, on request, reasonable accommodations including auxiliary aids and services necessary to afford an individual with a disability an equal opportunity to participate in all services, programs and activities. To request materials in an alternative format, contact the Kentucky Division of Water, 200 Fair Oaks Lane, Frankfort, KY 40601 or call (502) 564-3410. Hearing and speech-impaired persons can contact the agency by using the Kentucky Relay Service, a toll-free telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD). For voice to TDD, call 800-648-6057. For TDD to voice, call 800-648-6056. Funding for this project as provided in part by a grant from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA) as authorized by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1987, §319(h) Nonpoint Source Implementation Grant #(C9994861-00). The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S.EPA or KDOW nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement. This document was printed on recycled paper.” All springs and related karst features used in this study are on private property. Do not visit any of these sites unless you have talked to the landowner and been granted permission for access. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES and TABLES................................................................................................... 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. 5 CONVERSION FACTORS .................................................................................................6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. 7 INTRODUCTION and BACKGROUND ....................................................................................... 8 Project Description .............................................................................................................. 9 Previous Investigations ..................................................................................................... 10 PHYSIOGRAPHIC and HYDROGEOLOGIC SETTING ............................................................ 13 Green River Basin……………………………………………………………………… . 14 Physiographic Regions………………………………………………………………… .. 14 Hydrogeologic Setting of Study-Area Springs… . ………………………………………15 Landcover and Land Use…… .. ………………………………………………………....18 Groundwater Use…………… ………………………………………………...…………19 MATERIALS and METHODS… .................................................................................................. 20 Introduction………………………………………………………………… ……………20 Sample Collection Methods .............. ……………………………………………………21 Graphical Methods ............................................................................................................ 22 Site Selection……………………………………………………………... ...................... 23 Tracer Test Methods ......................................................................................................... 23 WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENTS .......................................................................................... 27 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………… 27 Goodman Springs…… ...…………………………………………………………………27 Gorin Mill Spring……………………………………………………………………… .. 28 Graham Spring……………………………… .. …………………………………………29 Head of Rough River Spring…………… . ………………………………………………30 Lost River Rise………………………………………………………………………… .. 30 Mahurin Spring…………………………… ..... …………………………………………31 McCoy Bluehole ............................................................................................................... 31 Mill Spring ........................................................................................................................ 32 Nolynn Spring ................................................................................................................... 32 Skees Karst Window #1 (Waddell Spring basin) ............................................................. 33 MACROINVERTIBRATE COMMUNITY EVALUATION ....................................................... 34 TRACER TEST RESULTS ........................................................................................................... 45 Nolynn Spring ................................................................................................................... 46 Heady Big Spring .............................................................................................................. 50 Cemetery Big Spring......................................................................................................... 51 Mill Spring ........................................................................................................................ 54 Goodman Springs ............................................................................................................. 59 Waddell Spring ................................................................................................................. 60 Hawkins Bluehole ............................................................................................................. 61 Copelin Spring…………………………………………………....................................... 63 Karst Flow Deviation and HUC Assessment .................................................................... 64 Unit Base Flow Assessment .............................................................................................. 67 CONCLUSIONS............................................................................................................................ 69 LITERATURE CITED .................................................................................................................. 71 Appendix A. Financial and Administrative Closeout ................................................................... 78 Detailed Budget ................................................................................................................ 80 Appendix B. Quality Assurance/Quality Control for Water Monitoring ...................................... 81 4 LIST OF FIGURES and TABLES Figure 1. Map of Study Area Springs .......................................................................... Hyperlinked Figure 2. Lack of Surface Drainage in Mississippian Plateau Karst Region ............... Hyperlinked Figure 3. Simplified Water Quality Assessment Checklist .......................................... Hyperlinked Figure 4. Karst Atlas Dye Trace Map Legend ............................................................. Hyperlinked Figure 5. Anchor System for Dye Receptors ............................................................... Hyperlinked Figure 6. Typical Dye Curve Analyzed on Spectrofluorophotometer ......................... Hyperlinked Figure 7. Primary Contact Recreation (PCR) Assessment for Springs ........................ Hyperlinked Figure 8. Warm-water Aquatic Habitat (WAH) Assessment for Springs .................... Hyperlinked Figure 9. Goodman Springs Photograph ...................................................................... Hyperlinked Figure 10. Goodman Springs Groundwater Basin Map ................................................. Hyperlinked Figure 11. Goodman Springs 305(b) Assessment Checklist .......................................... Hyperlinked Figure 12. Gorin Mill Spring Photographs .................................................................... Hyperlinked Figure 13. Gorin Mill Spring Groundwater Basin Map ................................................. Hyperlinked Figure 14. Gorin Mill Spring 305(b) Assessment Checklist .......................................... Hyperlinked Figure 15. Graham Spring Photograph .......................................................................... Hyperlinked Figure 16. Graham Spring Groundwater Basin Map (Wilkerson Bluehole) .................. Hyperlinked Figure 17. Graham Spring 305(b) Assessment Checklist .............................................. Hyperlinked Figure 18. Head of Rough River Spring Photographs ................................................... Hyperlinked Figure 19. Head of Rough River Spring Groundwater Basin Map ................................ Hyperlinked Figure 20. Head of Rough River Spring 305(b) Assessment Checklist ......................... Hyperlinked Figure 21. Lost River Rise Photograph .......................................................................... Hyperlinked Figure 22. Lost River Rise Groundwater Basin Map ..................................................... Hyperlinked Figure 23. Lost River Rise 305(b) Assessment Checklist .............................................. Hyperlinked Figure 24. Mahurin Spring Photograph ........................................................................
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