The Agro-Biodiversity Initiative (TABI)
End of Phase 2 Report (July 2012 – March 2017)
The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI) is a SDC project implemented jointly by the Lao Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and NIRAS Sweden AB. The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017) List of Abbreviations
ABD Agrobiodiversity AES Agro-Ecosystems CBD International Convention on Biological Diversity CC Climate Change CDE Centre for Development and Environment (University of Bern) CU/SO Coordination Unit/Support Office DAFO District Agriculture and Forestry Office DFRM Department of Forest Resources Management (in MONRE) DOF Department of Forestry DOPC Department of Planning and Cooperation (MAF) FALUPAM Forest and Agricultural Land Use Planning, Allocation and Management FLUMZ Forest and Land Use Management Zoning GoL Government of Lao PDR IUCN The International Union for Conservation and Nature LNFC Lao National Front for Reconstruction LUP Land Use Planning LWU Lao Women’s Union MAF Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry MEA Multilateral Environmental Agreement MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MPI Ministry of Planning and Investment NAFES National Agriculture and Forestry Extension System NAFRI National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan NGO Non-Government Organisation NTFP Non Timber Forest Product NUOL National University of Laos PAFO Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SP subProject SPA subProject Agreement TA Technical Assistance TAG Technical Advisory Group
1 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017) TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 BACKGROUND ...... 4 2 INTERVENTION STRATEGIES PHASE 2 ...... 5 3 KEY TABI RESULTS PHASE 2 ...... 6 3.1 ABD LIVELIHOOD OPTIONS ...... 6 3.1.1 Income generation ...... 7 3.1.2 Capacity development ...... 8 3.1.3 ABD awareness and education ...... 8 3.1.4 ABD Livelihood Options ...... 8 3.2 PARTICIPATORY FOREST AND LAND USE PLANNING ...... 10 3.2.1 FALUPAM Coverage and beneficiaries ...... 11 3.2.2 FALUPAM Results and Impacts ...... 11 3.2.3 Monitoring of plan implementation (FLUMZ monitoring) ...... 12 3.2.4 Capacity development ...... 13 3.3 ABD KNOWLEDGE CAPITALIZATION AND MANAGEMENT ...... 13 3.3.1 Databases ...... 13 3.3.2 Communication Materials ...... 14 3.4 ADVOCACY, POLICY AND MAINSTREAMING OF ABD ...... 14 3.4.1 GoL Policies, Strategies and Plans ...... 14 3.4.2 Three categories of Forests review ...... 15 3.4.3 Adoption of ABD tools and awareness raising ...... 15 3.4.4 International exposure ...... 15 3.5 DEGREE OF ACHIEVEMENT OF PLANNED OUTCOMES OBJECTIVES ...... 15 3.6 DEGREE OF ACHIEVEMENT OF PLANNED OUTPUT OBJECTIVES ...... 20 3.7 RESULTS REGARDING CROSS-CUTTING THEMES GENDER, ETHNICITY & INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE ...... 20 4 MANAGEMENT AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ...... 22 5 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT & PARTNER CONTRIBUTIONS ...... 24 5.1 ACTUAL FUND UTILIZATION COMPARED TO PLANNED ...... 24 5.2 PARTNERS’ CONTRIBUTIONS TO TABI ...... 25 5.3 COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF ACHIEVED RESULTS ...... 25 6 LESSONS LEARNT ...... 27 6.1 CHANGES IN IMPLEMENTATION CONTEXT AND IMPLICATIONS FOR DEGREE OF ACHIEVEMENT...... 27 6.1.1 Evaluation of Assumptions/Risks ...... 27 6.2 LESSONS LEARNED FROM TABI PHASE 2 ...... 29 6.2.1 Main factors contributing to successes and failures ...... 29 6.2.2 Key implementation challenges and efforts made to overcome these ...... 30 6.3 MOVING INTO PHASE 3 OF TABI ...... 33 APPENDIX 1: SUMMARY OF TABI SUBPROJECTS (SPAS) IMPLEMENTED FROM THE START OF TABI 34 APPENDIX 2: SUMMARY OF TABI SMALL ACTIVITIES (SAAS) DURING PHASE 2 ...... 37 APPENDIX 3: DATA ON LAND USE CHANGES AFTER FLUMZ FOR ALL VILLAGE CLUSTERS ...... 41 APPENDIX 4: ACHIEVEMENT OF PHASE 2 OUTPUTS ...... 43
2 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Technical Assistance and staff provided by NIRAS (and CDE), in TABI Phase 2 ...... 23 Table 2: Fund utilisation for TABI phase 2 ...... 24 Table 3: Government staff assigned to and working in TABI during phase 2 ...... 25 Table 4: Analysis of original risks at log-frame objective levels...... 27 Table 5: Challenges and efforts to overcome these ...... 30
3 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
1 BACKGROUND The Agro-Biodiversity initiative (TABI) is a programme funded by the Swiss Development Cooperation (SDC) and implemented under the planning department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF). NIRAS Natura1 has been entrusted with the responsibility to support and facilitate the implementation under mandate agreement with SDC. This is the final report for the second phase of the TABI programme. The aim of the AgroBiodiversity Initiative (TABI) is to leverage the country’s rich agro-biodiversity into a mechanism that realizes development goals in the near term without jeopardizing future capacity to do the same, based on the assumption that the concept and practice of agro-biodiversity can play an important role in supporting farmers to respond and adjust to the rapidly changing contexts. It seeks to conserve, enhance, manage and sustainably utilize the biological diversity found in farming landscapes in order to improve the livelihoods (being food, income and materials for use) of upland farming families in Laos. TABI phase 1 lasted from 2009 to 2012 and was designed on principles drawn from the implementation of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEA), such as the International Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The major thrust set out for in the start of TABI was to support the Lao PDR in implementing the specific CBD aspects related to food, nutrition, dietary diversity, hunger and poverty reduction. Phase 2 continued the work from phase 1 but with a slightly revised goal and focus: “To contribute to poverty alleviation and improved livelihoods of upland communities through sustainable management and use of ABD in multi-functional landscapes”. The refocus consisted of working more with the integration of ABD principles into national strategies and plans, rather than CBD and other global initiatives, by developing ABD-based livelihoods options and sustainable forest and agricultural land use planning. The intention is to build an evidence base that could lead into improved policies and strategies as well as improved livelihoods and management of land and ABD resources. Phase 2 is built around 5 Outcome (with 18 Outputs): Outcome 1: Options for ABD-based livelihoods are designed, demonstrated and applied by upland farming communities and other stakeholders. Outcome 2: Participatory Forest and Land Use Planning ensures village agricultural land and forest resource tenure and sustainable management Outcome 3: Baseline data collection and analysed, integrated spatial planning and ABD knowledge management and exchange tools support evidence based decision making. Outcome 4: Government policies promote ABD conservation and sustainable use, and land management, for improved food security and livelihoods in upland communities. Outcome 5: Partner institutions incorporate and use ABD-focused tools and concepts for uplands livelihoods development. This report focuses on the achievements, results and impacts of TABI during its’ second phase in relation to the targets set in the LFA. It also summarises learning and experience gained during the implementation period (2012 - 2017). Details of activities and use of resources are presented in annual reports from the respective implementation years.
1 The mandate agreement for TABI was signed between SDC and NIRAS Natura AB. During the implementation NIRAS Natura was merged into NIRAS Sweden and is, by the time for the preparation of this report, renamed to NIRAS Sweden AB.
4 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
2 INTERVENTION STRATEGIES PHASE 2 TABI does not advocate a ‘menu’ driven approach, but rather an iterative approach where (a) new tools and methods are developed based on experience and lessons learned, and (b) new products, issue and activities are considered as they arise or are proposed. The intervention strategy under Outcome 1 is to develop and support partners to implement feasibility studies and subProjects (SPAs) which use extension, applied research, demonstrations and other initiatives that engage men and women farmers in indigenous agriculture, management, domestication and harvesting, processing and marketing of NTFPS and other forest product, and aquatic resources. A crucial part of this intervention strategy is the development of staff capacity to develop, draft, implement and monitor activities. The intervention strategy for Outcome 2 is to implement participatory Forest and Agriculture Land Use Planning and Management (pFALUPAM) in village clusters, using tool-based but flexible approaches rather than a set ‘manual’. Regulations and top-down forest categories are not the starting point, but rather the current and traditional land uses and forest management form the foundation of the improved forest/land use management plans. Formal capacity building sessions are followed by intensive engagement of staff in field implementation, including good use of satellite imagery and GIS mapping systems, and ensuring maps are as understandable/ intuitive as possible, allowing village and local GoL agencies to understand and uses the information. Outcome 3 strategy includes the conduct of field surveys to gather baseline ABD data, presenting the data using geospatial and other information tools, using the information and other secondary data to inform work planning and the policy discourses, and rationalizing the communication tools, being (i) quarterly newsletters, (ii) subProject Portfolio, and (iii) two websites (TABI and LUP websites). The strategy under Outcome 4 is one of constructive engagement in policy dialogue at different levels, both through formal forums such as sSWGs, and informal advocacy as opportunities arise, based on evidence from field work and lessons emerging from Outcomes 1, 2 and 3. The strategy under Outcome 5 is to continue to proactively engage a wide range of GoL staff in all project activities, with a focus on enhanced professionalism, and commitment to both details and results. In addition, by the proactive support to ABD initiatives at the local level, TABI is able to leverage support the support of local administrations to include ABD aspects into the plans and strategies.
5 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
3 KEY TABI RESULTS PHASE 2 During phase 1 and 2, TABI received considerable attention among decision makers both at national and local level. The TABI project is seen by stakeholders as highly relevant in supporting positive links between agro-biodiversity and rural livelihood, food security and land use planning particularly in increasing the diversity and resilience and thus providing additional coping strategies, particularly for vulnerable groups. The first phase of TABI was focused on developing methods and tools for land use planning and for identification and development of the innovative subproject Agreement (SPA) modality to promote agro- biodiversity activities that uses demand-driven extension to encourage farmers, groups and organisations to assess and realise potentials for ABD-development, in a ‘Contract’ format. Phase 1 demonstrated positive achievements both in terms of livelihoods and land-use planning. During the second phase, both the SPA and the land-use planning were consolidated and further out-scaled. Focus during this phase was on implementation, outreach and data collection. During Phase 2, TABI received requests to support land-use planning and allocation in 7 additional Provinces. This led to out-scaling of the pFALUPAM approach developed under TABI, far beyond what was expected, with positive impacts on livelihoods and natural resource management. Data have been gathered from the field activities and compiled in data bases. A number of information products have been developed, including commodity information, manuals and guidelines and some research papers. This section summarizes the key overall TABI results of phase 2:
3.1 ABD LIVELIHOOD OPTIONS This has been a separate outcome in phase 2 and had been built around the implementation of subprojects (called SPAs). In addition there have also been smaller activities implemented under a scheme called SAAs (Small Activity agreement), which typically have been more focused work such as surveys, feasibility studies, evaluations, monitoring, etc.
Map 1: Number of SubProjects carried out per district in Phase 2
6 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
During the phase, (depending on how one counts), nearly 100 subprojects have been carried out within 12 thematic areas, involving more than 80,000 households in 1,500 villages in 4 provinces. These SPAs are both for income generation and non-commodity SPAs such as awareness raising, curriculum development, etc. The objective of this outcome has been to develop ABD based livelihood options, and currently 25 different options have been developed. These sub-projects have resulted in improved production, increased food security, enhanced nutrition, increased income and better integration with markets. While some SPAs have been terminated (due to biophysical constraints, support given by other organizations, lack of extension staff, etc.), the majority of the initiatives are continuing. Thus, the undertaken activities are either continuation of promising models with proven benefits, or new activities that show potential Around 25% of the SPAs have been implemented by women and 55% jointly by men and women. Further, nearly all SPAs have been implemented by the management of PAFOs or DAFOs, only a few by other GoL agencies and none by the private sector.
3.1.1 Income generation At least 8,400 households have benefitted from increased incomes as a direct result of TABI, and these are only the ones for which data has been collected. It would be fair to say that many more have also benefitted financially from TABI. Collected data shows that for the SPAs with the purpose of generating income, this has far superseded the monetary inputs from TABI by a factor of 4 to 5. Income figures are always difficult to verify, but it is clear that the TABI inputs have contributed to income generation which is many times more than the actual input. This shows the potential in ABD livelihood options as well as verifies that the SPA model is a cost efficient tool to support livelihoods development.
Map 2: Generated income from SubProjects per district in Phase 2
7 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
3.1.2 Capacity development A crucial part of supporting ABD-based livelihoods is the development of staff capacity to develop, draft, implement and monitor activities through the SPAs. TABI’s efforts to engage Provincial and District staff in the full process through mentoring and on-the-job training in combination with various workshops, has resulted in increased partner staff capacity and some of the SPAs are now self-sustained. As a mean to further outscale the SPA-modality, the production of a basic tool (manual in Lao language) on design, management and implementation of ABD based SPAs has been initiated with the expectation to contribute to the SPA-modality during and after the end of TABI. In addition to increased staff capacity for SPA- management, technical knowledge and skills in specific areas has also increased substantially among both villagers and staff, through technical training on specific subjects such as broom grass making, honey production, mushroom growing, etc.
3.1.3 ABD awareness and education SPAs do not only cover income generating activities such as crop and livestock production. SPAs that focus on other issues such as awareness raising of ABD and traditional knowledge and practices have also been an important part of TABI. Seeing that ABD related knowledge resides mostly among the adult population there has been an effort through TABI Phase 1 and 2 to increase children’s awareness, knowledge and skills on the importance of ABD in livelihoods by recording traditional knowledge and incorporate it into a curriculum that is made available to and used by school children. Local curriculum on problems of biodiversity and the importance of biodiversity were developed and printed in collaboration with teachers during Phase 2. An Activity Manual on Skills in undertaking local livelihood activities, especially handicrafts and foods which rely on ABD, were also developed and provided some very tangible results in the form of e.g. the multiplication of indigenous fruit-tree gardens, such as makjong (pear), makkhai (prune) and fish breeding extension of the native carp. The curriculum has been confirmed, approved, and used in 4 Districts in Xieng Khouang and are together with ABD-related school activities resulting in increased awareness among children.
3.1.4 ABD Livelihood Options During the course of phase 2 more than 20 ABD based livelihood options have been developed and tested. These can be grouped into 10 major groups depending on the type of activity. The following is a brief description and assessment of each of them: 1. Indigenous Rice This contains activities on e.g. “Little Chicken Rice”, Black Sticky Rice, Khao Hom and development of seed production chain. The rice activities show good potential, being a staple crop with an increased demand on high quality rice in the country and abroad. Challenges include establishing reliable seeds production chains and extension support. 2. Organic Vegetables TABI has supported this in Luang Prabang and Xieng Khouang, but to a lesser degree recently as other projects have moved in with support. Good potential as demand for clean products is ever increasing, especially for the tourism market in LPB. Challenges include technical difficulties in combating pests and insects.
8 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
3. Native livestock Activities have includes support to native chicken and pigs in all provinces. Especially chicken has very good potential being something of a staple and in high demand. The challenges are to develop value addition as most animals are sold ad-hoc to traders coming to the villages. 4. Native Fruits TABI has supported activities on indigenous oranges and bananas in most provinces, especially Luang Prabang and Hua Phan. Activities have been very popular and spread to neighbouring farmers and villages, seeing the potential in native fruits, which fetched a better price than imported ones. There is a good demand for clean fruits both incountry and regionally. Market access is a bit of a problem for more remote areas. 5. Industrial Tree Crops This includes activities on e.g. coffee plantation and coffee mixed with a coverage of chestnut trees (Hua Phan). This is an agroforestry system still under development but as demand of coffee is increasing it will be a viable livelihood option. Challenges include climate change, and scale (coffee producers need to form associations to reach a sustainable market). 6. NTFPs, Agroforestry and Village Forestry This is a broad category including the management and harvesting of many types of NTFPs (bamboo, medical roots, broomgrass, orchids, etc.). It also includes management of village use forests, forest fire control and management of natural tea forests. Depending on NTFP there’s big potential for income generation. For instance broomgrass, and bamboo shoot processing. Other NTFPs, such as mushrooms and medical roots also has potential but are more difficult to manage. Challenges here include, value addition, sustainable management and harvesting, etc. 7. Wet rice paddy development TABI has supported a few activities in developing small scale traditional weirs to harvest water for paddy development in Luang Prabang. Whereas it has been demonstrated that villagers are willing to open new paddy land, the cost and construction of the weir is a challenging factor. 8. Land use/Soil improvement TABI has supported activities in various intercropping techniques with main crops, such as maize in order to improve the soils and recovery of the land. Although there’s a definite need for this types of interventions in the norther uplands the challenge is to fundamentally change behaviours and seek longterm benefits versus shortterm gains (as in intensive monocropping). 9. Aquatic Resources for food and income TABI has supported various types of aquatic resources development and management such as native shrimp, fish raising in rice fields, crispy river weeds and fish conservation zones.
9 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
All aquatic resources developed show good potential, being important nutrionwise and attractive for the market. Management of fish and shrimp reserves have seen an increase in yields and incomes. The challenges here include the destruction of habitats due to pesticide pollution and development of hydropower. 10. Insect husbandry TABI has supported beekeeping and honey production in all provinces during phase 2. This is also a good livelihood option as Laos can produce real wild honey which is in demand but there many technical challenges to overcome as well as market access in some areas.
3.2 PARTICIPATORY FOREST AND LAND USE PLANNING A new innovate and participatory methodology for carrying out Forest and Agricultural Land Use Planning and Management (FALUPAM) was developed during phase 1 and further tested and refined during phase 2. It has now been carried out in 9 provinces, most intensively in the original target provinces of TABI (Luang Prabang, Xieng Khouang and Hua Phan). The methodology, including the technical tools have been continuously improved as lessons have been learned over the life of the phase and is currently documented in a draft manual.
Map 3: Area in hectares which is covered by FALUPAM plans
10 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
3.2.1 FALUPAM Coverage and beneficiaries By the end of phase 3, pFALUPAM has been carried out benefitting more than: 22,000 families, or 120,000 people in 200 villages Whereas implementation started in the three target provinces of TABI, during 2014 it was further expanded to 6 other provinces using an additional credit from SDC. More than 700,000 hectares have been planned for with another 90,000 currently under planning. The majority of plans have been carried out by TABI together with DALAM, but a number of other projects have also shown interest and are implementing in their areas with advice from TABI/DALAM. There have been an ever increasing demand from local authorities to carry out more land use planning as they see positive results and a real purpose with the plans. The immediate results are positive with signs showing that the planning has led to a more stable, equitable and climate resilient utilisation of natural resources. There are also signs that agricultural productivity has increased as a result of implementing the plans. This will be studied and evaluated in phase 3.
Map 4: Number of people and households covered by pFALUPAM
3.2.2 FALUPAM Results and Impacts One of the main difference between pFALUPAM and other conventional LUP methodologies is that is focusing on a thorough understanding of current land use practices which in upland areas means shifting cultivation. FALUPAM hence focuses on stabilising and managing rotational cultivation using a landscape approach, covering several neighbouring villages at the same time. The results leads to a zonation of upland fields where joint annual zones are set aside for cultivation each year. 11 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
The changes in shifting cultivation patterns as a result of pFALUPAM – from a scattered cultivation system to a collective zonation system – are clearly visible in the landscape. This collective zonation system has led to important benefits in terms of a clear reduction in wild fires due to better coordination and collaboration between the households when clearing and cultivating areas in the zone. The reduction of wild fires has also eliminated conflicts related to fire spreading to the plots of other families. In addition, the increased collaboration between households in regards to fence building and land demarcation have decreased the amount of labour needed in some villages. Looking at the resulting data i.e. current land use vs planned land use under FLUMZ, one can clearly see that the plans emphasise ecological preservation (increase of forest areas), improved agriculture (less upland areas and more permanent fields) and a formalisation of other land uses (putting other land use types into either forests or agriculture), as shown in the following graph:
450000 400000 350000 300000 250000 Current 200000 Plan 150000 100000 50000 0 Forest Upland Permanent Other
Graph 1: Changes in land use types after land use planning in TABI areas (hectares) The graph above shows the changes in land use after carrying out land use zoning, compared to the current situation. For instance out of the 700,000 hectares under planning, 350,000 was current forest and 400,000 is classified as forest land in the plan.
3.2.3 Monitoring of plan implementation (FLUMZ monitoring) The zonation of land use zones (called Forest and Land Use Management Zoning – FLUMZ) is the last step of the pFALUPAM process and aims to develop land use management plans based on the actual land-use and future land-use aspirations of villagers. The compliance with the FLUMZ plans seems to be high in terms of keeping within village boundaries and not expanding into forest conservation areas, as well as following the annual zones. Verification of this and to follow up the actual use and results of the pFALUPAM in the field, FLUMZ monitoring has been carried out in the past two years. It has been undertaken through a combination of field survey and satellite image analysis. The result is an estimation of the use of the proposed zoning and thus the actual results of the pFALUPAM in the field. FLUMZ monitoring has so far been undertaken in 60 villages and the results from the monitoring are being prepared to be published during Phase 3. The FLUMZ monitoring offers an opportunity to make in-depth follow up of the compliance with the plans and in a next step the actual effects of land-use planning on agro-biodiversity and livelihood. Initial results shows that the longer it has been since the FLUMZ was done, the better compliance. This has to do with the varying quality of land during the first few years (varying ages of fallow from previous scattered cultivation). One can also see that ethnically homogenous villages comply better than mixed
12 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017) villages, where different ethnic groups tend to use separate areas. Strong and committed village leadership also plays a major role in the success of implementation (of any activity).
3.2.4 Capacity development The intensive implementation of FALUPAM over the past 5 years have led to steadily increased capacity of GoL staff to conduct pFALUPAM, as they have gain experience and become more confident in the methodology and tools. This goes for all levels of staff, from central to district level. It is also clear that the participatory nature of the planning, taking place over a couple of months, has given villagers a better understanding and ownership of the plans. Ensuring mapping and resulting maps are understandable to both villagers and local GoL agencies, and reflects the realities and potentials of upland landscapes is also a crucial feature. The land use maps have proven important tools for the effective visualization and negotiation of land allocation within the villages as well as between villages. The maps, which are readily available in the communal meeting house of each village, also contribute to an understanding of the different uses of the fallow system in contact with government officials. This has contributed to an increasing recognition of the fallow system. During year 5, villages signboards in durable material (steel) has been erected in some villages.
3.3 ABD KNOWLEDGE CAPITALIZATION AND MANAGEMENT A wealth of data and information (including baseline ABD data, spatial data and maps) have been collected by TABI during phases 1 and 2, through SPAs and pFALUPAM related activities. The ultimate objective of the data collection is, in addition to guide and document implementation, to create a basis for analysis, and to develop an evidence base of the inter-linkages between ABD management/protection, livelihoods and ecosystem services. Much documentation of ABD-based livelihoods has already been presented through a variety of communication tools, being (i) newsletters, (ii) sub-Project Portfolio, (iii) two websites (TABI and LUP websites) and others. A great amount of maps and geospatial tools have also been developed, laying out the foundation for additional analysis and knowledge capitalization of Phase 3.
3.3.1 Databases Baseline data and follow up data (end lines) of NTFPs, livelihoods, aquatic resources, land use etc. has been collected through SPA and pFALUPAM activities, as well as via specific ABD surveys and feasibility studies conducted by TABI and partners, often as part of preparation for SPAs. In addition to primary data TABI has collected and sorted secondary data from agricultural census and similar sources. During Phase 2 most of the data have been cleaned and is currently stored in a server at the TABI office. The data is made available upon request, but plans are to create an open ABD portal in phase 3. The databases are regularly updated whenever a new dataset has been collected. The most comprehensive databases are the NTFP database, the wood database, and the GIS database with data from land-use planning. As of end of phase 2, the NTFP consisted of roughly 1800 entries and the wood database 1300 unique wood species, varieties and vernacular names. The GIS database contains an impressive collection of numerous detailed data on rivers, roads, points of interest, village boundaries, satellite, topographic and current and future land use boundary files. As of phase 2 the TABI GIS database contained data from 225 villages in 9 provinces – 225 with base maps (satellite and topographic map), 192 with the current land use and forest, and 143 with the forest and land use mapping zonation.
13 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
3.3.2 Communication Materials A number of knowledge products, based on TABI-generated results, spatial products and lessons learned have been collated and disseminated over the years through a different range of media formats and forums. Much of these knowledge products have during Phase 1 and 2 focused on the documentation of ABD-based livelihoods, and of the SPA- and pFALUPAM methodologies and tools. This has contributed to the awareness and adoption of TABI methods/tools, a high request from non-target Provinces and Districts for implementation support, and ultimately the impact on the number of households far beyond what was initially expected. Some of the most requested knowledge products include the TABI SPA Profiles (from year 2) and the Mini SPA Profiles (from Year 3) which are available on the TABI website. The profiles are classified under themes (such as “indigenous rice”, “Land Development and Management”, “Ecotourism” etc.) and provide brief information about the theme, their expected outcomes on ABD management/protection and on livelihoods and ecosystems, and further information on each individual subproject. In addition to the SPA profiles, so called “ABD Product Profiles” are being developed. The ABD Product Profiles document the most promising options for ABD management, providing information on their biology, agro-ecology, occurrence, productivity, utilization, processing, marketing and economic potential. Some 20 profiles are under development, with the intention that they will be used to further out-scale the techniques to new areas by GoL agencies, other development partners and the private sector. Several posters, summarizing lessons learned about the potential of certain ABD products have also been used in order to raise awareness of important ABD species. Other knowledge products aiming to raise awareness of ABD among a wider audience include the production and distribution of the TABI Notebook, and The ABD Calendar (2015 and 2016) to mention a couple.
3.4 ADVOCACY, POLICY AND MAINSTREAMING OF ABD The mainstreaming of ABD into policies and strategies as well as the practical adoption of ABD-tools and methodologies (such as the SPA-modality and pFALUPAM) is important to sustain what has been achieved through TABI. A first step to changes in policy and practice is the change of perceptions regarding ABD and in particular of shifting cultivation. This is a long-term process, in particular as there are competing interests for the use of land, i.e. the push for agricultural modernisation through large scale investments. Nevertheless, showcasing TABI’s important impacts on ABD management/protection, livelihoods, and ecosystems at the local level, has starting to bear fruit both in terms of awareness and changes in practices and in policy.
3.4.1 GoL Policies, Strategies and Plans One important strategy to raise awareness of ABD, as an important step to gain support for ABD in national policies and strategies, has been that of constructive engagement in policy dialogue at different levels. While Phase 1 initially was based on supporting the CBD Secretariat in coordination and implementation of the CBD and facilitate the NBSAP process, it was soon realized that a more effective focus would be on GoL’s own policies and legislation through active participation in Sector Development Platforms and Sub- sector Working Groups. Combined with a proactive support to ABD initiatives at the local level, TABI has been able to leverage support of local administrations to include ABD aspects in their plans and strategies. At the provincial and district levels this has led to an emphasis and a stronger focus on ABD in their long term visions/strategies and action plans. For example, the Xieng Khouang PAFO Strategy to 2015 and Vision to 2030 include various references to ABD.ABD and TABI lessons learned have also been incorporated into at least 3 District strategies in Xieng Khouang and 2 Districts in Luang Prabang.
14 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
3.4.2 Three categories of Forests review TABI has also provided more targeted advocacy to specific processes related to the land and forestry laws, MAF’s vision/strategy document and the Upland Development Strategy, among others. TABI’s advocacy on upland livelihoods based on ABD was instrumental in prompting the National Assembly’s request that relevant GoL agencies review and re-delineate the 3 national forest category maps, based on the real situation on-the-ground taking into account upland land use by local communities. A pilot re-delineation conducted by TABI, covering the whole of Luang Prabang Province, was well received by district and provincial authorities. Based on this success, the World Bank and the Environmental Protection Fund agreed in principle to fund implementation nationwide using the TABI methodology.
3.4.3 Adoption of ABD tools and awareness raising TABI advocacy has also influenced other Donors and GoL Departments to adopt TABI methods and tools in their project designs and/or implementation. For example, MoNRE’s Department of Forest Resource Management (DFRM), in cooperation with the ICBF Project, intends to include ABD and pFALUPAM considerations in its plans for interventions in its two project landscapes in Khammouane and Bokeo/Luang Namtha; the recent ADB support to MoNRE’s Department of Environmental Quality Promotion (DEQP) for Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) through the GMS Core Environment Program included efforts to ensure ABD considerations in the conduct of SEAs; and the GEF funded Agro-Biodiversity Project (UNDP, FAO,MAF), used TABI as a the basis for its design. Most recently, the KfW-funded project Village Management Forestry Project (VMFP), have incorporated pFALUPAM as land-use planning method which will form the basis for following project activities. The connections that have been forged between TABI and these Development Partners will be capitalized on in Phase 3.
3.4.4 International exposure Some of the information and experiences collected through Phase 1 and 2 have already been capitalized on, contributing to the debate on traditional land use practices. For example, TABI authored a book chapter on its pFALUPAM approach entitled “Putting upland agriculture on the map: The TABI experience in Laos”, for the book “The Policy Environment in which Shifting Cultivation Takes Place: Trying to Get it Right2” (working title). The book chapter builds on TABI experiences of pFALUPAM, and contributes with evidence of the importance of shifting cultivation practices for ABD management/protection and rural livelihood, advocating for reality-based national forest zonation that acknowledges shifting cultivation. The book chapter, has attracted attention from science – policy actors involved in furthering the debate on traditional land use practices within the CBD. This is an important window of opportunity which will be seized for further connecting with international (as well as national) stakeholders in Phase 3.
3.5 DEGREE OF ACHIEVEMENT OF PLANNED OUTCOMES OBJECTIVES This section describes the degree of achievement of Phase 2 against the targets set out in the LFA of the programme documents for phase 2, at outcome level. Output level achievement is found in annex 4. The overall Programme Goal is stated as: To contribute to poverty alleviation and improved livelihoods of upland communities through sustainable management and use of ABD in multi-functional landscapes. The following table shows the degree of achieving the programme level impact indicators as of end of
2The book is the second book on issues around shifting cultivation edited by Dr. Malcolm Cairns, former Fellow, and Centre for Southeast Asian Studies (CSEAS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, JAPAN. His first book has found great recognition in the SC community.
15 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017) phase 2. Note that these indicators refer to the whole project, not only phase 2. Hence they should continue to be measured in phase 3.
Impact Indicator 1: ABD-based livelihood options lead to increased income of at least 18,000 households (men and women), of which at least 20% increase directly benefiting women Collected data shows at least 8,400 households have increased income either directly or indirectly (but not all SPAs have had this type of data collected). If this has not been achieved, it is because the focus of TABI is on (i) piloting and demonstration, and (ii) food security.
Impact Indicator 2: 50% of poor households in target districts with improved food security
This is difficult to assess, as no food security data has been gathered for the whole target Districts
Impact Indicator 3: 570,000 hectares of agricultural and forest lands are under FALUPAM agreements - of which 50% have formal land tenure documents - and being sustainably managed for ABD assets by communities. 700,000 ha by end of year 5 have FLUMZ plans, most of which are recognized by local authorities. Formal land tenure has not been possible to achieve due to unclear land policies, but the FALUPAM plans themselves constitute a strong measure of tenure
The following tables shows the degree of achieving outcome indicators
Outcome 1: achieved Options and systems for ABD-based livelihoods are designed, demonstrated and applied by nearly development partners and upland farming communities. not Outcome 1 Indicators Description of achievement by end of phase 2 At least 35 livelihood options 22 livelihood options are recommended for adoptions by SPA are recommended for adoption recipients. by SPA recipients.
At least 18,000 households are About 80,000 households in about 1,500 villages participated and benefiting by livelihoods options benefited to varying degrees. developed/advanced with TABI support, in at least 60 communities. At least 30% of ABD livelihood 5 of the 22 Options (22 %) are designed for and implemented mainly options are designed for and by women, while another 15 (68 %) are implemented jointly by men implemented by women. and women (and thus only 10% by/for men).
16 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Outcome 2: Participatory forest and land use planning ensures village agricultural land and forest resource tenure and sustainable management..
Outcome 2 Indicators Description of achievement by end of Phase 2
At least 9,000 households in 114 22,000 Households in 200 villages are now managing - to various villages are managing 570,000 degrees – 700,000 ha of zoned forest and agricultural land, under hectares of agricultural and plans either approved by or recognized by local authorities. forestry land (in 2 target A further 1,956 households in 24 villages, are in the process of provinces) under government developing land use plans for a further 92,000 ha. approved land use plans. 4,500 households are member While a pilot for the implementation of community land titling was of village groups formally started in 2 villages, with 112 HHs, in Phoukodt District of XKH allocated land tenure (via Province in year 2, this was not completed, as there was/is communal land titles). overwhelming demand to do more basic FALUPAM in other villagers, and this diverted staff away from CLT piloting. In addition, the experience has been that FLUMZ maps and plans developed via FALUPAM are so appreciated by both villages and local stakeholders and reflect a mutually agreement on land management and tenure, that it is as good as CLT that is: CLT may not be necessary in places where FALUPAM has been done properly and fully No land concessions in target No land concessions have been granted in villages which have areas/villagers without villager participated in the FALUPAM process. consent However, there are already existing land concession in TABI FALUPAM villages, which are accommodated into the FLUMZ plans. As far as TABI CU/know, there is currently one land concession being planned, or at least proposed, in a landscape that TABI has supported FALUPAM – and that is Chomphet District, Luang Phabang. To date, the potential concessionaires plan is villager and ABD friendly.
FALUPAM approach becomes Before becoming a National Strategy, a majority of key stakeholder part of the national land need to understand and agree in the process - and attaining this management strategy consensus is a key focus of TABI Phase 2 – and well underway While all Provinces and Districts which TABI work very much appreciate and agree with the pFALUPAM approach and process’s, at the Central level there is not so obvious – mainly because Central personnel do not work directly with the landscapes, villages and villagers of the FALUPAM areas.
17 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Outcome 3: Baseline data collection and analysis Integrated spatial planning and ABD knowledge management and exchange tools support evidence based decision-making... Outcome 3 Indicators Description of achievement by end of Phase 2
The ABD and spatial baseline The data is available on request to any interested persons or and information, focused on agencies. However, it is not yet ‘openly’ available on the website, or any NTFPs, aquatic and wildlife, other format and SE is openly available. Feedback from a diverse No specific mechanisms for such feedback are in place; group of partners and Dissemination of contents and results takes place through communication with experts; stakeholders (at least 15 civil Feedback (which demonstrates the usefulness etc.,) is often received society organizations, 15 from a range of civil society organizations, government agencies, and government agencies, and 15 private sector groups, such as: private sector groups) society organization that have provided feedback, demonstrates the usefulness DECA of the reports, maps and SAEDA other products with ethnic PADETC and gender specific analysis CIDSE NTFP-EP for SSA Samdana Institute Vientiane Orchidee government agencies, Xieng Khouang PAFO Phongsali PAFO Luang Phabang PAFO DoF DFRM NAFRI private sector groups Lao Best group
At least 3 thematic or actor- The TABI website continues to be hosted by NAFRI, but managed by oriented platforms TABI CU/SO. As of year 5 it received 1,403,911 hits, which resulted in 905,848 page views by 268,722 visitors. However, in year 5, all of the established are actively used newly uploaded information was lost from the website, thus we to share and promote ABD assume that this has affected badly the use of the website. lessons. The Agrobiodiversity subSector Working Group was originally established by TABI, but has now been transferred to the responsibility of FAO and NAFRI. The land use planning platform has been migrated to Lao E- Government. However, no other project except TABI contributes to this ‘platform’, so it is not functioning as was expected.
18 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Outcome 4: Government policies promote ABD conservation and use, and land management, for improved food security and livelihoods in upland communities.
Outcome 4 Indicators Description of achievement by end of Phase 2
ABD based livelihoods and Laws: this has not been achieved, as the relevant laws – forestry and landscape management are land laws - have not yet been finalised still under consideration for many promoted in at least 4 laws years. and/or decrees. Not yet analysed to ascertain if ABD based livelihoods and landscape management are promoted in Decrees. At least 2 strategy documents Agriculture Strategy up to 2020: ABD is incorporated as: at the national level A development goal as “conservation of upland agro-ecosystem”. incorporate ABD. Mention of indigenous crops
MAFs Upland Strategy: ABD for nutrition and for income generation and ABD in FALUPAM is included in the Upland Strategy, or the Uplands Action Plan (as of June 2015). At least 3 implementing . National Assembly Notice Nr 217 on the need to re-survey and re- instructions incorporate ABD. delineate the 3 forest categories, giving due recognition to village agricultural land and forests.
. PMs Decree 15 is based on the protection and management of ABD ABD concepts and principles Various donor projects plan and attempted to work with the ABD are incorporated in at least 5 protection, enhancement and development, indirectly and directly - donor strategies although whether TABI has had an effect on these is hard to identify.
Examples of recent projects started, include: 1. The PAW/LENS fund (initiated in late 2014) 2. The KfW ICBF project (initiated in early 2015) 3. The GEF/UNDP ABP (started in 2013). 4. The new ADB strategy wrt their irrigation sector assistance now includes (i) fish passages in all irrigation weirs, and (ii) a focus on watershed management based on multi-functional landscapes
Outcome 5: Government policies promote ABD conservation and use, and land management, for improved food security and livelihoods in upland communities.
Outcome 5 Indicators Description of achievement by end of year 5
ABD and TABI lessons are 5 District strategies include ABD and TABI lessons learnt, > incorporated into at least 2 3 Provincial PAFO strategies: Xieng Khouang, Luang Prabang and districts and 2 provincial socio Houaphanh, incorporate ABD. economic development plans. MAF and MONRE allocate The amount of resources allocated is not known resources to ABD activities.
Promotion of greater gender Very broad indicator – it is not known what ‘plans’ this actually refer to equality and ethnic diversity is included in plans for the conservation and use of ABD.
19 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
3.6 DEGREE OF ACHIEVEMENT OF PLANNED OUTPUT OBJECTIVES Annex 4 lists all output indicators and their degree of achievement in detail. The degree if achievement is generally high, as the following graph depicts:
14
12
10
8 Achieved Partial 6 Not/NA 4
2
0 OC1 OC2 OC3 OC4 OC5
Graph: Number of output indicators achieved, partially achieved and not achieved (or not relevant)
3.7 RESULTS REGARDING CROSS-CUTTING THEMES GENDER, ETHNICITY & INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE This section elaborates on TABI phase 2 results in the areas of promoting and mainstreaming the transversal themes gender, ethnicity, and indigenous knowledge. Gender Gender equity is integrated into forest and land use analysis procedures, beginning with separate informant groups for understanding natural resource utilization, marketing and management, and land use. Forests and land use development priorities are also set separately by men and women. Unfortunately, most village land management committees are still dominated by men. Also, there’s few female staff working on land use planning, only about 10%. In terms of SPA management, about 20 % of the projects are managed by women, whereas about 30% are implemented mainly by women. Further, 55 % of the sub-projects are jointly implemented by men and women. All SPA agreements have built in gender aspects that needs consideration, such as labour division. Ethnicity This theme receives priority in the planning and implementation of SPAs, ensuring that both (i) ethnic groups get equal opportunity in subprojects and (ii) ethnic group concerns and perspectives are integral to the planning and implementation of sub-projects. Similarly, in forest and land use planning, the concerns and livelihoods of ethnic groups takes priority, and is a major reason for TABI proposing and demonstrating that significant modification are required in the forest and land use planning processes and methodologies, which has resulted in the pFALUPAM methodology.
20 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Indigenous Knowledge (IK): Indigenous knowledge is likewise a key component of TABI’s pFALUPAM methodology. In addition, more than 50 % of the sub-projects are based on the IK of participant communities, the sub-projects focusing on (i) raising the status and value of IK in the eyes of the government, and (ii) using this IK to raise the productivity of ABD resources. Governance: The implementation of the SDC transversal theme on governance is being addressed by: Improving land and forest governance by the pFALUPAM process; Improving forest and forest land governance by advocacy that has resulted in the National Assembly issuing a Notice to the GoL to resurvey and redelineate the 3 forests categories; and Improving financial governance by the promotion of professional administration of subProject and other funds. Human Rights: The implementation of the TABI transversal themes on Human Rights is being effected by: Advocacy that has resulted in the NA Assembly Notice re. 3 forests categories which specifically states that village agricultural production land and village forests must be recognized and not included in state forests, i.e., the human right to land and forest for food, shelter and income; Similarly, the advocacy for acceptance of shifting cultivation which is ‘managed and rotational’ also contains an element of the human rights of upland communities – i.e. their human right to produce food via a farming system which is adapted to their bio-physical environment. TABI plays a role in highlighting the value of aquatic resource to village livelihoods, and thus the need for fair compensation for losses due to hydropower, i.e. the human right to customary resources.
21 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
4 MANAGEMENT AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE NIRAS Natura AB of Sweden has been the holder of the SDC mandate for phase 2. Management support and technical assistance has been provided through 1) home office support, 2) long term advisers and 3) local support staff.
1: Management support and home office coordination, including; . Management support provided by the Managing Director for NIRAS Natura for overall high-level management issues; . Home office and local office support to the management and implementation of the programme; . Financial management support, provided by the NIRAS director of finance, to develop and maintain financial management system; and . Quality Assurance and management backstopping.
2: Long-term advisers, including; . Chief technical adviser (CTA), full-time international position based at the CU/SO in Vientiane. Terms of reference regulated in the mandate agreement. The tasks of the CTA is supported by the NIRAS local office backstopper in terms of programme management; . Two provincial advisers, full-time national staff, based in Luang Prabang and Xieng Khouang respectively; . One full-time contract management officer (CMMO) for handling the data registration and follow up of the sub-projects and TAGs (technical contracts to GoL and non-GoL staff for specific inputs).; . One full-time agrobiodiversity livelihoods adviser (ALTAT), who provided technical support to the subproject implementers; . One full-time Communal Lands Planning and Registration Officer (CPLRO) who’s ToR was revised in year 2 to work more on supporting the implementation of pFALUPAM and GIS . Short-term technical advisers, to support identified technical areas in the programme implementation.
3: Support staff and NIRAS local office support: . 10 local support staff was hired for full time (5 drivers, 2 peons, 1 communication officer, 1 financial officer and 1 secretary) . NIRAS office in Vientiane supported the CU/SO to undertake the financial administration of the TABI funds; . The local NIRAS office provides management support to the TABI CU/SO.
22 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Table 1: Technical Assistance and staff provided by NIRAS (and CDE), in TABI Phase 2
TA Position Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 name Long-term advisors 1 Chief Technical Advisor - TL Full-time full time full-time full-time full-time Chris Flint 2 Provincial advisor/facilitator - XKH full time Thongsavan Khamanichanh 2 Provincial advisor/facilitator - XKH full time full time full time full time Sengphanh Sayphoumie 3 Provincial advisor/facilitator - LPB full time full time full time full time full time Jemxay Tangseksanh 4 ABD Livelihoods Adviser full time full time full time full time full time Khamhung Soukhavady 5 Communal land planning adviser full time Bandith Chanthavong 5 Communal land planning adviser full time full time full time full time Kongkeo Sivilay Short – term advisers 1 Bee raising evaluation 2 weeks Jerome Vandame 2 SPA monitoring development 6 weeks Charles Ducher 3 Fish pass design for weirs 1 week Michel-Henri Bourge 4 Fisheries and Forestry communication 9 weeks Sean McNamara 5 Value Chain analysis KKN 3 weeks Sam Bona 6 TABI capitalisation 10 weeks Thiphavong Boupha 7 Redelineation of 3FC 2 weeks Iain Craig/Jonas Noven 8 Forest Carbon team 9 weeks Jeremy Ferrand, Yothin C 9 Drafting Phase 3 ProDoc 7 weeks Anne Pirotte 10 Drafting Phase 3 ProDoc 2 weeks Iain Craig Management Support 1 NIRAS Management Support 0,5 week 1,5 week 1 week 1 week Björn Hansson 2 NIRAS Local office support 4,5 mts 3,4 mts 3,6 mts 4,2 mts 1 mts Jonas Noven 3 Financial management backstop’g 2 weeks 2 weeks 0,5 week Dan Rubinstein 4 Quality Assurance 3 weeks 3 weeks 3 weeks 1 week 3 weeks Björn Hansson Administrative support 1 Finance management officer full time full time full time full time full time Liva Boulom
2 Contracts Monitoring/Management full-time full-time full-time full-time Syhavong Saypaseuth 2 Contracts Monitoring/Management full-time Manivanh Aliyavong 3 Secretary/Admin Officer full-time full-time full-time full-time full-time Khoantha Singthong 3 Communication/IT full-time full-time full-time full-time Vilaylack Khounvisith 4 Drivers (5), guard, cleaner full-time full-time full-time full-time full-time 7 persons CDE
Andreas Heinimann 1 Resident Advisor 24 weeks 24 week 20 weeks 20 week 22 week Cornelia Hett Vincent Roth 2 CDE HQ 3 weeks 6 weeks 4 weeks 5 weeks 5 weeks Messerli, Heinimann, Hett 3 Local GIS/DB 6 weeks 8 weeks 10 weeks 7 weeks 36 week Chorn 4 Local Researcher 10 weeks 12 week 16 weeks 5 weeks 4 weeks Vong 5 Online GIS spec 5 weeks 1 week 1 week 1 week Adrian Weber 6 Junior GIS/mapper Full time Full-time 43 weeks 33 week 18 week Mr Rasso Bernhard
23 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
5 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT & PARTNER CONTRIBUTIONS The original budget for phase amounted to USD 6,358,000 for four years. However during year 2 an additional credit was made available (USD 654,000) which went mostly to the expansion of FALUPAM to other areas of Laos. The phase was then extended for 9 months (year 5) until March 2017 making the overall budget USD 8,401,290 over 57 months.
5.1 ACTUAL FUND UTILIZATION COMPARED TO PLANNED Table 3 below shows the fund utilization during phase 2. During the phase all available funds have been utilized and a little more. The TABI budget is divided into two parts: one part funding the operations (TA service and management) and one part for implementation of activities – the Project Administrated Funds (PAF). The PAF budget is divided according to the outcome areas specified above.
Table 2: Fund utilisation for TABI phase 2
Budget part Phase 2 Budget Actual Expenditures Balance
TA Budget
Service Headquarters 169,170 156,652 12,608
Local Office 302,850 297,692 5,158
Long-term Experts 1,497,788 1,514,209 -16,421
Short term experts 62,850 65,796 -2,946
Local Support 846,072 857,817 -11,745
TA Sub total 2,878,730 2,892,075 -13,345
Administrated Project Funds
Outcome 1: ABD livelihoods 2,275,400 2,224,515 50,855
Outcome 2: S: Participatory LUP 1,506,058 1,775,677 -269,619
Outcome 3: Spatial data analysis 1,075,714 1,001,572 74,142
Outcome 4: Policy advocacy 340,238 200,917 139,321
Outcome 5: GoL Mgmt Capacity 325,150 311,135 14,015
PAF Outcomes sub-total: 5,522,560 5,513,817 8,743
TABI Phase II, Grand total 8,401,290 8,405,892 -4,602
Overall spending each year has been very close to the annual workplans. There have been agreements made each year during the annual steering meetings to reallocate funds between the outcomes (something which is not reflected in the mandate contract, but in each annual workplan). The reallocations has been based on actual expenditures each year and to accommodate increased focus and demands on land use planning, whereas the policy related outcomes (4) has had less spending.
24 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
5.2 PARTNERS’ CONTRIBUTIONS TO TABI MAFs Department of Planning contributes 4 full time staff and good office space. During year 5 TABI was given another room in the same compound to accommodate the increased land use planning team as well. Provincial Agricultural and Forestry Offices in Xieng Khouang, Luang Prabang and Hua Phan contribute office space and 2 full time staff, each plus full and 100% cooperation and facilitation as required. During the phase it became clear that each provincial office needed additional support in financial management, hence 1 additional person per province were hired to support the substantial financial workload in the provincial coordination offices. The respective PAFOs were the main partners at the important field levels, (see table 4 below).
Table 3: Government staff assigned to and working in TABI during phase 2
Government Staff input into TABI Names GoL Office 1 DoP (in C-CU/SO) 1.1 Co-ordinator Pheng Souvanthong Department of Planning, MAF 1.2 Admin Assistant Ketsalin Phachansithy Department of Planning, MAF 1.3 Finance Assistant Phathoumphone Southammavong Department of Planning, MAF 1.4 Technical Assistant Lakeu Vansy Department of Planning, MAF 2 PAFOs (in P-CU/SO) 2.1 Provincial Coordinator, LPB Mr Phounsavan Phanthavong Planning Office, PAFO 2.2 Prov Secretary/Admin, LPB Ms Phonethip Kusonsavath Planning Office, PAFO 2.1 Provincial Coordinator, XKH Mr Somkhouan Mittasy Planning Office, PAFO 2.2 Prov Secretary/Admin, XKH Ms Syamphay Souvanthong Planning Office, PAFO 2.1 Provincial Coordinator, HPN Mr Leecha Xaybeou Livestock section PAFO 2.2 Prov Secretary/Admin, HPN Ms Aphone Planning Office, PAFO 3 DALAM/PALAM 4.1 FLUPAM/GIS senior specialist Mr PhetshakhoneSoulygnaladth NAFES 4.2 FLUPAM senior specialist Mr Outhone Inthavisay NAFES 4.3 FLUP/GIS junior specialist Mr Panyasouk Keoleuxay NAFES
5.3 COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF ACHIEVED RESULTS TABI still has one more phase to complete before finalization and it remains to be seen at that stage the overall cost benefit of the programme. However there are already signs that the benefits of the programme justifies and outweighs the costs and investments made. Naturally it is difficult to value non-monetary benefits such as increased awareness of ABD, increased capacity etc, but it’s all part and parcel of the overall benefits that needs to be considered when making a cost-benefit analysis. Below is an assessment of a number of the benefits that needs to be considered:
At programme management level: TABI, due to its setup with a SDC mandate and 8 years of operation has a highly cost efficient management system compared with many other similar sized projects. The financial management and fund flow system is streamlined and decision making is rational. This means the programme can quickly respond to needs or changing circumstances, as well as quickly disburse funds to activity implementation avoiding delays and high overhead costs. TABI has also strived at using resources found incountry, thereby reducing the needs for extensive travel/dsa costs, which is also climate positive.
25 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
At field level In terms of project level investment in relation to results impacts and impacts it can already be seen that the income gained from income generating ABD livelihood activities is far higher than the investment made. This is especially true for high-value ABD products, where the project has by simple means helped enhancing product quality and value. The SPA/SAA modalities have also helped cost efficiency whereby partners are now used to the models which reduces the administrative burden. For land use planning activities have led to improved management of land, reducing labour needs, reduced incidents of forest fires, reduced livestock intrusions and at the same time increased the tenure security by establishing village boundaries and clear management zones in the villages. This also accounts for value of investment at a justifiable cost.
Human Resources and Capacity Plenty of GoL staff have been trained by TABI, both formally in training sessions but mostly on-the-job through carrying out real activities with technical support from TABI. This has efficiently increased capacity as people get to use their skills straight away in their normal workplace. There is a significant cadre of district and provincial staff with demonstrated skills in GIS/mapping and land use planning. Moreover, most SPA managers are district level staff who have gained experience in managing their own projects, including financial management and reporting. This is a valuable asset for future interventions or the future career of those staff.
Policy level TABIs results have been increasingly recognised by policy makers, and the project currently has strong support from policy making levels. ABD issues are now included in some district and provincial strategies, as well as in some national level strategies. This work will be further strengthened in phase 3. To have a positive influence on policies is certainly a result well worth the modest investment made.
Public Awareness Through various communication tools, such as webpages, newsletters, videos, radio broadcasts, events, calendars, and not least field level demonstrations, the general public awareness about ABD has increased in TABI target areas. Public support for ABD related livelihoods or indeed policies is another valuable result that would lead to sustainability of TABIs achievements.
26 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
6 LESSONS LEARNT 6.1 CHANGES IN IMPLEMENTATION CONTEXT AND IMPLICATIONS FOR DEGREE OF ACHIEVEMENT In order to respond to the rapidly changing socio-economic and environmental conditions taking place in Lao PDR, the Government has undergone a number of organisational changes in recent years, particularly in the agriculture, forestry and natural resource sectors. The major changes in MAF and MoNRE responsibilities that have been on-going for several years were finally brought about by Prime Ministerial Order 57 in July 2016. The order hands over responsibility for the management of all state forest categories from MoNRE to MAF, returns DFRM to MAF and transfers the National Committee for Rural Development and Poverty Eradication from the Prime Minister’s Office to MAF. MoNRE remains responsible for research and for drafting policy, law, and regulations on natural resources. MoNRE also retains responsibility for the management of land resources, including surveying, allocation and titling. These lengthy restructuring processes have had implications for agro-biodiversity management and some implications for the implementation of TABI Phase 2 as roles and responsibilities between and within ministries still are not clear. This has led to limited cross-sector coordination and collaboration which hampers coherent planning and decision-making. For instance decisions about how land use planning is conducted and carried out has been tweaked between the land management authority at MONRE and MAF. Sharing of information between ministries and having consistent data sets is also very weak. In relation to TABI this has resulted in challenges to institutionalize TABI systems and databases for future use. In addition to the changes in responsibilities between MoNRE and MAF, there has also been, at the onset of TABI 2, some internal restructuring within MAF in regard to its departments responsible for agricultural extension and agricultural land management. Of particular relevance to TABI was the establishment of the Department of Agricultural Land Management (DALaM) and the Department of Agriculture Extension and Cooperatives (DAEC – formerly NAFES). DALaM is responsible for all issues related to agricultural land, including agricultural land use mapping and planning. DAEC is responsible for agricultural extension services and also the establishment and strengthening of farmer groups and agricultural cooperatives. In particular the establishment of DALaM, that was designated as the main governmental counterpart for map production and storing, has posed challenges in regards to resources and capacity. Although the degree of achievements has not necessarily been impacted the Outcome focus had to be slightly adapted to these circumstances, focusing more heavily on local-level implementation (e.g. the spreading of pFALUPAM to non-target provinces) and piloting of many different SPAs.
6.1.1 Evaluation of Assumptions/Risks
Table 4: Analysis of original risks at log-frame objective levels.
Log-frame Objective statements Assumptions and risks Comments Outcome 1: - Low capacities of government staff - Yes, correct initially. However, to provide advice training of district staff during Options and systems for - Technologies not appropriate for Phase 1 and 2 has proven effective ABD-based livelihoods are food insecure farmers and lack of and many SPAs have been designed, demonstrated resources to scale out practices and applied by hamper adoption of SPAs more successfully outscaled. development partners and widely upland farming communities.
27 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Log-frame Objective statements Assumptions and risks Comments Outcome 2: - Insufficient funds to implement the - To some extent valid. However, Participatory forest and Community Land Titling program. community land titling was often land use planning ensures Plans that are developed are not not requested by the communities village agricultural land and followed by government agencies (due to various reasons). forest resource tenure and or communities - In some villages the sustainable management. implementation of plans have needed adjustments in practice
(e.g. due to too short fallows). However, most plans seem to be followed by the communities. Outcome 3: - Information is not presented in - Valid to some extent. Some of the formats which can be used by information such as product Integrated spatial planning different audiences and information profiles have been disseminated and ABD knowledge is not openly available. management and exchange and used by various audiences. tools support evidence However there is still a need to based decision-making. produce information that is designed to meet the needs of
different stakeholders. - Technical issues and human resources to manage webpages and other information sources have resulted in their temporary inaccessibility. Outcome 4: - Even a solid and normally- - Valid. Although the evidence base convincing evidence base fails to is being increasingly accepted, Government policies gain attention and appreciation stronger economic interests are promote ABD conservation from policy makers because of often prioritized. and use, and land competing interests management, for improved food security and livelihoods in upland communities.
Outcome 5: - Development partners and - Partially valid. Many donors are Partner institutions government agencies remain using their own concepts and incorporate and use ABD unable or uninterested to adopt methods (e.g. land-use planning tools and concepts for ABD concepts methods) and coordination uplands livelihoods between different projects and development programs are weak. Government agencies are often at the mercy of donor funding. However, TABI approaches such as the pFALUPAM have been requested by many District and Province officials and ABD- concepts incorporated into policy plans.
28 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
6.2 LESSONS LEARNED FROM TABI PHASE 2 This section overviews the key factors contributing to successes and failures of TABI implementation and describes main challenges encountered and measures taken to overcome these.
6.2.1 Main factors contributing to successes and failures Thematic approach: The thematic approach of TABI means that TABI is not so much linked to sectors, but rather themes, such as: Agro-Biodiversity, Agro-ecosystems, Forest and land use Planning, ethnicity & gender perspectives, incorporation and valuation of indigenous knowledge, and cross-sector communications via a wide range of media. This thematic approach has been developed from phase 1 and further emphasised in phase 2 and is now a major strength and reason for the success of TABI as it allows flexibility and room for innovation, and the uptake of initiatives as they arise or are presented Innovative approach to Forest and Agricultural Land Use Planning: As evidenced by the increased local demand for carrying out land use planning according to TABIs model, this is a model that takes it point of departure in a thorough analysis and understanding of the current land use situation and is truly participatory. This leads to a plan which is based on indigenous knowledge and local priorities where positive impacts are easy to realise. Monitoring results show that plans are largely followed because they represent an improvement to land village level land management. The use of Lao expertise in implementation Through the TAG system TABI is able to utilise experienced national expertise from both within and outside the Government system, in an on-demand basis. In both cases, the TA Agreement or Contracts have targeted ToRs and outputs required to trigger remuneration. Through this system a multitude of local experts have been involved within their own field of technical expertise leading to local ownership and institutional memory. Local ownership and responsibility; Following the development of detailed sub-project proposal, a contract is entered between TABI and the implementing partner, who is often a local level Government Agency. This SPA specifies that TABI will provide funds progressively to the implementing based on achievement of output and results specified in the SPAs Terms of Reference. Thus, funds advances will only be made if the activities already funded are conducted and reported well, and that funds are acquitted correctly. This brings a certain level of discipline and a ‘payment based on results’ approach to the public sector development process, which is an important capacity being built in the transition of GoL to being a service provider to the country and its people. Diversity of sub-Projects: TABI’s facilitation of a wide range of sub-projects focused on enhancing the status and productivity of ABD resources has a range of benefits, including: It enables TABI to facilitate activities and testing of ABD livelihood systems in the full range of AgroEcoSystems and ABD products; It increases the understanding of the “multifunctional landscape” as is part of the TABI objectives.
29 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Streamlined financial disbursement system: By having full control of the financial management it has been possible to for TABI to quickly disburse funds to activity implementation which operates on deadlines (be it seasonal activities, or GoL meetings/field visits). Limitation and Failures: Nearly all activities that have been cancelled or otherwise failed has to do with lack of human resources, or lack of commitment. These are not many, but there have been instances where SPAs or land use planning activities had to be cancelled due to resource constraints (or security risks as with the land use planning in Phaxay and Khoun). However the project has been able to quickly divert the funds to other activities instead, so there has been no loss of momentum. Another limitation has been the lack of involvement of central level agencies during this phase. This was somewhat part of the plan, to let phase 2 implement activities at local level, but there has been a lack of communication and dialogue with central level. This is now the focus of phase 3, to bring lessons, evidence and case stories to the attention of policy makers.
6.2.2 Key implementation challenges and efforts made to overcome these
Three key challenges (which are often reoccurring in development projects) can be mentioned:
- lack of resources and commitment; - limited/lack of partnerships with central level government, private sector and other projects/donors; - challenges of communicating positive aspects/possibilities of ABD.
These three key challenges are in large interdependent; the lack of human and financial resources has - together with increased emergence of economic development options and incentives that are contra productive to ABD - made it challenging to form fruitful partnerships, especially with central government levels and the private sector. This lack of partnership has furthered complicated the dissemination of ABD- information that is convincing and useful for higher level decision-makers. In addition they are crucial for the sustainability of project results and objectives beyond the project. While phase 1 and 2 of TABI seized momentum of the successful approaches developed under pFALUPAM and SPAs, these are challenges which will be given high priority during phase 3.
The table below demonstrates the specific challenges experienced under each outcome and the efforts taken to overcome them.
Table 5: Challenges and efforts to overcome these
Implementation challenges TABI 2 Efforts to overcome them Measures planned for Phase 3
Outcome 1: Options and systems for ABD-based livelihoods are designed, demonstrated and applied by upland farming communities and other stakeholders
The inherent ‘diversity’ of ABD, Piloted a large range of Phase 3 effort will be more concentrated comprises a fundamental challenge livelihood options/issues to by: identify the more successful selecting SPAs to be continued or in that it creates a wide range of ones to be developed in Phase discontinued, products and issues, with the risk of 3. (ii) focusing more intensively on fewer
30 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Implementation challenges TABI 2 Efforts to overcome them Measures planned for Phase 3 dispersing project resources and ABD products (possibly 5 to 10), efforts. (iii) identifying potential synergies among different ABD products and capitalizing on these, and (iv) working with selected government, NGO and private sector partners who specialize in specific ABD-products, other projects such as LURAS and existing farmer organisations.
Engaged Provincial and District Further engage Private Sector and staff in the full process through NGOs by focusing on key ABD mentoring and on-the-job products that private businesses are training in combination with already involved in. various workshops Where village interest exists, support A basic tool (manual in Lao the strengthening of ‘learning groups', language) on design, producer/marketing groups and Skills for ABD value chain management and cooperatives. management are challenging, and implementation of ABD based Identify capable government staff the private sector is not keen to SPAs was developed to with relevant expertise and create partner with government projects. contribute to the SPA-modality incentives to gain their support during and after the end of Increased attention to capacity TABI. transfer between external and local Technical training for both project staff through on-the job villagers and staff on specific training and active participation subjects such as broom grass making, honey production, mushroom growing, etc. Continue to emphasize local Emphasize village ownership by ownership. Activities such as value Lack of local ownership in some basing activities on a problem chain development, market group SPAs has hindered the monitoring solving, bottom-up approach establishment and community land of production and income. when addressing issues that titling will only be pursued when will ensure SPA-sustainability. requested or felt necessary by villagers.
Outcome 2: Participatory forest and land use planning ensures village agricultural land and forest resource tenure and sustainable management and applied by upland farming communities and other stakeholders
Greater focus on analysing and TABI staff has participated and spreading knowledge about the link presented the method in between pFALUPAM, livelihoods and sector working groups and The approach is recognized and ecosystem services; donor forums Communicating findings in a more requested by DAFO/PAFO but not Practical showcasing of the pedagogical manner. fully understood at higher levels method and its impacts. Connect DAFO/PAFO staff involved in and by other donors. Working on the pFALUPAM pFALUPAM with central level officials. Manual and presenting it to Participate in the re-newly formed task GoL. force on F/LUP
pFALUPAM is a new and complex Formal capacity building of More focused capacity development process, and lack of trained staff provincial and district level of DALaM staff and possibly including can be a constraint. GoL staff to conduct other organizations such as DoF and pFALUPAM has been followed MoNRE as well.
31 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Implementation challenges TABI 2 Efforts to overcome them Measures planned for Phase 3
by intensive engagement of Support to the integration of staff in field implementation, pFALUPAM and ABD into the including good use of satellite curriculum of the 5 Agriculture and imagery and GIS mapping Forestry Colleges. systems. This has resulted in a steadily increase in staff capacity to conduct pFALUPAM as they gain experience and become more confident in the methodology and tools. Piloting of “Rapid pFALUPAM” in Bountai District in Phongsaly Province, as an alternative to the more lengthy pFALUPAM. Capacity development at DALaM Outcome 3: Integrated spatial planning and ABD knowledge management and exchange tools support evidence based decision-making.
Data collection poses challenges Capacity building for Phase 3 will emphasize analysis and due to various reasons, with specialized personnel for data dissemination of existing information, potential impact on the quality of collection and recording. rather than on continued data data and its usefulness. Improved data collection collection. procedures, quality checks and recording systems. The large amount and complexity Project partner CDE has spent For Phase 3 a detailed communication of data poses challenges in a lot of resources on cleaning strategy has been developed specifying regards to data analysis and and categorizing the data, target audiences, evidence needed, information communication. preparing it for analysis. and what data that is available from TABI to produce such evidence. Involve NAFRI staff, as focal point for ABD, in the full analysis of data.
Data management. The wealth of Gradual hand over of the Capacity development and gradual information in the TABI database Land Use Planning GIS to handover of the databases to local is not used to its full potential. local partner (s) (e.g. DALaM) institutions will continue. Gradual hand over of the NTFP and wood databases to local institution (e.g. DoF; NAFRI) TABI Website and Partly managed by hiring an Gradually transfer TABI information communication forums in need IT/media officer and work (old and new) to the Lao hosted of improved closely woth NAFRI to keep platforms Lao 44 and LaoFab. management/updating. the website up and running In collaboration with NAFRI and FAO, develop a ABD portal and encourage a network of ABD- stakeholders to carry on the debate on ABD. Outcome 4: Government policies promote ABD conservation and use, and land management, for improved food security and livelihoods in upland communities. Fairly low understanding of ABD ABD-based livelihoods Analysis of the link between among stakeholders and what the presented through a variety of pFALUPAM, livelihoods and ecosystem
32 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Implementation challenges TABI 2 Efforts to overcome them Measures planned for Phase 3 concept fully entails. communication tools, being (i) services will be conducted. newsletters, (ii) sub-Project Continue dissemination of information Portfolio, (iii) two websites on the importance of supporting (TABI and LUP websites) and traditional land use systems for others. enhancing ABD-based livelihoods. A great amount of maps and Larger focus on interaction between geospatial tools have also stakeholders at different levels (local been developed to national). Participation in forums and Employ skilled knowledge facilitators sub-sector working groups for workshops and events.
Outcome 5: Partner institutions incorporate and use ABD tools and concepts for uplands livelihoods development
Donor community interaction and TABI has developed, tested and Completing and publishing the ABD coordination in Lao PDR is limited. refined a number of valuable Product Profiles in collaboration with tools for ABD conservation and NAFRI, DAEC and other partners. management which have been Finalize user-oriented manuals promoted in the field and in describing step-by-step how to various donor forums and sub implement ABD management tools. sector working groups. Forging closer cooperative links with other projects (such as SURAFCO, LURAS, VFI, GRET, WWF...) Increase the active participation in the sub-sector working groups, particularly the ABD Sub-sector Working Group and the Land Use Planning WG
6.3 MOVING INTO PHASE 3 OF TABI Building on the valuable capital built up during phase 1 and 2, phase 3 will see the consolidation of activities and a focus on knowledge management. Emphasis will be made to continue developing the most potential SPAs, institutionalise the FALUPAM model and create knowledge products and policy recommendations.
33 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
APPENDIX 1: SUMMARY OF TABI SUBPROJECTS (SPAS) IMPLEMENTED FROM THE START OF TABI
SPA Name District Funds P1 Funds P2 Villages HHs 1 Biogas Facilities Development Phoukout, Phaxay, Khoun, Kham, Pek 58 100 20 459 37 627 2 Bamboo shoot processing and bamboo mgmt Phoukout 4 009 28 997 8 223 Improvement of native shrimp propagation and participatory 3 management Ngoy, Xieng-Ngeun 16 148 3 953 6 709 4 Beekeeping and improved mgmt of natural bees Chomphet, Nambak 9 591 31 401 12 139 5 Orchid Domestication for Marketing Phoukout 5 034 3 659 2 17 6 Crispy Riverweed Khoun, Phoukoud, Pek 8 758 20 664 15 844 7 ABD management in Phoukoudt park Phoukout 9 438 11 048 4 496 8 Improved techniques for native pig and chicken Phonxay 28 455 6 612 21 158 9 Paddy land development & family weir improvement Phonxay 19 263 32 966 2 44 Agrobiodiversity Awareness Raising and Local Curriculum 10 Development Phoukout, Kham, Khoun, Pek, Thathom 77 562 31 658 21 6 436 Pak Ou, Xieng-Ngeun, LPB, Chomphet, 11 Development and promotion of organic vegetable production Phonxay 56 721 27 583 20 227 12 Promotion of NTFPs and Agroforestry at Nursery garden Phoukout 28 528 24 108 11 255 13 Promotion of Native Chicken Raising Phoukout 33 878 4 396 4 96 14 Broomstick and broomgrass Phonxay 15 646 3 327 4 78 Phoukoud, Khoun, Pek, Kham, Phaxay, 15 Improved technique for Native Poultry Raising Mok 33 784 40 666 Promotion of thysanolaena maxima plantation for flower shoots 16 and stems production Phoukout 764 1 4 17 Promotion of Araceae spp germplasm collection and plantation Phoukout 967 1 14 Promotion of local rice cultivar seed purity/quality and organic 18 production LPB, Xieng-Ngeun 4 494 4 83 Participatory reserve indigenous fish and sanctuary management 19 LPB 7 district 8 393 54 672 85 9 079 20 Market based Organic vegetable cultivation promotion Phoukout, Pek 7 924 14 995 4 76 Strenthening management for regeneration and conservation of 21 Natural Tea and NTFPs Nambak 11 761 16 733 6 543 Improved small scale of traditional weir and promoted paddy rice 22 production Viengkham 8 625 33 352 2 61 23 Promotion of Bee keeping and conservation of natural resource Viengxai 9 579 4 20 24 KKN Seed production chain development Xam-Nua, Viengxai 20 972 5 110
34 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
25 Local Bee Keeping Promotion Pek, Phoukout, Khoun 12 885 37 281 11 596 26 Villages forest recovery and forest fire control Phoukout 24 887 9 856 27 Local orange plantation promotion for market Phaxay 2 707 3 583 2 60 28 NTFP and Agroforestry and Nursery Phonxay 22 771 72 254 20 430 29 KKN Seed improvement and production promotion Pek, Phoukout 50 053 7 854 3 70 30 Fish raising in the rice field with ABD Conservation Xam-Nua, Viengxai 15 189 12 98 31 Promotion of Fish reserve for tourism Et, Sopbao, Viengxai, Xamtai 11 035 4 536 LPB, Chomphet, Nambak, Xieng-Ngeun, 32 CRW Processing and Marketing Viengkham 125 237 27 707 9 1 383 33 Chestnut Forest and Coffee Plantation Xamtai 15 914 2 136 34 Native Fish Sanctuary and Management Phonxay 15 213 4 200 10 1 025 Viengxai, Sam Nua, Sopbao, Sone, 35 Herbicides Insecticides Impact Management and Advertising Houanmeuang 55 967 87 9 497 36 Promotion of Markao Mixed wild ginger plantaion Xam-Nua, Houameuang 4 419 5 31 37 Promotion of Bee Keeping Et 4 865 1 10 38 Intercropping to improve short rotation of upland fallows Xieng-Ngeun 3 884 3 39 Et, Sopbao, Viengxai, Xamtai, Xam-Nua, 39 Native Shrimp and Fish conservation Hua Phan Khouan, Hiem 37 298 21 3 022 40 Local bee keeping in Phoukout District Phoukout 4 510 3 60 41 Local Native Fish and Prawn in Nam Ou River Ngoy 6 021 42 Forest Fire Control Phonxay, Chomphet, Nambak 37 373 31900 26 2 385 43 Organic Chili Cultivation Pek 13 127 5 122 44 Fish conservation Pak Ou, Chomphet, LPB 6 018 45 Fish conservation Viengkham 4 311 46 Native black sticky rice cultivation for pure seed collection Sopbao 12 445 6 60 47 Organic vegetable plantation Khoun 4 396 2 55 48 Local Medicine Knowledge strengthening Phoukout, Kham 13 395 19 486 10 1 216 49 KKN Seed production chain development Phoukout 12 458 6 116 50 Native Pig Sopbao 13 294 6 99 Intercopping maize with beans to improve short rotation upland 51 fallow Phoukout 1 686 2 24 52 Fish conservation Nonghet 5 159 4 184 53 Native orange Xam-Nua, Khouan 17 391 6 40 54 Study/compile all native vegetables Ban Ong centre Xam-Nua 1 904 55 Regeneration and conservation of Yan forest Phonthong 15 163 4 241
35 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
56 Indigenous upland rice conservation Pak-Ou, Phonxay 5 175 7 256 57 Fish conservation Phonthong 2 716 58 Native chicken Sopbao 4 741 4 45 59 Native banana Xiengkho, Sopbao, Et 13 511 8 111 60 NTFP domestication XN, Viengxay, Houameuang, Hiem 19 468 12 208 61 Fish conservation Phoukoud, Nong Het, Kham 20 166 20 2 039 62 Native Pig Chomphet 11 246 6 73 63 Native Banana and Orange Plantation Phoukout 14 436 11 99 64 Conservation & Management traditional medicine Chomphet 2 970 5 614 65 Coffee & Orange plantation Phaxay, Khoun 36 938 21 261 67 Herbicides & pesticides impact management Nonghet, Kham, Phoukoud 36 203 50 5 086 68 Fish raising in the rice field Phaxay 11 512 8 45 69 Legume intercropping in upland field Phoukoud, Kham, Nong Het 18 728 17 178 71 KKN Seed production chain development-XKH Hiem, Houamuang, X-N, VX, Sopbao 125 298 426 12 070 72 KKN Seed production chain development-HPN Phoukout, Pek, Phaxay, Khoun 119 307 182 11 777 74 Native Orange Nambak 15 462 8 30 75 Herbicides &Pesticides lmpact Management Awareness Raising Chomphet, Nan 19 603 9 1 319 76 Village Watershed Management with Regeneration of NTFPs Chomphet 6 051 1 44 77 Water Wheel Pump Xam-Nua 3 614 5 169 78 Management of Wild Tea and Yarn Khouan 15 591 5 487 79 Irrigation construction Phoukout 19 489 1 152 Conservation and Native Fish breeding at Sobhao Agriculture 80 technical service Sopbao 2 277 81 Phoukout Village Forestry, NTFP Development Program Phoukout 16 764 11 110 82 Pidgeon Pea cropping & insect raising Hiem, Xam Tai, Xieng ko 4 145 7 382 84 Fish feeding at Kangpor station Khoun 11 328 86 Commercial native rice production extention Mok 7 874 3 35 88 Management of Phousan Tea forest and tea forest plantation Pek 15 280 6 105 89 Reserve of Indigenous fish Xieng-Ngeun 3 665 12 1 665 90 Native beekeeping Viengxai 7 902 6 34 91 Native beekeeping Xam-Nua 5 912 9 49 92 Cardamom link to forest managament Bountai 4 608 2 57 93 Forest Fire Control Viengxai 3 112 4 317
36 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
APPENDIX 2: SUMMARY OF TABI SMALL ACTIVITIES (SAAS) DURING PHASE 2
Small Activities in Hua Phan Province (phase 2)
Hua Phan Location Partner Survey & data collection on KKN and seed multiplication at 5 districts 5 districts PAFO Participatory survey of fish catch, fish ladder effectiveness Et PAFO Native chicken raising on ABD management and conservation at 5 villages SobBao PAFO KKN cultivar and seed survey, 4 Districts 5 Districts PAFO Conserve/promote local banana for income generation. XiengKho/SobBao PAFO Management/regeneration of cardamom and Noloydin, SB and HM PAFO Promotion of weaving (rural lifestyle) , 4 villages XN,VX P.LWU PCO monitoring of April Survey of Aquatic Animals, in Nam Nern River HouaMeuang PAFO NTFP rapid inventory at 10 Districts of HPN 10 Districts PAFO Support tree crop planting for 10HHs Viengxai PAFO PCO monitoring of May Xamneua, PAFO KKN Seed Production Chain Development at 2 Districts (2016 ) Viengxai,Viengxai PAFO Tree plantation on monument cave area, Viengxai and Xamneua Xamneua PAFO Pigeon Pea + Sticklac insect, 4 villages, Xamneua XiengKho district VXiengKhoX & XN PAFO FIRF, 12 viIIages, XamNeua and Viengxai District, Houaphanh, (2016) Xamtai PAFO Support Fish conservation zone at 3 villages, XamDtai District. (11’15-4’16) XK, Et, Gn, Xone PAFO Herbicides Impact Management and Awareness, 28 Vill, 4 District, HPN Xamneua PAFO
Study on Indigenous Knowledge – bamboo-wood irrigation water wheel
Small Activities in Xieng Khouang Province (phase 2)
Xieng Khouang Location Partner Survey & data collection on KKN and seed multiplication at 4 districts 4 districts PAFO Data collection on herbicide impact at 3 districts, XKH 3 districts PAFO Crispy river weed production and quality improvement for marketing purpose Phoukodt LWU KKN cultivar and seed survey, 4 Districts 4 Districts PAFO Legume Inter/Cover Cropping in Upland (maize) Crop fields data collection 3 Districts PAFO Banana plantation for marketing Phoukodt DAFO Review status, management of Het Wai forest, and harvesting of Het Wai, Survey & design the new wet rice field at PK Phoukoudt data collection of new bee raising HHs Pay advance to Ban Mien on rattan selling Phoukodt Monitor Bamboo processing & revolving fund Phoukoudt DAFO Survey of medicinal plants in Medicinal Biodiversity preserve for 4 villages Kham ITM Technical Monitoring & Training on bee keepers Phoukoudt Nth Thai BKA PhouSun Tea survey Phoukoudt DAFO Compile native bean species, Khangpho Station Khoun DAFO Bamboo data collection Phoukoudt DAFO
37 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Survey on bee raising & data collection Pek DAFO Mushroom survey & data collection PK Phoukoudt DAFO KKN Seed Production Chain, 8 villages, at 4 Districts (2016) 4 Districts PAFO Wet Rice seed improvement, in 3 villages, Mok District (2016). Mok DAFO Native chicken raising and marketing, 3 GBs, Phoukoudt Phoukodt DAFO Promotion and Monitoring of Native Chicken raising in 4 Districts, XKH Khoun, Phaxai, DAFO Biogas management and promotion chicken raising in 4 districts Khoun,Pek, Viengkham Phaxai, PAFO Support of coffee and tea plantation in PhouXeo village, Phoukoudt Dist PhoukoudtPek, Viengkham DAFO Fish raising in paddy field, 5 viIIages, Phaxai District, XKH Province (2016) Phaxai DAFO Crispy river weed and sales data collection, 6 villages, 2 Districts Phoukodt, Khoun LWU-DAFO Native beans at Khangpho Station (2015) Khoun PAFO Native bean seed production, and orange plantation, KhangPho Station Khoun PAFO Data collection on bee raising, honey production and selling for 47 Village Pek DAFO Beekeeping study tour and sharing lesson re mulberries / silk worms Pek TABI VTE Promote of native chicken raising and marketing, in 5 Districts, PK, Pek, Px, Ko, PAFO Promotion of Native black Chicken Raising in 6 Villages, Mok District Mok PAFO Production of legume seeds (for use in inter and rotational cropping with maize) Khoun KhangPho Station Extension of 300 m irrigation pipe at Ban Langchong, Phoukoudt District Phoukoudt DAFO Expand and improve traditional medicine based on local plants at 10 villages, PK, Kham LNFC Monitoring Forest and Land Agriculture Use Planning in Kheung LongHang Phoukoudt DAFO Data collection and evaluation for Sustainable bamboo shoot processing Phoukhoun DAFO Village Forestry, NTFP + Agroforestry Management and Development, Phoukoudt Phoukhoun DAFO Phousan Tea Data collection (planning-selling) for 14 Villages in Pek Pek DAFO Participate of Coffee harvesting training Phaxai, Khoum DAFO Vietnam study tour on Orange plantation Phaxai, Khoun DAFO Coffee and Orange plantation advertising DIC Review and Strategy Planning Workshop - ‘Biodiversity curriculum’ Project. Ko, Ka, Pek, PK DECA Study and assessment of possibilities using biodiversity course in school Ko, Ka, Pek, PK DECA Incorporating biodiversity into technical school curriculum, XiengKhouang Province
Small Activities in Luang Prabang Province (phase 2)
Luang Prabang Location Partner NTFP/Wood Species survey at Phonesai Phonesai PTK Support capacity building to PTK staff Chomphet PTK Installation School Gardens for CP Chomphet PTK Installation Botanic Garden for CP Chomphet PTK water supply at Xam Or Chomphet Chomphet TABI LPB Fish passage survey, LPB Louang Pabang PAFO Upland rice cultivar seed improvement Ponsai, PakOu DAFO,PEC Support crop seed for DAFO of Phonesai Phonesai DAFO Intercropping to improve short rotation of upland fallows Yan forest conservation in Phonthong (GB Meuang Heup) Phonthong DAFO
38 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Teak garden management Nan RAREC water supply data survey at Xam Or Chomphet Chomphet LWU Mushroom survey & data collection CP Chomphet LWU Training for Mushroom CP 1st Chomphet LWU Training for Mushroom CP 2nd Chomphet LWU Mushroom Monitoring, 5 villages Chomphet. Chomphet LWU Fish passage survey, Luang Prabang District. Luang Prabang PAFO Drafting of FALUPAM 6 GB Profiles Phonexai, FALUPAM Chomphet Evaluation & data collection on upland rice yield production at 7 villages. Phonexai & PakOu PAFO Assess watershed management, integrate with NTFPs domestication Chomphet DAFO Monitoring & data collection, Organic Vegies. PakOu, CP & PX PAFO CRW Monitoring & data collection. 4 Districts PLWU Chomphet mushroom monitoring. Chomphet PLWU PAFO Monitoring & Support to SPAs. 8 Districts PAFO SCV Study tour at Xayaboury 4 Districts Irrigation S. Promotion of Organic Vegetables 5 Districts, Luang Prabang, phase VI. Phonsai PAFO Broomstick training and production planning, 4 vill’s Phonexai D, LPB Phonsai DAFO Broomstick training in Kiew Nya GB, Xieng Ngern District. Xieng Ngern DAFO Rattan and wild ginger plantation, 8 target villages, Phonexay, LPB Phonsai DAFO Demonstrate improved Inca bean gardens, 3 villages, Chomphet Chomphet DAFO Support in natural mushroom growing in five villages Chomphet LWU
Mushroom growing and forest mushroom harvest, 5 Vill, Chomphet Chomphet Training in mushroom cultivation in 5 Villages, Chomphet District, LPB Chomphet DAEC Assist villagers construct upland field/forest access roads. Chomphet Chomphet DAFO
Survey and set up FCZ below Nam Khan hydropower dam, Xiang Ngern Xieng Ngern DONRE
Small Activities at Central level and Other locations (phase 2)
Central & other Location Partner Market and Taxation survey for Phonesai & Phoukodt Phonesai, DECA KKN SPA development for XKH-HP ARC ARC Office operation to DALaM DALaM DALaM Development of Phonesai NTFP DECA DECA Development a presentation of IM plant HITM HITM KKN Training ARC ARC Purchasing honey jars for group production XKH&LPB TABI TABI Printing sticker of honey jars for group production TABI TABI Supporting forest improvement & community library DECA DECA Drafting and compilation of FALUPAM GoomBan Profiles (3 GBs), HPN Hua Phan DALaM Drafting FALUPAM Manual/Tools DALaM Review of FALUPAM Manual MONRE SIM digitizing for Rivers, Streams and Roads of 5 Target Village Khamkeut DALAM, Faculty of Forest Sciences study tour Vientiane FFSMAF (NUoL)
39 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
CAP training for Penang, Malaysia Penang DECA FRC-NAFRI-ABD Product Profiles Provinces NAFRI FRC-NAFRI-NTFP DB Analyze Provinces NAFRI Traditional medicine training for SPA XKH Phoukoudt ITM TABI Website development, Maintenance TABI NAFRI
40 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
APPENDIX 3: DATA ON LAND USE CHANGES AFTER FLUMZ FOR ALL VILLAGE CLUSTERS
Province FLUMZ: Changes from current to plan: ha
District Forest as % Upland Ag Fixed Ag Other
Luang Phabang 31 529 14% -26 523 -39 -2 757 Ponsai District 17 563 18% -18 104 485 -36 Sop Jia VC 6 140 29% -7 234 103 42 Don Kham VC 7 720 18% -7 679 74 -117 Jom Jieng VC 3 148 9% -2 608 335 37 Chomphet District 1 675 16% -2 135 490 -46 Nam Bak District 9 324 14% -8 392 -938 39 Xong Cha VC 6 239 25% -6 123 401 12 Na Yang VC 388 2% -845 -682 28 NamDouan VC 2 878 13% -1 792 -578 7 Phonthong District 1 446 3% 3 655 -109 -2 545 Meuang Herp VC 1 446 3% 3 655 -109 -2 545 0%
Xieng Khouang 13 115 4% -16 490 1 075 -288 Phoukodt District 5 527 2% -11 329 334 -398 Kheung-LongHang VC 2 698 7% -4 581 2 801 -24 Tai VC 2 099 7% -7 314 326 -244 Long Khan VC 2 102 6% -2 032 345 -233 Ang VC -1 372 -5% 2 600 -3 137 103 Seuy-Viengxai VC 0 0% 0 0 0 Paek District 1 183 9% -3 534 3 041 61 Nyord Ngum VC 1 183 9% -3 534 3 041 61 Khoun District 3 696 20% 2 615 -3 729 -10 Sun Luang VC 3 696 20% 2 615 -3 729 -10 Kham District 2 709 6% -4 243 1 428 59 Nam Lieng VC -71 -1% -1 861 1 813 66 NyortGeua-Longmat 2 628 13% -1 880 -737 0 LongPiew VC 151 2% -502 352 -7 0%
Houaphanh -1 668 -4% -1 063 3 727 -321 Et District -559 -4% -504 1 056 142 JaeFai VC -559 -4% -504 1 056 142 Viengxai District 1 068 10% -1 620 687 -318 Nam Sim WS 1 068 11% -1 620 687 -318 SopBao District -251 -3% -41 1 239 -227 SopHao VC -251 -1% -41 1 239 -227 Xam Neua District -1 929 -18% 1 121 728 79 Nam Men Watershed -1 939 -24% 1 176 691 72 Nam Sim WS 22 1% -38 12 2 0% 0% Phongsali Province -1 825 83% -2 328 4 092 -19 312
41 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Bountai District -145 -1% -227 379 -19 494 Bountai VC -145 0% -227 379 -19 494 Ngort Ou District -1 671 -5% -2 106 3 709 182 Na Louang VC -1 671 -5% -2 106 3 709 182 0% Sekong Province 1 601 6% -3 519 1 549 368 Lamam District 1 601 6% -3 519 1 549 368 Gasang Ghangh VC 1 601 6% -3 519 1 549 368 0% 0% Bolikhamsai Prov. 2 684 9% -1 529 -3 183 4 174 Khamkerd District 2 684 9% -1 529 -3 183 4 174 0% Salavan Provinces -212 -6% -161 308 516 Lao Ngarm D -212 -6% -161 308 516 Nong Kae VC -212 -6% -161 308 516 0% 0% 0%
Attapeu Province 2 996 9% -6 206 3 678 905 Saysethha District 3 384 13% -5 781 1 707 769 Pha Meuang VC 3 384 13% -5 781 1 707 769 Samakixai District -374 -5% -423 1 957 134 Hom VC -374 -5% -423 1 957 134 0%
Savannakhet Prov -768 -22% -152 244 208 Champhone District -768 -22% -152 244 208
42 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
APPENDIX 4: ACHIEVEMENT OF PHASE 2 OUTPUTS
Outcome 1: Options/systems for ABD-based livelihoods are designed, demonstrated, applied by development partners + upland farming communities
Output Indicators – Phase 2 Cumulative achievement by end of Phase 2
OP 1.1 Government, civil society, and private sector actors have enhanced capacity to design and implement ABD-based activities.
1. A training tool kit on how to design, manage, and implement an ABD based A training tool kit was started to be designed but only about 40% finished. subProject (in Lao) is produced and disseminated. 2. At least 1 workshop held per year on SPA development, with at least 30% non- Workshop held in year 5 only in Phongsali, but were held in most previous years of phase government actors and 40% women participating 2 in other Provinces. 3. At least 80 subProject proposals received, including at least 30% from non- More than achieved – by end of year 5 about 130 subProject proposals received. government actors. However most are from Government
4. At least 40% of participants in capacity building are women and/or ethnic group More than achieved. Especially for activities such as broom making training, mushrooms members. training and orange and coffee training, where most are females
OP 1.2 ABD-based livelihood options are tested, demonstrated, and adopted by participating groups (farmers, communities, private sector, and service deliverers). 5. At least 35 Phase 1 SPAs are continued, and at least 40 new SPAs initiated, 35 Phase 1 SPAs were continued into Phase 2. In Years 1 to 5, another approx 100 SPAs involving at least 25,000 households. initiated.
6. Relative balance is achieved in the orientation of all options/systems: agriculture, Good balance has been achieved. NTFP, processing, and market 7. 30% of all SPAs are implemented by or with Civil Society or Private Sector Partially achieved: 6 SPAs are implemented with some type of cooperation with Civil partners. Society or Private Sector partners. Broom making, Bee keeping/Honey production; Chicken value chain study; Coffee in Agroforestry; Little Chicken Rice and ABD in local education Curriculum 8. Women are the managers of at least 30 % of SPAs. Close to achieved, as 22% of SPA are managed by women. 9. Women are primary beneficiaries of at least 30% of SPAs. Close to achieved, as 25% of SPA are mainly for women beneficiary 10. 75 % of Phase 1 SPA activities are continued by TABI target communities after Not yet assessed withdrawal of TABI support.
43 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Output Indicators – Phase 2 Cumulative achievement by end of Phase 2
OP 1.3 Local Education systems have incorporated practical, needs-based agro-biodiversity curricula and activities. 11. The ABD-based local livelihoods curriculum confirmed, approved, and published The curriculum is used in only 1, not 2 Provinces. The curriculum is confirmed, approved, in at least 4 Districts in 2 Provinces. and used in 4 Districts – but only in 1 Province. 12. 30 primary and secondary schools in Luang Prabang and Xieng Khouang apply the As the program was implemented in only 1 Province, thus indicator only 55% achieved – new ABD curriculum. the curriculum is used in 16 schools in Xieng Khouang Province
13. ABD curriculum incorporated into northern agricultural college ABD curriculum was not incorporated into northern agricultural college, but it is incorporated into the Xieng Khouang Technical College. 14. 15 NAFC students per year, including at least 40% women, facilitated to conduct Not achieved field-based thesis work. OP 1.4 Increased exchange and uptake of ABD-based livelihood options among farmers, communities, private sector, and other stakeholders
15. At least three livelihoods-options sharing events held each year, in each Province, 3 events per year, in each Province, was too ambitious. Approximately 8 events were with a minimum of 25 participants each held over the course of Phase 2.
16. At least 40% of all participants are women and at least 40% of all participants are Of those events held, usually 20 to 40% women participate. Ethnic Group participation from ethnic groups was not measured.
17. 1,250 households not in core or TABI-supported communities adopt ABD-based Not a valid indicator, as a large % of Lao villagers already adopt ABD livelihoods in their livelihoods options. daily life, and the role of TABI is to seek to ensure that these livelihoods are both continued but also improved, not eroded by development projects (or some policies) which destroy the integrity and productive capacity of Lao Agro-ecosystems .
Indicators: 17 Achieved: 6 Partial: 8 Not: 3
44 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Outcome 2: Participatory forest and land use planning (FALUP) ensures village agricultural land and forest resource tenure and sustainable management
Output Indicators – Phase 2 Cumulative achievement by end of Phase 2
OP 2.1 TABI FALUP Tools are verified, revised, officially accepted and then published as Tool-kit and disseminated to both TABI and other stakeholders. 18. Draft tools are sent to related government and non-government agents and The draft 2014 FALUPAM Manual sent to MONRE and MAF, and some Provinces. feedback received from at least 15 actors (at least 20% from non-government Feedback received from about 8 actors. sources). 19. TABI FALUP tool-kit and related material revised following input, compiled, and FALUPAM Manual partially revised, but not yet fully revised or officially published. revised draft published. 20. At least 350 TABI FALUP tool-kits (Lao & English) made publicly available (and No FALUPAM tool-kits (Manual), made available, as not yet finalised electronic version publicly accessible). OP 2.2 Improved capacity of relevant GoL agencies and selected CS/PS partners to implement effective FALUP in TABI target areas. 21. At least 35 people (including 30% women and at least 15% ethnic minority) have Partially achieved: been trained to carry out FALUPAM in TABI target areas. 113 persons now trained to do FALUPAM; exceeds target. 10 % are women: below target about 15 % are ethnic minority: on target. 22. District staff able to conduct FALUPAM in new village clusters without direct In Luang Prabang this is 95 % achieved central level oversight, maintaining high quality. In Xieng Khouang 90 % achieved. In HPN 60 % achieved. In Phongsali, Sekong, and Salavan 80% achieved. In Attapeu, Savannakhet and Bolikhamsai not sure. 23. 10 staff of government and appropriate partners can use and maintain Achieved equipment necessary to carry out FALUP. 24. Basic GIS equipment provided to selected GoL partners. Achieved 25. Basic GIS equipment provided to selected CSO partners. Some GIS equipment provided to some CSO partners (two) - limited by the fact that very few CSOs do LUP.
OP 2.3 PFALUPAM demonstrated, monitored and updated in target villages and Districts. 26. Phoukodt District: all 48 villages covered by PFALUPAM. Achieved 27. Phonxay District: at least 18 villages are covered directly by TABI, the rest by TABI Achieved, from TABI side, but the rest of Ponsai District covered by very poor LUP - TABI training/support to other projects. has not assisted there. 28. FALUP undertaken in least 12 new village clusters (about 72 villages), 3 village Achieved. clusters in Xieng Khouang and 3 village clusters in Luang Prabang and 4 in other
45 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Output Indicators – Phase 2 Cumulative achievement by end of Phase 2 Provinces. 29. 50% of all covered villages receive some form of official land tenure Not yet achieved, but not seen as a big issue as the FALUPAM maps and plans documentation. considered by all to be ipsi facto land tenure.
OP 2.4: There is more co-ordination in regard to LUP, and PFALUPAM is effectively undertaken in non-TABI target areas. 30. TABI-FALUPAM is undertaken in at least 10 village clusters (about 60 villages) in Achieved partially, in that many other projects sought TABI assistance and advice, so non-TABI target areas by other projects, based on TABI advocacy or training. that FALUPAM was undertaken in non-TABI areas, but often with either TABI financial support or TABI TA and training. 31. At least 30 new professionals trained (at least 30% civil society and 30% women) Not yet assessed. Indicator probably too ambitious. in non-TABI target areas. As this is not under TABI control, this would be difficult to be done. 32. An outsourcing model developed where private sector and civil society plays role Outsourcing model not developed in a process overseen and managed by the government. 33. More harmonization/consistency in the principles within various LUP approaches Partially obtained, in that employed by multiple implementing actors. a) many agencies and projects use the FALUPAM Land Classes b) the ‘Land Use Planning Principles’ document (still in draft) does harmonize the approaches, to an extent 34. Semi-annual (twice-per-year) exchanges among key actors. More or less achieved, as many meetings and discussions on LUP have taken place.
Indicators: 17 Achieved: 8 Partial: 6 Not: 3
46 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Outcome 3: Integrated spatial planning and ABD knowledge management and exchange tools support evidence based decision making.
Output Indicators – Phase 2 Cumulative achievement by end of Phase 2
OP 3.1: Livelihood, ABD and Agro-ecosystem baselines and surveys are completed, secondary data accessed and selected studies undertaken 35. Primary baseline data generated re. NTFPs, wildlife, aquatic resources, agro Achieved (see main text) production, land cover and practices either at village or district level in TABI target areas. 36. At least 15 secondary datasets related to ABD collected and compiled. A: Selected variables from the Agricultural Census were analysed and mapped: (1) Local Chicken raising, (2) bee keeping; (3)Tea cultivation; (4) Coffee cultivation, (5) Cardamom cultivation. (6) maize, and (8) upland rice B: a crop diversity indicator was developed based on AG Census data at village level and at Goomban level; C: Khao Gai Noi data (TABI survey) was analysed and mapped. D: Data on land concessions was collected, analysed and mapped in LPB and XiengKhouang, including mapping of areas developed; Land Concession Quality of investment data was collected, analysed and mapped (details see main text), consisting of 200+ variables to characterize land investment quality 37. At least 8 selected ABD or AES related studies undertaken. 1- Wild Mushroom harvest study in Chomphet. 2: Mushroom ABD study in Phoukodt. 3: NTFP and District/village level rapid study undertaken in HouaPhanh 4: Study on Fish Conservation Zones in Houaphanh 5: Study on Cardamom in Phongsali 6: Study (botanical) on Tea in XKK and HPN 7: Botanical/Ecological study on Mushrooms in Chomphet 7: Study on floral bee food sources. 8: Study on Gingers of LPB 9: Study on native chicken production and value chain in XKH. 10: Study on production and value chain of orchids in northern Laos. 11: study on Agro-ecosystems, soils and cultivars of Benzoine in LPB
47 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Output Indicators – Phase 2 Cumulative achievement by end of Phase 2
OP 3.2: Integrative analysis for enhanced integrated spatial planning, greater knowledge on multifunctional upland landscapes conducted 38. At least 40 datasets available in coherent ABD database (from baselines and 12 datasets available: secondary data). i. NTFP ii. Wood iii. Wildlife iv. Aquatic v. Livestock vi. income vii. Ag Census ABD species viii. HPN rapid NTFP survey ix. Khao Kai Noi data, all villages, 2 Provinces x. Honey Production dataset in XKH xi. Crispy river weed production dataset, LPB xii. Forest mushrooms collection and sales data sets, LPB
39. Coherent and well-managed FALUP database available at MAF on central level Achieved and in LPB and XKH Provinces, containing datasets of all FALUP villages and Goombans. 40. At least 6 trainings conducted for GoL on database management and analysis and Not achieved mapping 41. At least 20 datasets are analysed to provide key insights on ABD and 5 datasets are analysed and processed into usable formats included: multifunctional landscapes and processed into a range of usable forms (such as i. NTFP maps, charts, graphs, publications etc.). ii. Wood iii. Ag Census ABD species iv. HPN rapid NTFP survey v. Khao Kai Noi data, all villages, 2 Provinces
42. Current spatial conflicts and incoherently implemented policies (e.g. concessions Achieved by: vs. conservation) are identified and visualized on maps. 1: “3 Forest Category” re-mapping for the whole country, and in Luang Phabang
2: Land Concession review and inventory in LPB and XKH. Products (= usable forms) include: Specific maps for datasets (A2, A3, A4), data integrated into overview maps at Province level (A0 and A1) Two scientific papers for international conferences (Annual World Bank Conference,
48 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Output Indicators – Phase 2 Cumulative achievement by end of Phase 2 Bi-Annual conference of the Land Coalition), 2 presentations at conferences were held; district factsheets for all districts in LPB and XKH province were created in Lao and English language; A1 overview maps for the target provinces were created; several presentations given to Lao development partners and GoL (e.g. LIWG core member meeting, MoNRE workshop on FPIC). Maps (A4 and A3) as well as a full report in Lao and English were created for the 3 forest category re-delineation in LPB province 43. Number of analysis and maps produced upon request by key stakeholders. (1): Analysis of data of Land Concession Inventory on social impacts of land concessions; analyzed for FPIC workshop of the Land Sub-Sector Working Group (2) Analysis and mapping of Khao Gai Noi date (3) Analysis and mapping of selected Ag Census data (4) Analysis and mapping of 3 forest categories 44. Two in-depth studies conducted and published on to-be-identified key issues of Only 2 in-depth studies undertaken. ABD (including primary data collection) per year. study on 3 forest categories (by TABI CU/SO) Land Concessions. (by CDE)
45. At least 1 research article published in international journals per year. Two papers in the proceedings of scientific conferences on land concessions in LPB and XKH provinces. OP 3.3: TABI-generated results, spatial products and lessons learned are systematically collated and disseminated in widely accessible media formats and forums.
46. Quarterly ABD newsletter produced and disseminated per year. ABD newsletters not produced quarterly - more like an average of 1 per year.
47. Subproject activities and lessons learned are systematically compiled into a SPA Achieved Portfolio. 48. TABI SPA, ABD, FALUPAM and other information is presented via video, radio, Partially achieved,. via MAFs Communications Unit, in years 1, 2 and 3 educational material) and disseminated through adequate channels (online, radio, hardcopy, presentations & exhibitions at events, education system) 49. Land use planning platform online and further developed: all FALUP maps and Partially achieved: data of all villages available online and in hardcopy at village and district level. LUP Platform operational most of the times. . Most TABI FALUAM maps are posted (but not all) . Most, but not all, villages and districts have hard copies 50. Innovative and attractive online tools (e.g. online GIS, systems linking ABD Not achieved
49 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Output Indicators – Phase 2 Cumulative achievement by end of Phase 2 publications, experts and organizations) available. 51. Website content updated and managed Only partly achieved, in that 1: Website content is uploaded and managed, to around 75 % of requirement. 2: But, NAFRI server and/or TABI HD in NAFRI broken, and not backed-up, so all recently uploaded info lost 52. Feedback survey on selected communication products conducted No feedback survey yet conducted
OP 3.4: Knowledge sharing and learning networks established to foster discussion and collaboration among diverse stakeholders 53. At least 2 ABD knowledge sharing workshops held per year in collaboration with 2 workshops per year not achieved. key stakeholders, with at least 30% attendance by CSO, private sector and 30% There have been 6 workshops over the 4+ years, with attendance from both NGOs, women GoL and some private sector interests 54. At least 2 thematic (ABD, LUP) or actor oriented platforms (policy, extension, The LUP online platform provides information and shared resources. private sector) established to share and promote ABD lessons The TABI webpage includes shared resources.
55. TABI supports partners to attend workshops to promote ABD issues Project staff and partners have attended some events
Indicators: 21 Achieved: 12 Partial: 6 Not: 3
50 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Outcome 4: Government policies better support ABD conservation and use, and land management, for improved food security and livelihoods in upland communities
Output Indicators – Phase 2 Cumulative achievement by end of Phase 2
OP 4.1 Well-functioning CBD Secretariat for cooperation and coordination to implement the CBD and facilitate NBSAP. 56. At least 2 CBD Secretariat meetings held annually with stakeholders from Difficult to assess the achievement of this indicator as TABI has not informed directly and as ministries, private and civil society. TABI is no longer responsible for the ‘official’ functions of the Secretariat (which is now with IUCN). ) 57. At least 3 products in 2 formats produced annually to promote CBD at the Difficult to assess the achievement of this indicator as CBD now IUCN responsibility. national and provincial levels. However TABI did facilitate and support the review and revision of the ‘3 forest categories’ in Luang Prabang Province. TABI also displays and promotes ABD products such as maps, posters, books and products at many events. 58. Report to COP 11 produced. This report has been produced through the offices of (with the assistance of) IUCN, not TABI.
OP 4.2: ABD and livelihood inserted, discussed and acted upon on ‘sector development’ platforms. 59. ABD issues are discussed and raised at Sub-sector working group meetings. ABD issues discussed at meetings of . Uplands SSWG (now disbanded), . ABD SSWG, and . Forestry SSWG . Land SSWG, …and working groups within these, such as the “village forestry working group” and the “bamboo and rattan platform” and the “LUP working group” . 60. An analysis completed of appropriateness of an ABD Sector working group and Not undertaken, BUT, the newly revised suite of SSWGs under the ARD SWG still includes the opportunities followed upon. ABD SSWG, meaning the MAF and many stakeholder still consider it appropriate. 61. Results and evidence from TABI activities are proactively feed into sub-working TABI activities and evidence feed into Forestry sSWG, Uplands sSWG , and Lands sSWG and its groups (by presentations, reports). three focus groups 62. At least 5 policy-makers participate in annual field visits to highlight important More than achieved. ABD issues and developments.
51 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Output Indicators – Phase 2 Cumulative achievement by end of Phase 2
OP 4.3: Evidence based materials provided, presented to, and feed into policy dialogues re. Agricultural, forestry and lands policies, legal frameworks and other mechanisms.
63. At least 1 presentation per year to National Assembly members. Achieved only in year 1 and 3, when reports were provided to NA on (i) 3FC and (ii) Land Concession. 64. At least 2 presentations per year to Ministerial level. Partially achieved by: . Presentation during NSC meetings . Presentation of 3FC report. . Presentation of Land Concession report 65. At least 2 presentations per year to Provincial and District level. Presentations during PSC meetings Presentation of 3FC report. Presentation of Land Concession report
Indicators: 10 Achieved: 6 Partial: 3 Not: 1
52 The Agrobiodiversity Initiative (TABI)– End of Phase 2 Report (2012-2017)
Outcome 5: Partner institutions incorporate and use ABD tools and concepts for uplands livelihoods development
Output Indicators – Phase 2 Cumulative achievement by end of Phase 2
OP 5.1: District and Provincial development plans incorporate ABD and AES baselines, perspectives, approaches and activities, and apply understanding generated through spatial analysis. 66. Analysis of current (pre-TABI) DSEP related to ABD produced and provided to ABD related text extracted, but not yet fully analysed, and not yet provided back to District district leaders on each target district. leaders. 67. Analysis of current (pre-TABI) PSEP related to ABD produced and provided to ABD related text extracted, but not yet fully analysed, and not yet provided back to District leaders on each target Province. leaders
68. At least 4 District and at least 2 Provincial Socio-economic development plans Achieved incorporate ABD principles and spatial evidence prepared by TABI OP 5.2: Central GoL agencies incorporate ABD into strategies, action plans and institution arrangements
69. At least 4 line departments incorporate ABD principles into their official planning While not fully analysed, this is most likely achieved by the incorporation of ABD into the and strategy documents following line Departments: 1. Agronomy: 2. Livestock and Fishery 3. Extension and processing 4. NAFRI 5. DALAM OP 5.3: TABI’s contract-based management approach utilizing results-based M&E systems empower diverse stakeholders to apply ABD concepts and participate in and shape local development. 70. A tool kit on how to design contract arrangements for development activities is A formal ‘Tool kit’ not yet produced. Only in draft form. produced and disseminated. 71. At least 4 government departments or civil society partners apply key principles To date, only limited analysis of line Departments or civil society partners applying key of TABI SPA and management system. principles of TABI SPA and management systems. 72. At least 8 community institutions (district offices, local CS actors, and/or PS Not assessed actors) demonstrate capacity to apply the contract-based approach using results- based M&E.
Indicators: 7 Achieved: 2 Partial: 4 Not: 1
53