May 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13185 Senate of the State of Hawaii, relative to 122. Also, a memorial of the Legislature of Mr. STANGELAND introduced a bill (H.R. Federal insurance of mortgages on leasehold the State of Hawali, relative to retention of 6832) for the relief of Dr. Salvador S. Sam­ property; to the Committee on Banking, the cost-of-living allowance for Federal em­ Finance and Urban Affairs. bitan, which was referred to the Committee ployees with milltary commissary and post on the Judiciary. 116. Also, a memorial of the Senate of the exchange privileges in Hawali; to the Com­ State of Hawaii, relative to maintaining the mittee on Post Office and Civil Service. current level of aid to federally impacted 123. Also, a memorial of the Senate of the areas for educational programs in the State State of Hawali, relative to extending na­ of Hawaii; to the Committee on Education tional pollution discharge elimination sys­ PETITIONS, ETC. and Labor. tem permits in Hawaii; to the Committee on 117. Also, a memorial of the Legislature of Public Works and Transportation. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions the State of Hawaii, relative to amending 124. Also, a memorial of the House of and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk the State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act of Representatives of the State of Hawaii, rela­ and referred as follows: 1972; to the Committee on Government Op­ tive to extending the dead line relating to erations. the elimination of shipboard animal waste 98. By the SPEAKER: A petition of the 118. Also, a memorial of the Senate of the discharges; to the Committee on Public City Council, Westminster, Calif., relative to State of Hawaii, relative to crown land Works and Transportation. low-cost spaying and neutering climes; to claims; to the Committee on Interior and 125. Also, a memorial of the Legislature of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Insular Affairs. the Territory of the Virgin Islands, relative Commerce. 119. Also, a memorial of the Legislature of to establishment of a veterans hospital in 99. Also, a petition of the City Council, the Territory of Guam, relative to Fed~ral the Virgin Islands; to the Committee on Wilkes-Barre, Pa., relative to low-cost spay­ land takings in Guam; to the Committee Veterans' Affairs. ing and neutering clinics; to the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. 120. Also, a memorial of the Legislature of 126. Also, a memorial of the House of Rep­ on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. the Territory of the Virgin Islands, relative resentatives of the State of Hawaii, relative 100. Also, a petition of the American Le­ to allowing the Legislature of the Virgin Is­ to the distribution of Federal funds in Ha­ gion Post No. 3, Lincoln, Nebr., relative to lands the power to override line-item vetoes waii; jointly, to the Committees on Educa­ changes in the method of payment of vet­ of the Governor; to the Committee on Inte­ tion and Labor, Government Operations, and erans' benefits; to the Committee on Vet­ rior and Insular Affairs. Public Works and Transportation. erans' Affairs. 121. Also, a memorial of the Senate of the 101. Also, a petition of the City Council, State of Indiana, relative to extending the Philadelphia, Pa., relative to renewal of the deadline for automobile emission controls· PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS to the Committee on Interstate and Forei~ multifiber textile agreement; to the Com­ Commerce. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, mittee on Ways and Means. E·XTENSIONS OF REMARKS

WHY VIETNAM PUT OUT THE RED demands for some of the $3.25 billion of wants to normalize relations with Vietnam. CARPET reconstruction aid it claimed Richard Nixon, Answering a question on his phone-in radio when President, promised it if it would sign program March 5, he said Vietnam needed the 1973 peace agreement. trade with the outside world so that it would HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. One clause of the treaty provided for U.S. not be completely dependent on the other post-war aid to North Vietnam. Another pro­ Communist countries. He neglected to add OF VIRGINIA vided for Hanoi's help in accounting for dead they cannot give it what it needs. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES and missing Lmericans estimated to number In his apparent eagerness to recognize and help the Vietnamese Communist regime, the Monday, May 2, 1977 about 2500. On March 3 a Vietnamese Foreign Min­ President seemed to be applying the appar­ Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi­ istry spokesman said the United States must ent double standard that has marked the dent. Kingsbury Smith, the able national "disassociate itself from this erroneous pol­ selective morality of his foreign policy. icy.. of wanting information on missing While he and the State Dep~rtment have editor of the Hearst newspapers, began a risked impairment of relations with Russia, recent news analysis with this sentence: Americans but not wanting to provide the promised aid. Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Ethiopia by "Vietnam's Communist rulers want In his first meeting with Woodcock this taking a strong stand on the violation of American taxpayers' money badly." week, Vietnamese Prime Minister Pham Van human rights in those countries, his secre­ I ask unanimous consent that the text Dong made it clear Hanoi considers America tary of state, Cyrus Vance, told the Seilll.te of this article be printed in the RECORD. still committed to the Nixon promise of $3.25 that South Korea's strategic importance to the United States out-weighed concern over There being no objection, the article billion. As~ert1ng that the question "does not was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, relate to Mr. Nixon but to the United States," human rights. he said: "This is not just a question of money So, apparently, does Vietnam's undefined as follows: importance to America outweigh concern [From the Boston Herald American, Mar. 20, but of national responsibility and honor." Either the man has colossal nerve or he over the inhuman treatment of those South 1977] thinks Americans are dopes. Henry Kissinger, Vietnamese who were loyal allies of the WHY VIETNAM PuT OUT THE RED CARPET as secretary of state, made it clear on June United States. (By Kingsbury Smith) 18, 1975, that the North Vietnamese military From almost every non-Oommunist foreigner who has left Saigon in recent WASHINGTON.-Vietnam's Ccmmunist rul­ conquest of South Vietnam in flagrant viola­ tion of the peace treaty invalidated that months comes reports of the ruthless re­ ers want American taxpayers' money badly. pression of the South Vietnamese popula­ That was clearly evident in the smiling re­ agreement and that all American undertak­ ings in the peace accords thereby became tion, and especially of those who collabo­ ception the first U.S. official mission to Viet­ rated with the American forces. nam received on its arrival in Hanoi. null and void. One former American ambassador to South One of the latest reports comes from The red carpet welcome included liVliig Father Andre Gelinas, a French Canadian quart.ers that United Auto Workers President Vietnam told me U.S. has no moral obliga­ tion whatsoever to help the Vietnamese Com­ Catholic priest who lived in Vietnam from Leonard Woodcock, chief of the American 1948 until he was expelled last year-15 delegation, said were so comfortable "I would munist regime. Nor does he understand why the Carter administration considers it in months after the fall of Saigon. feel well even if I were tired." In an article published in the Washington Quite a difference from the brutal treat­ American national interests to help stren~

GROWTH RATES AND ECONOMIC INDEXES [In percent)

Average Total Average Real disposable Real annual Government unemployment income investment Real ouptut Money supply inflation rate spending rate

195(}-55_ ------+17 +14 +30 +16 2. 5 +61 4. 0 1955-60_------+14 +2 +14 +7 1.6 +39 5. 0 196Q-65 •. ------+16 +35 +35 +19 1.2 +38 5. 7 1965-70_ ------+21 +1 +19 +29 3.6 +65 13.4 197(}-76------+17 +4 +15 +38 6.0 +87 5. 9

1 Indicates war years with major draft. No objective economist reviewing this his­ past 26 years was under John F. Kennedy, Real investment growth was the highest tory can fall to come up with the same con­ from 1960 to 1965. During this period, which in modern history. clusion we reluctantly came to: The best included one "Eisenhower budget" and four Inflation was the lowest in modern his­ economic record of any government in the "Kennedy budgets:'' tory. May 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13187 Real industrial output growth was the Mr. Kennedy was impressed by the sharp socialism which the Democrats now seem to greatest of any period. contrast of Germany's booming economy with have adopted. Money supply grew less 60 percent as fast Great Britain's self-destructive labor-domi­ as output. nated welfare state-and he came back and sold the Congress and Big Labor on the big­ OPERATION PUSH LAUNCHES THE Real disposable income grew the fastest. gest set of tax incentives ever given to Amer­ INNER-CITY SCHOOL PROGRAM Government spending grew the least. ican industry (including a number that Sen. In short the period from 196o-65 was the Ted Kennedy is now trying to repeal). fiscal cons~rvative's "dream economy"-with capital investment growing very fast, real The strategy worked. During the period HON. MORGAN F. MURPHY output more than keeping pace, while gov­ from 196o-65, the country had the greatest OF n.LINOIS capital investment boom in its modern his­ ernment spending was very modest, and the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES money supply was under tight control. Both tory, and, not surprisingly, the greatest workers and consumers benefited with good growth in real output and productivity, and Monday, May 2, 1977 wages a:m.d stable prices. the greatest growth in real disposable per­ sonal income, as government's share of the Mr. MURPHY of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, The only place where the Kennedy Ad­ economy was held at less than 29 per cent the Ford Foundation recently granted ministration "failed" was on unemployment, compared with 37 per cent now. which remained relatively high, at close to $200,000 to the PUSH Foundation in 5.7 per cent throughout the period, although The nation also enjoyed the greatest de­ Chicago for Project Excel, a program the trend was definitely down. cline in poverty, as millions of Americans aimed at improving the quality of educa­ were "sucked up" out of the poverty line, tion in our inner-city schools. How is it possible, then, that such a "lib­ not by government welfare programs, but eral" President as John F. Kennedy could by the "up-draft" of a burgeoning economy, The program will be launched in three have brought about such an ideal low-infia­ fueled by strong capital investment, real job school districts: Chicago--11 schools, Los tion, high-income growth situation? The an­ creation, and rapid gains in productivity. Angeles-nine schools, and Kansas City, swer is that when it came to fiscal matters, In short, Mr. Kennedy gave the nation a Mo.-one high school. Mr. Kennedy and his Administration were period of five years of some of the best Project Excel, as developed by the not exactly "flaming liberals." economic progress in our history and he did It should be remembered that Mr. Ken­ Reverend Jesse Jackson, will attempt to it by essentially conservative economic create an intellectual climate in our nedy had as his Secretary of Treasury C. methods-methods which, unfortunately, his Douglas Dillon, a Republican who was one of own party has not only completely aban­ inner-city schools where excellence is the most conservative "money men" on Wall doned, but in current years is actively both rewarded and expected. Street, an investment banker who knew the attacking. Project Excel intends to accomplish value of financial integrity. Unfortunately, the economic progress of this by organizing students, parents, Even though the Kennedy economic plan the first half of the '60s was soon aborted, as school administrators, businessmen, and favored stimulating the economy by cutting Preslaent Johnson and a free-spending Demo­ civic leaders into "councils of excel­ taxes and modest deficits, it also favored cratic Congress began to pass every piece of lence." These "councils of excellence" "holding the line" on government spending. social legislation in sight, and run a major will help create and coordinate edu­ In other words, the emphasis was on leaving war at the same time, all without new taxes. more money in private hands, rather than The result: cational programs in pilot inner-city "running the printing press" with "easy Spiraling government spending now schools. money." Indeed, Mr. Kennedy's whole eco­ growing three times as fast as the nation's The "councils of excellence" will be nomic policy was so "conservative" in orien­ real output, and three times as fast as it backed up by groups of career people-­ tation, his own brother probably would be grew in Mr. Kennedy's years. such as lawyers, businessmen, scientists, very uncomfortable with it today. Essentially Annual deficits bigger than the entire and journalists-who will tell students it consisted of: federal budget in 1950! about their jobs and discuss career op­ Holding government growth at very mod­ Real disposable income now at a near portunities in their profession. est rates. During Mr. Kennedy's period, fed­ standstill. eral government spending grew only 28 per­ Inflation at the highest average rate in Subjects often not emphasized in in­ cent compared with 65 per cent under John­ modern history. ner-city schools, such as creative writ­ son and 92 per cent under Nixon and Ford. Poverty now increasing for the first time ing, debating, science, and art, will re­ Cutting taxes to stimulate growth, rather in this century. ceive special attention by Project Excel than increasing government spending. Unemployment at the worst level since in these demonstration schools. Holding government deficits at a very mod­ the 1930s. Overall, Project Excel has four main est level. Federal deficits under Kennedy Real capital investment is at lowest rate amounted to .2 per cent of the GNP, about in modern history. goals. These are: First. To decrease the the same as under Truman and Eisenhower, Commitments for future social spending student dropout rate in each school by and less than 1/10 of the level under John­ rising at 14 percent a year. 15 percent. Second. To involve at least son, Nixon and Ford. Indeed, Sen. Ted Kennedy and the rest 200 students from each of the pilot Holding the growth of the money supply or the liberals in his own party seem totally schools in a variety of community ac­ to have abandoned the economics of well below the growth of the economy. Un­ tivities, such as serving in hospitals or "Camelot" for the fiscal nightmares of day-care centers. Third. To cut the cost der Johnson and Nixon, the money supply "London." grew more than twice as fast as output! Mr. of school vandalism by as much as 20 to As Thomas Galligan, a Democrat, and 25 percent within 3 years. Fourth. To Kennedy had, by far, of the tightest president of Boston Edison put it so well at money controls of any Administration. a Boston conference recently, "President strengthen the system of accountability Commitment to free trade. JFK did more Kennedy, when he was in office, recognized among students, administrators, and to encourage world trade and International the importance of encouraging capital in­ parents through various programs. Spe­ economic freedom than any President in vestment. He was very impressed when he cifically, some of these programs might history, and in so doing encouraged the visited Germany and saw what was accom­ include "state of the school" addresses growth of U.S. multi-national corporations! plished there. As a result, he came up with by principals; student-written grooming But, the single, most potent thing Mr. the tax principle of accelerated depreciation and conduct codes; and parent-desig­ Kennedy did was to stimulate the economy, which did represent a real improvement in nated homework hours. not by big government spending, but by what the economy." liberal economists now refer to contemptu­ Yet, mourns Mr. Galligan, "This nation has Mr. Speaker, I would like to commend ously as "trickledown" economics--invest­ acted especially in recent years, and I regret, Reverend Jackson for his initiative in ment credits to business. especially in the Democratic party, as though creating a program to improve our inner­ incentives of this type are something bad, or city schools. Reverend Jackson recog­ The reason Mr. Kennedy took this route is even something sinful." that during his trip to Germany in 1961, We suggest that Mr. Kennedy go back nizes the brutal fact that many inner­ Chancellor Adenauer told him that the way and examine, as we have, the essentially con­ city high school graduates lack the fun­ Germany had grown so well was to stimulate servative economic record of his brother, damental skills of reading and writing. heavy capital investment, and strong cor­ and begin to try to pound some economic Project Excel is designed to change this porate profits, through tax incentives, both sense into that party of his-instead of in­ situation, and deserves the support of for rapid depreciation, and for re-investment sisting on taking us down the route of in productivity gains. every person concerned about the quality Great Britain, and the fiscal sewer of Fabian of American education today. 13188 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 2, 1977 HOW NOT TO END NUCLEAR contribute to the potential for nuclear weap­ OTHERS WON'T FOLLOW PROLIFERATION ons proliferation and constitute a "potential The next assumption is that, if the United security risk." There is no theoretical or States defers or abandons breeder develop­ other justification for this assumption, and ment and nuclear reprocessing programs, HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE all experience demonstrates that it has no other nations will follow our lead. This sug­ foundation in fact. gestion has left our friends overseas open­ OF TEXAS As far as is known, no weapon has been mouthed with amazement. Japan and most IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES made from any fuel produced in any com­ Western European nations do not have our mercial nuclear power plant in the world. Monday, May 2, 1977 supply of fossil fuels, and we cannot supply (India's nuclear explosives did not come from them with their requirements for either Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, the hon­ a power plant, but was made from a research nuclear or fossil fuels. In their view, it is orable MIKE McCoRMACK has written an reactor sold to India by Canada. This dem­ absolutely vital to their survival to proceed article entitled "How Not To End Nu­ onstrates the ease with which many nations promptlv with their breeder programs. can, if they wish, make weapons totally out­ Only Canada and Australia, which have clear Proliferation" which appeared in side the energy program.) the Sunday, April 24 edition of The large supplies of uranium and a compara­ There is every reason to believe that diver­ tively small electrical demand, can afford the Washington Post. sion to weapons would be less likely for "throw-away nuclear fuel cycle." (This in­ Mr. McCoRMACK is one of the few breeders, because breeder fuel will be more volves burying the fuel rods, with the unused Members of Congress with an extensive difficult to handle than fuel from conven­ uranium and newly created plutonium stm scientific background. He spent 20 years tional nuclear plants. The next U.S. demon­ inside, after they are removed from a power as a research scientist before coming to stration breeder reactor to be built, known plant.) No more profligate waste of energy re­ as the Clinch River plant, will produce only sources could be imagined. If we were to do Washington. about one-third as much plutonium, one of As a freshman Congressman, he this, it would deprive us of the only so'lirce of the materials that can be used to make weap­ fuel available to give us a chance at energy headed a Task Force on Energy which ons, as is produced in conventional nuclear self-sufficien cy, even if the President's pro­ conducted a thorough investigation of all power plants now going on the line in this posals for conservation, coal and solar energy energy research and development in the country. are successful. Other nations will not follow United States. Much of our first energy The reason that weapons have not been us if we choose this course. legislation was a direct result of the Task made from commercial nuclear power plant The next assumption is that there are some Force recommendations. Mr. McCoRMACK fuel is that it is much cheaper and simpler "safe" breeder technologies which this coun­ has authored much of this legislation and to make nuclear weapons from natural try, and the other countries of the world, have uranium using facilities designed and built bypassed in favor of the "unsafe" liquid has persistently lent his leadership and exclusively for that purpose. Trying to divert metal fast breeder program. This represents knowledge to the solution of the Nation's nuclear power plant fuel into weapons pro­ a flight of fancy apparently born of wishful energy problems. duction is the most expensive, clumsiest, thinking. The basic fact is that any nuclear I believe his thoughts and concerns ex­ dangerous and inefficient way for any nation material which will produce energy in a power pressed in the recent Post article are im­ to make a weapon. plant can be extracted from the fuel and portant considerations for all of us in the The virtue of a breeder is that future used in a weapon, if one is willlng and able Congress. I wish to insert the text of the · models, which should be in operation late to build the complex and expensive equip­ in this century, will produce more fuel than ment to do it. (There are three nuclear fuels: article at this time. they consume. Thus, with a breeder program, uranium 233 and 235 and plutonium 239. All HOW NOT TO END NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION the otherwise useless uranium-238 (which three will produce energy in a power plant, President Carter's recent proposals to comprises 99.3 per cent of natural uranium) and all three can be used in weapons.) modify America's long-range nuclear energy provides a potential fuel resource of ex­ An alternative to the LMFBR, breeding policies, although intended to reduce the traordinary value to almost every nation. uranium-233 from thorium, is no safer than threat of nuclear weapons proliferation, The United States has many tons of purified any other fuel cycle, especially since it, too, could well have precisely the opposite ef­ uranium-238 in storage which, when used produces plutonium. The ease or complexity fect; and would probably deny our country in a breeder program, will produce the elec­ of extracting weapons material varies, but the its only chance to produce the energy we trical equivalent of more than five times all difference between a simple technology and a will need for economic stability. the on possessed by all the oil-exporting more complex one is insignificant compared The President has proposed that we: nations combined. to the difficulty of diversion from one of Defer indefinitely nuclear fuel reproc­ It will be easily seen why the breeder them-if simpler technological and institu­ essing; offers many nations of the world their only tional procedures are, as they should be, Restructure our nuclear breeder program discernable hope of relative energy inde­ adopted for all. and defer the date of breeder commercial­ pendence from OPEC and from the night­ Any reprocessing and fuel fabricating sys­ ization; mare of worldwide inflation and economic tem can easily be designed to make clandes­ Fund research and development programs chaos. tine diversion of nuclear fuel immeasurably in alternate fuel cycles-"which do not in­ However, bringing a breeder technology difficult, even for large terrorist groups. Fur­ volve direct access to materials usable in to the point where commercialization can thermore, all fuel cycles and all breeder tech­ nuclear weapons." occur (possibly starting about 1990 in the nologies, whether they use uranium, thorium The President also proposed a substantial United States) constitutes a difficult engi­ or plutonium, require, within a factor of two, the same amount of weapons material. In increase in the number of conventional nu­ neering challenge re~uiring many years. This clear power plants, and proposed increasing short, there is no magic or simple prolifera­ country has had a small breeder in opera­ tion-proof technology to which the United our uranium enrichment capacity for do­ tion in Idaho since 1963. The next larger one, States can switch if we abandon the LMFBR. mestic and foreign fuel requirements. the Fast Flux Test Fac111ty, is about 80 per I commended the President for his initia­ cent complete at Hanford, Wash. The Clinch GAMBLING ON URANIUM tive in making the energy crisis a major River plant will be the third in the series, The most dangerous unverified assump­ national issue, and I support his emphasis followed by a full-size prototype plant to tion of the Ford Foundation report is that on conservation and shifting from oil and be built before 1990. Other nations, includ­ far more recoverable uranium will be found gas to the use of coal. I commend him for ing France, England, Germany, Japan and in this country than intense exploration has his attempts to reduce the threat of nu­ the Soviet Union, have breeder programs indicated will be available. clear war and nuclear weapons proliferation. under way. Each nation has chosen the same During recent years a series of studies by However, his specific recommendations specific type, the liquid metal fast breeder, federal and private agencies, and more re­ dealing with nuclear fuel reprocessing and because it holds the most economic and cently by the National Academy of Sciences, breeder programs are clearly based on several technological promise. France and the Soviet have agreed that the known and probable re­ fundamental assumptions that are unsub­ Union are far ahead of us, and all these serves of uranium in this country total about stantiated, and which I belleve constitute a nations probably wm be soon. France may 1.8 million tons and that this should be con­ serious threat to the success of any program soon start sell1ng breeders on the inter­ sidered as the "prudent plann ing base." It to overcome the energy crisis. They have national market. will provide fuel for about one-half of the been challenged by experts in this country Knowledgeable scientists throughout the nuclear energy production required by this and by our friends overseas, with whom we world, dedicated to minimizing the threat nation during this century, using a throw­ have obligations under the Nuclear Non­ of nuclear weapons proliferation, scoff at the away cycle and the President's figures for Proliferation Treaty. The assumptions are suggestion that these breeder development conservation and other energy sources. The based on a recent report, funded by the Ford programs, by themselves, constitute any spe­ Ford Foundation report simply assumes that Foundation, which the President has ap­ much more uranium will be found and that cial threat of weapons proliferation. What is recycling will therefore be unnecessary. parently embraced in its totality. required, they insist, to provide protection BREEDERS AND WEAPONS No one can know for certain how much against weapons proliferation originating uranium will or will not be discovered, but The first of these assumptions is that a from the civ111an nuclear energy program is we would be taking a completely unaccept­ program of research, development and dem­ strict controls over the reprocessing of nu­ able risk if we were to proceed under the onstration involving the liquid metal fast clear fuels, including the manufacture of assumption that we will not need a breeder breeder (LMFBR) wm, in itself, uniquely new fuel elements from reprocessed fuel. technology until sometime in the 21st Cen- May 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13189 tury because fuel will be found as we need it. If some nation decides that, in spite of proach to providing taxpayer relief than This may happen, but if it does not, we will all the attendant problems, it is determined by doling out a mere $50 rebate. almost certainly suffer a serious energy to obtain nuclear weapons, then it will ob­ shortage, with all the attendant social and viously be much easier to make the weapons economic disruptions-and be without the outside the fuel cycle, as was done by India. technology to do anything about it. The re­ This could be done secretly today, regardless A MEMORIAL DAY SALUTE sult would be catastrophic. Therefore, our of any restraints the United States places energy policy must include the development on its own energy programs. It is more likely of one or more breeder technologies and the to happen if the United States does not pro­ HON. DON FUQUA reprocessing of our nuclear fuel, one of the vide leadership for a workable program to as­ OF FLORIDA most important energy conservation under­ sure adequate controls and supplies of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES takings available to us. energy. We don't need to decide now whether or Above all else, this nation must lead, and Monday, May 2, 1977 not we must commercialize one breeder tech­ from a credible position. The other nations Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, on May 30, nology or another, or to what degree. Such of the world do not believe that we can pro­ Memorial Day, this Nation will pause decisions can be made as late as 1990. How­ vide them with nuclear fuel unless we have a ever, we must be able to make such a choice breeder program and unless we recycle and to commemorate and honor those who at that time, and the cost of the research and reprocess our fuel. They are already turning died in defense of our country's ideals. development, between now and then, is insig­ away from us. Nations which are our friends Some died bringing our country into nificant compared to the losses we will suffer are looking even behind the Iron Curtain for existence. Others died preserving it. if we don't have the breeder when we need it, nuclear facilities and fuel. Regardless, their deaths were the re­ or the benefits if we do. One of the obstacles facing this nation as sults of acts of courage. Courage based REGIONAL REPROCESSING it attempts to deal with the energy crisis is on their love and devotion to liberty There is a rational solution to the dilemma the lack of understanding of the complex and justice. Devotion so great they sac­ that nations face in attempting to provide programs involved and the difficulty in ob­ rificed their own lives fighting to support adequate supplies of energy while minimiz­ taining accurate information concerning these ideals. ing the potential for nuclear weapons pro­ them. Nevertheless, we must demand that liferation. I suggest that our national energy our nation's energy policies be based on Judge Charles C. Anderson, who serves policy should include a positive approach to scientific economic facts. the people of Jefferson County, Fla., making it work, rather than a negative ap­ which I have the privilege of represent­ proach that nothing can be done. If we adopt ing in Congress, has written a tribute to a positive approach, the other nations of the our veterans. world may follow our leadership. PERSONAL ANNOUNCEMENTS The rational solution involves the estab­ Although his salute is specifically lishment of regional nuclear reprocessing about those who served in World War centers, closely supervised by the Interna­ HON. GEORGE M. O'BRIEN II, I think it is indeed appropriate as a tional Atomic Energy Agency, with the in­ Memorial Day tribute to all of our brave volvement of all the participating nations. OF U.LINOIS soldiers who have died on our battle­ Two regional fuel centers could be estab­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fields in the name of freedom. lished in the United States, and one each in Monday, May 2, 1977 Europe, Japan and the Soviet Union. (There I would like to submit Judge Ander­ is no secret national defense information in­ Mr. O'BRIEN. Mr. Speaker, I was son's tribute to the Congress and the volved.) Additional nuclear fuel centers unable to attend part of the debate on Nation. It is as follows: could be established as needed, possibly in the first concurrent resolution on the PASSING IN REVIEW-A HYMN TO HOLY SCARS the Middle East and in South America. budget, House Concurrent Resolution [Dedicated To The Dead Of World War II] In the United States all nuclear fuel would be owned by the federal government, which 195. As such, I would like to explain how "Who is This King of Glory? It is the LorcL I would have voted on the three amend­ strong ancL mighty, even the LorcL mighty in would be responsible for all facilities, secu­ battle.-Psalms 24: Verse 8. rity and accountability. Fuel elements would ments for which I was not present. be leased to foreign and domestic utilities on First, I would have voted for the "There's Something About A Soldier!" the condition that they be returned and on amendment to increase budget authority Said The Angel Who Records condition that the leasing nations be subject and outlays for veterans benefits by $500 The Names Of All Those Numbered to IAEA inspection. million. This increase is absolutely es­ In The Battle Book Of The Lord No plutonium or other weapons material "That Makes Michael And Our Master would ever be produced in pure form or in sential if the 95th Congress is to afford When They Call The Roll Of The Dead any form in which it could be used for weap­ consideration of legislation to provide Rejoice With All The Warriors ons fabrication. Weapons material would al­ full pension benefits to veterans of Who Died Where Duty Led" World Wa;r I. I am a cosponsor of H.R. 55 ways be blended with other materials to "See!" Said The Warrior Angel make it unworkable for weapons. For in­ and, through many thoughtful letters To The Saviour stained With Red stance, a -chemical reprocessing step would from my constituents, I am acutely aware "Behold Your Battle Brothers produce only blended uranium and pluto­ of the need for the bill. Many of our Their Bodies Too Have Bled nium, which could be used for fuel elements, World War I veterans are living at, or Yours Out Of Love For Losers but which would simply not work in a near, the poverty level and are frightened And They Are Losers-True? weapon. Under The Cross Or The Star Of David Fuel fabricating facilities would be built at the prospects of the cost of living in the next few years. The least we can do in They Surely Lost With You" immediately adjacent to the chemical sepa­ Said Michael Looking At The Legions ration plant, as would a facUlty for glasslfi­ our budget resolution is to give the Vet­ Passing In Review cation of all waste for deep burial. New fuel erans' Affairs Committee enough flexibil­ elements could be slightly irradiated as a last ity in this budget function to hold mean­ "Michael!" Said The Master step before being shipped from the facility. ingful hearings on this legislation. I "Surely You Have Heard Thus, they would require the same heavy would urge my colleagues to give their That Those Who Die For Others shielding that is necessary to return irradi­ most serious thought to this option. Are Winners By My Word ated fuel elements from a nuclear power My Body Once Was Broken plant. There would be no shipment any­ Second, I would have voted for the Their Bodies Broken Too where of any material which could be used amendment which would have reduced By God! Shall Live Forever for weapons, unless it would first be reproc­ budget authority to water projects by Eternally-It's True essed through large, expensive, remote sepa­ $100 million. I support a thorough review Those Whose Hearts Are Purple ration facilities. of the existing water projects for their Passing In Review" With these procedures, it would be neces­ need, environmental effect, and budg­ Said Michael To The Master sary to steal at least one, and perhaps sev­ etary impact. The President has brought Barking "Eyes Right" To The Review eral, 50-ton shipping casks in order to steal to our attention the importance of im­ "Which Of These Battalions enough material to make a single weapon. proving oversight of such costly projects Bruised, Beaten 'Red White And Blue' Then it would be necessary to extract the Partake More Of The Purple weapons material, even from new fuels. This and this is a first step toward reducing Thine Own Eternal Hue? would reduce the potential for illicit diver­ unnecessary Government expenditures. The 'Big Red One' The 'Indian Head' sion of weapons material virtually to zero. Finally, I would have voted for the sub­ The Fallen Ones Who Flew U.S. LEADERSHIP REQUIRED stitute amendment to the resolution Or Those Soaking 'Swabbies'-God! Those 'Gobs' Who Drowned In Blue Of course, no system is perfect or foolproof. which would have provided a 10 percent It should be obvious, however, that this na­ cut in the tax rate for all taxpayers. I With Matted Hair And Dripping Limbs tion and the world can have the energy re­ have supported this proposal since the Who Surface Now To You?" quired for economic stab111ty and a high de­ beginning of this session of Congress and Said The Colonel Of Creation gree of nuclear security as well. believe it is a far more reasonable ap- As He Snapped A Smart Salute 13190 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 2, 1977 While Michael And His Angels Mr. Speaker, the following report by us? Is it based on domestic political con­ Quickly Followed Suit Editor-in-Chief William Randolph siderations-a distraction to soften the up­ "The Lesions Of These Legions Hearst, Jr., of the Hearst papers deals coming harsh energy program he must im­ Christ Colored Are A Clue pose? Is it based on inexperience, for after Like The Colors Of The Rainbow in depth with the issue regarding Cuba-­ all, the U.S. of America is quite different A Spectrum Of The True where is our President taking us in for­ than the state of Georgia? Or is it something Those Blown To Bits In Foxholes eign policy? : else that involves a basic shift in u.s. policy Felled By Failing Wing OUR BUDDIES IN HAVANA AND HANOI and strategy? Or Laved With Love In Jordan's Depths (By William Randolph Hearst, Jr.) If it 1s the latter, there is no question that Where More Than Mermaids Sing NEW YoRK.-A basketball team from the Mr. Carter has deliberately thrown the dice Alike With Equal Honor ' in a mighty heavy game. One dispatch after Serve Their Purple King U.S.A. was badly beaten by the Cuban na­ tional basketball squad in Havana last Tues­ another moving across the Hearst Special The Wounds Of All These Warriors News Service wires during the past fortnight Passing In Review day night. The soore was 91 to 72. They were clobbered again Wednesday, 88 to 69. To two has recorded the apprehension, the nervous­ Are All Of Royal Purple ness, in capitals around the world, as Mine Own Eternal Hue grinning U.S. senators, George McGovern and James Abourezk, both Democrats and both others-more expert than !-seek to fathom These Galahads So Gory the purpose of this abrupt departure from Whose Winding Sheets Were Flames from South Dakota., the state whence came the U.S. basketball five, these were consid­ the established and accepted American Give 'Guts' To God In Glory position. By God! I Know Their Names!" ered a great diplomatic victory, because it was the first time since 1961 that American As the Hearst Newspapers' national editor, Cried Michael To The Master athletes had played in Cuba. J. Kingsbury Smith, wrote this pas,t week, His Flashing Sword Held High To some of the rest of us, however, that Mr. Carter's "first major move in foreign In The Radiance Of His Regal Wings score, which registered an impressive Cuban policy appears to some as a masterful stroke Arched Against The Sky victory, represented the points being made by of the kind of political wizardry that "Virtue Lives In Valor Cuban leader Fidel Castro over the United brought him victory in his presidential cam­ For Valor Cannot Die! States in the important arena of worldwide paigns. To others it is seen as a combination Saints Should Be Saluted diplomacy. In Africa, in the Mideast and in of inexperience, incompetence and reckless­ And Believers Will Be Crowned Moscow, he has been busily tallying goals for ness." But 'Behold The Lord In Beauty' the last five weeks to the extent that-many The joint Soviet-Cuban venture in Africa Upon The Battleground!" believe--it should begin to embarrass foreign led by Castro was intended to show the world Said The Master To Saint Michael policy strategists in the White House and the that the Soviets can exert their own pri­ "Archangel That Is True State Department. macy of Communist policies where it can Of All These Limping Legions The fact that

PRICE SUPPORTS CCC stocks from building up too much. Hence taxes and wage rates. Note that in contrast Price support loans have been in force there is a trade-off between level of support to the parity index (which controls support almost constantly since 1933. They enable an and the width of the spread between support prices), thds figure does not include price§> eligible producer to obtain a storage loan and release. paid by fanners for items used in family on his crop as an aid to orderly marketing. Another kind of suggestion is that the living. If market prices do not rise above the loan whole structure of support-release prices be In addition, Section 808 of the Act directed level, the loan becomes income to the pro­ adjusted up and down in line with the quan­ the Secretary of Agriculture to conduct a ducer as the government receives the com­ tity of stocks the CCC holds. If the supply­ "cost of production study" for certain com­ modity. The loan rate is a firm price floor for demand situation is strong and not much of modities.' The clear inference is that infor­ the borrower, but if enough farmers partici­ a commodity moves to the CCC, price sup­ matdon was to be collected that could be pate it also tends to establish a minimum ports can safely be kept at rather high levels. used in setting target prices, and perhaps market-wide price.:a If instead large quantities begin to accumu­ loan rates too (directly or indirectly) in a Commodities turned over to the govern­ late, a formula would go into effect whereby future law. ment have been used for food programs in support and release prices would be lowered. The instruction called for including "a the U.S., for food shipments abroad, and for The judgment offered here is that the return on fixed costs." Although no objection commercial sale when market prices reached spread between support and release prices can be raised to computing fixed costs, or to the specified release-price level. For a period should be somewhat wider than in recent taking account of them in setting target in the 1960s they were also dispersed as pay­ years. However, it should not be widened prices, it would be unwise to try to cover all ments-in-kind for idling of land. greatly, for then the support price would be such costs, or even a hdgh proportion of them. The price support program always has had so low and the release so high that the pro­ in the specifications of a new law. a double purpose that is sometimes internally gram would seldom function. The big issue concerns tying a return for consistent and sometimes conflicting. It is It is self-evident that 1f supports do land into a formula for income or price sup­ intended to be a stabilizer of supply and effectively put a floor under prices farmers port. Land is a fixed factor. It is not the same price of the product involved. To the ex­ receive, there must be provision for release kind of input as gasoline or fertilizer or tent quantity available and price are rendered of stocks during another period when de­ human l,a.bor. The value of land anticipates less variable, producers and buyers are both mand is strong relative to market supplies. net return in farming, and the future trend affected. The stabll1zation effect reaches all Otherwise stocks would build up incessantly. in its own price. That is to say, the value of the way to the consumer, and the use· of There is good reason to include the ad­ land reflects probable income from it, which reserve stocks for the purpose of stabilizing justment feature modifying support andre­ in turn, when a farm income support pro­ lease prices according to experience. This gl'lam is in force, can be affected by the food prices is a justification for spending amount of income received via that pro­ ta.x dollars. would protect against another period of The other purpose of the price support pro­ excessive accumulation of stocks. gram. A ratchet effect would therefore be gram is to bolster incomes of farmers. Never­ The adjustment :Cormula should be put built in if target prdces (or price supports theless, no exact connection has ever been into the law. To ask the Secretary of Agri­ also) were Bit a level that resulted in a sub­ culture to make the decision would impose stantial boost to net income. For as each in­ established between support rates and in­ crease in income became capitalized in a comes. And the income purpose has gradual­ an intolerabJ'! political burden upon him. But because a downward adjustment would higher land value, the fixed cost calculaJted ly been downplayed. from that value could be raised, forcing a Price support rates have been stated in law reduce the protection to income for farm­ ers, a companion policy is needed, we believe, new, higher level of target (or support) in terms of percentage of parity. In some past price. laws, the percentage has been specified. In to retain features of target prices and direct deficiency payments (see below). This is the danger in building a return on others, including the 1973 act now in force, fixed cost into any support formula. In ad­ a range is given. The Secretary of Agricul­ One word more ·needs to be said. In this discussion the Community Credit Corpora­ dition, the actua.l fixed cost for farmers who ture has authority to choose a support level bought their land earlier is much below a within the range. tion remains in place as the financing agent. lit would continue to function much as in cost calculated at current selling prices of Although "parity" has a strong connota­ land. tion of equity, the tendency in recent years the past. It would make loans to farmers for the commodities they store (seal) on Also, operating costs are by no means uni­ has been to focus on actual dollars and cents form. Whose costs are therefore to be put values and let the percentage of parity be a their own farms. It would renew those loans for one or more seasons. But when the com­ into a formula? derived figure. During the years when stocks To its credit, the U.S. Department of Ag­ were accumulating in the hands of the Com­ modity was delivered it would become sub­ ject to CCC control. The CCC would then riculture in responding to the instruction ot modity Credit Corporation, the support rate Section 808 showed direct costs separately was decided on by dual criteria of the effect manage its stocks according to the stabiliza­ tion terms set in the law. from land allocation. Its data, therefore, al­ on supply and movement of the commodity low various ways of calculating target or and the consequence to farmers' incomes. The DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS support prices.6 trend over two decades has been to reduce Direct "deficiency" payments from the The third problem associated with de­ the level of price support (relative to market Treasury to farmers came into being largely ficiency payments in the 1973 law is that prices) and rely more on direct payments as a way to im.prove farmers' incomes run­ they are expected to constitute a remunera­ to underpin incomes of farmers. High sup­ ning into the problems created by high tion for idling of land ("set-aside") that ports had been found to lessen utilization and commodity price supports. might be required for elig1bll1ty. This bring a build-up in the quantity held in The payments of the 1973 law are made double-burden feature is clearly faulty. Any CCC storage. when market prices fall below a target level. voluntary idling requires remuneration. The same dual consideration enters into Payments ,are a flexible instrument for help­ equivalent to rent. Because a deficiency pay­ choosing terms of a new 1977 farm law. ing farmers. Whereas commodity price sup­ ment is not assured in advance but is only However, equally as much as attention now ports are stabilizing for both producers and made if prices are found to have averaged centers on the opposite sides of storage, consumers, payments give a stabilization below target, a farmer who participates by namely, the terms of release prices. A number benefit only to producers. It could be argued of proposals have been offered as to the rela­ that payments, in stab111zing farm income, ' The language reads: tion between support price and release price.s help stabilize the whole economy a.nd there­ "The Secretary of Agriculture, dn coopera­ Some call for a wide spread, · some for a by benefit consumers, but any such pay­ tion with the land grant colleges, commodity narrow. ments provide income support supplemen­ organizations, general farm organizations. Manifestly, the wider the spread the lower tary to that derived from price support if and individual farmers, shall conduct a cost must the support price be, in order to keep target prices are set higher than support of production study of the wheat, feed grain, prices. A choice must be made as to how cotton, and dairy commodities under the 2 The extent to which the support price much to use one versus the other. various production practices and establish a becomes a minimum market price at a time OverreUance on direct payments could lead current national weighted average cost of of surplus depends on what is required of a to excessive cost to the Treasury. But the production. This study shall be updated an­ farmer (as retirement of land) to make him flexib111ty of direct payments can be an asset nually and shall include all typical variable eligible and the percentage of farmers who in connection with the proposal noted a.bove costs, a return on fixed costs equal to the ex­ participate. to adjust support-and-release prices accord­ isting interest rates charged by the Federal 3 Selected examples are Kenneth L. Robin­ ing to the movemenrt; of commodity into CCC Land Bank, and return for management com­ son, "Unstable Farm Prices: Economic Con­ hands. When the CCC has a lot of com­ parable to the normal management fees sequences and Policy Options," American modity, deficiency payments can be the main charged by other comparable industries. Journal of Agricultural Economics, Decem­ supplement to farmers' incomes. When it These studies shall be based upon the size ber 1975, pp. 769-77; V. J. Rhodes, "Agri­ has little, price supports can do that. unit that requires one man to farm on a full­ cultural Production, Price, and Income Pol­ A second policy issue relates to level or time basis." icy within a National Economic Polley," In target prices and therefore of income support. 5 Costs of Producing Selected Crops in the Search of a U.S. Food Policy, Univ. of Mo. The 1973 law set target prices in dollars United States, 1974, U.S. Dept. of Agr., Econ. Agr. Exp. Station Sp. Report 183, 1976, pp. 'a.Ild cents and added a provision tha.t in Res. Serv., ERS-620; and Costs of Producing 18-27; and B. F. Jones, Grain Reserves in 1976 and 1977 the targets were to be escalated Food Grains, Feed Grains, Oilseeds and Cot­ Agricultural and Food Policy, Purdue Univ. according to changes in the index of prices ton, 1974-76, U.S. Dept. of Agr., Agr. Econ. Agr. Exp. Station Bulletin No. 124, 1976. farmers pay for production i·tems, interest, Report No. 338. May 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13193 idling land is not guaranteed a rate of re­ consider the imbalance between publicly for revenues generated by the other prod­ turn that he can know in advance. In fact, funded disaster payments and a partially ucts. he is not guaranteed any return on land at overlapping crop insurance program financed One module would cost $270 million and all. The combination of deficiency formula largely by private funds. In both crop insur­ process 28,000 tons per day of oil shale feed, and set-aside is manifestly unworkable.6 ance and disaster payment prograins, there Mr. Weichman said. From this quantity of The 1973 law gives the Secretary of Agri­ is a danger of subsidizing farmers in high­ low grade feed, 4,500 tons of nahcolite, 13,300 culture authority to put set-aside require­ risk production areas. The programs ought barrels of oil, 700 tons of cell grade alumina ments as low or as high as he pleases, 7 and to provide reasonable protection for farmers and 1,500 tons of dense soda ash would be to permit additional voluntary set-aside. A against natural hazards without providing produced. separate payment would be made for the encouragement to production of crops un­ The process has the potential of "assisting latter and, significantly, it would not be suited to a given area. in the solution of the energy crisis to an ex­ subject to limitation on size of individual tent greater than the Btu va.Iue of the shale payment. oil produced," stated Mr. Weichman. Payments for retirement (idling) of land, "Raw nahcolite can make available our we believe, should be independent of a defi­ 500 YEARS OIL SUPPLY vast coal resources as clean energy," Mr. ciency payment formula. Weichman said. It has been tested as a dry INDIVIDUAL FARM ALLOTMENTS scrubbing agent and will absorb nearly 100 percent of the sulfurous oxides and up to 50 Outdated individual farm allotments are HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST percent of the nitrous oxides from flue gas, no longer acceptable. They must be revised. OF VIRGINIA under controlled conditions. The revision should be done with care. A IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES According to Mr. Weichman, one ton of purely historical base for allotments can be nahcolite can clean the stack gas from the unfair and can have injurious effects on use Monday, May 2, 1977 burning of about 25 tons of low sulfur coal of land. It would be wrong, for example, to and about 8 tons of high sulfur coal at pres­ give a big allotment where erodable land has Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, the following editorial appeared in the Vir­ ent air pollution control standards. been plowed. Alumina, from which aluminum is made, As stated in earlier reports of this com­ ginia Observer on Friday, April 29, 1977, would be extracted at a price competitive mittee, we believe allotments should be based and was brought to my attention by the with alumina from foreign bauxite, and soda on a desirable pattern of land use, including editor and publisher of that newspaper, ash, a common industrial product, would conservation of soil plus water and environ­ Mr. Gordon Dillon. I am pleased to take also be produced, according to Mr. Weich­ mental protection. It is easier to fit a land­ this opportunity to share it with my col­ man. use allotment base into a set-aside program leagues and others who are concerned Socioeconomic impact of development which has moved away from the old plan of would be minimized, he said, because the retiring acreage commodity by commodity. with seeking, and ultimately finding, a process has been designed so that construc­ In any new allotment system, we believe only solution to our energy crisis. tion can be completed in a step-by-step major categories of cropping designs should I hope that this will be given full con­ program. be prescribed. Within each category, the sideration by the individuals and agen­ Engineering and construction of the mod­ farmer would have a wide range of choice as cies in our Government who have been ule can not be initiated, Mr. Weichman said, to crops or pasture or timber uses. • charged with the responsibility for de­ until a land exchange has been completed DISASTER PAYMENTS AND CROP INSURANCE veloping our national energy policy and with the Department of Interior. The 1973 farm law introduced a new fea­ programs. Certainly no such possibility He said Superior now owns 6,500 acres of ture of farm support legislation in that it contiguous oil shale land in Colorado, but should be left unexplored. Indeed, it the configuration of the land does not lend gave relief in time of crop disaster. It pro­ should be pursued as expeditiously as vided for direct payments to eligible farmers itself to efficient mining. Negotiations for an who suffered substantial damage from possible. exchange with Interior have been underway drought, flood, or other natural disaster, in­ The editorial follows: since 1970, he said. cluding inability to plant crops covered in 500 YEARS OIL SUPPLY-8UPERIOR ANNOUNCES "The public itself stands to benefit the the law. MAJOR BREAKTHROUGH IN SHALE OIL most from Superior's efforts since 95 percent Establishing a regular plan for disaster (EDITOR's NoTE.-If this major break­ of the area containing the oil shale with the payments instead of special bllls each time through in shale-oil is allowed by the Federal associated minerals is public land," Mr. a need arose was a good idea, but the 1973 Government-a potential 3 trillion barrels Weichman said, and added that all govern­ provisions need revision on the basis of ex­ of oil can be produced, enough to supply the mental agencies should assist in bringing about an early commercial demonstration of perience. First, the unevenness of coverage United States for another 500 years. The ought to be eliminated. Some commodity alumini by-product would end U.S. depend­ this process as part of the national energy producers are treated more generously than ence on foreign supply as well.) policy and program. others; and some, such as soybean growers, WASHINGTON, D.C.-The Superior Oil Com­ are omitted. A farmer's eligiblUty turns on pany has unveiled a newly developed process his production in the current year compared for economically producing oil from shale SENATOR JIM SASSER with the normal production on his acreage in the Rocky Mountains along with three allotment, and "normal" yield figures often other minerals including a substance for re­ are outdated. moving air pollutants from burning coal in HON. ED JONES A second problem is the relationship be­ industrial boilers. The process was developed OF TENNESSEE tween a disaster payment program and the and tested during a ten-year research and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES federal crop insurance program. Crop insur­ development program conducted by Superior. ance is voluntary and financed primarUy by The "multi-mineral oil shale process" Monday, May 2, 1977 producers. Eligibil1ty for this kind of protec­ would mine oil shale and recover from it raw Mr. JONES of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, tion against disaster also is limited. It was nahcolite, alumina and soda ash, as well as I want to take this opportunity to insert removed from some areas because of high oil, Ben Weichman, Superior's 011 Shale De­ risk and the law's requirement for actuarial velopment Manager said in a Washington into the RECORD a recent newspaper soundness. The actuarial basis of federal news conference. article concerning Tennessee's junior crop insurance presents questions of equity Mr. Weichman described the process as a U.S. Senator, JIM SASSER. Mr. SASSER was and effectiveness which should be studied to four-step operation including mining, re­ elected to the other body in last Novem­ develop a plan for reform. Congress needs to covering nahcolite through secondary crush­ ber's election and I think that this arti­ ing and photosorting, retorting oil and leach­ cle describes accurately the commitment e See George E. Brandow, Issues in Food and ing alumina. and soda ash from spent shale. that he brings to his new job. Agricultural Policy-An Evaluatwn of Pol­ The remaining waste is returned underground Tennessee has always contributed icy Instruments, paper given at National to the mine. greatly to the deliberations of the Con­ Public Policy Education Conference, Zion, He said The Superior Oil Company, along Tilinois, Sept. 15, 1976; and Harold F. Brei­ with the McDowell-Wellman Engineering gress. Throughout the history of this royer, "The New Farm Program," Economic Company, has tested and proven a new type great Nation, from the ranks of Tennes­ and Marketing Information for Missouri Ag­ of oil shale retort. He said the circular grate seans have come national leaders of the riculture, Univ. of Mo. Coop. Ext. Service, retort concept was patented by McDowell­ highest quality. They include President November 1973. Wellman and Superior has developed an oil Andrew Jackson and range right up to 1 Except in the case of cotton where an up­ retorting process for the circular grate Senators Estes Kefauver and Cordell per limit is placed on set asides. machine. The circular grate has operated in Hull. •Footnote by W. E. Hamilton: The idea of the metals industry for many years and has basing allotments on a "desirable pattern a proven history for extremely high reliabil­ These men have risen to such heights of land use" is appealing from a theoretical ity. Mr. Weichman stated the economics in­ because of their commitment to good standpoint, but it would be exceedingly dif­ dicate that oil can be produced in the range government and because they have re­ ficult to implement through the political of $10-15 per barrel. Economics in the multi­ spected the wishes of the people they process. mineral process depend on credits assumed were elected to represent. Senator JIM 13194 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 2, 1977 SASSER carries out his duties in that same· The assignment not only amounted to a the April 14, 1977 Los Angeles Times, tradition. gold star or merit badge, but also enabled Secretary Alexander points out a number The article follows: him to stake out a claim on the General of the savings that have been realized by SENATOR JIM SASSER Services Administration (GSA) over which the subcommittee has legislative jurisdiction. going to a volunteer force. Furthermore, (By Morris Cunningham) Compounding the claim was President Car- he gives the reasons for these savings and WASHINGTON.-Sen. Jim Sasser's first 100 ter's appointment of Sasser's friend, Joel gives specific examples of how turbulence days won't be recorded in the history books Warren 'Jay' Solomon of Chattanooga as within the Army has been dramatically like President Franklin D. Roosevelt's, but · GSA administrator. The government's chief reduced. they have been eventful. procurement and maintenance agency, GSA The article deserves the close attention The freshman Democrat interviewed and is responsible for about 10,000 government hired staff members, moved his Senate offices buildings, has about 25,000 employes and of all of us. I commend it to your atten­ three times, found and rented a house, spends about $3 billion a year for supplies. tion: brought his wife, two children and some Sasser also is a member of the parent Gov­ ARMY CHIEF CrrEs LoWER COSTS OF VOLUN• furniture to Washington, enrolled his chil- ernment Affairs Committee, and has presided TEER FoRCE dren in school, carried out his Senate duties at some of the committee's sessions, includ­ (By Norman Kempster) without missing a single roll call and spent ing the confirmation hearing on Solomon. WASHINGTON.-In spite O! handwringing in most every weekend and two recesses in Sasser is a member of the Budget Com- Tennessee. mittee, and the Appropriations Committee, the Administration and Congress over mili­ Meanwhile, he accepted appointments to where he works closely with the chairman, tary personnel costs, Army Secretary Clifford Alexander says the all-volunteer A:rmy is a three committees and six subcommittees, was Sen. John L. McClellan (D-Ark.), and an­ bargain for taxpayers. made chairman of one of the subcommittees, other senior Mid-Southerner, Sen. John "The volunteer Army is cheaper than a and showed up at all of the meetings of the Stennis (D-Miss.) nine panels without ever once being tardy. McClellan appointed Sasser to five appro- draft Army because we can avoid the inter­ What are his impressions of life in wash- priations subcommittees, one of the most nal turmoil that would be created if there ington, now that he has spent some time important of which is Public Works and was a draft," Alexander said in an interview. here? Energy. It is headed by Stennis and handles Since the draft ended in 1973, he said, the Army has spent less on discipline of unruly "Well," he said, with the little boy grin funds for t~e Tennessee Valley Authority tugging at his mouth, "It's a little more hec- and other energy-related agencies, and u.lso troops and less on the training, equipping tic than the pace to which I had been accus- funds for the Lower Mississippi River and and transporting of recruits to me~t higher tomed. I go from 8 in the mOil'ning to late tributaries and other U.S. Engineer activi­ turnover rates caused by the relatively short at night, and I never seem to get finished. I ties. Sasser also is assigned to the subcom­ hitches served by draftees. just get so tired I have to quit. mittees on Housing and Urban Development "There is also an additional cost to having "And of course," he added, the grin now and Independent Agencies, Military Con­ less well trained groups of people handling quite pronounced, "It's more varied than struction, Treasury, Postal Service and Gen­ more expensive and more sophisticated what I used to do." eral Government, and-the fourth one- equipment," Alexander said. One thing Sasser didn't do, as a lawyer Legisla;ion, which handles funds for the He said he had ordered a study to deter­ practicing in Nashville, was to move his of- Senates own expenses. mine the precise dollar value of the savings. fices every few weeks-a calamity that often The array of committee and subcommittee More than half of the Pentagon's $120 bil­ befalls freshmen members of Congress in the assignments obviously are enough to keep lion budget goes for personnel costs, an early days of a session, as older members Sasser pretty well occupied. But he also ap­ expense that has led President Carter to order exercise their seniority and claim more de- pears on the Senate fioor for debates and a complete study of all mtlitary pay and sireable offices as they become available, votes, runs his office, and handles the other fringe benefits. The cost of m111tary person­ leaving freshmen to scramble for what is left. responsibilities of being a Senator. nel has increased 150% since 1967 when Con­ Sasser and his staff are now established in He spent the Lincoln Day recess in Feb- gress voted to make military pay comparable a five-room suite in the Dirksen Senate Office ruary and the Easter recess in April travel­ to Civil Service pay. Building and a three-room suite in a nearby ing over Tennessee attending breakfasts, Critics of the all-volunteer service have annex building. luncheons, dinners, receptions and other pointed to mounting personnel costs as a They have reason to believe they will be in affairs, and also has spent most weekends in reason for considering a return to the dra!t. these quarters for awhile and are beginning Tennessee. "I think I have spent two week­ These critics contend that pay could be held to unpack the cardboard boxes from which ends here," he said. down if the military did not have to complete they did business during two earlier stops, for its recruits in the open civllian job the worst of which was a cramped, three- market. room basement complex that defied all ef- ARMY CIDEF CITES LOWER COSTS Alexander said there was no realistic forts at cleanliness. OF VOLUNTEER FORCE chance o! returning to the $90-a-month pay With the moves behind them, handling scale for recruits that once held down total and filing Sasser's big volume of correspond­ personnel costs. But even if it were possible, ence is not quite as troublesome for Sasser's HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER he said, it would be grossly unfair because staff as it was for awhile. OF WISCONSIN the A:rmy needs only a small percentage o! the 10.4 milUon persons between the ages of "We get a terrific volume of correspond­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ence," Sasser said. "Sen. (Howard) Baker 17 and 21. (R-Tenn.) has indicated I'm getting five Monday, May 2, 1977 Since the draft ended, Alexander said, the times as much on some subjects as he is." Army has recorded substantial reductions in Sasser, who claims he reads every letter Mr. STEIGER. Mr. Speaker, Secretary the number of absences without leave, de­ that comes in and sees that each receives a of the Army Clifford Alexander has been sertions, courts-martial and less-than-honor­ full response, attributes his heavy volume doing a superb job in his few months in able discharges. of mail to the fact he is relatively fresh from this post. He has displayed great insight Pentagon figures show that 17.7 soldiers the hustings and made many contacts dur­ and a keen perception of the status of per 1,000 deserted last year compared to 52 ing the 1976 campaigns, both personally and today's Army. per 1,000 in 1973 and 73.5 per 1,000 in 1971. Defense Department records show there were through the family members who worked Secretary Alexander assumed his posi­ for him. 9,913 courts-martial of Army personnel for Sasser's staff number 41, of whom 28 work tion at a time when traditional critics of all causes last year compared to 20,922 in in the Washington office and 13 in the of­ the all-volunteer military were making 1973 and 42,498 in 1971. fices in Memphis, Nashville and Knoxville. unjustified and unfounded criticisms of Some o! the improvement probably can be Jerry Grant, 38, Sasser's administrative our military forces. Fortunately for the attributed to the end of the Vietnam war assistant and top aide, is from Denver, Colo., Nation, Secretary Alexander has chosen rather than just to the termination o! the and worked for Sen. Gary Hart (D-Colo.) to look carefully at the facts and to eval­ draft. But Pentagon records show that the other services, which did not accept draftees, in Hart's winning Senate campaign in 1974, uate for himself the degree to which to­ and worked for Sen. Henry Jackson (D­ did not register similar dramatic drops in Wash.) in Jackson's presidential campaign day's Army is meeting the Nation's de­ disciplinary problems. in 1976. fense needs. The Navy's desertion rate last year was 24.8 Second in command in Sasser's office, un­ He has recognized that some legitimate per 1,000, up from 13.6 per 1,000 in 1973 and der Grant, is Don Bagwell, who came here problems need to be dealt with by im­ 11.1 in 1971. The rate for the Marine Corps from Nashville where he worked for Com­ proved management on the part of Pen­ was 69.2 per 1,000 last year compared to 63.2 missioner Bob Clement at the Tennessee tagon officials. But he has also evaluated in 1973 and 56.2 in 1971. Public Service Commission. the criticisms and checked the facts. Navy, Marine and Air Force courts-martial Freshman senators usually have to wait These facts show that the All-Volunteer declined in recent years, although not so awhile before gaining a subcommittee chair­ sharply as Army courts-martial. manship but, in scarcely more than two Army is a bargain for taxpayers and that Although Alexander said he was confident months Sasser was appointed chairman of it has reduced the level of turmoil that that the all-volunteer program would con­ the general services subcommittee of the the draft brought with it. tinue to meet the manpower needs of the Senate Government Affairs Committee. In an article by Norman Kempster in active Army, he was not so sanguine about May 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13195 the prospects for the National Guard and have the participation of Austrian War" by the First United Methodist reserves. Ambassador and Mrs. Karl Schober and Church Choir; a program of Austrian There are 823,455 persons in the reserve Dr. Hans Winkler, First Secretary and masters including Kropfrieter, Mozart, forces of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force, almost 56,000 below authorized Cultural Attache, for the Ambassador's Bruckner and Schubert by the St. Luke's strength. The shortage would be about weekend and the myriad of activities Episcopal Church Choir; Anton Bruck­ 83,000 had not Congress reduced the au­ surrounding it. ner's "Mass in E Major by the Independ­ thorized strength by 28,500 effective last A major feature of the Ambassador's ent Presbyterian Church Choir and a October. dinner is the induction of noted Amer­ "Sacred Choral Concert of Austrian Unless something is done to reverse the icans into the Nation's first Arts Hall Composers" by the Highlands Methodist trend, the reserve shortfall can be expected of Fame. This year's inductees included Church Choir, which closed the cere­ to increase in the next few years as persons the noted actress Lillian Gish, the late monies. who joined the reserves to escape the draft complete their enlistments and drop out. movie producer D. W. Grimth, the late The Birmingham-Southern College Sen. Sam Nunn (D-Ga.), chairman of the F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald and Broad­ Theatre Group offered 2 Austrian plays: Senate armed services manpower subcom­ way lyricist Hugh Martin. "LaRonde," a traditional play and "Self mittee, has suggested that the nation might The activities of the festival are not Accusation," an experimental, modern have to use the draft to fill out the reserve limited to the 10-day period of the fes­ show. · The University of Alabama in forces. tival. Specially prepared educational kits Birmingham Ballet company offered a Alexander said he would prefer to avoid are distributed by educators to thou­ colorful and delightful version of Cin­ using the draft for any purpose. Instead of using the draft, he said, the sands of young people in the Birmingham derella entitled "Aschenbroedel," set in Army must make reserve service more attrac­ schools where the students study the na­ Austria where the tale originated. The tive. tion to be honored and prepare special Birmingham Creative Dance Company "The jobs that reservists do must be made projects. performed Austrian dances at several more productive," Alexander said. "That re­ Many of the Birmingham area's in­ local schools. quires a stronger effort on all our parts to stitutions of higher learning also partic­ The Birmingham Museum of Art fea­ work with the reservists to make their train­ ipate--Birmingham Southern College tured special exhibits and offered Aus­ ing as relevant as possible." trian chamber music. In addition, Alexander suggested addi­ with its plays, films and art exhibit; Miles tional inducements, such as restoration of College with its affiliate artist in con­ Tnis year's pageant also included a post-service education benefits, to bring more cert; Samford University with its poetry wide variety of other activities to appeal individuals into the reserves. and music and the University of Ala­ to the interest of virtually everyone. He said the Army must do a better job bama in Birmingham with its art lecture, Some of the most popular events were of using the skills of women soldiers. He said special exhibits, a ballet performance by the Markplatz, featuring a flea market he had ordered commanders to "scrub out the UAB Ballet and travel films and con­ and old time fiddlers' convention; the of their minds" the military's traditional certs by the UAB affiliated Town and Festspiele, featuring an Austrian village sexual stereotypes. with its food, artifacts, and Austrian Alexander said he had not yet decided Gown Theatre. whether he woUld support repeal of the law The University of Alabama in Tusca­ performers; the Austrian cooking school barring women from combat. He said he had loosa, although some 60 miles away, also and a sports car slalom on the streets little doubt that some women could perform sponsors annually an Art of Commu­ of downtown Birmingham. most of the tasks of combat but that public nication Symposium which, again this A particularly delightful and interest­ opinion seemed to be against it. year, featured nationally and interna­ ing aspect of the festival was the display tionally known experts in the commu­ of art by Birmingham and Austrian nications media. school children depicting how they see THOUSANDS HONOR AUSTRIA AT each other's countries. BIRMINGHAM FESTIVAL Perhaps most importantly, Mr. Speak­ Next year, the Festival of Arts will er, the Birmingham Festival of Arts is a honor Belgium. We look forward to an­ people festival with activities open to all other meaningful cultural experience in HON. JOHN BUCHANAN of the people of our area. Over the years, OF ALABAMA the unique and beautiful celebration of festival officials have made extra efforts the arts as expressed in the lives of other IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to ensure that many free or low cost nations whose people and culture have Monday, May 2, 1977 events will be provided. They have kept so enriched our heritage. admission costs to a minimum to the ex­ Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Speaker, each tent that they have continued to fund spring more than 100,000 Birmingham projects which are very popular, but FEA QUESTIONNAffiE-ANOTHER area residents enjoy the life, culture, and which do not bring in sufficient revenue UNBEARABLE GOVERNMENT REG­ history of a foreign nation. This year ULATION they strolled through the Festspiele, to be self sustaining. sampling the food and flavor of Austria, The Festival of Arts is a nonprofit or­ listened to performances of works by ganization with but one paid employee, HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS but with hundreds of other volunteers. Austrian composers and viewed the art OF IDAHO of Austria. The Salute to Austria is perhaps our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In so doing, however, these visitors most successful festival to date. Much of never left Birmingham. the credit for its success must go to fes­ Monday, May 2, 1977 This year, as has been the case for the tival chairman Mrs. Van Scott and fes­ Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, this Nation last 27 years, a foreign country came to tival president Peter G. Smith who was founded on the principle that the Birmingham to help bridge the gap of worked tirelessly for its success. Vice function of Government was to protect understanding between peoples during President Jesse Miller and cochairman individual liberty. The Founding Fathers the annual Birmingham Festival of Arts. Mrs. Lee Styslinger, who will chair next understood very well what happens to This year, as in the past, the Bir­ year's festival, also played a major role people when taxes and regulations be­ mingham Festival of Arts was a complete in the success of the 1977 activities. come unbearable. They knew that moti­ success, attracting thousands of local, I would like to take a few moments, vation is destroyed, creativity reduced, national, and international visitors from Mr. Speaker, to outline some of the out­ and productivity is reduced to low levels, all walks of life. The communitywide in­ standing activities of this festival. when the Government becomes too large volvement and unity of spirit which per­ The musical heritage which Austrian and too oppressive. meate each festival have earned the city, composers have given the world is Today we are losing what they so earn­ which it is my privilege to represent in matched by few nations and excelled by estly fought for. We are creating a mass the Congress, and its festival recogni­ none. Performances in this year's fes­ of Government regulations, and an army tion on an international scale. Our fes­ tival included Gustav Mahler's "Sym­ of tax collectors who interfere in every tival is considered as one of the "things phony # 2 in C Minor" with an out­ aspect of our citizens' lives. to see and do'' on calendars across the standing performance by the Birming­ The bureaus r.nd agencies with their Nation. ham Symphony Orchestra and Civil endless probing and harrassing are mak­ The theme of the 1977 celebration was Chorus; Mozart's "Grand Mass in C ing a mockery of American freedom. It a salute to the vast cultural and artistic Minor" by the Episcopal Church of the is no wonder that productivity is falter­ wealth of Austria. We were fortunate to Advent Choir; Haydn's "Mass in Time of ing. It is no wonder that honest business- 13196 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 2, 1977 men are outraged. It is no wonder that 5. Type of product purchased. or in a method to enable determination of every year our money buys less, and that C. Copies of any firm-price purchase con­ the class of purchase·r involved in each trans­ is tracts which were in effect on May 15, 1973. action. poverty increasing in spite of the grand D. Check register or disbursements journal C. Copies of any firm-price sales contracts programs of bread and circuses ordered and cancelled checks for product purchases which were in effect on November 1, 1973 or by the Congress and the grand planners for the period April 1, 1973 through May 31, that became effective during the period from in the White House. 1973. November 1, 1973 through April 30, 1974. It is high time we woke up. The men E. Accounts payable ledgers for vendors D. Cash receipts journal, accounts receiv­ who fought the revolution in 1776 had supplying covered products to Nicholes Oil. able customer records or journals reports, and less to fight about than the average hard­ II. Sales prices for all classes of purchaser bank statements for the period from Novem­ (as defined in 10 C.F.R. Section 212.31 and ber 1, 1973 through May 30, 1974. working American citizen of today. elucidated in Ruling 1975-2) that the firm If we can be of help in providing technical Recently, one of my constituents, Mr. has treated separately in its sales of each assistance or additional information regard­ Bob Nicholes, who operates a small inde­ product. Per the definition referenced above, ing this request, please respond in writing pendent Phillips oil distributorship in the following documents are required: to Eli Krommenhoek, Federal Energy Admin­ Caldwell, Idaho, had the misfortune to A. A description of all classes of purchaser istration, P.O. Box 7219, Boise, Idaho 83707. attract the notice of the Federal Energy and justification for each class (i.e.; price Sincerely, Administration. He sent me a copy of a distinctions based upon a discount, allow­ K. M. MORTIMER, questionnaire which he is required by ance, add-on, premium, and an extra based Area Manager. on a difference in volume, grade, quality, or law to fill out. location or type of purchaser, or a term or How many of you could run a business condition of sale or delivery.) while also hiring the people necessary to B. Sales invoices for all sales from March ENERGY CRISIS answer this kind of detailed questions. 1, 1973 through May 15, 1973 which include I submit that we have created a mon­ the: ster named the FEA which does not be­ 1. Name of purchaser. HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI long in a free country. I submit that all 2. Number of gallons sold. OF ILLINOIS 3. Type of product sold. which is missing to complete the total IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES power of that Agency is black boots, the 4. The unit price of the product sold. 5. Total sale amount. Monday, May 2, 1977 armbands, and the rubber.hoses to com­ C. The above mentioned sales documents pel answers from their hapless victims. must either be sorted by class of purchaser Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the I ask, how long, just how long will the or in a method to enable determination of energy crisis, which President Carter has honest American business and working the class of purchaser involved in eaoh trans­ dramatized so well, is clearly dominating people continue to put up with this kind action. the opinions of our constituents as re­ of irresponsible destruction of their free­ D. Copies of any firm-price sales contracts which were in effect on May 15, 1973. flected in mail from home. dom? E. Cash receipts journal, accounts receiv­ It is also an issue receiving a great deal I say that the time has come for them able customer records or journals and bank of press commentary. An editorial in the to rise up and throw the rascals out. statements for the period from April 1, 1973 Wall Street Journal of April 27, analyzes Agencies like FEA have no place in through June 30, 1973. the President's emergency energy solu­ America. NOVEMBER 1, 1973 THROUGH APRIL 30, 1974 tions, and I insert it at this time for the Following is the text of the question­ RECORDS information of the Members: naire as required by the FEA: I. Weighted average unit cost of each prod­ 1,001 YEARS OF NATURAL GAS FEDERAL ENERGY ADMINISTRA­ uct on a firm wide basis. The conventional wisdom about President TION, PORTLAND AREA OFFICE, A. Inventory records and;or reports which Carter's energy program seems to be that the Portland, Oreg., April18, 1977. wlll indicate for November 1, 1973 or for the gasoline tax won't fiy in Congress, but that Re: Bob Nicholes Oil Co. Case No. 021H00080. most recent prior date, and for the date of the other elements of the plan will sooner or GALE P. HILYER, JR., Esq., each price change or for a date closest to the later be enacted. Indeed, there is a deep sus­ Seattle, Wash. date of each price change for the period from ptcion among the political crowd that the DEAR MR. HILYER: This is in regard to our November 1, 1973 through April 30, 1974 the: gas tax was designed to lose, in the process audit of Bob Nicholes Oil Co. (Nicholes Oil) 1. Location of inventory. drawing off the opposition's energies so the described in our letter of December 28, 1976. 2. Total storage available at that location. rest of the package could go through un­ We have reviewed the information fur­ 3. Number of gallons in inventory. molested. nished pursuant to our written request of 4. Type of product in inventory. Our own estimate, though, is that the whole December 28, 1976 to Nicholes Oil. It has 5. Date inventory was taken. package will collapse a piece at a time. This been determined that for our initial review, B. Purchase invoices from all suppliers for estimate is not merely wishful thinking, al­ additional information will be required from the period October 1, 1973 through April 30, though it certainly expresses our hopes. But the accounting records, source documents, 1974 whlch wm indicate that: it is more firmly based on the fact that the financial statements and/or summary re­ 1. Number of gallons purchased. United States has been seriously thinking ports of Nicholes Oil. 2. Freight costs/discounts for product de­ about energy for more than three years. Not As such; the following is a list of the mini­ livered/picked-up. only the general public, but also Congress mum records and/or reports which the Fed­ 3. Unit cost of product purchased. and the press corps have developed a sophis­ eral Energy Administration (FEA) will re­ 4. Point of delivery;pickup of product pur­ tication about energy issues, and we think we quire to determine Nicholes' compliance with chased. are now past the point of being vulnerable FEA Regulations. These records are request­ 5. Type of product purchased. to blindly adopting scare scenarios and emer­ ed to be made available to the FEA at C. Copies of any firm-price purchase con­ gency solutions. Nicholes' place of business in Caldwell, Idaho tracts which were in effect on November 1, The notion that we may soon be freezing by May 2, 1977. 1973 or became effective during the period in the dark unless we sacrifice by paying MAY 15, 1973 RECORDS from November 1, 1973 through April 30, 1974. higher taxes to Washington could not be sold D. CheC'k register or disbursements journal, to Congress by President Ford and Vice Pres­ I. Weighted average unit cost of each prod­ accounts payable ledgers, and cancelled ident Rockefeller when we were all relative uct in inventory on a firm wide basis. checks for product purchases for the period greenhorns at the energy game. Yes, Mr. A. Inventory records and/or reports which October 1, 1973 through April 30, 1974. Carter certainly deserves his chance to scare will indicate for May 15, 1973, or for the most II. Sales prices for all classes of purchasers Congress into action. But because he seems recent prior date, the following: (as defined in 10 C.F.R. Section 212.31 and to learn quickly and is flexible rather than 1. Location of inventory. elucidated in Ruling 1975-2) that the firm stubborn, there is a good chance Mr. Carter 2. Total storage available at that location. has treated separately in its sales of each wm discover the true shape of the energy 3. Number of gallons in inventory. product. Per the definition referenced above, problem in the process of fa111ng to get any 4. Type of product in inventory. the following documents are required: major portion of his package adopted. 5. Date inventory was taken. A. Sales invoices for all sales from Novem­ Take natural gas, for example. Mr. Carter B. Purchase invoices from all suppliers for ber 1, 1973 through April 30, 1974 which in­ apparently thinks the United States is run­ the period April1, 1973 through May 31, 1973 clude the: ning out of the stuff. If that were true, we which will indicate the: 1. Name of purchaser. might be as scared as he seems to be. But in 1. Number of gallons purchased. 2. Number of gallons sold. the course of the debates on his plan, the 2. Freight costs/discounts for product de­ 3. Type of product sold. President will discover that while we are now livered/picked up. 4. The unit price of the product sold. consuming 20 trillion cubic feet of natural 3. Unit cost of product purchased. 5. Total sales amount. gas every year and that--if prices were only 4. Point of delivery/pick-up of product B. The above mentioned sales documents decontrolled-we have roughly 20,000 trillion purchased. must either be sorted by class of purchaser cubic feet of natural gas at hand, with some May 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13197 estimates that there may be 50,000 trllllon Hosler, of Pennsylvania State Univer­ Before proposing the permanent use of cubic feet of it. That is, enough to last be­ sity's College of Earth and Mineral several million acres for hardware to collect tween 1,000 and 2,500 years at current con­ solar energy in a state such as Pennsylvania, It was explained to them recently in a brief­ Sciences, on the role we can expect solar It should be considered that, by surface min­ sumption. energy to play in our search for new Ing several thousand acres, the equivalent The President's energy advisers know this. sources. energy could be obtained from coal. The lng by specialists of the American Gas As­ The answer, in a nutshell, is that the amount of land being actively used for sur­ sociation. Experts in ERDA have been try­ utility of this concept will be severely face mining at any one time would be several ing to tell the White House too, but have limited in the near term, and we cannot hundred times smaller than that perma­ been snubbed apparently on the ground that expect solar sources to fulfill more than nently needed for solar collectors, and the this news would take the sting out of the 10 to 12 percent of our energy needs in mined areas can be restored to normal us­ scare. age in a short time after the coal is removed. What Mr. Carter has been told is that we this century. Furthermore, any signifi­ The cost of the energy to the consumer will have only 216 trillion cubic feet of proven cant use of solar energy will entail enor­ be only a tenth or less of the price of solar reserves of natural gas, 10 years' supply. But mous capital costs for such equipment as energy. that number was developed by the U.S. Geo­ solar collectors. Another energy alternative under active logical Survey in 1974 relating resources Much of the attractiveness of the solar research is wind power. It is also very expen­ available at 1974 technology and 1974 prices, concept would appear to stem from the sive and to provide Pennsylvania's energy of 52 cents per thousand cubic feet. USGS fact that the sun's rays are free--we have needs, as many as several milllon windmills does not and never has projected what re­ them in essentially unlimited quantities would have to dot the landscape. The pro­ sources would be available at higher prices. liferation of these huge (200-foot-high) ERDA, though, has unofficially estimated and need only apply them to man's needs. structures, which would have to be connected that at an uncontrolled price of $2.25 the Yet if we are to maintain a perspective by wires, would destroy whatever landscape nation would be awash with natural gas. It in this area it is essential to keep in mind we had left. would bring in 230 tr1llion cubic feet of what an equally important fact. It is that sun­ What's more, both solar and wind power USGS calls "inferred reserves," make eco­ light is really no freer to man than the would require storage of energy during nomic the 285 trillion cubic feet of Devonian coal and oil which represent a transfor­ cloudy, nighttime, or low-wind periods, and, shale in Appalachia, the 600 trlllion cubic mation of the sun's rays into energy of course, some type of power plant would feet of Western "tight sands" and between sources of a different type. All are there be needed to convert the stored energy to 200 trlllion and 300 trillion cubic feet of coal­ usable form. seam methane. by the force of nature, and all require Even 1f a major breakthrough in the ef­ At somewhere between $2.50 and $3.00 per great investments of capital and labor to ficiency of solar or wind systems should occur thousand cubic feet, the industry could tap extract and apply them. today, it would take decades and tremendous the big deposit-geopressured methane that Dean Hosler's message, in short, is that amounts of money to put the hardware and exists at depths of 15,000 feet, both onshore there are no fancy, new solutions to our distribution systems in place. It must also and offshore, in the Gulf region. This na­ energy dilemma, and we must expect to be remembered that the Arab nations, since tural gas dissolved in water runs to between their production costs are very low, can de­ rely on conventional energy sources such cide to reduce the price of oil at any time 20,000 and 50,000 trillion cubic feet. If you as coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear fis­ consider that 1,000 cubic feet of natural gas to equal or go below the cost of energy pro­ is roughly equivalent to one million British sion, as well as better use of wood and duced by alternative methods and make the Thermal Units, this exotic natural gas is not other materials, for dealing with that alternatives immediately uneconomical. all that expensive at $3 per million BTUs. dilemma throughout the remainder of All of this leads to the conclusion that Americans now pay about $2.05 per milllon this century. there is really no realistic new energy alter­ native which can have a major impact for BTUs of natural gas delivered at their homes, At this point I would like to include in the rest of this century. We must become $3 per mlllion BTUs of fuel oil and $1.10 per the RECORD a recent article from the more proficient and self-sufficient in the use million BTUs of electricity. Centre Daily Times in which Dean Hosler of conventional energy sources-coal, oil, gas, The only conceivable way Americans would outlined his views on this question: freeze In the dark anytime in the near fu­ and nuclear fission, and perhaps make better ture is if the government continues to keep GUEST COLUMN: EVALUATING SoLAR use of wood and other biological materials. the price of natural gas from getting into ENERGY We must explore our country and its con­ the ranges that would finance tapping these (By Dr. Charles L. Hosler) tinental shelf more thoroughly to locate more reserves. Holding down the price is of course Solar energy is very much in the news fossil fuel resources. We must be more em­ precisely what President Carter proposes, a these days---5o much so, in fact, that there is ctent and less destructive in extracting coal, ceiling of $1.75 per thousand cubic feet. concern that the level of enthusiasm for oil and gas from the earth. We must move we can't believe that President Carter utilizing the sun's heat may have distorted toward more energy-efficient industrial proc­ genuinely desires that we freeze in the dark the reality of what can be expected from esses, appliances, transportation systems, and because of his policies. Instead, we assume this source in the next 25 to 30 years. space heating. We must overcome the en­ It wlll take him a little time to get fully There are at present severe llmitations vironmental hazards of burning oil and coal, Informed on the true nature of the energy on the practical applications of solar energy and solve the safety and waste disposal prob­ problem. Perhaps some friend wm call him except to supplement home or industrial lems of nuclear power plants. These are up and tell him about this editorial, and plant space heating or domestic hot water things that can be done at a steady pace we can begin thinking of dancing in the heating. Since most homes and plants are and without disruption of our economy as dark instead of freezing in it. already built, and a very small number we add new energy faclllties and phase out (perhaps one per cent) of them are re­ old ones. placed each year, it is not plausible to ex­ But most important of all, we must con­ pect that, in this century, more than 10 to vince the public and our decisionmakers that 12 per cent of our total energy needs could there is no quick, cheap, easy answer to our THE LIMITATIONS ON SOLAR EN­ be satisfied by solar energy. problem. We must work hard and fast to ERGY'S ROLE IN OUR ENERGY While there is promise of significant develop conventional energy sources in order FUTURE utilization of solar energy and its deriva­ to survive the next 30 years, while, at the tives-such as wind, ocean thermal, and same time, we must keep the economy strong wave energy-in the next century, it must enough to support the research and develop­ HON. JOSEPH S. AMMERMAN ment of the new energy sources we must have be recognized that the capital costs of put­ for the next century. OF PENNSYLVANIA ting any of these systems in place would be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES large, and the diffuse nature of solar energy would require that collection systems of any Monday, May 2, 1977 type occupy very large areas. THE IMPORTANCE OF CAPITAL In Pennsylvania, for instance, millions of FORMATION Mr. AMMERMAN. Mr. Speaker, as the acres would have to be dedicated for fields of energy crisis has deepened in recent solar collectors-about 10 per cent of the years, we have heard much about the role state's surface area-by the year 2000 if all HON. NORMAN F. LENT of solar energy in providing a solution, energy needs were to be provided by the OF NEW YORK and we have seen a steady stream of bills sun's rays. This is roughly five times the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES introduced to promote this source. While area presently covered by buildings and we consider the stark realities of our roads-which may lead to second thoughts Monday, May 2, 1977 on the part of those who entertain the idea energy dilemma, as well as the Presi­ that solar energy is cheap and poses no en­ Mr. LENT. Mr. Speaker, our economy dent's recent conservation proposals, it vironmental problems. If solar energy is free, is in a state which can best be described would be well to ponder the views of one so are on and coal-the sun produced them as "stagflation." Most of our efforts to of my State's most authoritative spokes­ at no cost to us although we do pay a high date have been centered on a short-term men on these issues, Dean Charles L. price to extract, process, and transport them. solution, such as the $50 rebate, and I 13198 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 2, 1977 believe we have so far given too little and made fully refundable-that is, a Many other foundries have indicated an attention to ways to keep our economy cash rebate for those firms whose tax interest in joining as plaintiffs in the suit and may be added in the next week or two. healthy over the long run. credit exceeds their tax liability-it More than forty additional foundries, while The key to the future economic well­ would reduce the cost and increase the not participating directly in the law suit, being of the United States lies in in­ supply of capital-and in so doing, pro­ have submitted contributions to help finance creased capital formation, that is, the vide jobs and promote economic growth. it. The Cast Metals Federation, which is made investment of savings in factories, equip­ Finally, more equitable capital gains up of five major trade associations in the ment and new technology. These are tax rates would make investment in pro­ industry, has set up a separate fund to serve productive investments, and are the ductive assets more attractive. A smaller as a common account for participating com­ portion of the gain should be taxed the panies and for contributions. Address of the source of jobs and income. fund is the CMF-OSHA Legal Fund. P.O. Box Recent studies of U.S. capital needs longer the asset is held to reflect infla­ 128, Westchester, Illinois 60153. agree that the demand for capital will be tion and to reward the investor for sav­ On March 15 the Occupational Safety and increasing dramatically in the next 10 ing instead of consuming. Such an ap­ Health Administration launched the National years-we will need $4.5 trillion or proach would help free locked-in capi­ Emphasis Program (NEP) with the foundry $21,000 for every man, woman, and child tal, encourage new investment, and treat industry as its first target. Under the NEP in the United States. This capital is long-term investors and small business­ the foundry industry has been given a high needed to modernize and expand our in­ men more equitably. priority for comprehensive safety and health inspections with every foundry in the coun­ dustrial base and to meet the Nation's These recommendations are only a try slated for an inspection in the next year environmental requirements. few ways by which the health of free or two. Originally OSHA thought it could Thus, if the U.S. economy is to grow enterprise can be encouraged in the conduct a crash program in less than a year, and prosper, we need new and efficient United States. Through the increased but it miscalculated the nature and size of technology and increased productivity. production of real goods and services the industry. OSHA believed there were 1,500 The resulting efficiency will reduce in­ resulting from increased capital forma­ foundries in the country. Actually there are flationary pressures by keeping costs tion, we can reach full employment with­ 4,500, eighty (80) percent of which have less than 100 workers. The agency now says it down. Lower costs mean that the indi­ out inflation. doesn't know how long the program will take. vidual's income will buy more, because For these reasons, I support the rec­ Planning alone t<·ok a year and a half. he has a higher real income. Individuals ommendation of the Republican Policy The industry's concerns over the NEP were with higher real income will increase Committee for a permanent across-the­ strongly voiced to OSHA while the program their personal expenditures for goods and board cut in the tax rates. and the Jobs was in the development stage. The greatest services, and jobs will be created to fill Creation Act authored by my colleague, concern was that it would be inconsistent-­ that demand. and discriminatory-for the agency to pin­ Congressman JAcK KEMP. These are real­ point the industry for health as well as safe­ Currently, tax laws discourage invest­ istic approaches to improving our Na­ ty matters, particularly at a time when ment by taxing some income from invest­ tion's economy, and not an exercise, as OSHA is poorly staffed with inadequately ment twice-first taxing the corporation Milton Friedman described the proposed trained hygienists. and then taxing the stockholder on the $50 plan, in "throwing money out of an Charles T. Sheehan, the Cast Metals Fed­ same income. Present tax laws often do airplane." eration's, Vice President, termed OSHA a not allow businessmen to recover their "bad law poorly administered". He said that investments since provisions concerning Dr. Morton Corn, former Director of OSHA, in his final report to the Secretary of La:bor depreciation allowances and capital FOUNDRIES SUE OSHA in January, 1977 took twenty pages to list gains are too restrictive. the shortcomings in OSHA's administration. In light of the benefits that a high rate He further quoted Dr. Corn's reference to of capital formation can produce, it is HON. GEORGE HANSEN the shortage of hygienists- necessary to ask what can be done to OF IDAHO "In December 1975 . . . a decision was encourage capital investment. One way IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES reached to use all new position allocations is· to eliminate the bias in our tax laws for compliance to hire health compliance of­ to insure that our productive capacity is Monday, May 2, 1977 ficers or industrial hygienistls. Very few increased enough through savings and Mr. HANSEN. Mr. Speaker, more and qualified industrial hygienists were available for hiring and an ambitious three-year investment to create full employment more businesses are reacting strongly career development program for industrial and to reduce infiationary pressures. against OSHA. The increasing number of hygientists was initiated in September 1976; This bias can be eliminated by: Americans standing firm for their fourth approximately 200 individuals are enrolled Ending double taxation of corporate amendment rights is now expanding to at this time. It Js planned to enroll appproxi­ dividends. The present corporate tax is group action in tests of the constitu­ mately 100 beginner industrial hygienists paid by consumers in higher prices. Cor­ tionality of the Occupational Safety and in this program during 1977 .'' porations do not pay taxes, they are Health Act. I present for the REcoRD a Mr. Sheehan said that OSHA admits in­ merely a form of doing business-people press release from Cast Metals Federa­ adequate study before the program was an­ nounced, including the lack of any eco­ pay taxes. tion, April 22, 1977, that announces a nomic impact study. Making depreciation allowances fair­ recent court action by this industry As a consequence of these concerns about er and more realistic. Depreciation allow­ which seeks a judgment requiring OSHA the OSHA-NEP and because of substantial ances for business under the tax code do to obtain a search warrant prior to con­ and growing judicial support, the Cast not refiect the true cost of replacing ducting an inspection. This is long over­ Metals Federation stated in communications plant and equipment; that is, capital due and most welcome. to its members that, while it might not ap­ goods. Because of infiation, the cost of FOUNDRIES SUE OSHA pear to be in the best Interest of some capital goods increases while the depre­ On April20, 1977 twenty-five foundries filed foundries, it is in the best interest of the ciation allowance reflects . the original a joint civil action against F. Ray Marshall, industry to insist that rights guaranteed cost-a printing press today costs far U.S. Secretary of Labor and Eula Bingham, under the Fourth Amendment to the Con­ more than the same press purchased 10 Assistant Secretary of Labor, in the Federal stitution be asserted. This insistence would District Court for the District of Columbia. entail the refusal of entry of an OSHA in­ years ago, but depreciation is allowed spector or inspection team to non-public only on the "old" cost, not replacement The complaint seeks a judgment declaring that the OSHA Act requires the Labor De­ areas of the premises unless and until a cost. Thus, firms often have insufficient partment to obtain search warrants prior to search warrant obtained upon a showing of reserves to replace worn out or obsolete making searches or inspections; declaring probable cause was presented. The CMF did equipment, or to expand their facilities. that warrantless searches and inspections by recommend to its foundries that they con­ A more realistic approach would be to agents of the Secretary of Labor are in con­ sult with their attorneys prior to taking permit business to "catch up" with in­ travention of the statutory authority granted such action. flation by permitting depreciation based by the OSHA Act, and furthermore are un­ The class action suit resulted when a on the cost of replacement. constitutional and void in that they violate group of foundries decided to pool their re­ the plaintiff's Fourth Amendment rights un­ sources to fight OSHA's warrantless inspec­ Encouraging firms to invest in produc­ der the U.S. Constitution. tion program. tive activities through a tax credit given The complaint also asked the court to issue Sheehan said, "The Barlow case which de­ to those firms who invest in capital an injunction restraining the Labor Depart­ clared the inspection provisions of OSHA goods. If the "Investment Tax Credit" ment from conducting warrantless searches unconstitutional won't be argued before the is raised to 12 percent, made permanent and inspections. Supreme Court until next fall or winter. May 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13199 This doesn't mean that foundries have to are best exemplified in our free enterprise of life; the promise to every person his or waive their rights until the case is heard. system which allows anyone to build a fac­ her chance, regardless of race, sex or beliefs. Also, in addition to the Barlow case, there tory or start a business-a. privilege unheard Third-trust--trust in a government that have been many federal district courts which of in many countries. has worked for over two-hundred years. Trust held that, while the OSHA act itself is not The family business, once the mainstay o! in the American way, where people are kind unconstitutional, the actions of the agency the American economic system has dimin­ and good. Fourth-individuality-the right in seeking warrantless searches are uncon­ ished until now. Big business, mass produc­ of every man to be his own man, one among stitutional. These cases are all based on the tion, and computerization of this nation and the millions, but stm an individual. And Gibson Products and Hertzler cases." its industries have dwarfed the individual, fifth-pride--pride in a country that stands "Many foundries have turned OSHA in­ making him an insignificant number, one of tan among the world's giants-pride 1n our spectors away if they did not have a. war­ xnillions on a spool of magnetic tape. This heritage, and pride in ourselves in realizing rant. Some even turned them away when has lead to the oft used and most incorrect that to be an American is a unique privilege. the inspectors arrived with a broad, gen­ statement, "I'm just one." This should read, Freedom, promise, trust, individuality, and eral warrant. These cases are being litigated "I am one." pride--five words, with five totally different all across the country." "One man" invented movable type open­ meanings, but combine them, and you get "Hopefully" Sheehan said, "this joint ac­ ing the door to more effective communication America. America is not only people and tion will slow OSHA's stampede of enforc­ methods. "One ma.n" threw the world into those indescribable feelings. America. is also ing its premature and 111-conceived National the electric age by inventing the light bulb. a land rich in the wonders of nature. Thun­ Emphasis Program as well as minimizing un­ And "One Man" working for only three years, dering mountains, slow moving rivers, golden necessary legal expenditures foundries are influenced the course of the entire world wheat fields, these, too, are America. Edgar being forced into, until such time as the gaining hundreds of millions of followers in Lee Masters said, "This is the country that legality of the Act or of OSHA's actions is what we know as the Christian movement. Cabot, Hudson, Raleigh, Coronado, Smith determined." Our forefathers received the many rights and DeSoto stared at with blinded eyes, do­ which a democracy had to offer and simul­ ing all that they could to undf:'rstand its taneously accepted the responsib111ties de­ meaning." I believe that is what every Ameri­ manded by a. government of the people. But can does all his life. What is America and WHAT AMERICA MEANS TO ME times are changing and the emphasis is no what does it mean to me? To me, Amerlca ts longer on responsib111ties but on rights and home. A place safe, secure and happy. Can yet without the former the latter will soon any of you imagine living in any other coun­ HON. ROBERT S. WALKER collapse. try besides America.? I know I can't, because Our forefathers faced many obstacles in OF PENNSYLVANIA there is no country in the world that can their search for freedom, and time and again, compare to America. I could give endless ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Americans have rallied to a. cause whatever amples of America, but I won't because in Monday, May 2, 1977 it xnight be, realizing and surpassing every your own minds you all have your own pic­ goal they have set. Where is this spirit today? tures of what our country is. I am in awe of Mr. WALKER. Mr. Speaker, I had the Why are we now willing to accept rights this great land of ours and nothing can ex­ privilege this year of being among those without fulfilling our responsib111ties? Has press my feelings better than the words of who judged the national finals of the the fear of standing out in our society be­ Daniel Webster, "Thank God, I, also, am an Voice of Democracy Contest sponsored come so great that we are no longer willing American?" by the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the to be leaders and are always content to fol­ low the crowd? A democracy demands the (Jeffery Bryan Lockman, a senior at HiXson United States. As I am sure my col­ complete and undivided attention of all its High School, Hixson, Tennessee, recipient of leagues know, this is a very worthwhile members in order to prevent corruption. As the second place VFW $5,000 Voice of De­ program which allows yow1g people to was proven by the downfall of the Greek mocracy Scholarship Award.) express their feelings about being an civilization, the worst enemy of freedom or The question is asked: What does America American and participating in our sys­ democracy is apathy. Shabby politics and mean to me? This is a question that I can­ tem of government. I myself partici­ ultra-liberals have broken down the back­ not avoid. Today it seexns that a man must pated in this contest as a high school bone of our political system while declining have a reason to do the things he does. So student. standards of morality have reduced our social why America? Why not live in another coun­ system and now, in the opinion of many, try? To say that I like it here would be The speeches that eventually won our nation is on the brink of disaster. flippant, for I have never traveled outside awards in the States and in the Nation It will soon be my generation's turn to this country's boundaries. To say that just are among the best available material make decisions which could alter the course because I was born here, I therefore ought to of expressing the worth of being an in­ of our nation. It will soon be my generation's stay would be blind duty. To say that I do valved citizen of our great Nation. This turn to share the burdens of a democracy. not know what America means to me would year the State winner from Pennsyl­ Wlll I shirk my responsib1lities? Or will I do show me to have a passive attitude about my vania was Brian Kauffman of Myers­ more than what is expected of me in order to country and therefore, render me prey to maintain the freedom of this country? seemingly logical ideas which actually seek town in Lebanon County of my congres­ I see many things off in the shadows of the to obliterate the basic principles on which sional district. For the benefit of my col­ dawn of our third century as a nation; some this country was founded. leagues, I would like to provide them the good, some bad. But all of them wlll have to To me, America does not mean simply a opportunity of seeing Brian's speech, as be faced, head-on. And with the spirit of our well formed government; it is not public well as the five speeches that were forefathers, we shall make the right decisions. buildings where laws are made and judged; judged the best in the Nation in the I am ready to do my part to insure that "the it is not advanced communications systexns 1976-77 contest. The texts of these six star spangled banner in triumph shall wave which link one ocean with another. Although speeches follow: o'er the land of the free and the home of the these things have helped make America great, brave." they are not America. To me, America means WHAT AMERICA MEANS TO ME people . . . People who are bound together (By G. Brian Kauffman) SPEECHES by the same ideas and principles which have During the British siege of Fort McHenry (Deana Faye Reece, Harrisonv1lle, Missouri, existed in the mind of man for centuries . . . during the War of 1812, Francis Scott Key a Senior at Harrisonv1lle Senior High School, Principles for which men have fought and asked, in what is now our national anthem, recipient of the first place VFW $10,000 Ad­ died, and if necessary, will continue to fight "Oh! Say can you see ...? Does that star miral Leland P. Lovette Memorial Scholar­ and die. spangled banner yet wave o'er the land of ship Award.) What are these principles? What causes the free and the home of the brave?" When I think of America., I see it in a series bind human beings together and enable them As America. plunges into its third century of pictures. A small Midwestern tcwn-clea.n to throw off oppressive systexns of govern­ as a democratic venture, I believe we must and white and lazy in the morning sun. A ment and carve out of an unexplored wilder­ look ahead into the "dawn's early light" in teeming Eastern city-loud, blustery, moving ness, a nation that is so great that it ranks order to see if we will still be a nation of quickly. The deserts and the marshes, the among the greatest of all time? One of these self-government in the year 2076. rolling hills and the plains, the farmer, the causes is justice . . . not justice that is dis­ America has always been a nation of imxni­ doctor, the banker and the mechanic-these torted by prejudice, hate, and greed; but grants, the British, Dutch, Germans, Irish, are America. America is land. America is justice that seeks to know the truth, and and Slavs-all leaving their homeland, often people. This land of ours means so many make sound decisions based upon that truth. penniless, seeking freedom. All of them find­ things, that it is hard to describe. There are Another American principle is peace . . . ing it in America. It is because of this widely five words that I always associate with Amer­ Peace that stands erect 1n a world where in­ varied background that America has become ica. First--freedom-freedom to be whatever justice and bloodshed seem to have become the greatest nation on earth. This variety you want to be; held only to the limits of the norms. When was the last time that you of heritages gave people a sense of apprecia­ your own visions; freedom to choose your and your famlly lived in absolute fear of your tion for their new country and its freedmns. God, and freedom to say what you think. Sec­ home being destroyed 1n a time of war? Not The self respect and pride of the individual ond-promise--the promise of a better way since the Civil War has military conflict oc- CXXITI--831-Part 11 13200 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 2, 1977 curred within the continental boundaries of this is that equality has been strived for stops! . . . Still, even though lost in a world the United States. We in America can stand throughout our history and presently this of play and light-heartedness at times, I proud that our leaders have not waited for equality is becoming more a reality than always come back to the deeper meaning of trouble to strike here before taking action. an ideal. this great land . . . When we were threatened elsewhere, we One of the greatest things about O'Ur coun­ Because to me America is also the history stopped the trouble there. try is that we have consistently had a gov­ of accomplisp.men t . . . From the landing But still, the question remains: What does ernment that was both responsive and re­ of the pilgrims on our shores . . . to our America mean to me? I can quote history and sponsible, signified by the letter "R". In astronauts landing on the moon ... we have cite facts as easily as the next man; but that general, our government has responded to asserted ourselves ... We have failed many still does not express what my country means the needs and desires of its people, and in times, but always tried again until we suc­ to me personally. Let me express my feel­ so doing, it has become a tool for the bene­ ceeded . . . From those early pioneers, the ing about America, my homeland: fit of the people rather than an instrument men and women of the Declaration ~ . . America is waking up in the morning, fqr their exploitation. In addition, all of through the gold miners pushing westward knowing that no man can take away the the branches of our government have been ... to moonwalkers ... it is the American freedoms which I enjoyed yesterday; know­ accountable to the people f·or their actions, soul, the American mind, the American love ing that I have chosen the work which I a factor which emphasizes Amerioa's demo­ of accomplishing what seems impossible ..• will do that day; and having the security of cratic position. that makes up the American dream ... knowing that even though I may work for a This brings up one of the distinctives tha.rt America is its great writers, old and new private company, I am contributing to a definitely serves to make the United States ... Emerson and Thoreau, daring to express financial system that will benefit not only a great place to live, that is, the importance new ways of life and questioning established myself, but others as well. of the individual, represented by the letter values . . . Steinbeck, and McKuen, and America is a promise . . . A promise that "I". This is perhaps one of the strongest Rinder writing of the poverty and richness I will be given an equal chance at life; be­ points of the American philosophy. It is of American life and love . . . cause even though my talents may not be upon this concept that our voting system America is its women, both great and un­ as numerous as another man's, I may equal is based and it is through this voting process known ... From Susan B. Anthony, Doro­ or excel his abilities by ambition and hard that the vast majority of decisions are made. thea Dix, and Elizabeth Stanton to Gloria. work. This voting process determines the men and Steinem and Betty Friedan . . . they all America is an environment in which free­ women who will be representing us in our have done much to perfect the American dom lives and breathes ... An environment government, and that, perhaps, is the most dream ... that is suitable for the growth of youg men important decision that can ever be made. America is its· churches and church fel­ and women who will be tomorrow's leaders So we see that the individual is at the very lowship . . . worshipping God in various ... Leaders who will stir up men's imagina­ heart of our political system, and this is an ways without fear . . . Our land is vast tions and inspire them to do the impossible, integral part of what America means to me. enough to accommodate all religions with a. and do it with eagerness. The "C" is a symbol of the cloudy days minimum of conflict . . . The whole world America is the foundation of my liberty. that our country has already weathered. knows this and consequently many of the I depend upon her for freedom, justice, and From the Whiskey · Rebellion and the Civil persecuted and underpriviledged from other peace. God forbid that the day should come War, right on up to the political events of lands have come here to participate in the when "Old Glory" no longer waves proudly the past few yei8.1'S, the strength of our American dream . . . Overcrowded already. in the breeze. For on that day my spirit country has been under a constant chal­ America. is always ready to accept more! will have been vandalized and my heart lenge. The f.aot that we have survived these Above all . . . America is its people 1 . . . assaulted. events and; in most cases, emerged from The freaks and the straights ... the All­ America: A dream built by men, a reality them a bit stronger than we were when we American boys and the good-time Disney of today, a hope for tomorrow. For 200 years began is a very reassuring thought. girls I ... Hippies and conformists! ... Chil­ she has stood firm, and with God's help, Finally, this brings me to the most en­ dren in nursery schools, and senior citizens always will. couraging part in what Amer'ica means to in nursing homes ... Those who work for me and that is the Anticipation of the America. and those who work against it ... (Craig Allan Keefer, a Senior at Newburgh future, represented by the last "A" in But, it is America. ... a. land that admits Free Academy, Newburgh, New York, re­ America. The citizens of America can be and tolerates them all .. . cipient of the third place VFW $3,500 Voice very proud of the history of this country America. is the fads brought on by these of Democracy Scholarship Award.) and the many accomplishments that have people ... Diets and jogging ... flagpole sit­ The meaning that the institution of been inscribed in the annals of America. We ting, and goldfish swallowing . . . miniskirts. America holds for me oan most readily be can be happy to think of how nice things and gauchos ... peace marches against the discerned through a brief examination of were way back when, but that's not the end. Vili>lence of war . . . Our fads are sometimes the letters comprising the word "America". Our country is one in which much faith can foolish and unhealthy . . . sometimes pro­ Each of these letters stands for one of seven be placed in spite of human errors of the found and lasting ... yet they are always important concepts that constitute what past. Because of this, we can look to the the unique products of the American ex­ America means to me. future with an attitude of confidence and perience . . . the American dream! . . . America. . . . land of many freedoms . . . The leading "A" in America brings to this is what has characterized the prospects for the future of America since its birth in land of many choices . . . and we, as Amer­ mind the Ancestry that is shared by all of icans are free to choose from many varied the peoples of the United Stwtes without 1776. This makes clear the one word that summarizes what America really means to life styles . . . Whether we follow someone regard to personal background. This an­ else or make up something completely new cestry of which I speak refers to the first ·me; and that word 1s hope. It is only bacause of this word that I can truthfully say the is up to us . . . There are no restrictions American colonists. It is necessary that this ... no one tells us what work we must do ancestry should form the foundation of my things I have already said. It's this word that will continue to fortify the strength ... how we must live our lives . . . meaning of America because these people And yet sometimes . . . Americans are and their beliefs formed the cornerstone of America and it's this word that w111 give people the desire to survive. Hope, the afraid ... but what they fear, is common to upon which the United Sta.tes of America all peoples of the world . . . They fear the was established. strength of the past, the light of the present and the key to the future! possiblllty of war ... sickness ... they fear The "M" reminds us of the Melting Pot the loneliness of old age . . . that America truly is. It is very difficult to (Wendy Sue Achorn, a Senior at Medomak Sometimes, America. is nostalgia ... mem- find another country with a populus com­ Valley High School, Waldoboro, Maine, re­ ories of the past ... But, most of all Amer- posed of people with so many different back­ cipient of the fourth place VFW $2,500 Voice ica. to me is hope! ... hope for the future r grounds. The variety of ideas and customs of Democracy Scholarship Award.) America., which began as a burning hope in that these people have brought into this Simply being born is a miracle in itself the hearts of our forefathers so many years country have helped it become the great . . . but, being born an American, surely is ago, has become a profound inspiration to nation that it is today. It is the combina­ even more of a blessing . . . countless of millions of people the world tion of the best of these customs and beliefs Brought up in the American tradition ... over ... that has come to be known as the American being taught its many freedoms ... antic­ We must cherish and preserve this hope tradition. ipating the wonderful life awaiting me ... because it represents the American dream The "E" in Amerioa represents the equal­ learning through the experience of others . . . the dream of a. better life for us . . . and ity that, more and more, America has come ... has resulted in a greater understanding for all who come after us . . . to represent. This equality is not limited to of what America means ... yet, only now, any one prominent area but it applies to a am I beginning to realize the infinite variety (David William Norsworthy, a. Senior at number of realms within our country. It of American life . . . Selma High School, Selma., Alabama., recip­ might be said by some that there is no true America to me ... is ketchup! and pepper- ient of the fifth place VFW $1,500 Voice of equality to be found anywhere in this coun­ mint lifesavers! ... poetry and snowstorms Democracy Scholarship Award.) try, however, this can be attributed to the ... blue jeans and flannel shirts ... mit­ The cold, dreary day in December of 1903 f.111Ct that our country is, was and always will tens and snowmen I . . . America is Pepsi seemed to stifle all activity around the little be composed of human beings, none of commercial-style fun, and wholesome­ North Carolina community. The overcast which is perfect. The important aspect of ness I . . . football games and McDonalds skies and threat of rain made everything May 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13201 seem dull. But two brothers felt otherwise. tough-minded than its people. It cannot be onment. And they include denial of fair On that day in December in Kitty Hawk, more inflexibly committed to the task than public trial, and invasion of the home. Wilbur and Orville Wright were to fly the they. It cannot be wiser than the people." Second, there is the right to the fulfillment first airplane and unknown to them, would The wisdom of 200 years is apparent when of such vital needs as food, shelter, health change the course of history. When the one reflects upon this nation of ours. Amer­ care and education. We recognize that the Wright brothers had completed their flight, ica is like an airplane soaring straight and fulfillment of this right wlll depend, in part, they were to reflect upon its characteristics. true, always climbing to greater heights. upon the stage of a nation's economic devel­ They knew that to handle in the air, their The craft of liberty, powered by strong wills, opment. But we also know that this right craft must be flexible, so they installed bend­ is guided by nothing less than the flexible can be violated by a government's action or able wings onto the airplane. There was pres­ character of those individuals that care inaction-for example, through corrupt offi­ ent also a cognizance of the strength enough to live as free men. cial processes which divert resources to an achieved through fiexibllity. elite at the expense of the needy, or through America, two-hundred years after her indifference to the plight of the poor. birth, is equally aware of the strength Third, there is the right to enjoy civil and achieved through flexibility, the capacity to REALISM IN HUMAN RIGHTS political liberties-freedom of thought; of bend, to change, to adapt. Foundations of religion; of assembly; freedom of speech; governments are set on nothing less than freedom of the press; freedom of movement the strength of their people, and citizens of HON. JOHN J. LaFALCE both within and outside one's own country; freedom to take part in government. this great land have built America upon their OF NEW YORK adaptabllity. Our policy is to promote all these rights. Jim Schofield, a New England merchant, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES They are all recognized in the Universal Dec­ his wife Angela and their four young chil­ Monday, May 2, 1977 laration of Human Rights, a basic document dren packed their bags and left Hartford, which the United States helped fashion and Connecticut in the summer of 1872 for an Mr. LAFALCE. Mr. Speaker, I would which the United Nations approved in 1948. unknown area-the West. The long, trying like to take this opportunity to share with There may be disagreement on the priorities journey through town and country, over hill you the thoughts of Secretary of State, these rights deserve. But I believe that, with and through valley finally brought them to Cyrus Vance in his Law Day speech at work, all of these rights can become com­ their promised land-the wide plains of the University of Georgia Law School in plementary and mutually reinforcing. Wyoming. No farming had been tried, there The philosophy of our human rights policy Athens. The Secretary of State, while ad­ is revolutionary in the intellectual sense, was no green grass for grazing, but the Scho­ in fields somehow managed to survive the hard­ vocating that we should be strong our reflecting our nation's origin and progressive ship and insecurity of the mysterious new support of human rights around the values. As Archibald MacLeish wrote during land. I! not for this strong-willed attitude world, also noted that our policy should our Bicentennial a year ago, "The cause of and hunger for freedom, America would not be realistic and that we should not human Uberty Is now the one great revolu­ be. The Schofield family, along with count­ rigidly try to impose our values on other tionary cause.... " less other settlers, epitomize the strength of countries. President Carter put it this way in his the frontiersmen, But where dld they get Our policy should be determined on a speech before the United Nations: this strength? The abllity to adapt to strange, country-by-country basis in a :flexible " ... All the signatories of the UN Char­ unfamiliar, even threatening environments manner. Such an approach enables us to ter have pledged themselves to observe and and circumstances was the well of strength to respect basic human rights. Thus, no which has been tapped time and again consider the issue of human rights along member of the United Nations can claim that throughout our history. with other basic human needs, such as mistreatment of its citizens is solely its own Mother Nature, in all her beauty and hunger and poverty. His position is well business. Equally, no member can avoid its mystery, can often be a harsh mistress. With taken and I believe we should pay careful responsibllities to review and to speak when all of our advanced technology and rapidly note to his views on this important issue. torture or unwarranted deprivation occurs 1n accelerating research and development, we His speech reads as follows: any part of the world ...." Since 1945, international practice has con­ are still at the mercy of the Elements. Earth­ HUMAN RIGHTS AND FOREIGN POLICY quakes, tornadoes, storms and hurricanes firmed that a nation's obligation to respect Dean Beaird, student.s, faculty and alumni batter, rip and crack at the earth, coming human rights is a matter of concern in inter­ of the University of Georgia Law School, dis­ without warning and leaving only desola­ nationa! law. tinguished guests: I am delighted to be here Our obligation under the United Nations tion in their wake. But even when disaster with you on Law Day. And I am honored by strikes, Americans cope with crisis through Charter is written into our own legislation. the presence of my friend Dean Rusk, a dis­ For example, our Foreign Assistance Act now their fiexibllity. The recent floods in Colorado tinguished member of your faculty. and the tornadoes that tore through the ree.ds: "a principal goal of the foreign policy I speak today about the resolve of this of the United States is to promote the in­ Midwest last year caused concern in Amer­ Administration to make the advancement of ica, but despite the magnitude of the damage creased observance of internationally recog­ human rights a central part of our foreign nized human rights by all countries." no aid was required or was given by any other policy. nations. The ability to respond to disaster is In these ways, our policy Is in keeping with Many here today have long been advocates our tradition, our international obligations inherently present in all Americans, and of human rights within our own society. And this characteristic is a direct result of our and our laws. throughout our nation that struggle for civil In pursuing a human rights policy, we abllity to adapt to changing circumstances. rights continues. Not only is adaptabllity the key to expan­ must always keep in mind the limits CYf our In the early years of our civil rights move­ power and of our wisdom. A sure formula for sion and to civil defense, but the abllity to ment, many Americans treated the issue as a flex is essential for Liberty. Freedom Is un­ defeat of our goals would be a rigid, hubristic "Southern" problem. They were wrong. It attempt to impose our values on others. A obtainable without fiexibllity and, "Eternal was and Is a problem for all of us. Now, as a vigilance is the price of liberty," stated one doctrinaire plan of action would be as dam­ nation, we must not make a comparable mis­ aging as indifference. of our first ardent patriots, John PhUpot take. Protection of human rights is a chal­ Curran. When Mr. Curran spoke of "eternal lenge for all countries, not just for a few. We must be realistic. Our country can only vigUance," he was speaking of the need for Our human rights policy must be under­ achieve our objectives if we shape what we an armed service to protect our most hal­ stood in order to be effective. So today I do to the case at hand. In each instance, we lowed privilege; our freedom. The functional want to set forth the substance of that policy, will consider these questions as we determine example of democracy for all the world to and the results we hope to achieve. whether and how to act: see, America must protect her freedom Our concern for hu:na.n rights is built upon 1. First, we will ask ourselves, what is the through a strong defense. WhUe political ad­ ancient values. It looks with hope to a world nature of the case tha;t confronts us? For versaries of our nation reach out to conquer in which liberty is not just a great cause, but example: weaker nations, America stretches forth a the common condition. In the past, it may What kind of violations or deprivations protective hand. The Armed Forces neces­ have seemed sufficient to put our name to are there? What is their extent? sarUy must possess flexible qualities in such international documents that spoke loftily of Is there a pattern to the violations? If so, an aggressive world, or America would lose human rights. That is not enough. We will is the trend toward concern for human rights her sympathy for the small, freedom desiring go to work, alongside other people and gov­ or away from it? nations. For, the stronghold of liberty must ernments to protect and enhance the dignity What is the degree of control and respon­ be protected by arttlleries of open minded, of the individual. sibility of the government involved? freedom-loving citizens, not afraid to fight Let me define what we mean by "human And, finally, is the government willing to for the cause of liberty, but not hesitant to rights." permit independent, outside investigation? change to a more effective means of protec­ First, there is the right to be free from 2. A second set of questions concerns the tion. governmental violation of the integrity of prospects for effective action: AdaU Stevension remarked in Chicago in the person. Such violations include torture; Wlll our action be useful in promating the September of 1952 that, "Government (in a cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment or overall cause of human rights? democracy) cannot be stronger or more punishment; and arbitrary arrest or impris- Will it actually improve the specific con- 13202 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 2, 1977 ditions at hand? Or will it be likely to make The United States is seeking increased in coming but are no less worth pursuing, things worse instead? consultation with other nations for joint and we intend to let other countries know Is the country involved receptive to our programs on economic assistance and more where we stand. int~est and efforts? general efforts to promote human rights. We We recognize that many nations of the Will others work with us, including official are working to assure that our efforts reach world are organized on authoritarian rather and private international organizations ded­ out to all, with particular sensitivity to the than democratic principles--oome large and icated to furthering human rights? problems of women. powerful, others struggling to raise the lives Finally, does our sense of values and de­ We will meet in Belgrade later this year to of their people above bare subsistence levels. cency demand that we spee.k out or take review implementation of the Final Act of We can nourish no illusions that a call to action 81Ilyway, even though there is only a the Conference on Security and Cooperation the banner of human rights will bring sud­ remote chance of making our influence felt? in Europe-the so-called Helsinki Con­ den transformations in authoritarian socie­ 3. We will ask a third set of questions in ference. We will take this occasion to work ties. order to maintain a sense of perspective: for progress there on important human We are embarked on a long journey. But Rave we steered away from the self­ issues: family reunification, binational mar­ our faith in the dignity of the individual en­ righteous and strident, remembering that riages, travel for personal and professional courages us to believe that people in every our own record is not unblemished? reasons, and freer access to informatiou. society, according to their own traditions, Rave we been sensitive to genuine security The United States looks to use of economic will in time give their own expression to this interests, realizing tha.t outbreak of armed assistance-whether bilateral or through fundamental aspiration. conflict or terrorism could in itself pose a international financial institutions-as a Our belief is strengthened by the way the serious threa.t to huma.n rigths? means to foster basic human rights. Helsinki principles and the UN Declaration Have we considered all the rights at stake? We have proposed a 20% increase in United of Human Rights have found resonance in If, for instance, we reduce aid to a govern­ States foreign economic assistance for Fiscal the hearts of people of many countries. Our ment which violates the political rights of its Year 1978. task is to sustain this faith, by our example citizens, do we not risk. penalizing the hun­ We are expanding the program of the and our encouragement. gry and poor, who bear no responsibility for Agency for International Development for In his inaugural address, three months the abuses of their government? "New Initiatives in Human Rights" as a com­ ago, President Carter said, "Because we are If we are determined to act, the means plement to present efforts to get the benefits free we can never be indifferent to the fate available range from quiet diplomacy in its of our aid to those most in need abroad. of freedom elsewhere. . . ." Again, at a meet­ many forms, through public pronounce­ The programs of the United States Infor­ ing of the Organization of American States ments, to withholding of assistance. When­ mation Agency and the State Department's two weeks ago, he said, "you will find this ever possible, we will use positive steps of Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs country eager to stand beside those nations encouragement and inducement. Our strong stress support for law in society, a free press, which respect human rights and promote support will go to countries that are work­ freedom of communication, an open educa­ democratic values." ing to improve the human condition. We will tional system, and respect for ethnic diver­ We seek these goals because they are always try to act in concert with other coun­ sity. right--and because we too w111 benefit. Our tries, through international bodies. This Administration's human rights policy own well-being, and even our security, are In the end, a decision whether and how to has been framed in collaboration and con­ enhanced. in a world that shares common act in the cause of human rights is a matter sultation with Congress and private organi­ freedoms, and in which prosperity and eco­ for informed . and careful judgment. No zations. We have taken steps to assure first nomic justice create the conditions for peace. mechanistic formula produces an automatic hand contact, consultation and observation And let us remember that we always risk answer. when members of Congress travel abroad to paying a serious price when we become iden­ It is not our purpose to intervene in the review human rights conditions. tified with repression. internal affairs of other countries, but as the We are implementing current laws that Nations, like individuals, limit their po­ President has emphasized, no member of the bring human rights considerations directly tential when they limit their goals. The United Nations can claim that violation of into our decisions in several international American people understand this. I am con­ internationally protected human rights is financial institutions. At the same time, we fident they will support foreign policies that solely its own affair. It is our purpose to are working with the Congress to find the reflect our traditional values. To offer less is shape our policies in accord with our beliefs, most effective way to fulfill our parallel com­ to define America in ways we should not and to state them without stridency or apol­ mitment to international cooperation in eco­ accept. ogy, when we think it is desirable to do so. nomic development. America fought for freedom in 1776 and Our policy is to be applied within our own society as well as abroad. We welcome con­ In accordance with human rights pro­ in two world wars. We have offered haven to structure criticism, at the same time as we visions of legislation governing our security the oppressed. Millions have come to our offer it. assistance programs, we recently announced shores in times of trouble. In time of devas­ No one should suppse that we are working cuts in military aid to several countries. tation abroad, we have shared our resources. in a vacuum. We place great weight on join­ Outside the government, there is much Our encouragement and inspiration to ing with others in the cause of human rights. that can be done. We welcome the efforts of other nations and other peoples have never The United Nations system is central to individual American citizens and private or­ been limited to the power of our mtlitary or this cooperative endeavor. That is why the ganizations-such as religious, humanitarian the bounty or our economy. They have been President stressed the pursuit of human and professional groups-to work for human lifted up by the message of our Revolution, rights in his speech before the General As­ rights with commitments of time, money, the message of individual human freedom. sembly last month. That is why he is calling and compassion. That message has been our great national for United States ratification of four impor­ All these initiatives to further human asset in times past. So it should be again. tant human rights covenants and conven­ rights abroad would have a hollow ring if we tions, and why we are trying to strengthen were not prepared to improve our own per­ the human rights machinery within the formance at home. So we have removed all United Nations. restrictions on our citizens' travel abroad, ARMS AND THE MAN-THE DRUMS And that is an important reason why we and are proceeding with plans to liberalize ARE BEATING AGAIN FOR THE have moved to comply with United Nations our visa policies. DRAFT sanctions against Rhodesia. In one of our We support legislation and administrative first acts, this Administration sought and action to expand our refugee and asylum achieved repeal of the Byrd Amendment, policies, and to permit more victims of re­ HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER which had placed us in violation of these pressive regimes to enter the United States. OF WISCONSIN sanctions and thus in violation of interna­ During this last year, the United States spent tional law. We are supporting other diplo­ some $475 million on assistance to refugees IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES matic efforts within the United Nations to around the world and we accepted 31,000 Monday, May 2, 1977 promote basic civil and political rights in refugees for permanent resettlement in this Namibia and throughout southern Africa. country. Mr. STEIGER. Mr. Speaker, James Regional organizations also play a central What results can we expect from all these Grant, in the April 25 Barron's, had a role in promoting human rights. The Pres­ efforts? superb editorial commentary on efforts ident has announced that the United States We may justifiably seek a rapid end to to return to the draft. His editorial, will sign and seek Senate approval of the such gross violations as those cited in our American Convention on Human Rights. We "Arms and The Man-The Drums Are law: "torture, or cruel, inhuman or degrading Beating Again for the Draft," discusses will continue to work to strengthen the ma­ treatment or punishment, or prolonged de­ chinery of the Inter-American Commission tention without charges ..." Just last week the arguments that have been raised in on Human Rights. This will include efforts our ambassador at the United Nations, An­ favor of a return to compulsory service to schedule regular visits to all members of drew Young, suggested a series of new ways and the arguments against it. the Organization of American States, an­ to confront the practice of torture around Grant pokes holes in a number of the nual debates on human rights conditions, the world. attempted justifications for a return to and the expansion of the Inter-American The promotion of other human rights is a conscription. He notes that military educational program on human rights. broader challenge: The results may be slower strength stands within 0.1 percent of au- May 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13203 thorized levels and that "the quality of Senate Armed Services Committee last that the volunteer army alone accounts for recruits has rarely been better than it is month, "there is reason to believe that (the rising black enlistments ignores fact. right now." Furthermore, he points out volunteer force) might become an untenable Not that it matters, or should matter; if that no more than 5 to 9 percent of the economic burden to the nation." "It bothers relatively more blacks than whites, choose to me," declared Senator Sam Nunn (D., Oa.), serve, then by all means let them serve. If Defense Department payroll can be laid whose manpower subcommittee sponsored Jones wants to enlist and Smith doesn't, the to the end of the draft and that a return Dr. King's research, " ... that if we continue New Republic says in effect, Jones mustn't to conscription would save only about this program we now have for a period of be b1.a.ck and poor. If he is, then conscript $3·50 million. As he says- 15 or 20 years, we are going to have a whole Smith, who is white, thereby saving Jones In Washington, that kind of money doesn't :segment of the wealthiest people of our na­ from himself. even make the papers. tion who have never served one day for their Neither is the point the "militarization" nation and never even felt inclined to." of American life, a threat seen in the ubiq­ The Grant commentary makes an ex­ Though no bills lately have been lntroduced uity of Army brochures and, indeed, in the cellent rebuttal to those who claim the to revive the draft, the drums are beating. very existence of a professional fighting force. Army is being too heavily populated by To be sure, the mitics have a small case. Under the draft, the military, then the blacks. Particular attention should be Attrition is far higher than expected-30% war--one so senselessly conceived and carried to of all enlisted men are leaving the service out that it could only have been waged with drawn the findings of Rand Corp. de­ before their hitch is up. Navy desertions are conscription-preoccupied a generation, fill­ fense manpower expert Richard Cooper running twice those of the Vietnam years. ing law schools and graduate programs with on the substantial improvement in black Reserve forces---Btandby and ready-have refugees. A new draft, critics say, would en­ test scores. While 12 percent of blacks fallen 230,000 below authorized strength. sure the representation of Uberal values placed in the top three mental cate­ There aren't enough physicians in uniform. within the military, yet 60% of the ranks gories in 1953, 40 to 45 percent do today. Conditions for a volunteer force, as Dr. King nowadays are fresh from Main Street. A pro­ Cooper rightly contends that the increase points out, may never be as favorable as they fessional officer class has always lived apart. of blacks in the mill tary is largely un­ were for its first four years. Ranks have been In the end, debate must turn on neither In thinned from more tha.n three million in money nor management nor race. The issue, related to the Volunteer Force. any 1968 to 2.1 today. Teenage unemployment is rather, is liberty, the right not to be dra­ case, I doubt even staunch Volunteer appallingly high. A decline in the birth rate gooned by the deadliest of lotteries, poked, Army opponents would suggest the will mean steadily fewer 18-year-olds to re­ processed and numbered, sworn to an oath United States should employ a quota sys­ cruit (just as it will in the Soviet Union). and set to learning the 96-count manual of tem and bar blacks from military service Once this is F:aid, however, critics find arms, all for freedom's sake. Conscription's if they are qualified. Such an action is themselves desperately Short of ammunition. more forthright friends own up to another abhorrent to our free society. The quality of recruits has rarely been better interest in this matter-the use of national This gets to the crux of the question of than it is right now. The proportion in the service in national management. bottom mental category, which averaged Blacks, after all, bore a disproportionate the draft versus a Volunteer Army. As 20% in the last 13 years of the draft, ranges burden under the draft. Wages were low, the Grant says, between 4% and 6% today. Despite a 3% uniform unfashionable. Whites, in far greater The issue, rather, is liberty, the right not enlistment shortfall through the six months relative numbers, found a way out. From the to be dragooned by the deadliest of lotteries, ended March 31, military strength stands early Fifties through the Seventies, according poked, processed and numbered, sworn to within 0.1% of authorized levels. Dire fore­ to Cooper, blacks in mental categories one an oath and set to learning the 96-oount casts to the contrary, American life seems no through three-the upper 70% of the pop­ manual of arms, a.ll for freedom's sake. more "militarized" for the d.raft's demise. ulation in measurable aptitude--have served And it is plainly less coercive. Blacks are vol­ in roughly twice the proportion of whites. James Grant's commentary is one of unteering in record numbers, but the trend, First gradually, then suddenly, however, the most thoughtful, if not the most widely deplored, strikes us as irrelevant. black test scores improved. Whereas 12% thoughtful, that I have seen on this de­ Critics contend that the cost of a volunteer placed In the top three categories in 1953. bate. I hope it will receive the most care­ army is breathtaking, but can do no better 40%-45% do so today. "Although the num­ ful consideration of all who read the than to lay $3-$5.6 billion of total manpower bers of blacks entering the military has in­ RECORD. His editorial follows: costs-5%-9% of the payroll-to the end of creased steadily during the Seventies," conscription. The least ambitious scheme for Cooper concludes, "the increase is largely un­ ARMS AND THE MAN-THE DRUMS ARE a universal national service would run in the related to the volunteer force ...." As to BEATING AGAIN FOR THE DRAFT neighborhood of $8 billion. Dr. King, who Senator Nunn's concern that rich men's sons (By James Grant) professes alarm at future costs, concedes may escape the sergeant's boot, Cooper ad­ On the evidence availa-ble, the only not­ that a return to the draft would save per­ duces surprising data. Based on an ingenious able event in the military career of Dwight haps $350 million, barring across-the-board study that correlates Zip Codes with enlist­ E. Stone was his induction at Oakland, Calif., pay cuts that might well speed the day of a ment patterns, he concludes that scions of on June 30, 1973. He took basic training at military union. In Washington, that kind the well-off (those not attending school) Fort Polk, La., an easy day's drive from his of money doesn't even make the papers. have volunteered at a rate almost exactly birthpla.ce in Gulfport, Miss. The record is Nor need costs be as high as they are. proportional to their numbers in the popula­ silent on whether Stone found close-order Civillan contractors, who perform mainte­ tion. Aims so to speak, and the Man. drill to his liking, or how he passed his days nance and support duties more efficiently "Through the deferment system," writes thereafter. He served successively at Fort than troops, could do a great deal more. Re­ Dr. King, "some people could not be chan­ Monmouth, N.J., Fort Jackson, S.C., and fi­ cruiting pressures could be eased by only neled Into skilll areas which were of critical nally, Fort Ritchie, Md., where he was mus­ slight loosening of physical standards--a need to the nation. Since no individual was tered out on Nov. 14, 1974. Stone's disch-arge 10% extension of maximum and minimium coerced to change his occupational choice, was not dishonorable, the Army reports, weight limits, according to Martin Binkin of such procedures may be considered to be which, under the law, is all that it can say the Brookings Institution, would yield 5% motivational planning and management on the subject. As to Stone's induction, the more recruits. The military's reliance on tools lost under the (all-volunteer army)." Army offers no explanation at all. Dwight E. first-term youth, who make up 60% of the To Senator Sam Nunn, even a "minimally Stone, 24 years old and a free man, was up­ armed forces, causes unnecessarily high re­ coercive" draft would require 18-year olds rooted from home and livelihood to serve as cruiting and training costs. Some $2 billlon to register and sit through "an orienta­ his nation, not then being under arms, saw could be saved according to Richard Cooper, tion program," designed to stir up interest fit. It may be sca.nt consolation to Stone, ana.Iyst with Rand Corp., if an even balance in some form of national service. "I need but he ha-ppens to be the last man treated of youth and experience were struck. three volunteers," cynical sergeants have in this way. Some 800,000 soldiers, 555,000 But opponents have more on 1fueir minds barked since time immemorial, "you, you sailors, 585 airmen and 192,000 marines, vol­ than the foibles of management. Since 1964, and you." In Washington nowadays civilian unteers all, serve today solely because they black enlisted men have risen from 10% to voices are echoing the threat. so choose. 17% of overall strength; they have doubled Yet, the draft, a burden now four years as a percentage of Army ranks, from 12% dead and buried, is by no means unmourned. to 24%. To the New Republic, at least, the PROTECTION FOR MOTHERHOOD "The real fiaw," charged The New Republic trend is ominous. Presumably, the maga­ in a recent editoll'ial, "is that the volunteer zine comments, "these 'volunteers' are the army isn't volunteer at all, but to an in­ desperate unemployed who could find no HON. RONALD A. SARASIN creasing degree, mercenary." W1111am R. King, other work, but felt they had to have a OF CONNECTICUT professor of business administration at the career of some kind." The premise--that only desperation could drive young men and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES University of Pittsburgh, warns of stUl women do job training, free food, housing, Monday, May 2, 1977 higher manpower costs, which already con­ medical and dental care, $374 a monifu in stitute some 60% of the defense budget, and cash, liberal retirement benefits and the Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, once an ever-shrinking pool of recruits. "In the genuine adventure of military life--is both again we are being asked to seriously future," he said in testimony before the patronizing and dubious. The implication consider establishing another bureau- 13204 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 2, 1977 cratic albatross, the Consumer Protec­ f.or federal employees in two different de­ I want to say that I agree basically (with tion Agency. I remember the President partments wl.ith two sets of opinions, for President Carter) that we must make a requesting that we aid him in stream­ court staffs to evaluate them, and for the major effort to conserve energy and to im­ extra expense imposed on industry. The $25 prove energy use efficiency. lining the present system-to help him million cost estimate by Sen. Percy Is the tip But we can't save enough through con­ make it more efficient. Somehow, I think of the iceberg. servation to make up for the expected short­ this is not quite the approach we should Look at the controversy over saccharin. fall in oil and gas production in the years be taking to meet that end. Perhaps if The pend.ing prohibition is supposed to be in ahead ... I think we must increase our use we were to examine the efficiency and the interest of consumers. But the con­ of coal, we must drill offshore for gas and effectiveness of existing consumer agen­ sumers of this nation won't abide by the de­ oil, we must encourage new methods of re­ cies, the need for reorganization, not cision and have told their congressmen so covering a greater percentage of oil and gas addition, would be apparent. Would it in no uncertain terms. Even Cancer Society from old reserves, we must develop solar not be better to improve our present Gov­ authorities question the merits of the re­ power, we must expand our nuclear power strictions. industry. ernment units for consumer protection­ Yes, oppOSiing consumers p·rotection is like Unfortunately the President made a policy to try to control and possibly even reduce opposing motherhood. But medical experts announcement, two weeks before he un­ the unacceptably high level of duplica­ will agree that there are times when mother­ veiled his energy recommendations, that re­ tion and inconsistency in the existing hood can be harmful to health. duces the potential energy output of our maze of regulations? The Consumer Protection Agency backed nuclear power industry. The decision, re­ We already have an Office of Consumer by Ribiooff and others will cost consumers vealed as part of a program intended to dis­ Affairs, headed by a Special Assistant to more than they will save-if they save any­ courage the proliferation of nuclear weapons thing. throguhout the world, postpones indefinitely the President. In addition to that Office, the commercial reprocessing of nuclear fuel there are numerous consumer represent­ in the U.S. Subsequently, in his message to atives functioning throughout the Gov­ ENERGY CROSSROADS Congress last week. President Carter said ernment. It is this duplication and waste the United States will defer indefinitely in Government that is such a burden to commercial reprocessing and recycling of our taxpayers. Let us protect the con­ spent fuels produced in U.S. civilian nuclear sumer from another agency. HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS power plants. I think a recent editorial in the Water­ OF IDAHO That, of course, affects America's proposed bury Sunday Republican is an excellent IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES energy policy in an important way. It also affects Allied Chemical very directly. For the statement on this issue, and would like Monday, May 2, 1977 last seven years we have been building, in to have the text of that article inserted Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, the United partnership with the General Atomic Com­ in the RECORD at this point: States today is at an energy crossroads. pany, which Is jointly owned by Royal Dutch PROTECTION FOR MOTHERHOOD We have the highest technology in the Shell and Gulf 011, a plant at Barnwell, Voicing support for the consumers of world, the highest standard of living, South Carolina, to reprocess and recycle America is akin to speaking out in defense of and a number of excellent options avail­ spent nuclear fuel. motherhood. The~"efore U.S. Sen. Abraham A. Let me tell you how we got involved in the Ribicoff and others have no compunction able to develop energy supplies which reprocessing business. about hailing the proposed Consumer Pro­ would give us a rising standard of living Our first participation in the nuclear fuel tection Agency. He and others are almost for hundreds of years into the future. cycle dates back to 1955, at the time of the daring opponents to admit they are "anti­ Unfortunately, an attitude of fear, ig­ beginning of America's program which Presi­ consumer." norance and superstition similar to that dent Eisenhower called Atoins for Peace. The The proposal will permit Ralph Nader to of the Middle Ages is sweeping the coun­ Atomic Energy Commission asked for bids to dust off his slightly tarnished armor and try. We still cannot understand why they convert its supplies of uranium ore concen­ sally forth again as the protector of the arrested Galileo for saying the world was trate into uranium hexafluoride, a process innocent consumer. which Is a necessary step in the manufacture round or opposed the voyage of Colum­ of nuclear fuel. Allied Chemical made the Neit her Ri.bicoff nor Nader nor the others bus on the grounds that he would sail his who favor the creation of the new bureauc­ successful bid and subsequently built a plant racy predict the cost to the consumer. Sen. ships and crew over the edge of the world. at Metropolis, Illinois, to do the conversion Charles Percy, Illinois Republican, has esti­ We still do not fully understand why the work. We are operating that plant today, pro­ mated the cost at $15 million the first year, peasants and the people of the Middle ducing UF6 that goes into the manufacture $20 million the second and $25 million the Ages remained in darkness and poverty of fuel rods for the nation's nuclear generat­ third. Wanna bet! for so long. ing stations. It's a profitable operation. If Ribicoff and the others would be honest However, maybe now it will be easier Because of the experience gained in ura­ with the public, then his bill could be as­ to understand because we are not be­ nium and fluorine technology at Metropolis, sessed more fairly. But he ignores the count­ Allied Chemical responded when the govern­ ginning to experience the same kind of ment began to encourage private industry to less gov~rn~ental agencies--rome estimates problem which caused the ignorance and exceed 400-presently operating programs enter the fuel reprocessing field. It was a designed to benefit consumers. There are poverty of the Middle Ages. Only this logical move for Allied Chemical, since re­ more than 1,000 different consumer-oriented time, the "superstitions" and fear involve processing of nuclear fuel is basically a chem­ programs at present. nuclear energy. ical operation. In 1966 Allied Chemical, in Whom does OSHA protect, if not con­ In my opinion, the failure to use and partnership with Aerojet General Corpora­ sumers? Was the FedeT'al Drug Administra­ develop nuclear power will spell the end tion, entered into a contract to manage and tion created to protect drug manufacturers? of Western civilization. While certain en­ operate the A.E.C.'s nuclear test reactors and What about the Federal Communications ergy sources such as solar, wind, and chemical reprocessing fac111ties at the Na­ Commission, the enforcers of a:nti-trust laws, geothermal will certainly assist in solv­ tional Reactor Testing Station near Idaho the Food and Drug Administrart;lon, the Em­ Falls, Idaho. Of course we gained valuable ing our future energy needs, they can experience in nuclear technology from this ployment Standards Administration, and the never be enough .to maintain a high level host of other alpha,betical units with staffs operation. Incidentally, Allied Chemical is to­ paid for by taxpayers? of civilization when the fossil fuels are day the sole operator of this fac111ty, now Let's not deceive the public into thinking depleted. Conservation is good and called the Idaho National Engineering Lab­ tha,t every one of the existing governmental should be encouraged; however, con­ ortary, under contract to the Energy Research agencies was Cll'eated merely to protect the servation does not mean that our fossil and Development Administration. industry and to oppress the consumer. fuels will last forever, it simply means In the meantime, the A.E.C. continued to encourage private industry to enter this field There is alre!lidy fighting among agendas that they will last a little longer. with some, for example, proposing that more The following item appeared in the with its own plants. It did so in various coal be used to reduce oil imports and others ways-through public statements, by making Washington Post on April 29, 1977, and reprocessing technology available and by prohibitdng the use of coal to avoid air pol­ deserves thoughtful consideration: lution. adoption of a formal policy statement. As Just imagine what will happen when the TO THE STOCKHOLDERS OF ALLIED CHEMI­ early as 1962, during the Kennedy Adminis­ Consumer Protection Agency starts fighting CAL: CAN WE DISCARD AN ENERGY SOURCE tration, the A.E.C. testified before the Joint EQUAL TO 300 MILLION BARRELS OF OIL? witb consumer protection bureauc:rats al­ Committee on Atomic Energy that it con­ ready on other agency payrolls. The end re­ (The following is excerpted from the re- sidered privately owned nuclear fuel re­ sult will be court cases which will negate all marks of Chairman John T. Connor at the processing fac111ties an important factor for progress because the courts today are not Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Allied a self-sufficient nuclear power industry. In noted for speedy decisions. Chemical in Morris Township, New Jersey, 1967, during the Johnson' administration, the Meanwhlle the consumers wm pay the bill on April 25, 1977:) · A.E.C. issued a policy statement which said, May 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13205

"the A.E.C. expects chemical reprocessing when they are developed, but that is a sepa­ Is THIS THE END OF THE WoRLD'S GOLDEN services to be contracted for between reactor rate issue for future determination. AGE? operators and commercial fuel reprocessors We believe the best way to prevent weap­ (By Theodore A. Wertime) without involvement of the A.E.C." ons proliferation is to discourage the growth It is no easier for a civilization to accept It was in this atmosphere, and in the belie! of numerous small national recycling plants the facts of its aging than for a. man or that reprocessing offered a good business op­ by concentrating reprocessing in a few large, woman to do so for themselves. History 1s portunity, that Allied Chemical applied for secure centers operated under international littered with the corpses of societies that a permit, on November 7, 1968, to build a control, perhaps under the International failed to read the true portents of their reprocessing facility. Two years later, on De­ Atomic Energy Agency. The fact is that the threshold moment-that point a.t which the cember 18, 1970, we were granted a construc­ United States cannot wish plutonium out of bell curve of exponential growth, prosperity tion permit by the A.E.C. to build a re­ existence. Plutonium is now being produced and rising life expectancies began to turn processing plant, and work got under way at every day in the existing light water nuclear downward toward decline. Barnwell the following month. reactors in many countries all over the world. Despite the autopsies conducted by 20th We and our partners. worked closely with The real question is, what do the public Century minds ranging from Oswald Spengler government nuclear safety experts, revising utilities do with the plutonium and un­ to Lewis Mumford, many people continue to our plans many times to incorporate new burned uranium in their spent fuel rods? believe that technology will inevitably rescue and more elaborate safeguards required by Barnwell offers a sound opportunity to our own civilization in any pinch. And yet, the government at great cost. At all times work out safe controls in the use of plu­ a bare 30 years after Henry Luce's proclaimed we cooperated closely with the government, tonium. We have proposed that the govern­ "American Century," we accept a.s normal whose position continued to be clearly in ment put it to work as a demonstration or the gross and permanent depletion of our favor of the development of a privately op­ evaluation center. oil and natural gas, diminished research In erated nuclear industry. If Barnwell goes unused, our government agriculture, an unemployable body of baby Despite the increasing anti-nuclear propa­ boomers, inner cities in decay, a government ganda mounted by special-interest groups wlll lose the opportunity it now has to per­ suade other nations that the number of re­ lost in well-meant paper costing perhaps in the last couple of years, we have continued processing plants in the world should be $100 billion a. year, contingent national gov­ our financial support to permit completion ernmental commitments of $6.4 trillion, edu­ of the Barnwell facilities as originally limited and controlled. In short, the United States may lose forever the chance to par­ cation grasping for a purpose. planned. In 1977, Allied Chemical's share of Our crisis is not simply that of energy. It capital expenditures and current expenses ticipate in establishing effective interna­ tional safeguards. And the United States is one of self-indulgence on a. gigantic scale. will be about $11 million, and our total in­ To the historian, we seem to have com­ vestment in fac111ties to date is $105 million. may also lose forever an opportunity to lead the world toward safe handling and disposal pressed the final 400 years of the New King­ Today, portions of the plant are complete dom of Egypt and the final 200 years of Im­ and almost ready for use. But we do not have of radioactive wastes from commercial nu­ clear reactors. perial Rome into the last decades of the 20th an operating license because of unduly pro­ Century. We cannot credit technology as tracted licensing hearings, continuing shifts JOHN T. CONNOR, Chairman, Allied Chemical. being our villain or our savior. The touch­ in government policy and a court decision stone of a healthy civilization has always which has barred interim licensing until a been its capacity to govern itself: to identi­ generic environmental hearing, also greatly fy problems and to keep ahead af them by delayed, is completed. The matter of interim FOOD AND POPULATION: VIII managing its technologies as well as its in­ licensing is before the United States Su­ stitutions. preme Court for review. But, with the Presi­ dent's recent statement on proliferation, the The verdict that we are in trouble comes administration has taken a position that is HON. FREDERICK W. RICHMOND from four phenomena largely but not en­ the exact opposite of the government's long­ OF NEW YORK tirely peculiwr to the present situation: standing position on reprocessing. Whereas IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1. The fact of convergence, that nearly all the government once actively sought to in­ problems--energy, government costs, trade, duce companies to enter the reprocessing Monday, May 2, 1977 productivity, inflation, unemployment, in­ field, the administration is now publicly dis­ Mr. RICHMOND. Mr. Speaker, in the ternational relations, demography, weather couraging the idea of permitting the utilities and even geophysics-are ever more intercon­ April 24 edition of the Washington Post, nected and mutually reinforcing. It is not to have their fuel recycled. an article entitled "Is This the End of Allied Chemical and its stockholders are simply that a failure of crops in the Sahel, paying a heavy price for the government's the World's Golden Age?" appeared writ­ the Soviet Union ar the United States has failure to support a program it induced. We ten by Theodore A. Wertime. world repercussions. Such failures place a may have to pay an even heavier price, but This article is excellent. In vivid colors, progressively greater strain on the structure we are working hard to try to make clear Mr. Wertime, an archeologist and lec­ of all institutions: prices, energy, banking, to the government's energy policy formu­ turer, paints the history of this century, credit and governance. One can see this con­ lators the unique asset that Barnwell vergence in a. physical way in the saturation identifying the growth in world popula­ of people and cars in such cities as Cairo. represents. tion-resulting in a rapidly rising de­ Reprocessing is important to our energy Rio or Bangkok, or in the declining nutri­ supply because it enables the ut111ties to get mand for energy, food, housing, Govern­ tion of such countries as Indonesia as they 50 percent more electricity out of every ment services, and machines-as the pri­ have abandoned dependence on their own pound of uranium. In full operation, Barn­ mary tragedy of our time. agriculture and come to import food from well would recover and recycle the energy The consequences of instability in our the United States. equivalent of one million barrels of oil every political and institutional arrangements, 2. The rapidity of world growth over the operating day-some 300 million barrels a and of the rapid convergence of nearly past 30 years in men, machines, energy con­ year. Even at the modest price of $10 a sumption, demand for food and the service barrel, that would be the equivalent of $3 all these problems are the twin dangers sector of government, amounting before 1970 billion a year in imported oil. In light of of our time. Coupled with what Mr. Wer­ to a doubling in most categories in about 15 President Carter's call for a strong, manda­ time identifies as the other tragedies of years. The growth curve is really a bell curve. tory energy conservation program and the this "Golden Age"-the failure of the which can move downward along the same elimination of wasteful practices in the use developing nations to alleviate their trajectory as that along which it rose: that of all forms of energy it is inconceivable to poverty and the wastefulness of the amu­ is, unless constantly new input of tech­ me that the government will direct this ent countries-population growth is nology, capital or cheap materials are in­ country to throw away the productive use heading mankind toward a disaster per­ jected into it. The most menacing fact ls the of the energy equivalent of 300 million bar­ probable exhaustion of world reserves of rels of oil a year. Is that a sound conserva­ haps far more serious than nuclear war. petroleum and natural gas by the year 2025. tion policy? The President of the World Bank, Robert however many new superbasins are found. This huge contribution to energy supply McNamara, in an address of April 28, 3. The instability of political arrange­ is the reason other countries, especially 1977, said that- ments, particularly when competition for those which don't have our domestic energy In many ways, rampant population growth ever scarcer resources takes place. The resources, will resist a U.S. attempt to dis­ is an even more dangerous and subtle threat United States functions in a web of interna­ courage reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel in to the world than thermonuclear war, for it tional understandings, any single strand of the existing and future light water nuclear is intrinsically less subject to rational safe­ which is essential to the whole. We depend reactors. Fourteen other nations already guards, and less amenable to organized con­ today no less, and possibly more, on the oil have some reprocessing capabllity and most trol. resources of desert Saudi Arabia than on have indicated their determination to use it the contributions to NATO and Western de­ for light water nuclear reactor fuel. Some of The article by Mr. Wertime is timely fense of industrialized West Germany. In them can and apparently will go on to use and necessary and I urge my colleagues reverse fashion, our role as generator of the extracted plutonium in breeder reactors to examine it carefully : capital or as consumer has incalculable ef- 13206 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 2, 1977 fects on countries as remote from each other classical Greece, the Hebrew kingdom and death than does nuclear power. This is an­ as Iceland and Korea. the Etrl,lScans emeTged after half a millen­ other way of saying that the uncalculated 4. The tendency of technologies to live a nium. risks of dying in coal mine cave-ins or from life of their own, true in all eras but es­ Thirteen hundred and fifty years later, the miner's lung or from sulphur dioxide or car­ pecially ours. The automobile has become whole Mediterranean, governed by Rome, ex­ bon dioxide in the atmosphere are not leSt!. the sorcerer's apprentice of our society, con­ perienced a similar demographic bloodlet­ and are probably larger per capita, than the suming our precious petroleum at will and ting. Edward Gibbon tells us that from A.D. calculated risks from the processing and use setting itself up as the bellwether of eco­ 250 to 265 the plague raged in every province of uranium in modern reactors. nomic prosperity. and city of the Empire, at one stretch killing What was significant about the study was How fragile or durable, then, is the fabric off 5,000 persons a day in Rome. The anteced­ the price that we pay for all modern sources of our particular future? How does one dem­ ents were many: drought, war, misgovern­ of energy (as well as certain traditional onstrate that, unless we move drastically and ment, rapine, famine and interruption of ones). Like driving an automobile, conven­ with great speed to apply a new ethic of trade. When it was finished, half of the popu­ tional sources of energy are treated uncriti­ extracting less from nature, but with more lation of the Roman Empire was gone and cally as burdens on human ingenuity and equitable distribution and a technology to cities like Alexandria were shells of their survival. Nuclear energy happens to stand match, we too can go the way of the Hittites former selves. out because of what Alvin Weinberg, former and the Romans? director of the Oak Ridge atomic laboratory, CHANGE IN THE WIND characterizes as "our Faustian bargain," the A BRIEF GOLDEN AGE One's sense of imminent shock in Ameri­ vigilance required for nuclear wastes over There is a paradox here. The mid-20th can and world history traces itself to the thousands of years (and, one might add, be­ Century, with all its frailities, was possibly crisis in gold in 1970, the run on the dollar cause of the question of who has access to the Golden Age of History. With Hitler and in 1971 and Nixon's New Economic Policy, plutonium in an age of nuclear prolifera­ Stalin laid to rest, longevity rising every­ the Arab oil embargo of 1973 leading to the tion). where in the world, movements afoot to tripling of prices of petroleum and doubling Ozone and nuclear power are two threats bring political self-determination to all na­ of prices of electricity, the cold winter of to the stability and administration of con­ tions, treaties to govern the Antarctic and 1977 and the American-Chinese droughts of temporary civilization that come under rea­ outer space on the books, such limited mani­ 1977. These are events not only in the news­ sonably constant scientific scrutiny. But festations of cold war as Korea and Vietnam worthy sense of the world, but markers of a what about the broader web of society and could even conceivably be excused. Man world and American society on a road of politics? One can choose mutually impinging could strive for a wider variety of accom­ rapid retreat from growth, into a retrench­ events almost at random from the daily plishments, and with greater freedom of ment that is still hard to fathom, and with paper and again demonstrating a geometri­ movement than ever before in history. Me­ a much greater awareness of the vicissitudes cally mounting feedback: chanical slaves capable of doing the d1rtiest of nature. Riots against President Sadat's regime in work, from automobiles, bulldozers and tele­ The demographic accompaniments of this Egypt because of administered rises in prices. phones to computers, brought hope of sur­ period have been charted for us by Lester Announcements that American military cease to laborers everywhere. They were able Brown in a Worldwatch Institute paper on pensions now take $9 billion out of the mili­ to do so because of cheap energy. population trends and by a Population Ref­ tary budget as contrasted with $1.2 billion in Despite the era's imperfections, in no other erence Bureau paper on "Rural Renaissance the early 1960s. age of history has individual lives been more in America." Brown's paper tens us that world The renewed threat of default by the city precious, hope more widely spread about, population growth peaked about 1970 and, of New York in its wages and salaries, a morality more internationally prevailing. despite certain dramatic exceptions such as threat terminated only when, as one finan­ The tragedies of this Golden Age were Egypt, began to decline in the face of growing cier put it, the city hocked even "its kitchen three. hunger. The Population Reference Bureau stoves." 1. The overgrowth of populations of ma­ indicates that in 1970 Americans began to A concern that Washington Metro would chines in the developed countries and of beat a retreat from urbanism and growth. default on its bonds. men in the developing countries. They gave birth to fewer babies and migrated Each of these seems to have been an iso­ not only to the South and West but from lated strand in American and international 2. The consequent failure of the develop­ cities to all rural areas. life until one looks at the cumulative web, ing countries to catch up in any ways in showing that each issue raises mounting lev­ standard of living and access to resources. The anticipatory shudders of great change 1n the wind do not come solely from the ies on the credit of the United States, wheth­ 3. The wastefulness of. the affluent coun­ demographic breezes blowing, but from the er private ·or public. tries, led by the United States helping to appearance of convergence in nearly all One must recall that just a year ago two cause gross inflation on a world scale. events. of the big six banks of New York City were Thus, by the early 1970s, the world's great­ Let us look with a historian's eye at con­ placed on the Federal Reserve watch list for est experiment in prosperity and equalization temporary examples of the accumulating ove.rextension of credits to the developing came to an end. World wealth would be paralysis of planning and administration of countries. As energy costs rose, the poorer transferred again and again by the rise in modern life owing to convergence. Even nat­ countries were going into hock for some $40 tin prices in 1973, in petroleum prices in ural events, thought in the mid-19th Century billion each YeM for deficit financing; Amer­ 1973, in coffee prices in 1977, to name a few to be under human management, are rein­ ican schools, cities and counties were also examples. But simple finiteness precluded truding into the modern calculus in much feeling the strain of mounting energy costs. that ever again would society be able to ex­ the manner that they encroached upon the Given our technology, American credit is perience the quantum extensions of personal ci·ties of Sumer or Egypt 5,000 years ago, seemingly limitless, until one estimates, as well-being of the 20th Century. One could when those cities began to worry about their did Jack Anderson recently, that the total mention a host of names and achievements, supplies of food and materials. of American obligations is now some $6.4 but high on the list would be Thomas Edison Today we use our sophisticated technolo­ trillion, wrapped up in Social Security, veter­ and the practical applications of inventive­ gies to fathom future weather for its e.ffect ans' payments, welfare and the like. It is ness; Henry Ford and mass production; Alex­ upon our delicately balanced food equation. a contingent debt, the calling of even a part ander Fleming, penicillin and the dramatic We also keep an eye on such rare phenomena of which would imperil the total fabric of drop in death rates. Any great adaptations as the ozone layer, the buffer for living things American finance. of technology in the future-and certainly against cancer-producing ultraviolet rays. AMPUTATING THE EARTH'S WINGS the necessities of the moment will force us During the past two months, the ozone layer into gigantic technical adaptations of every­ Scale, magnitude, a very slippery balance has "heated up" again as an item of news of forces. A U.S. government with an esti­ thing from recombinant genes to solar and owing to impingements from three techno­ fusion energy-will go toward keeping the mated $6.4 trilllon in contingent commit­ logic forces. They are as far removed from ments. Military pensions at $9 billion ·a year. world from a major decline rather than to­ each other as the Concorde SST, the aerosol ward world expansion. A drought over 60 per cent of the United can and the newest defined menace-the States that could dwarf our capacity for dis­ This, by the way, is not the first example Widespread use of nitrogen fertilizers in agri­ of growth curves cut off in full bloom. By all aster relief. Instab111ty in Egypt and other culture. Fourth World countries. Endemic water prob­ accounts the toppling of the civilizations of Equally convergent and soci·ally more ur­ the Minoans, Mycenaeans, Hittites and lems that blanket the West and that assure gent is the subject of energy. A new study of that even geologic water is now being irre­ Pharaonic New Kingdom of Egypt around the dangers of nuclear power, prepared by 1100 B.C. rudely chopped off one of the most parably exhausted. American imports of pe­ three scientists of Clark University in Wor­ troleum at $40 billion per year. An atmos­ blossoming graphs of expansion in mankind cester, Mass., takes the most critical stand and economic production in all history. It led phere threatened by coal, Concordes, aerosol possible toward nuclear plants, now a fading cans and nitrogen fertilizers. Convergence to the first great Dark Ages in recorded Medi­ energy resource for the United States. But its terranean events. Some historians credit on a scale perhaps unknown in history; but findings, not unexpectedly, are full of ironies. in form not unlike the convergence upon drought for the debacle, others the move-: Not least is the fact that, weighed against ment of sea peoples. Minoan Crete may have the Egypt of Ramses XI at the end of the the total spectrum of occupational hazards, New Kingdom, or the Rome of Diocletlan in been done in by the eruption of the volcano population hazards, environmental degrada­ the closing days of the 3d Century A.D. of Santorini. But prosperity returned only tion and catastrophic hazards, both coa.I and One aspect of the converging famines in when entirely new iron age societies such as hydroelectric power offer higher risks of energy comes down to us directly from the May 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13207 era of the Ra.meside pharoahs: deforestation the new era must be an industrial revolution quires 80 gallons of gasoline to grow and get of the earth's surface. First recorded when that looks to other sources of energy than to market.) Cheap energy has been the iron and glass became dominant materials fossil fuels. We may have to buy time with foundation of all our productive technolo­ in the Mediterranean about 1100 B.C., it led unpalatable high technologies such as nu­ gies. The threat of destructive feedback to the erosion of the Greek islands and the clear reactors, consolidated into nuclear dwarfs that of any other material shortage spreading desert in North Africa and the parks in geologically stable areas such as in recorded history. Middle East. Minnesota. But energy-conserving low tech­ The specifics of Carter's energy program Blame fire-using man rather than t he goat nologies can help. New modes of building and are not the issue here. But, as in the 18th for the world's first two crises in energy. One, insulating houses, small-scale production of Century, we have our choices. We can launch just noted, encouraged the Romans to or­ food and fiber by householders, waste and a quiet, disciplined national effort to deal ganize a metal-yielding imperium in forested water conservancy by individuals and com­ with the basic challenges boldly-and with Europe. The second, some 18 centuries later, munities, education and management the help of new technologies--but within forced the wood-short countries of western through electronic systems, are all on the the framework of our institutions, carrying Europe, led by England, to organize an In­ horizon of what are today called "appropri­ out a benevolent, peaceful revolution rival­ dustrial Revolution based upon coal and ate technologies." ing those of William Pitt the Younger or steam. A plethora of new devices is waiting in the Franklin D. Roosevelt. Alternatively, we wUl But the deforestation of the world has not wings to take over as the engine of fossil have to utllize ever tougher polltical con­ stopped and, by conservative estimates, goes fuels and contemporary materials runs down. trols to administer ever scarcer resources on at the rate of 14 acres a minute. The inventiveness of San Francisco residents and to restructure a society unaccustomed to The facts are set forth in Erik P. Eckholm's in building means to recycle scarce water privation. Failure to do one or the other "Losing Ground," a 1976 study of world bio­ within their homes is but one example. will lead to the rapid obsolescence of our logic environments. No one can browse cas­ If new technologies are in the wings, wait­ society or to civil strife or both. ually in these denuded terrains, any more Ing also is political change of a vast order, than one can be lighthearted about Ama­ mainly toward a more authoritarian order, zonia. To watch the erosion of the Black Sea superimposed over a more diversified society. PROTECTING CONSUMERS coast as forests of beech disappear; to join Given our energy and other pressing prob­ an energy team in briefings in India or In­ lems, the year 1980 is probably the cutoff donesia or the rapine of the slopes of the date for serious progress toward a more con­ HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE Himalayas or of Kalimantan; to hear Afri­ servationist and productive technical . so­ OF TEXAS cans describe their personal search for char­ ciety-one geared to more widespread output coal; or to see the shipments of charcoal by more persons in smaller units. After that, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES leaving Somaliland for the Persian Gulf is events will become less and less amenable Monday, May 2, 1977 to see disaster con verging from all sides. to socio-technical persuasion and will require Earth is indeed a spaceship and we are cut­ ever larger applications of political force. Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, under ting off its wings. Thresholds do not wait, especially those leave to extend my remarks in the If the 1940s to the 1970s were a Hellenistic timed to exponential changes in resources. RECORD, I wish to include two editorials Golden Age (with merely the first symptoms King Hubbert of the U.S. Geological Survey which appeared in both the Dallas Morn­ of decadence and malaise) , how much in the reminded us during the 1960s that American ing News and the Dallas Times Herald non-affiuent '70s can we be said to have de­ reserves of petroleum and natural gas would with respect to Mr. Carter's suggestion clined? The answer is not easy to give, simply be consumed along a gaussian or bell curve. because a great deal of our affiuence was for the creation of an "Agency for Con­ And consumed along such a curve they were, sumer Advocacy." It seems to me that waste. starting to run out in 1970 when he said Our input into basic research has dropped they would. The threshold of the society as the creation of such an agency would by 40 per cent since the 1960s. Then again, a a whole is no more forgiving than that of just be adding an additional burden to great majority of such research was spawned the resources upon which it is based. That the taxpayers of this country: mainly for defense and for the space effort. society which rises exponetlally falls by the [From the Dallas Morning News] In a recent article the conservative same geometrism-unless it is adapted to economist Milton Friedman reminded us that SUCH A NERVE new organization as well as to new tech­ To contemplate the frustration of those the federal government now disposes of 40 nologies. per cent of America's gross national prod­ who style themselves "consumer activists'' is For convergence is not simply complexity to enjoy a kind of perverse satisfaction. uct. It is a figure which, as Friedman notes, and interdependence in an ever more tech­ puts us dangerously close to Chile and Seven years have the consumerists labored nologic planet. It is the multiplyingly to bring forth a federal Consumer Protec­ Britain on the road to authoritarianism. deleterious feedback of institutions sub­ A related symptom of decline has been our tion Agency, and there is not, we rejoice to jected to ever more overlapping impinge­ say, such an agency yet in existence. slowing growth in productivity, observed in ments from malevolent forces. It belongs to 1974-1975 by economists Charles Kindleber­ The problem is that we may have one by an era of leveling of geometric growth, satu­ the end of the year. ger and Robert Gilpin. During the 1960s and ration of frontiers by men, animals and '70s we no longer were a technologically Where his two predecessors were loathe to machines, mercantile competition for the give a Consumer Protection Agency sweep­ creative society; like England, we had become pie of resources, autonomous technologies more interested in consumption than pro­ ing powers to "speak for" consumers, Jimmy that defy control. Carter is heartily in favor of the notion. The duction. The failure to act defensively on any But it does not have to happen in this major energy front in the three years since agency he proposes to create would be called way. The most outstanding exception to the the Agency for Consumer Advocacy, but the the Arab embargo of 1973-1974 is not simply bell curve may be the moment of the birth a symptom of Watergate, but a symptom of distinction between it and the Consumer of these United States In the late 18th Protection Agency would likely prove a fine a federalized leadership incapable-at least Century, which saw the convergence of at until now-of setting priorities on even the one. "Advocates" always see themselves as least four revolutionary movements. protectors anyway. most basic needs. But the same can be said Richard G. Wilkinson in his recent "Pov­ of warnings by such climatologists as Reid Protectors of whom? Of all of us--rich, erty and Progress" expressed the view that, poor, smart, dumb, old, young, white, black. Bryson that the termination of the golden under the pressure of population growth, years of weather of the mid-20th Century To the consumer activists we are all "con­ exhaustion of forests, land shortage and sumers." We all think alike. We have the required us to think of stockpiling food and medieval inhibitions, 18th Century Europe same interests. conserving water on a large scale. had about run out Its string. This is of course the most impudent kind FACING ALTERNATIVES What saved it was not simply the safety of nonsense, but it is the orthodoxy of the In a threshold moment, weakness becomes valve of migration to the American and consumer advocacy movement. It is the strength if-and only if-it galvanizes a Russian frontiers, but the opening of the orthodoxy that the massively Democratic society to rapid innovation. The innovation, new horizons of the Industrial and Scien­ Congress may be expected to engrave on tab­ one must hasten to add, must fit within the tific Revolutions. The two choices of the lets of stone once it gets around to acting old institutional frame of the society; day were expressed by that which happened on Carter's proposal. methane, hydrogen, liquefied or gasified coal, in 1789 in an England shorn of its American What makes this sort of thinking non­ or electric energy for a society geared to fluid colonies and in a France still ridden with sensical? Let us dwell on just one example-­ energy; a new federalism--strong regional medieval institutions. The British choice energy prices. governments capable of tackling problems in was a peaceful institutional and technologic Consumerist-or, if you prefer, Naderite-­ terms of logic economic units, not arbitrary passage through the threshold, called "In­ orthodoxy holds that the lowest prices are state borders-for a society geared to an old dustrial Revolution." The French choice was the best prices. You see consumerists there­ federalism. But innovation, not revolution. a violent political attack upon the threshold, fore crusading against rate increases tol' Total revolutions which tear down the old called "French Revolution." utiUties and lobbying against deregulation walls of society are almost always counter­ Jimmy Carter has not overstated the con­ of natural gas prices. Viscerally, many of us productive. temporary challenge. Modern society rides want to cheer them on, the prospect of Despite the objections of environmental­ largely upon fossil fuels. (In an era with­ higher, even higher, prices being no pretty ists to technologic fixes, one ingredient of out horses, an acre of American corn re- one. 13208 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 2, 1977 But then arises the question: Where is the head the consumer agency. The legislation the Saor Eire terrorist group in Northern realistic alternative to price increases? The does not define consumer interests nor pro­ Ireland, but with other terrorist and pro­ utilities must cover their costs, and so they vide any pll'edictability as to the govern­ terrorist Irish revolutionary factions. must raise their rates. The natural gas pro­ ment's attitude when different groups of ducers need the spur of higher prices to get "consumers" have conflicting interests. The Socialist Workers Party is the them looking for and producing new sup­ President Carter's special message to Con­ U.S. section of the Fourth International. plies of natural gas. Is this not plain to us gress also urged legislation giving citizens In the FI debates, the SWP and the by now? For 23 years interstate natural gas more of a right to sue the government, mme Lennist-Trotskyist faction-LTF-it prices have been regula ted at a rate too low chances to file class action suits and more heads argue that terror may not be a to encourage long-term replacement of sup­ help in making their views known to federal useful tactic at this time, but that it plies. In consequence, we are running out of agencies and in court suits. The measures he may become useful under future con­ natural gas. recommends, the President said, will "en­ ditions. Besides affording economic incentives, hance the consumer's influence within the higher prices encourage conservation. We are government without creating another un­ SWP political committee member told that utility bllls this summer will be wieldy bureaucracy." Peter Camejo, the SWP's Presidential ghastly. Very well; we raise our windows, and We fall to see how the consumer agency candidate, wrote: turn on the buzz fans. could be kept small, given the comprehensive The word "terrorism" is commonly used to In fine, the matter of low prices is not so scope of consumer interests. But small or mean the politics of those who believe that simple as the Naderite zealots suppose it to large, a consumer advocB~cy agency could violent actions against individual bourgeois be. Which means there are widely divergent gum urp the works of all other departments figures can bring about social change, pre­ views on how the federal government should and load the courts down with thousands cipitate a revolutionary situation, or elec­ proceed with regard to energy prices. This of suits. trify or help mobilize the m.asses even if un­ being the case, it makes no sense to endow We believe deeply in the need to protect dertaken by isolated individuals or groups. any bureaucrat, or any bureacracy with the consumers, but we think that it is a. Job for Terrorism in that sense is rejected . by the power to represent the "consumer view­ President Carter, all of his cabinet officers Marxist movement. But under the conditions point" on this matter. There is no one con­ and executive department administrators, all of civil war, terrorist acts can have a totally sumer viewpoint, and the consumerist who regulatory agencies and all the members of different political import. Their isolated na­ pretends there is, is talking through his hat. Congress. ture fades. In the process of an insurrection, Of course this scarcely means that the Specific probleiUS of consumers can be an­ terrorist acts may be advantageous to the consumer agency bill will not pass, and that swered by specific legislation or specific reg­ workers movement. They may also be dam­ various consumerists will not thereafter try ulations issued by governmental agencies. aging. But terrorist acts that are not part to fob themselves off on us as our "spokes­ Creating a special agency with a vague char­ of a generalized mass armed struggle re­ men." No, the point is that they will be im­ ter will solve few probleiUS but wlll, in all main isolated and are detrimental to the posters. And we all know just how carefully likelihood, cause needless conflicts and con­ workers movement.l imposters are to be listened to. fusions. Mary-Alice Waters. another member of the SWP political committee and (From the Dallas Times Herald, Apr. 8, 1977] member of the FI's international execu­ PROTECTING CONSUMERS SOCIALIST WORKERS PARTY RE­ tive committee, characterized the debate President carter pledged during his cam­ AFFIRMS ITS SUPPORT FOR TER­ between. the international majority paign that one of his principal goals would RORISM tendency and the minority LTF suc­ be the reduction of the number of govern­ cinctly: ment agencies and an attack on bureaucratic The majority held that they too were for red ta.pe which frustrates citizens and adds HON. LARRY McDONALD building parties but that revolutionary billions to the cost of government. OF GEORGIA Ignoring these promises, President Carter parties could only be constructed today 1n IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Latin America if the Trotskyists proved has now asked Congress to create an "Agency theinselves the best guerrilla fighters, ariUS for Consumer Advocacy," an unguided mis­ Monday, May 2, 1977 sile which can create havoc in the func­ in hand. Such was the only path to either Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, the the vanguard or the masses. tioning of government--all in the name of The minority felt that such a strategy protecting the consumer. Socialist Workers Party-SWP-recently denounced our Government for denying could only lead to the political miseducation It is our view that consumers are not a of the entire world movement and the deci­ unique group standing apart from the rest a visa to Tariq Ali, a Pakistani resident in mation of the small Trotskyist parties and of the citizenry. All of us are consumers; all Great Britain who had been scheduled oadres in Latin America. Logically it would of us are affected by the activities of all levels for a fundraising and promotional tour have to be extended beyond Latin America. of government. The fedeTal government is in Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., and to other parts of the world. not an enemy of the people, nor a monstell' New York City from April 18-22. out to maul the consuming public. * * * * • The President and most governmental Tariq Ali did not qualify for a U.S. visa Other supporters of the Latin American agencies may indeed need consumer advisers because he is a leader of a Trotskyite majority document have tried to shift the to insure that ·adequate attention is given Communist organization actively in­ discussion onto the axis of "for or against consumer interests, but the creation of an­ volved in terrorism. Ali is a leader of the armed struggle." We reject any implication other bureaucratic conglomeration with Fourth International-PI, the principal that that is what the discussion is really vague powers and guidelines is an unneces­ about. If supporters of the minority view international coordinating body for were against armed struggle, they would be srury and potentially dangerous move. Trotskyite communists which is actively The Congress itself is, or ought to be, an Social Democrats or Stalinists, not Trotsky­ "agency for consumer· advocacy." Its mem­ engaged in revolutionary terrorism in ists. What we reject is the strategy of "pick bers can make certain that consumers are Latin America and Europe. Ali is a leader up the gun" as the road to power. As a strat­ heard during consideration of legislation and of the International Marxist GrouP­ egy it stands in the way of the construction existing federal agencies can be instructed IMG, the British section of the Fourth of mass revolutionary parties throughout to be more sensitive to consumer needs. International and is a member of the Latin America, and that is what the debate But the Carter program, already embodied FI's International Executive Commit­ is about.2 in legislation now before COngress, would es­ tee-IEC--on which he uses the "nom Tariq Ali is employed by the Institute tablish an agency with a budget of $15 mil­ de guerre," or alias, "Ghulam." for Policy Studies' international project, lion, chrarged with adV'ocating the views of the Transnational Institute, which has consumers before other federal agencies. It Tariq Ali's speaking tour was orga­ could, for example, urge the Federal Com­ nized by the Socialist Workers Party's offices in Washington and Amsterdam, munications Cominission to set telephone Viewpoint Speakers Bureau, which Netherlands. IPS and its TNI have had rates that benefit consumers, take a position shares office space with the party's pub­ numerous members of revolutionary and on whether the Food and Drug Adininistra­ lishing house, Pathfinder Press, at 410 terrorist groups on the payroll. Orlando tion should ban saccharin, advise the State West Street, New York, N.Y. 10014 Letelier, the director of TNI until his Department and the White House about ac­ (212-741-0690). Ali is an articulate murder last year, has been exposed as a tions in regard to coffee agreements or shoe spokesman for the International Major­ top level "agent of influence" funded by tariffs that might help hold prices down, and and responsive to the Soviet and Cuban lobby for or against gre.in sales to foreign ity Tendency-IMT, the faction which countries. controls the Fourth International and secret police. The TNI provided Letelier It could take another agency to court if which since 1969 has promoted "armed with an academic "cover" for his exten­ it thought a given decision ignmed consumer struggle"-which includes terrorism­ sive travels as a Communist agent, and views. Exactly how the agency would operate as the principal tactic for revolution. Chilean Marxist-Leninist leaders in East would depend on the decisions, or whhns, of Ali's International Marxist Group of the President and the person he names to Great Britain is involved not only with Footnotes at end of article. May 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13209 Berlin cautioned him against "blowing" members on behalf of the Fourth Inter­ the United States to the world revolu­ that cover. Tariq Ali also travels exten­ national and described the developing tionary movement: sively, purportedly on TNI business. revolutionary situation in Spain: We see today how in every country in the The documentation of Tariq Ali as a Already we see in Spain, with the tremen­ world, as I outlined, the direct intervention leader of the proterrorist ruling Inter­ dous struggles of the Spanish workers, more of U.S. imperialism or even the absence of national Majority Tendency-IMP-of important, in many ways more advanced that direct intervention affects the course political developments than in Portu­ of the class struggle. You have your revela­ the Fourth International drawn from the gal. • • • tions in the United States which you brought secret "members only" publications of We now see these developments in the about, we have some of our own revelations the Socialist Workers Party and the demonstrations for amnesty for political in Europe. We find, for example, that the Fourth International previously ap­ prisoners in Spain. A million or a million and CIA finances--of course, everyone knew this, peared !n the ninth chapter of my CoN­ a half participated in the last wave. These it's just that it can be proved for the first GRESSIONAL RECORD report, "Trotskyism demonstrations are bigger than the demon­ time-finances parties in Europe like the and Terrorism,'' on September 9, 1976, strations of 1936 in Spain. They're not yet Christian Democrats in Italy. page 29585. armed. They don't yet have guns. That will We found out something you should pub­ come. • • • 5 licize-that the CIA has an official desk and The Socialist Workers Party was un­ telephone number in the British Ministry able to obtain a visa for yet another Jones concluded his address to the of Defense. They regard it as a branch office, Trotskyite terrorist this month. On April SWP National Convention with a de­ I guess. 14, Hugo Blanco, who led a Trotskyite scription of the role of the Socialist We know that as the revolutionary move­ terrorist movement in Peru in the 1960's Workers Party in the Fourth Interna­ ment develops in Europe, the United States and who admitted full responsibility for tional's struggle for a worldwide Marx­ cannot stand aside. It will be forced to in­ tervene. We rely, just as the Vietnamese rev­ the murders of three Peruvian police­ ist-Leninist system: olutionaries did, on the American working men during an arms raid on an isola ted We will build the Fourth International, all class and on the Socialist Workers Party to police post in 1962, was denied a visa. of us. Firstly, the victories and the struggles defend us against that intervention. And we The Socialist Workers Party and its front in Europe and in the colonial world. Finally, also see more clearly how the revolutionary for the support of Latin American rev­ the victory of the revolution in the United process throughout the world and in Europe olutionaries, the U.S. Committee for Jus­ States. We will play a role with the Socialist is bound together. tice for Latin American Political Prison­ Workers Party in creating the conditions for It is very important for us to understand that victory. But it is you who will have to the nature of this connection. The revolu­ ers-USLA-had tried to exert pressure fight and who will have to deliver tJhat final tionary struggle in any country is, of course, on the Department of State to admit blow. • • • national in form. The tactics which have to Blanco in 1975 and 1976, which failed. Long live the Socialist Workers Party! be pursued to carry out that revolution must At the 1976 SWP national convention Long live the Fourth International! be decided in that country. But that struggle which he was not able to attend, Blanco Long live the world socialist revolution! s is not really national in content. When the sent a message of greeting from Stock­ In my remarks, "The Socialist Workers Russian workers created the first workers holm which was read to the convention state in the world, it was the Russian working Party and Terrorism-An . Update," of class which conquered power. It was the Rus­ by Betsey Stone in her welcoming ad­ April 29, 1977, I quoted from the "Tasks sian Bolsheviks which led them to victory. dress. Blanco~s message read: and Perspectives Report" delivered by But it was the working class of the entire Dear American Comrades, Larry Seigle to the 28th SWP National world which saved that revolution. I hope your convention will be successful Convention in August last year. Even the power of the Russian working and that you wlll continue to set an example class could not have defeated the imperialist of how to persevere in building the revolu­ A number of foreign Trotskyites also intervention by itself. It took the struggle tionary party.a had messages read or personally deliv­ of the German, of the French, of the British, ered their praise of the SWP for its law­ ?f the United States, of the Japanese, work­ Commenting "we know Hugo Blanco is suit at that convention. Karl Bergmann mg classes to save that workers state. with us in spirit at this convention,'' the of the Political Bureau of the Revolu­ With the United States, we see a different SWP then made the admitted murderer tionary Marxist League, the Swiss sec­ interrelation. We see, as Trotsky said, that "honorary chairperson" of its conven­ tion of the Fourth International, wrote: the fight of humanity will be decided on tion. We would like to wish you special success American soil. But that struggle will not be Yet the SWP claims it does not support simply a struggle between the American in your court case against the imperialist working class and the oppressed nationalties terrorism. U.S. government • • •. of the United States against the American The Socialist Workers Party also ruling class. claims not to be a section of the Fourth "Comrade Francois," the representa­ tive of the Lambertist Organizing Com­ That struggle will be a struggle between International. In fact the SWP has full the working class of the entire world and voting privileges at the FI's world con­ mittee for the Reconstruction of the the oppressed of the entire world against gresses; provides funds for the Fourth Fourth International-OCRFI-a Trot­ the most powerful ruling class which has International by directly paying for the skyite grouping outside the Fourth In­ existed in history. That is the only way in English publication of FI literature and ternational which has close ties to Pales­ which that revolution can be successful. tinian terrorist factions, delivered the We are bound together in the following the FI's weekly magazine, Intercontinen­ sense: For us to make developments in all tal Press, which according to SWP leader following comments to the SWP conven­ tion: the countries in the world, you have to carry Barry Sheppard "come to many thou­ on the struggle in the heartland of U.S. im- It is not. possible in the limits of these perialism. · sands of dollars a month"; has members greetings to deal with all the aspects of the with full voting powers on the FI's inter­ present development and struggles of the But it is our struggle, the victories which national executive committee; leads an SWP. But there is one thing we wish to em­ will be gained outside the United States, important minority faction in the phasize. All the delegates at this conven­ which will be, so to speak, the shoulders on Fon:th International; has members of tion-and all the members of the SWP­ which you can stand to attack your own the FI's international executive commit­ should not only be proud but conscious of ruling class. tee participating in the closed meetings the international importance of the blows We also know something else. You cannot their party has dealt the FBI and CIA. fall even once. of the SWP conventions, and national We-the comrades here-! speak for all and political committees deliberations; The fact that the political pollee of the ruling class of the most powerful imperialist the international comrades--<:an make a vic­ and submits to investigations by the country in the world has been obliged to re­ tory in a country such as Spain as we hope Fourth International's political police, treat--and to retreat because of the offen­ to, or another country in Europe, or a co­ 4 the international control commission. sive wage~ by the Trotskyist party-not only lonial country, and that will not decide the Alan Jones, one of Tariq Ali's com­ symbolizes the link between tJhe struggle for fate of humanity. We can have a defeat in rades in the leadership of the British democratic rights and the struggle for the a country, and that will not finally settle socialist revolution, it is also an element the fate of humanity. If you fail, that wlll IMG and a member of the Fourth Inter­ settle tt.s national Executive _ Committee's "ter­ which strengthens worldwide the struggle of rorism now" majority, attended the all those who organize on the basis of the In light of the SWP's efforts to obtain program of the Fourth International, and of the Central Intelligence Agency's files SWP 1976 national convention as the 7 Fourth International's official spokes­ all those who face repression. "about the SWP and the Fourth Inter­ man. At the SWP 28th National Convention, national-the SWP's revolutionary so­ Jones greeted the assembled SWP Alan Jones discussed the relationship of cialist cothinkers in other countries," the 13210 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 2, 1977 analysis of the role of the SWP in the fight for the rights of the oppressed, and cries of jubilation resounded from all world revolutionary movement takes on specifically, for the rights of our party.10 sides. added significance. Stapleton said that "over and above" Baron d'Escare, commenting on the And so does a private meeting held be­ the constitutionally guaranteed rights of scene, wrote: tween SWP leaders and the Interna­ freedom of speech and freedom of asso­ In France, to gain liberty, they began with tional Marxist Group Political Commit­ ciation, the SWP was attempting to as­ anarchy; in Poland, the nation was given tee in London last October. Following sert new "rights" not enumerated by our liberty and independence; the respect for the October 16-17, 1976, meeting of the Founding Fathers, and indeed certainly law, for person and property was assured; and united secretariat of the Fourth Inter­ not envisaged by them. all this without violence, without murder, national in Brussels, Belgium, three Stapleton defined one of those "new solely through the virtue of the courage of members of the SWP leadership who rights" as "the right of a revolutionary the Nation ... were attending-Jack Barnes, Joseph party to organize, publish its ideas, and George Washington wrote: Hansen, and Mary-Alice Waters­ win people to its program." He did not Poland . . . appears to have made large stopped over in London. A report to the mention that the Trotskyite Communists and unexpected strides toward liberty whi-ch SWP Political Committee on October 25, have and have had that option. . . . reflect great honor [upon her) . . . However, the Socialist Workers Party 1976, stated: Catherine the Great of Russia, on the The IMG comrades are anxious to help is, in Stapleton's words, "an openly avowed revolutionary Marxist party.'' other hand, looked upon such democratic "internationalise" the SWP and USA's suit developments with great misgivings. against the American government.9 The SWP reserves to itself the option to use any tactic, including armed struggle She regarded Polish reformers as "the The top IMG leaders include not only and terrorism, to take power. The SWP Jacobins of Warsaw" and asserted that Tariq Ali and Alan Jones, but also Robin provides funds to its Fourth Interna­ the new constitution would produce "dis­ Blackburn, an associate of CIA turncoat tional "cothinkers" who are already en­ orders analogous to those of France." and self-styled "revolutionary Socialist" gaged in revolutionary terrorism and sub­ Soon relieved of war with the Turks, she Philip Agee. Agee and his "legman" version; its leaders sit on the ruling set out "to fight the enemy in Poland." Mark Hosenball, both American citizens, bodies of the Fourth International where In a scene strangely foreshadowing have been ordered deported from Great they do not argue against terrorism, but events of World War II and thereafter, Britain as threats to national security. only for better preparation and orga­ Catherine ordered the armies of Russia Agee, Blackburn and company have been nization before using terrorism. to cross the frontier on April 8, 1792. involved in anti-CIA "expose" articles in The SWP has no right to object to Although Thaddeus Kosciuszko, the Pol­ Great Britain. surveillance by the law enforcement and ish-American hero of our own Revolu­ The available evidence clearly indi­ intelligence-gathering agencies of our tionary War, put up an inspiring defense cates that Philip Agee's Fourth Inter­ elected representative Government who of his fatherland, Polish resistance was national friends have provided input for to protect American citizens from terror­ crushed by the invader. The constitu­ the SWP's litigational tactics. And it is ism both here and abroad must be inti­ tion of 1791 was abolished as a "danger­ outrageous that because the Attorney mately familiar with the activities of the ous novelty;" Catherine ruled the con­ General has ordered the FBI to cease its Socialist Workers Party and the Fourth quered country through a puppet con­ surveillance of the Socialist Workers International. federation. Finally, on September 23. Party, the FBI no longer has access to 1793, Poland was partitioned and lost all FOOTNOTES of its eastern provinces to the Russians. the internal publications of the SWP 1 International Internal Discussion Bulle­ and Fourth International which docu­ tin, Vol. X, No. 8, June 1973, p. 11. Mr. Speaker, I was privileged to spon­ ment that collusion. 2 Internal Information Bulletin, January sor in the current session, House Resolu­ In conclusion. it is worth examining a 1972, No. 1 in 1972, pp. 4, 11. tion 524, authorizing and requesting the February 1976 speech by SWP National 3 Internal Information Bulletin, Septem­ President to issue a proclamation to des­ Committee member, Syd Stapleton, who ber 1976, No. 10 in 1976, p. 28. ignate May 3 of each year as "Polish heads the Political Rights Defense ' SWP Discussion Bulletin, Vol. 34, No. 8, Constitution Day." Let us never forget Fund-PRDF, the SWP's publicity ap.d July 1976, p. 15. the aspirations for freedom and liberty 5 Internal Information Bulletin, Septem- fundraising front for its lawsuit. Staple­ ber 1976, No. 10 in 1976, p. 22. under law voiced by the Polish people in ton outlined the rationale for the suit in 6 Ibid., p. 24. 1791. May their day of true national the following terms: T Ibid., p. 26. liberation soon be a reality. This is the starting point for our strategy. s Ibid., p. 23. As Marxists, we know that the ruling class of 9 Internal Information Bulletin, Decem­ this country, one of the most bloodthirsty in ber 1976, No. 15 in 1976, p. 9. history, will not peacefully hand over power 10 International Information Bulletin, April IDAHO ATTORNEY GENERAL SIDES to a majority who want socialism and op­ 1976, No. 5 in 1976, p. 24. WITH BARLOW pose capitalist rule. To the contrary, the cap­ pitalists will use all methods, including, at a certain stage backing bands of fascist thugs HON. GEORGE HANSEN to try to smash the worker's organizations THE POLISH CONSTITUTION by force. In this final showdown, the only OF IDAHO power capable of defeating the armed violence IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the rulers will be the independent, orga­ HON. JAMES J. DELANEY nized, power of the overwhelming majority, Monday, May 2, 1977 the workers and the oppressed. OF NEW YORK This means that a perspective for serious­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. HANSEN. Mr. Speaker, on behalf ly defending democratic rights must be one of the Attorney General of the State of that revolves around strengthening the class Monday, May 2, 1977 Idaho, Mr. Wayne Kidwell, I extend an consciousness, self reliance and independent Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, tomor­ invitation to all the State attorneys gen­ mobilization of the workers. row, May 3, marks the 186th anniver­ eral to join with Idaho on behalf of From this point of view, the debate now sary of the Polish Constitution of 1791- Mr. Ferrol G. Barlow in his fourth going on about restructuring the capitalist amendment case against the Occupa­ state apparatus in some way, by reforming or a deeply meaningful document for peo­ abolishing the FBI or CIA, by shifting their ple of Polish descent living throughout tional Safety and Health Administration, functions into another department, by get­ the free world. which is presently before the U.S. Su­ ting rid of this or that politician or official, The Polish Diet reconvened after an preme Court. or by providing for more congressional over­ Easter recess on May 2 in 1791 while both I strongly urge my colleagues to fa­ sight of the FBI and CIA, is simply irrele­ Russia and Austria were distracted with vorably recommend to their respective vant to the real defense of democratic rights. States that they support Bill Barlow in The key goals should be a mass break with war against Turkey. The people of Po­ capitalist politics and the capitalist parties, land were thus able to press on with con­ his landmark constitutional battle and the building of a movement of the op­ stitutional reforms and a model bill of against big Government's intrusion on pressed that can replace minority capitalist rights. On the morning of May 3, with individual rights. rule with socialism. the streets of Warsaw and approaches I insert for the RECORD and for the It is in this context that we conduct our to the palace crowded with expectant benefit of my colleagues an article by throngs, Stanislaus Augustus produced .Steven Ahrens of the Idaho Statesman of Footnotes at end of article. the draft of the new constitution and April 29, 1977, which illustrates the legal May 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13211 environment of this historic case. The Thomas J. McNulty of my home town, Therefore, I want to join with the dis­ article follows: Philadelphia, on receiving the 1977 tinguished Members of the Congress of IDAHo INviTEs STATES To Jom IN OSHA Philadelphia Police Athletic League Man the United States to pay tribute to this CASE of the Year Award. This award will be fine American. Idaho is inviting other states to join with presented at a testimonial dinner on it in filing briefs in support of a Pocatello May 17, 1977, in Philadelphia. This award businessman who has lodged a constitutional is given to an individual who has made challenge to warrantless searches by the Oc­ many outstanding contributions to com­ THE LIMITS OF EDUCATIONAL cupational Safety and Health Administra­ tion (OSHA) . munity and country and whose special TESTING "We have notified the plaintiff (Ferro! G. interests have been a benefit to so many Barlow) that we will join him as amicus young people throughout the Delaware HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON curiae (a friend of the court)," Atty. Gen. River Valley. Wayne Kidwell said Thursday. "The issue Thomas J. McNulty was born on OF MASSACHUSETTS is not OSHA, but the Fourth Amendment. May 31, 1926, in the Kensington section IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The BUl of Rights does protect individual of Philadelphia. His early years were Monday, May 2, 1977 rights and, in my opinion, specifically pro­ spent, during the depression, fighting the hibits searches like this." economic circumstances which offered Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, early Barlow, a. 61-yea.r-old Pocatello electrical in April, college admissions officers across and plumbing subcontractor, refused to al­ very little opportunity for young people. Despite this difficult economic situation, the country select the students who will low a.n OSHA inspector to Inspect his shop study for a college degree-a degree 18 months ago because the inspector had no Tom McNulty was able to complete his warrant. high school education. which traditionally has been the key to A three-judge panel upheld Barlow, say­ When war came to his country, Tom social acceptance, economic security, and ing the OSHA provision allowing warrantless McNulty enlisted in the U.S. Navy and leadership roles in both public and pri­ searches was unconstitutional. The U.S. De­ served in the Southwest Pacific Theatre vate life. These decisions by admissions partment of Labor subsequently asked the officers directly affect the futures of mil­ U.S. Supreme Court to hear the case and of Operations. After his discharge in 1946, Tom Mc­ lions of Americans each year. And year the high court agreed. after year, these decisions have a subtle Kidwell added that he will ask to argue Nulty became an apprentice in the Plum­ the question before the Supreme Court on bers' Union. From this humble beginning, but profound effect on the quality of Idaho's behalf. he rose to become the union's business leadership we can expect from the next Idaho's invitation to other states to join manager. generation. its side of the case is a. response to a. split Tom McNulty always understood the Unfortunately, too many of these de­ in the National Association of Attorneys Gen­ cisions on college admissions are arbi­ eral (NAG) over the constitutional issue, value of education. During these early years, he enrolled in the College of In­ trary judgments based on scores from Kidwell said. standardized tests administered by the "This might be interesting, because Min­ dustrial Relations at St. Joseph's re­ nesota. is on the other side of the issue," he ceiving certificates of excellence iipon Educational Testing Service. The respon­ said. "It may be the first time we've had completing the program in 1952. He then sibility for these decisions rests in part ·a. clear-cut constitutional issue with the enrolled in the evening school at the with ETS and the College Entrance Ex­ sta. te attorneys general on opposing sides. University of Pennsylvania. It was dur­ amination Board, and the methods they Usually we're pretty much together on these ing this time that Tom McNulty was use to test the worth of individual abili­ thin~s. " ties. But far more of the responsibility Minnesota. intends to file an amicus curiae elected to serve on the union's executive board. In 1955, Tom McNulty was elected rests with the college admissions officers, brief on the side of the Labor Department who have banded together behind the il­ and has invited other states to join it, SiC­ business agent for the union and business cording to a.n April 19 letter from NAG. manager in 1977. lusion of statistically accurate tests That brought a letter from the Idaho at­ Mr. Speaker, Tom McNulty is an ex­ rather than exercise the more difficult re­ torney general to NAG, st ating his belief cellent example of the strength of our sponsibility of gaging individual per­ that the three-judge panel's ruling was cor­ American character. His achievements formance and potential. It is the student rect. have been the result of hard work against who is affected the most by these de­ "Allowing a federal administrative agency cisions but who must take the test in to conduct warrantless searches upon whim overwhelming odds. He should serve as an example to all of us. order to be considered for admission and and with~ut probable cause represents one is virtually powerless to alter its :iiulu­ more crevice in the crumbling dam holding Mr. Speaker, Tom McNulty spent his our constitutional freedoms," the Idaho let­ life trying to improve himself. His suc­ ence in the admissions process. ter said. cess has been an inspiration to all of the While college admissions officers are Since the national association's letter went citizens in the Philadelphia community. informed of statistical variations in en­ out, Nevada., Mississippi, North Dakota. and More importantly, Tom McNulty has not trance test scores, the students who take Indiana. all have expressed an interest in these dreaded Saturday morning test coming in on Idaho's side, Kidwell said. forgotten his neighbors. He has a long record of public service and recognized sessions are generally unaware that the "1 personally do not like the concept of score results are often only accurate a federal or state agency being able to con­ as a leader in the labor movement. He duct searches of a person's home or business was a member of the License and Review Within 60 points in the spread of 200 to without due process of law," he added. "This Board of the city of Philadelphia from 800 possible points. They are unaware of is a dangerous precedent for the country. 1962 to 1972. At present, he serves on the secret codes used by ETS and the col­ The Barlow case raises the Fourth Amend­ zoning board of adjustment for the city leges to identify "irregularities" in the ment issue of whether an agency can con­ a position appointed by our mayor Frank tests, including allegations of cheating. duct a. search based on whim." L. Rizzo. ' Law school applicants do not know that Kidwell emphasized he finds no fault with their college grades are frequently se­ a. search based on probable ca. use. Besides all of this, Tom McNulty is a family man. His wife, the former Flo­ cretly adjusted based on historical expe­ rence Campbell, has Leen by his side dur­ rience with other applicants from the ing good as well as bad times. His four same undergraduate institution. THOMAS J. McNULTY WILL RECEIVE children, Michael, John, Susan, and What many students do know, of 1977 PHTI..ADELPHIA POLICE ATH­ Thomas, are living testimonies to the course, is that their applicat jons at an LETIC LEAGUE MAN OF THE YEAR love and devotion Tom and his wife alarming number of colleges and uni­ AWARD ON MAY 17 share. versities are not being considered be­ cause their test scores fall below an Tom McNulty is a religious man. As a arbitrary threshold. Every rejected ap­ HON. RAYMOND F. LEDERER member of St. Christopher's Roman plicant senses what every college admis­ Catholic Parish, he lives the true mean­ OF PENNSYLVANIA sions officer !mows: Insufficient consid­ ing of the Christian faith. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES eration has been given to personal quali­ Mr. Speaker, Tom McNulty combines fications, and undue emphasis placed on Monday, May 2, 1977 all the distinguishing character traits the test. Mr. LEDERER. Mr. Speaker, it is fit­ many people feel America has lost. It is ironic that a culture which ting that we pause in the business of the Both his private and professional life stresses performance and achievement House to honor, in a special way, Mr. are embodiments of that American spirit. so often opts for convenient measure- 13212 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 2, 1977 ments instead of individual review. The dividual expression, vision and courage H.R.- economics of individualized admis­ cannot long survive if those qualities are A bill to promote the rights of individuals sions--especially when applications far not adequately considered in the process who take standardized educational tests; outnumber available places in most col­ of college and university admissions. to make such individuals, educational leges and universities--may encourage Quality is measured by more than a institutions, and other persons more aware of the uncertain reliability of such tests, the use of statistical shortcuts. Certainly scale from 200 to 800. and the problems of using such tests; and it is not an easy task to evaluate indi­ Mr. Speaker, I insert a copy of the bill for other purposes vidual candidates and the admissions at the conclusion of my remarks, along Be it enacted by the Senate and House officers must feel a great sense of frus­ with my letter to colleagues in the House of Representatives of the United States of tration with the process. But we must asking their support for the bill. America in Congress assembled, That this begin to search for alternative methods HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Act may be cited as the "Testing Reform Act and to instill some creativity into the Washington, D.C., May 2, 1977. of 1977". admissions process. At the least, the im­ DEAR CoLLEAGUE: FINDINGS portance of academic admissions de­ Last week, I introduced the Testing Reform SEc. 2. The Congress finds that- cisions demands that test statistics be Act of 1977-the first legislative attempt to (1) although standardized tests play a curb abuse of standardized test results and major role in the admission, placement, considered by all concerned for exactly protect the rights of test subjects. what they are--a rough approximation ranking, and tracking of students at all The purpose of the bill is threefold. levels of our educational system, the rights of test performance. First, it is an attempt to define and and interests of the students who must take I have introduced into the Congress a strengthen consumer rights by requiring that these tests have been neglected; and "truth in testing law," to open the se­ test subjects know exactly what the test is (2) standardized tests play a major role crets of standardized testing to full pub­ measuring, what margin o! error is involved in education despite the fact that the reli­ lic review. The goal is not to eliminate in test scoring, and what manner test scores ab111ty of these tests is uncertain, and the standardized tests, but to exert a greater will be distributed to third parties. results of such tests are often misleading and influence on the procedure and serve as The second purpose is to encourage educa­ at best can give only an approximate evalu­ tional institutions to reverse a disturbing ation of an individual's abi11ties. a catalyst for more individualized review trend--an increasing reliance on standard­ in the admissions process. The law would It is therefore the intention of Congress in ized test scores in the process of admitting enacting this Act to enable test subjects to require all reliability and validity studies and tracking students. This trend has dis­ more fully exercise their rights with respect conducted by test designers to be avail­ criminated unfairly against persons from to standardized testing, and to make test able to the general public. It would also numerous social and economic backgrounds, subjects and persons who use such tests more require testing firms to attach to any and persons who simply don't respond well fully aware of the implications O·f using such test score a prominent warnL"'lg that the to standardized test situations. An indirect tests in education. effect has also been to force a uniformity of seemingly exact number is only an ap­ skills and backgrounds at educational insti­ TITLE I-RIGHTS OF TEST SUBJECTS proximation of the student's perform­ tutions which ought to thrive on diversity STATEMENT ACCOMPANYING TEST SCORES ance on the test, with an equally promi­ and creativity. SEc. 101. (a) No funds shall be made nent indication of the margin of error Finally, the bill is designed to add a learn­ available under any applicable program to an involved. ing element to the testing process by making educational agency or institution which uses . In addition, the law would require available to the student the test questions, a standardized test administered by a test­ testing firms to provide a test applicant the correct answers, and his or her own an­ ing agency which has a policy or practice of with a specific description of the skills swers to a standardized test-an at a reason­ releasing test scores without including with being tested, and an explanation of how able cost. such scores the standard error of measure­ the results will be disseminated. For too Those purposes in mind, the Testing Re­ ment, as provided in subsection (b) ( 1), of form Act of 1977 would: each such score, and the following statement: many students, the decision to take a 1. Give test subjects (or their parents) the standardized admission test creates a "These scores are approximations. The right to know in advance what skills will be standard error of measurement reported with statistical shadow which follows him tested, how the tests will be scored, and what each score represents the statistical prob­ through life, often without his knowl­ rights the test subject has under the law. ability of the test subject achieving a score edge or control. Precise limits on test 2. Give test subjects the right to obtain within the indicated range on repeated ad­ score dissemination must be defined in copies of the test questions and correct an­ ministrations of this examination." advance, so a test subject does not be­ swers following administration of the test, and copies of their own answers after the test (b) ( 1) The· standard errors of measure­ come a test victim. has been scored. ment required to be reported by subsection The student should be notified if the 3. Prohibit testing companies from dis­ (a) shall be placed with the report of the results being reported contain additional seminating test information to anyone ex­ test scores in a manner, as prescribed by the notations about alleged irregularities in cept those specifically cited in written re­ Commissioner by regulation, which clearly test administration. Often, a student quests from the test subject, and prohibit identifies the standard error of measurement receives a high score only to have it dis­ dissemination of test scOTes with aux111ary for each score reported. The standard error codes. of measurement shall be stated in each case counted because of an incorrect--but un­ in terms of a range of numbers with the test known-allegation of cheating or other 4. Require the cutoff• of federal education score as the mid-point of such range, and a unusual circumstances. funds to schools which deny admission to percentage representing the statistical prob­ As a final check on possible error, the students solely on the basis of test scores ability of the test subject achieving a test law would require that test questions be which fall below a prescribed threshold. score within such range on repeated admin­ 5. Require test companies to display istrations of the same test. made public 30 days after the test is ad­ prominently on the front of tests and test ministered, along with a student's an­ (2) The statement required by subsection scores a warning that the scores are only (a) shall be displayed on the face of the re­ swers to those questions. Such a proce­ an approximation made within a defined port of the test scores in a manner, as pre­ dure could help to catch any computer margin of error. scribed by the Commissioner by regulation. correcting errors, and add a learning 6. All of the above. which makes such statement readily ap­ component to a process which over the The law also directs the Commissioner of parent to any individual reading such report. years has offered so little to so few by Education to publish a list of testing firms (c) No funds shall be made available un­ way of intellectual growth. which do not operate in conformity with the der any applicable program to an educational This proposed legislation cannot alter law. Schools using test scores from those agency or institution which has a policy or the methods by which colleges and uni­ firms would face a cutoff of education funds practice of releasing test scores without in­ versities make their decision, but it can after appropriate due process proceedings. cluding the standard errors of measurement give applicant,s an incentive, and the I would welcome your co-sponsorship of and statement required by subsection (a) in this legislation. More importantly, I would the manner prescribed by the Commissioner tools to insist upon more individualized under subsection (b) . consideration. If the people of this coun­ welcome your suggestions on how this bill can be improved to best protect students REVIEW .A.ND INSPECTION OF STANDARDIZED try are truly concerned, as public opin­ and consumers without unduly burdening TESTS ion polls indicate, about the quality of testing firms or educational institutions. SEC. 102. (a) No funds shall be made avail­ political and social leadership, then at­ For more information, please contact able under any applicable program to an edu­ tention must be paid to the process by Kelly Downey of my staff at 58020. cational agency or institution which uses a which our leaders are selected. A nation Vours sincerely, · standardized test administered by a testing that places its faith in creativity, in- MICHAEL J. HARRINGTON. agency which has a policy or practice of May 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13213 denying test subjects, the Commissioner, and will be reported under section 101, the per­ shall notify such educational agency or in­ researchers the right to inspect and review sons who will receive such scores, the pur­ stitution at the time of such termination the standardized test and the correct answers poses for which such scores will be used, and that no funds will be made available to it to such test, in accordance with subsection any additional information which wm be under any applicable program until it has (b). derived from such score and the uses which ceased using such test, or, if it continues to (b) ( 1) A copy of each standardized test will be made of such information; use such test, untll such testing agency is and the correct answers to such test shall (4) the right of the test subject under this found to be in compliance with the require­ be provided to each subject of such test who Act and section 438 (b) ( 1) of the General ments of this Act. makes a request in writing to the adminis­ Education Provisions Act (20 U.S.C. 1232g (c) Whenever the Commissioner, after tering testing agency. Copies shall be so pro­ (b) (1)) to prohibit the release of his test reasonable notice and an opportunity for vided upon receipt of the request, except that score without his written consent; and hearing, finds that there has been a failure such testing agency need not provide copies (5) the right of the test subject to obtain by an educational agency or institution re­ before the scores of the tests have been re­ a copy of the test and the correct answers, ceiving funds under any applicable program ported to the requesting subject or to an and the manner in which such test and an­ to comply with the requirements for funding educational agency or institution. A testing swers may be obtained, as prescribed under under title II of this Act, the Commissioner agency may require test subjects to pay for section 102. shall notify such educational agency or in­ the expenses of duplication, handling, and TITLE II-EXCLUSION OF STUDENTS ON stitution that further payments will not b~ shipping of the requested copies; testing THE BASIS OF TEST SCORES made until the Commissioner is satisfied that agencies shall notify test subjects in advance it is in compliance with such requirements. SEc. 201. No funds shall be made avail­ Untll the Commissioner is so satisfied, no of any such payments that will be required able under any applicable program to an of requesting subjects. further payments shall be made to such ed­ institution of higher education which has a ucational agency or institution. (2) A copy of each standardized test and policy or practice of denying admission to the correct answers to such test shall be pro­ R.pplicants solely on the basis of standardized RIGHT OR CONSENT OF PARENTS RATHER THAN vided by the administering testing agency to test scores which are below a minimum TEST SUBJECT the Commissioner at the time at which such standard set by such institution. SEc. 402. In any case in which the test test must first be made available to a re­ TITLE III-STANDARDIZED TESTING subject is less than 18 years of age, and is questing test subject under subsection (b) INFORMATION being administered a standardized test for ( 1) . The Commissioner may not release or purposes other than admission or placement provide access to such test and answers ex­ SEc. 301. (a) The Administtator of the Na­ in an institution of higher education, the cept as provided in paragraph (3) of this sub­ tional Center for Education Statistics (here­ rights accorded to the test subject under sec­ section. inafter referred to in this title as the "Ad­ tions 102 and 104 of this Act, and the con­ ( 3) A copy of each standardized test and ministrator") shall collect and disseminate sent required of the test subject under sec­ the correct answers to such test shall be statistics and other data related to standard­ tion 103 of this Act, shall be accorded t.o and provided to any person engaged in educa­ ized testing in accordance with this title and required of the parents or legal guardi&ns of section 406 of the General Education Provi­ such test subject. tional, psychological, or other research pro­ sions Act (20 U.S.C. 1221e-1). vided that such person makes a request in DEFINITIONS writing to the Commissioner which states (b) The Administrator shall collect sta­ the nature of the research and the reasons tistics and data relating to the validity, reli­ SEc. 403. For purposes of this Act- that the test and answers are needed for such abllity, and standardization of standardized ( 1) the term "applicable program" has the research. The Commissioner shall prescribe tests, and any other statistics and data rele­ same meaning as an applicable program as by regulation the information to be included vant to an evaluation of such tests. The Ad­ defined by section 400(c) (1) (A) of the Gen­ in such request, and the form in which it ministrator shall request testing agencies to eral Education Provisions Act (20 U.S.C. 1221 shall be provided. The Commissioner shall provide to him any such statistics and data (c) (1) (A)); determine in the case of each request wheth­ in the possession of such testing agencies, (2) the term "Commissioner" means the er the requesting individual has a legitimate and any conclusions drawn by such testing Commissioner of Education; research interest in the test and answers; agencies from such statistics and data. (3) the term "educational agency or in­ stitution" means any public or private agency if the Commissioner finds a legitimate re­ (c) No funds sh'8J.l be made available under search interest he shall provide the requested any applicable program to an educational or institution which is the recipient of funds copies immediately, except that such copies agency or institution which uses standard­ under any applicable program; shall not be provided before the time at ized tests administered by a testing agency (4) the term "institution of higher educa­ which they must first be made available to which does not comply with requests by the tion" has the same meaning as an institution a requesting test subject under subsection Administrator for statistics and data re­ of higher education as defined by section (b) (1). A testing agency may require such quired to be collected by him under subsec­ 1202(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 persons to pay for the expenses of applica­ tion (b). (20 u.s.c. 1141(a) ); tion, handling, and shipping of the requested (d) Statistics and data provided by testing (5) the term "person" means an individ­ copies. agencies to the Administrator under this title ual, partnership, corporation, association, shall not include any personal information company, firm, society, or joint stock com­ RELEASE OF TEST SCORES pany; SEc. 103. Except as provided in section 102 on any test subject or the test scores of any individual test subject. The Administrator (6) the term "standardized test" or "test" (b) (2), no funds shall be made available means any test-administered to at least under any applicable program to an educa­ shall prescribe by regulation means of pro­ tecting the privacy of test subjects in connec­ 10,000 individuals and any other test as pre­ tional agency or institution which uses a scribed by the Commissioner by regulation, standardized test administered by a testing tion with statistics and data collected under this title. which is administered in identical form to a agency which · has a policy or practice of large number of individuals, and is intended releasing, or which releases, the scores of a TITLE IV-MISCELLANEOUS f >ruse- test subject to any person without the writ­ ENFORCEMENT (A) for purposes of admission of individ­ ten consent of such test subject, or which SEc. 401. (a) The Commissioner shall take uals to educational agencies or institutions, releases any such score except upon the con­ appropriate actions to enforce the provisions or dition that the recipient of such score notre­ of this Act, as provided in this section. (B) for purposes of ranking, placement, or lease it to any person without the written (b) (1) Before terminating funding to an tracking of students in educational agencies consent of such test subject. educational agency or institution on the or institutions, NOTIFICATION OF RIGHTS AND TEST INFORMATION basis of the failure of a testir.g agency to but does not include a test which is admin­ SEC. 104. No funds shall be made available comply with any of the requirements of title istered to a selected group of individuals under any applicable program to an educa­ I or title lli of this Act, the Commissioner solely for research purposes; tional agency or institution which uses a shall make a determination, after reasonable (7) the term "standardized test score" or standardized test administered by a testing notice and an opportunity for hearing have "test score" xneans the numerical value given agency which fails to inform the test sub­ been provided to interested parties, that such to the test subject's performance on a stand­ jects before the administration of such test, testing agency has failed to so comply, and ardized test; by mail1ng such information or by posting shall publish such determination in a man­ ( 8) the term "testing agency" means a per­ such information at test centers, of- ner which will give adequate notice to educa­ son who creates, publishes, or administers a (1) the subject matters included on such tional agencies and institutions. standardized test; test and the knowledge and skills which it (2) The Commissioner shall terminate (9) the term "test subject" means an indi­ tests; funding to an educational agency or insti­ vidual to whom a standardized test is admin­ tution only if, after making the determina­ istered:; and (2) the manner in which the test is scored, tion and publication required by paragraph (10) an educational agency or institution the statistical accuracy of such score, and (1) with respect to a testing agency, he finds shall be deemed to "use a standardized test" the significance of such score in terms of the that such educational agency or institution if it uses such a test for one of the purposes skllls and knowledge it represents; is using a standardized test administered set forth in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of (3) the manner in which the test scores by such testing agency. The Commissioner paragraph (6) of this section. 13214 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 2, 1977

EFFECTS OF CALIFORNIA'S MARI­ ized. Even among those individuals who have CONSUMER PRO~ON AGENCY JUANA DECRIMINALIZATION: A never used marijuana, either legalization or STEP IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION the current approach is preferred over the reinstitution of stiffer penalties. HON. JOHN N. ERLENBORN The survey also asked people about their OF ILLINOIS HON. GEORGE MILLER experience with marijuana. While thirty­ five percent of adults reported that they IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF CALIFORNIA had at least tried marijuana, fourteen per­ Monday, May 2, 1977 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cent considered theinselves current users. Monday, May 2, 1977 This is an increase over survey results ob­ Mr. ERLENBORN. Mr. Speaker, the tained nearly two years earlier. However, proposal for a Consumer Protection Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Speak­ less than three percent of respondents in the Agency has been haunting these halls er, prior to July 1975, the possession of latest poll reported they had first tried mari­ for a decade. Fortunately, the American any amount of marijuana for personal juana within the past year, and only one people have not allowed it to materialize. use in California was considered a fel­ in eight of them indicated that they were more willing to try or to use the drug be­ There are at least two reasons for this. ony, punishable by incarceration in a cause penalties had been reduced. First, Americans believe, and rightly State prison for up to 10 years, with Analysis of available arrest and citation so, that there is too much Government stiffer punishment imposed for repeated data show that changes have occurred under interference in their lives. They are op­ offenders. In July 1975, SB 95 was en­ SB 95. In the first six months of 1976, re­ posed to new layers of Government. acted, and the possession of one ounce ported possession offenses were reduced by Second, after determining the con­ or less of marijuana for personal use be­ nearly half compared to the same period in sumer interest in the marketplace for came a citable misdemeanor, with a 1975. Concurrently, arrests of heroin addicts more than 200 years, Americans are not maximum penalty of $100. Under the new and other drug offenders increased signifi­ cantly. Comparative marijuana trafficking anxious to tum this task over to some California law, no incarceration is im­ arrests and amounts of the drug seized ac­ Federal bureaucrat. No one bureaucrat posed for such use of marijuana, and tually show a small but measurable decline. can adequately represent all consumer no increased punishment will occur for The costs to enforce the marijuana laws interests because there are often several recidivists. was a major impetus for enactment of SB 95. such interests in one issue. The bureau­ As the 95th Congress begins consider­ ;Estimated costs were compared between the crat will have to come down somewhere, ation of similar legislation at the Federal first half of 1976 and the same period in and when he does, he will be rejecting level, I think it will be helpful to have 1975, and although the data are incomplete, the legitimate consumer interests of mil­ and probably conservative, there has been before us some very vital information a reduction of approximately 75 percent in lions of Americans. relating to the impact of the California law enforcement and judicial system costs. Mr. Speaker, the Wall Street Journal law. I, therefore, submit for the RECORD, Some law enforcement agencies have pointed recently explored the CPA issue in one the summary of "A First Report of the out that changing possession of marijuana of its editorials. I urge all of my col­ Impact of California's New Marijuana from a felony to a citable misdemeanor has leagues to read it because it addresses Law

9:30a.m. MAY 10 To resume hearings on H.R. 5294, S. 656, Human Resources 8:30a.m. S. 918, and S. 1130, to amend the Con­ Employment, Poverty, and Migratory Labor *Governmental Affairs sumer protection Act so as to prohibit Subcommittee *Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting, abusive practices by independent debt To mark up S. 1303, authorizing funds and Management collectors. for fiscal year 1978 through 1980 for To resume hearings to review the proc­ 5302 Dirksen Building the Legal Services Corporation. esses by which accounting and audit­ Environment and Public Works Until 2:00p.m. 4232 Dirksen Buildilig ing practices and procedures, promul­ To consider pending committee business. Rules and Administration gated or approved by the Federal 4200 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on S. 1072, to Government, are established. Rules and Administration establish a universal voter registration 6202 Dirksen Bullding To mark up S. 1072, to establish a uni­ program; S. 926, to provide for public 9:00a.m. versal voter registration program; S. financing of primary and general elec­ Energy and Natural Resources 926, to provide for public financing of tions for the U.S. Senate; and the fol­ To mark up proposed fiscal year 1978 primary and general elections for the lowing bllls and messages to amend authorizations for ERDA. U.S. Senate; and the following bills the Federal Election Campaign Act: 3110 Dirksen Building and messages to amend the Federal S. 15, 105, 962, 966, 1320, and 1344, Human Resources Election Campaign Act; S. 15, 105, 962, President's message dated March 22, To mark up H.R. 2992, to amend and 966, 1320, and 1344, President's mes­ and recommendations of the FEC sub­ extend the Comprehensive Employ­ sage dated March 22, and recommenda­ mitted March 31. ment and Training Act, and S. 1242, tions of the FEC submitted March 31. 301 Russell Bullding to provide employment and training 301 Russell Building 10:00 a.m. opportunities for youth. Veterans' Affairs Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 4232 Dirksen Building To mark up S. 1189, H.R. 3695, H.R. 5027, To consider all proposed legislation un­ 9:30a.m. and H.R. 5029, authorizing funds for der its jurisdiction with a view to re­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation grants to States for construction of porting its final recommendations Communications Subcommittee veterans health care facilities. thereon to the Budget Committee by To continue oversight hearings on the 412 Russell Building May 15. broadcasting industry, including net­ MAY 12 5302 Dirksen Bullding work licensing, advertising, violence 8:30a.m. Governmental Affairs on TV, etc. Governmental Affairs Energy, Nuclear Proliferation, and Federal 6110 Dirksen Building Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting, and Services Subcommittee Environment and Public Works Management To resume hearings on S. 807, to To mark up proposed authorizations for To continue hearings to review the proc­ strengthen U.S. policies on nuclear fiscal year 1978 for environmental re• esses by which accounting and audit­ nonproliferation, and to reorganize search and development programs. ing practices and procedures, promul­ certain nuclear export functions. 4200 Dirksen Building gated or approved by the Federal Gov­ 3302 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. ernment, are established. Select Small Business Appropriations 6202 Dirksen Building To hold hearings to investigate prob­ Transportation Subcommittee 9:30a.m. lems in development of timber set- To resume hearings on proposed budget Judiciary asides. estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee 424 Russell Building Federal Railroad Administration To continue oversight hearings on the 10:30 a.m. (Northeast Corridor). effectiveness of antitrust enforcement Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry 1224 Dirksen BuUding by the Justice Department and FTC. Nutrition Subcommittee Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 2228 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on legislation to extend To resume oversight hearings on U.S. !O:OOa.m. monetary policy. and revise child nutrition programs Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs under the National School Lunch Act 6302 Dirksen BuUding and Chlld Nutrition Act. 10:30 a.m. Consumer Affairs Subcommittee 322 Russell Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation To continue hearings on H.R. 5294, S. To hold a business meeting. 656, S. 918, and S. 1130, to amend the 11:00 a.m. Consumer Protection Act so as to pro­ Foreign Relations 235 Russell Bullding hibit abusive practices by independent Foreign Assistance Subcommittee 2:00p.m. debt collectors. To hold hearings on proposed legisla­ Human Resources 6302 Dirksen Building tion authorizing funds for fiscal year To mark up S. 705, to revise and 1978 for activities of the Peace Corps, Environment and Public Works strengthen standards for the regula­ To mark up proposed legislation author­ to be followed by markup of this leg­ tion of cllnical laboratories; and S. islation. izing funds for the Nuclear Regulatory 621, 945, and 1217, to establish guide­ Commission. 4221 Dirksen Bulldlng lines for regulating research relating 4200 Dirksen Building Joint Economic to Recombinant DNA. To hold hearings to receive testimony 4232 Dirksen Building Human Resources on the April employm~nt/unemploy­ To mark up S. 1303, authorizing funds MAY 11 for fiscal years 1978 through 1980 for ment situation. 9:00 a.m. 6226 Dirksen BuUding the Legal Services Corporation; Black Energy and Natural Resources Lung Benefits program legislation; and MAY 9 To continue markup of proposed fiscal possibly other pending legislation. 9:00a.m. year 1978 authorizations for ERDA. 4232 Dirksen Building Energy and Natural Resources 3110 Dirksen Building 10:30 a.m. Energy Conservation and Regulation Sub­ 9:30a.m. committee Commerce, Science, and Transportation To hold hearings to receive testimony on Commerce, Science, and Transportation To hold a business meeting. Federal Energy Administration price Communications Subcommittee 235 Russell Building policy recommendations for Alaska To continue oversight hearings on the MAY 13 crude oll. broadcasting industry, including net­ 9:00a.m. work licensing, advertising, violence 3110 Dirksen Bullding Human Resources 9:30a.m. on TV, etc. 236 Russell Building To hold hearings on the nominations of Commerce, Science, and Transportation Peter G. Bourne, of the District of Co­ Communications Subcommittee Judiciary umbia, to be Director, and Lee I. Dogo­ To hold oversight hearings on the broad­ Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee loff, of Maryland, to be Deputy Direc­ casting industry, including network To continue oversight hearings on the tor, both of the Office of Drug Abuse licensing, advertising, violence on TV, etreetiveness of antitrust enforcement Policy. etc. by the Justice Department and FTC, to 4232 Dirksen Building 235 Russell Building hear Attorney General Bell. 10:00 a.m. Environment and Public Works 2228 Dirksen BuUding Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To consider pending committee busi- 10:00 a.m. Consumer Affairs Subcommittee ness. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To continue hearings on H.R. 5294, S. 4200 Dirksen Building Consumer Affairs Subcommittee 656, S. 918, and S. 1130, to amend the 13228 EXTENSIONS OF R·EMARKS May 2, 1977 Consumer Protection Act so as to pro­ Select Indian Affairs thorize grants to assist individuals and hibit abusive practices by independent To hold hearings on S. 905, the Central small business concerns in developing debt collectors. Arizona Indian Tribal Water Settle­ solar energy equipment and energy­ 5302 Dirksen Building ment Act of 1977. related inventions. MAY 16 Room to be announced 424 Russell Building 10:00 a.m. MAY 24 JUNE 6 Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 9:30a.m. 10:00 a.m. To hold oversight hearings on federally Commerce, Science, and Transportation Select Indian Affairs guaranteed loans to New York City. Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ To hold oversight hearings on the In­ 5302 Dirksen Building mittee dian Education Reform Act (P.L. 93- Select Indian Affairs To hold hearings on s. 657, to establish 638). To hold hearings on S. 470 and S. 471, an Earth Resources and Environmen­ Room to be announced pertaining to lands on the Umatilla tal Information System JUNE 7 Indian Reservation, Oregon. 5110 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. Room to be announced Select Small Business Human Resources To resume hearings on alleged restric­ Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ MAY 17 tive and anticompetitive practices in 10:00 a.m. mittee the eyeglass industry. To hold hearings to evaluate information Appropriations 424 Russell Building Transportation Subcommittee upon which the FDA based its deci­ !O:OOa.m. sion to propose regulations banning To hold hearings on proposed budget Governmental Affairs estimates for fiscal year 1978 for DOT, the use of saccharin. Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting, 4232 Dirksen Butlding to hear Secretary of Transportati:~n and Management Adams. To resume hearings to review the proc­ Select Indian Affairs 1224 Dirksen Building esses by which accounting and audit­ To continue oversight hearings on the Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs ing practices and procedures, promul­ Indian Education Reform Act (PL. To continue oversight hearings on fed­ gated or approved by the Federal Gov­ 93-638). erally guaranteed loans to New York ernment, are established. Room to be announced City. 6202 Dirksen Building JUNE 8 5302 Dirksen Building MAY 25 9:30a.m. MAY 18 9:30a.m. Commerce, Science, and Transportation 10:00 a.m. Commerce, Science, and Transportation Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ Appropriations Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ mittee Transportation Subcommittee mittee To hold hearings on S. 421, to establish To continue hearings on proposed budget To continue hearings on S. 657, to estab­ a program to educate the public in estimates for fiscal year 1978 for DOT. lish an Earth Resources and Environ­ understanding climatic dynamics. 1224 Dirksen Building mental Information System. 5110 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 5110 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. To continue oversight hearings on fed­ Select Small Business Human Resources erally guaranteed loans to New York To continue hearings on alleged restric­ Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ City. tive and anticompetitive practices in mittee 5302 Dirksen Building the eyeglass industry. To continue hearings to evaluate infor­ Governmental Affairs 424 Russell Building mation upon which the FDA based its Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting, and Select Indian Affairs decision to propose regulations ban­ Management To hold hearings on S. 660, seeking an ning the use of saccharin. To resume hearings to review the proc­ agreement with the Cherokee, Choc­ 4232 Dirksen Building esses by which accounting and audit­ taw, and Chickasaw Indian Tribes of JUNE 9 ing practices and procedures, promul­ Oklahoma for the purchase or lease of 9:30a.m. gated or approved by the Federal Gov­ their rights in the riverbed of the Commerce, Science, and Transportation ernment, are established. Arkansas River. Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ 6202 Dirksen Building Room to be announced mittee Select Indian Affairs Veterans' Affairs To continue hearings on S. 421, to estab­ To hold hearings on S. 103, 667, and 785, To hold hearings on S. 247, to provide lish a program to educate ·the public to convey certain Federal land to the recognition to the Women's Air Forces in understanding climatic dynamics. Ely Indian Colony, Paiute, and Sho­ Service Pilots. 5110 Dirksen Building shone Tribes. Until noon 318 Russell Building JUNE 10 Room to be announced 10:00 a.m. 9:30a.m. Select Small Business Commerce, Science, and Transportation MAY 19 To hold hearings on S. 807, to authorize Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ 10:00 am. grants to assist individuals and small Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs mittee business concerns in developing solar To continue hearings on S. 421, to estab­ To hold hearings on S. 695, to impose on energy equipment and energy-related lish a program to educate the public former Federal procurement person­ inventions. in understanding climatic dynamics. nel an extended time period during 235 Russell Building 5110 Dirksen Building which they may not work for defense 1:00 p.m. contractors. Governmental Affairs JUNE 13 5302 Dirksen Building Governmental Efficiency Subcommittee 9:30a.m. MAY 20 Commerce, Science, and Transportation To hold hearings to receive testimony on Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ 9:00a.m. a GAO study alleging inaccurate fi­ Energy and Natural Resources mittee nancial records of the Federal fiood in­ To hold hearings on 657, to estab­ Public Lands and Resources Subcommittee surance program. s. To hold oversight hearings on the im­ lish an Earth Resources and Environ­ 1224 Dirksen Building mental Information System. plementation of the Wild Horses and MAY 26 Burros Act. 235 Russell BUilding 3110 Dirksen Building 9:30a.m. JUNE 14 10:00 a.m. Select Small Business 9:30a.m. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To continue hearings on alleged restric­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation To continue hearings on S. 695, to im­ tive and anticompetitive practices in Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ pose on former Federal procurement the eyeglass industry. mittee personnel an extended time period 235 Russell Building To continue hearings on S. 657, to estab­ during which they may not work for 10:00 a.m. lish an Earth Resources and Envi­ defense contractors. Governmental Affairs ronmental Information System. 5302 Dirksen Building Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting, 6110 Dirksen Building and Management MAY 23 JUNE 15 10:00 a.m. To continue hearings to review the proc­ 9:30a.m. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs esses by which accounting and audit­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation To continue hearings on S. 695, to im­ ing practices and procedures, promul­ Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ pose on former Federal procurement gated or approved by the Federal Gov­ mittee personnel an extended time period ernment, are established. To continue hearings on S. 657, to estab­ during which they may not work for 6202 Dirksen Building lish an Earth Resources and Envi­ defense contractors. Select Small Business ronmental Information System. 5302 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on S. 807, to au- 235 Russell Building