The New Start and the Implications for National Security
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
S. HRG. 111–897 THE NEW START AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR NATIONAL SECURITY HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JUNE 17; JULY 15, 20, 27, 29, 2010 ( Printed for the use of the Committee on Armed Services VerDate Aug 31 2005 11:31 Apr 18, 2011 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6011 Sfmt 6011 Y:\BORAWSKI\DOCS\65071.TXT JUNE PsN: JUNEB THE NEW START AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR NATIONAL SECURITY VerDate Aug 31 2005 11:31 Apr 18, 2011 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6019 Sfmt 6019 Y:\BORAWSKI\DOCS\65071.TXT JUNE PsN: JUNEB S. HRG. 111–897 THE NEW START AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR NATIONAL SECURITY HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JUNE 17; JULY 15, 20, 27, 29, 2010 Printed for the use of the Committee on Armed Services ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.fdsys.gov/ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 65–071 PDF WASHINGTON : 2011 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Aug 31 2005 11:31 Apr 18, 2011 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 Y:\BORAWSKI\DOCS\65071.TXT JUNE PsN: JUNEB COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES (Before July 22, 2010) CARL LEVIN, Michigan, Chairman ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia JOHN MCCAIN, Arizona JOSEPH I. LIEBERMAN, Connecticut JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma JACK REED, Rhode Island JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama DANIEL K. AKAKA, Hawaii SAXBY CHAMBLISS, Georgia BILL NELSON, Florida LINDSEY GRAHAM, South Carolina E. BENJAMIN NELSON, Nebraska JOHN THUNE, South Dakota EVAN BAYH, Indiana ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi JIM WEBB, Virginia GEORGE S. LeMIEUX, Florida CLAIRE McCASKILL, Missouri SCOTT P. BROWN, Massachusetts MARK UDALL, Colorado RICHARD BURR, North Carolina KAY R. HAGAN, North Carolina DAVID VITTER, Louisiana MARK BEGICH, Alaska SUSAN M. COLLINS, Maine ROLAND W. BURRIS, Illinois JEFF BINGAMAN, New Mexico EDWARD E. KAUFMAN, Delaware COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES (After July 22, 2010) CARL LEVIN, Michigan, Chairman JOSEPH I. LIEBERMAN, Connecticut JOHN MCCAIN, Arizona JACK REED, Rhode Island JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma DANIEL K. AKAKA, Hawaii JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama BILL NELSON, Florida SAXBY CHAMBLISS, Georgia E. BENJAMIN NELSON, Nebraska LINDSEY GRAHAM, South Carolina EVAN BAYH, Indiana JOHN THUNE, South Dakota JIM WEBB, Virginia ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi CLAIRE McCASKILL, Missouri GEORGE S. LeMIEUX, Florida MARK UDALL, Colorado SCOTT P. BROWN, Massachusetts KAY R. HAGAN, North Carolina RICHARD BURR, North Carolina MARK BEGICH, Alaska DAVID VITTER, Louisiana ROLAND W. BURRIS, Illinois SUSAN M. COLLINS, Maine JEFF BINGAMAN, New Mexico EDWARD E. KAUFMAN, Delaware CARTE P. GOODWIN, West Virginia RICHARD D. DEBOBES, Staff Director JOSEPH W. BOWAB, Republican Staff Director (II) VerDate Aug 31 2005 11:31 Apr 18, 2011 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 Y:\BORAWSKI\DOCS\65071.TXT JUNE PsN: JUNEB C O N T E N T S CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF WITNESSES THE NEW STRATEGIC ARMS REDUCTION TREATY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NATIONAL SECURITY JUNE 17, 2010 Page Clinton, Hon. Hillary Rodham, Secretary of State ............................................... 5 Gates, Hon. Robert M., Secretary of Defense ........................................................ 10 Chu, Hon. Steven, Secretary of Energy ................................................................. 14 Mullen, ADM Michael G., USN, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff ............. 18 SUSTAINING NUCLEAR WEAPONS UNDER THE NEW STRATEGIC ARMS REDUCTION TREATY JULY 15, 2010 Schwitters, Hon. Roy F., Ph.D., Chairman, Jason Defense Advisory Group, and S.W. Richardson Foundation Regental Professor of Physics, University of Texas at Austin ................................................................................................ 96 Anastasio, Hon. Michael R., Ph.D., Director, Los Alamos National Laboratory 101 Miller, Hon. George H. Ph.D., Director, Lawrence Livermore National Labora- tory ........................................................................................................................ 110 Hommert, Hon. Paul J., Ph.D., Director, Sandia National Laboratories ............ 119 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW STRATEGIC ARMS REDUCTION TREATY JULY 20, 2010 Miller, Hon. James N. Ph.D., Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy ............................................................................................................... 192 D’Agostino, Hon. Thomas P. Administrator, National Nuclear Security Admin- istration, Department of Energy ......................................................................... 199 Chilton, Gen. Kevin P., USAF, Commander, U.S. Strategic Command .............. 203 INDEPENDENT ANALYSES OF THE NEW STRATEGIC ARMS REDUCTION TREATY JULY 27, 2010 Foster, Dr. John S., Jr., Independent Consultant ................................................. 280 Miller, Franklin C., Independent Consultant ........................................................ 284 Payne, Dr. Keith B., Professor and Head, Graduate Department of Defense and Strategic Studies, Missouri State University (Washington Campus) ...... 285 Pifer, Ambassador Steven, Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy Center on the United States and Europe, and Director, Arms Control Initiative, the Brookings Institution ............................................................................................................. 292 (III) VerDate Aug 31 2005 11:31 Apr 18, 2011 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 Y:\BORAWSKI\DOCS\65071.TXT JUNE PsN: JUNEB IV Page CONTINUE TO RECEIVE TESTIMONY ON THE NEW STRATEGIC ARMS REDUCTION TREATY JULY 29, 2010 Gottemoeller, Hon. Rose E., Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Verification, Com- pliance, and Implementation, Department of State .......................................... 344 Warner, Hon. Edward L., III, Ph.D., Secretary of Defense Representative to Post-START Negotiations, Department of Defense ...................................... 349 VerDate Aug 31 2005 11:31 Apr 18, 2011 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 Y:\BORAWSKI\DOCS\65071.TXT JUNE PsN: JUNEB THE NEW STRATEGIC ARMS REDUCTION TREATY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NATIONAL SECURITY THURSDAY, JUNE 17, 2010 U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES, Washington, DC. The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 9:33 a.m. in room SD– 106, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Senator Carl Levin (chair- man) presiding. Committee members present: Senators Levin, Lieberman, Akaka, E. Benjamin Nelson, Bayh, McCaskill, Udall, Hagan, Begich, Burris, McCain, Inhofe, Chambliss, Thune, Brown, Burr, and Col- lins. Committee staff members present: Richard D. DeBobes, staff di- rector; and Leah C. Brewer, nominations and hearings clerk. Majority staff members present: Madelyn R. Creedon, counsel; Richard W. Fieldhouse, professional staff member; and Jessica L. Kingston, research assistant. Minority staff members present: Christian D. Brose, professional staff member; Michael V. Kostiw, professional staff member; and Daniel A. Lerner, professional staff member. Staff assistants present: Paul J. Hubbard, Hannah I. Lloyd, Brian F. Sebold, and Breon N. Wells. Committee members’ assistants present: James Tuite, assistant to Senator Byrd; Christopher Griffin and Vance Serchuk, assistants to Senator Lieberman; Nick Ikeda, assistant to Senator Akaka; Greta Lundeberg, assistant to Senator Bill Nelson; Ann Premer, as- sistant to Senator Ben Nelson; Patrick Hayes, assistant to Senator Bayh; Tressa Guenov, assistant to Senator McCaskill; Jennifer Barrett, assistant to Senator Udall; Roger Pena, assistant to Sen- ator Hagan; Lindsay Kavanaugh, assistant to Senator Begich; Amanda Fox, assistant to Senator Burris; Jonathan Epstein, assist- ant to Senator Bingaman; Halie Soifer, assistant to Senator Kauf- man; Anthony Lazarski and Rob Soofer, assistants to Senator Inhofe; Sandra Luff, assistant to Senator Sessions; Clyde A. Taylor IV, assistant to Senator Chambliss; Andy Olson, assistant to Sen- ator Graham; Jason Van Beek, assistant to Senator Thune; Erskine Wells III, assistant to Senator Wicker; Brian Walsh, assistant to Senator LeMieux; Scott Clendaniel, Scott Schrage, and William Wright, assistants to Senator Brown; Kevin Kane, assistant to Sen- ator Burr; and Ryan Kaldahl, assistant to Senator Collins. (1) VerDate Aug 31 2005 11:31 Apr 18, 2011 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 Y:\BORAWSKI\DOCS\65071.TXT JUNE PsN: JUNEB 2 OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR CARL LEVIN, CHAIRMAN Chairman LEVIN. Good morning, everybody. Today the Armed Services Committee begins hearings on the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START). I would like to welcome our witnesses: Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, Secretary of Energy Steven Chu, and Admiral Mi- chael Mullen, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It’s a real pleasure to have all of you with us this morning. This, I think, is Secretary Chu’s first appearance before the com- mittee. I believe it is. In any event, you get a special welcome for that. The New START that is before us today is an important treaty that will, as Admiral Mullen said earlier this month, make our Na- tion more secure and advance our core national security interests. This treaty is in keeping with a long tradition of bilateral, verifiable arms control agreements with Russia and its