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Queens Gardens Heritage Appraisal

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Queens Gardens Heritage Appraisal Queens Gardens Heritage Appraisal Prepared for Hull City Council July 2019 Executive Summary A Brief Overview of the Report Queens Gardens was constructed in 1935 as a new park at the heart of the city. The park was built on the site of Queens Dock, once the largest dock in Britain. The site has provided a focal point for the people of Hull for over 230 years since the dock opened in 1778. The gardens were built to provide refuge from the noise, smell, grime and bustle of business life. Queens Gardens was refurbished and lowered by architect Frederick Gibberd in 1950 to create a dock like character. Located within the city centre, Queens Gardens is sited adjacent to Hull College and enjoyed by hundreds of thousands of visitors a year. This report has been prepared to support and guide proposed improvement and enhancement works to Queens Gardens. It documents Queens Gardens’ heritage assets, analysing hard and soft landscape elements, existing features and historic map information. The Heritage Appraisal brings together Fiona Green’s historic landscape research with our own site analysis, presenting the findings through appropriate illustrations, diagrams and written text. Revision Description By Chk. Date - First Draft for comment and approval CM LHu 30.07.19 A Revised following receipt of comments from HCC SH LHu 04.11.19 2 Executive Summary Section 2 - Appraisal of Historic Designed Landscape 3 The Overall Significance of the Site Heritage Significance • Queens Gardens is of considerable interest having been re- designed to its present form by Frederick Gibberd, one of England’s most distinguished 20th-century architects and landscape architects. • The gardens are believed to be one of only two surviving examples of Frederick Gibberd’s design for civic gardens. • The gardens are a rare example of a post-war garden designed to include sculpture. • The preceding layout of the gardens was described by The Gardeners’ Chronicle in 1935 and said to include the largest illuminated fountain in the country (retained by Gibberd). • The gardens have played an enduring role in providing amenity space for the community of Hull since the 1930s. • The site is adjacent to Hull’s Old Town Conservation Area. • The gardens are close to buildings designed by Frederick Gibberd & Partners during a relationship of over 20 years between the practice and the City of Hull. • Since 1935 the gardens have been the location of a monument to William Wilberforce (1759 - 1833), Grade II listed. Key Policies for Conservation Proposals to improve the site should seek to conserve the historic layout and features and enhance Queens Gardens to current access standards and improve the link between the Maritime Museum and North End Shipyard. Funding for Queens Gardens falls outside of the NLHF ‘Hull: Yorkshire’s Maritime City’ application. However, works to the southern dock walls and the pedestrian link between the Maritime Museum and North End Shipyard are considered important in the success of the NLHF project. These improvements will provide a link for visitors to connect people with heritage in a safe, inviting and fun manner that will benefit the local economy and surrounding businesses. This will encourage wider community involvement in the future care and maintenance of Queens Gardens, which will help protect its future. Executive Summary 5 Contents Contents Section 1 Introduction 8 Section 2 Appraisal of Historic Designed Landscape 12 Section 3 Landscape Analysis 40 Section 4 Statement of Significance 60 Section 5 Chronology 66 Section 6 Sources 69 Section 7 Appendices 70 Contents Section 1 Introduction 1.0 Authorship of the Plan This Heritage Appraisal was prepared and led by Southern Green Ltd, with support from Carl Lewis, Hull City Council Project Manager, and a team of specialist heritage consultants overseen by Purcell Architects, as detailed below: Client Hull City Council Principle Designer/ Architect Purcell Landscape Architect Southern Green Ltd Project Management Hull City Council Structural Engineer Mason Clark Associates M&E Engineer TGA Engineering Interpretation Designer Haley Sharp Design Arborist SPI Ecology SAP Ecology Garden Historian Fiona Green 8 Section 1 - Introduction 1.1 Scope of the Report This Heritage Appraisal is designed to inform the conservation, repair, use, management and possible alteration of this important green space within the city centre of Hull. The document assesses and sets out what is important about the buildings and landscape and their significance based upon readily available information. The information gathered is then considered in an assessment of cultural significance, for the site as a whole and for its various parts, and then summarised to form a statement of significance. The purpose of establishing the importance of the site is to identify and asses the attributes which make a place of value to our society. Once significance is understood, informed policy decisions can be made which will enable that significance to be retained, revealed, enhanced or, at least, impaired as little as possible in any future decisions for the site. A clear understanding of the nature and degree of the significance of the feature will not simply suggest constraints on future action. Instead it will introduce flexibility by identifying the areas which can be adapted or developed with greater freedom. Using the data that has been collected from detailed research, a set of policies, or guidelines, have been established that will inform the conservation, repair, management and use of the gardens according to best conservation practice. 1.2 Gaps and Limitations Any further information which becomes available after the completion of this report should be acknowledged by the client and incorporated into future revisions. 1.3 Other Documents This report links to NLHF H:YMC RIBA Stage 3 Design and Access report: • HYMC-SGR-XX-RP-L-0001-S2-P02_Design and Access Report Section 1 - Introduction 9 1.4 Study Area Located within the city centre, Queens Gardens is located between Hull Maritime Museum and Hull College. The gardens are enjoyed by hundreds of thousands of visitors a year and the site hosts events during the summer months. 1.4.1 Conservation Areas The study area borders the Hull Old Town Conservation Area. Hull Maritime Museum Guildhall Road forms the southern boundary of Queens Gardens which demarcates the start of the Conservation Area and wraps around the outer extent of the Rose Bowl to the west. 1.4.2 Listed Buildings Queens Gardens is surrounded by a number of significant listed buildings: Grade II* 1. Hull Maritime Museum Guildhall 2. Guildhall Grade II 3. Bonding Warehouse 4. Wilberforce Monument 1.4.3 Registered Park Queens Gardens is not included on Historic England’s Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest. Bonding Warehouse 1.4.4 Ownerships, leases and covenants Queens Gardens is owned and maintained by Hull City Council. Wilberforce Monument 10 Section 1 - Introduction North End Shipyard Hull College 4 Queens 3 Gardens Hull 2 Maritime Museum 1 Hull Minster New Bridge Crossing Fruit Market The Deep Humber LEGEND Study Area Key route from Paragon Interchange Conservation Area Maritime Interpretation Route Section 1 - Introduction 11 Section 2 Appraisal of Historic Designed Landscape 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Commission Fiona Green was commissioned by Southern Green to provide an appraisal of the historic designed landscape at Queens Gardens as part of the Heritage Appraisal report commissioned for Hull City Council 2.1.2 Acknowledgements Thanks are due to the Gibberd Garden Trust for providing copied drawings of the water garden at Harlow New Town. 12 Section 2 - Appraisal of Historic Designed Landscape 2.2 History of Designed Landscape at Queens Gardens 2.2.1 Queens Dock Queens Dock was instigated in 1773 to combat smuggling after an ultimatum from the Commissioner of Customs who was concerned about the loss of dues which the Crown was entitled to. 1 The dock was the earliest dock in Hull and was completed in 1778. It was also the largest inland dock in Britain at the time. 2,3 The structure was designed by Henry Berry of Liverpool and John Grundy of Lincolnshire assisted by Luke Holt as engineer. 4 The dock was entered through a lock from Queens Dock basin and amounted to 10½ acres of water and 14½ acres of land. Alfred Smith’s plan of Hull (1823) shows the ‘Old Fig. 1. Plan of Kingston upon Hull with the environs A. Smith 1822-23 1 Alston H.F. (1959) Queens Gardens Kingston upon Hull Journal of Town Planning Institute March pp. 93-95 2 ibid. 3 Notes by Andrew Knight for Hull Public Art Dock’ and remaining sections of the town walls (fig.1).5 Strategy. Hull City Council n.d. Following a visit by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1854 the dock 4 Hull City Council Economic Development was renamed Queens Dock. The dock became redundant when larger and Regeneration Department. Masterplan Guidance, Queens Gardens Hull 2013. modern docks were built at the Riverside Quay in 1907 and the King 5 Smith, A. 1822-23 Plan of Hull with the George Dock in 1914. Environs Section 2 - Appraisal of Historic Designed Landscape 13 Fig. 2 Design for laying out Queens Dock 1879 2.2.2 The Queens Gardens Scheme In 1879, plans were made to fill the dock but there were proposals to retain some water in the basin to create ‘Venice in Hull’ (figs. 2 and 3). The scheme was to retain a link to a waterway which ran underneath Monument Bridge and towards Dock Street. Plans were submitted by an architect T. Brownlow Thompson but rejected due to cost. 6 In the aftermath of the Great Depression the 1930s, a period of renewal in the British planning system commenced.
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