National Capital Region Federal Parking Study
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National Capital Region Federal Parking Study An Accessibility-Based Approach for Federal Facilities Parking Policies September 2017 Notice This document was prepared by the U.S. Department of Transportation for the National Capital Planning Commission. The United States Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the objective of this report. ii Page Intentionally Left Blank iii Acknowledgements The U.S. Department of Transportation John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center) prepared this study on behalf of the National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC). The project team consisted of David Daddio (team leader), Jessica Baas, and Drew Quinton of the Transportation Planning Division, Stephen Zitzow-Childs of the Organization Performance Division, and Scott Smith of the Technology Innovation & Policy Division. Kael Anderson of NCPC’s Planning Research and Policy Division was the project lead. Michael Weil, Michael Sherman, Jennifer Hirsch, and Paul Jutton contributed to the effort. NCPC and the Volpe Center would like to thank the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments for providing access to the regional transportation model. Dusan Vuksan, Roland Milone, and Meseret Seifu fielded questions and supplied model outputs. iv Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 1 Study Purpose and Scope .................................................................................................................................. 1 Study Findings..................................................................................................................................................... 3 Key Study Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................................. 8 Background and Context ................................................................................................. 12 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 12 NCPC Parking Policy ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Current and Projected Land Use and Transportation Conditions in the National Capital Region ............... 13 Historical Context of Parking Policy ................................................................................................................. 18 Parking Policies at Principal Federal Agencies ............................................................................................... 23 Study Assumptions ........................................................................................................................................... 27 Literature Review ............................................................................................................. 28 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 28 Developing Parking Policy ................................................................................................................................ 28 Case Studies ..................................................................................................................................................... 33 Literature Review Findings ............................................................................................................................... 36 Local Parking Comparison ............................................................................................... 38 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 38 Background and Approach ............................................................................................................................... 38 Recent Zoning Code Updates .......................................................................................................................... 39 Parking Provision and Variance Processes in the NCR .................................................................................. 40 Overview of Local Jurisdiction Parking Regulations/Guidelines .................................................................... 42 Local Parking Comparison Findings ................................................................................................................ 46 Modeling Analysis ............................................................................................................ 49 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 49 Methodology...................................................................................................................................................... 49 Analysis ............................................................................................................................................................. 57 Developing New Parking Policies using the Accessibility Analysis ................................................................. 69 Modeling Analysis Findings .............................................................................................................................. 74 Appendix A: NCPC Master Plan Review Process Summary .................................................... 76 Appendix B: NCPC’s Transportation Management Plan Standards ....................................... 79 Appendix C: Historic Context of NCPC’s Parking Policies ....................................................... 81 Appendix D: Federal Employee Commuting Policies .............................................................. 85 Appendix E: Transportation Demand Management Strategies .............................................. 88 Appendix F: Traffic Impact Assessments ................................................................................ 93 Appendix G: Detailed Descriptions of Jurisdictional Parking Regulations .............................. 95 District of Columbia .......................................................................................................................................... 95 v Montgomery County .......................................................................................................................................... 97 Prince George’s County .................................................................................................................................. 102 City of Alexandria ............................................................................................................................................ 105 Arlington County .............................................................................................................................................. 107 Fairfax County ................................................................................................................................................. 110 Loudoun County .............................................................................................................................................. 112 Prince William County ..................................................................................................................................... 114 Appendix H: Development and Limitations of the Volpe Model ........................................... 117 Model Limitations ........................................................................................................................................... 119 Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 121 vi List of Figures Figure 1: NCPC Parking Policy Map ............................................................................................................................ 2 Figure 2: Map of Suggested New NCPC Parking Ratio Policies ................................................................................ 9 Figure 3: Map of Expected Land Use and Transportation Changes in the Region (2016-2030) ......................... 14 Figure 4: Change in Accessibility to Jobs by Automobile (2016-2040) .................................................................. 15 Figure 5: Change in Accessibility to Jobs by Transit (2016-2040) ......................................................................... 15 Figure 6: Current and Future Commute Mode Shares Across the Region ............................................................. 16 Figure 7: Evolution of Parking Policy Nationally ....................................................................................................... 18 Figure 8: NCPC Parking Policy Milestones ..............................................................................................................