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Croat T. B. & J. R. D. Salvador, 1995, Contributions to the Araceae Flora

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Croat T. B. & J. R. D. Salvador, 1995, Contributions to the Araceae Flora 46 AROIDEANA, Vol. 18 Contributions to the Araceae Flora in Northwestern Pichincha Province,Ecuador Part 1: Anthurlum of ENDESA Reserve Thomas B. Croat Missouri Botanical Garden P.O. Box 299 St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, USA Jimena Rodriguez de Salvador Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Ecuador Quito, Ecuador All drawings are by IiUgo Salvador ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION This is the first in a planned series of local The ENDESA reserve is a biological pre­ florulas leading to the complete revision of serve located on the lower slopes ofVolcan the Araceae for Ecuador. The ENDESA re­ Pichincha in the northwestern part of the serve, operated by the Universidad Catolica Province of Pichincha at 0003'N, 79°07'W. is located in central Ecuador in an area of It was established in 1981 by the Corpor­ Premontane rain forest. The flora, now ation (Enchapes Decorativos, S.A.), a sub­ known to have 76 species of Araceae is still sidiary of the Corporacion Forestal Juan poorly known except for Anthurium, the Manuel Durini, in conjunction with the subject of this revision. Thirty-two species Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Ecuador of Anthurium are treated. Ten new species for the purpose of conducting investiga­ and one new variety are described. New tions on the flora and fauna of the region taxa are Anthurium balslevii Croat &J. Rod­ Qaramillo & Jorgensen, 1989). riguez, A. cabuyalense Croat & J. Rodri­ It is located between 650 and 800 m in guez, A. cupulispathum Croat & J. Rodri­ a region of Premontane rain forest (Hold­ guez, A. hebetatilaminum Croat &J. Rod­ ridge Life Zone System) south of km 113 riguez, A. jaramilloi Croat & J. Rodriguez, on the QuitO-Puerto Quito Road. The en­ A. jimenae Croat, A. magnifolium Croat & trance is 10 km north of Caserio Alvaro Pe­ J. Rodriguez, A. nigropunctatum Croat & rez Intriago Qaramillo & Jorgensen, 1989 J. Rodriguez, A. pulverulentum Sodiro var. loco cit.). The reserve consists of 85 hec­ adsimile Croat & J. Rodriguez, A. rodrigue­ tares of primary forest dissected by the Rio ziae Croat, and A. silanchense Croat & J. Cabuyales and is surrounded by areas of Rodriguez. One new combination is made, secondary vegetation and forest regrowth. Anthurium propinquum Sodiro var. albi­ Rainfall is on average 5,545 mm mostly spadix Croat & J. Rodriguez. falling from November to May with fluctu- THOMAS B. CROAT,]IMENA RODRiGUEZ DE SALVADOR, 1995 47 ations between 399 and 881 mm per month. The floristics of the ENDESA reserve are The driest period, between June and Oc­ important since this is the first detailed re­ tober, still receives ample precipitation, av­ port of the floristics of any member of the eraging between 145 and 242 mm per month Araceae for the region. It will allow com­ (INCEL,1977-1980). parisons with the only other species-rich This study was part of a thesis (Rodri­ site for Araceae outside of the Rio Palenque guez, 1989) made by the junior author. Biological Reserve which lies at a lower Since the Araceae of Ecuador are such an elevation on the southern edge of Pichin­ important part of any local flora, this study cha Province in an area of Tropical wet for­ is being published to assist others in the est (T-wf). identification of Anthurium from the west­ The Araceae flora ofthe ENDESA reserve, ern slopes of the Andes. In order to assist like other areas in Premontane rain forest biologists with determinations of plants and (P-rf) is relatively rich in Araceae. Though to better understand the phytogeography Anthurium is the only genus well studied of Araceae a complete exsiccatae of each in the area, it is known to have also at least species for Ecuador is included as well as one species of Chlorospatha, one Dieffen­ a taxonomic discussion of each species bachia, two Monstera, over 25 Philoden­ concerning problems in other parts of Ec­ dron (perhaps over half of which are new uador. Reports will be forthcoming on oth­ to science), two Rhodospatha, three or four er floristic regions of Ecuador as prelimi­ Stenospermation, one Syngonium [5. cras­ nary studies proceed for a full treatment of sifolium (Eng!.) Croat], and one Xantho­ the Araceae of Ecuador by Croat. soma (X. daguense Eng!.). Since the spe­ The family Araceae with 105 genera and cies of Anthurium enumerated thus far about 3,000 species is one of the largest total only 32 species, more collecting will and taxonomically most complex in Ecua­ undoubtedly turn up more species. For a dor. Species diversity in Ecuador is perhaps complete listing of the species of Araceae greatest in the northwestern part of the currently known for this flora and an indi­ country on the Pacific slope in the prov­ cation of its similarity with other florulas in inces of Carchi, Esmeraldas, and Pichincha. Ecuador (namely Rio Palenque, La Favor­ A second area of high species diversity oc­ ita, and Jatun Sacha) see Croat (1995). curs on the eastern slopes of the Andes. Most specimens for use in the study were In general, regions of the Andes are so collected by Jimena Rodriguez, Croat, Croat species-rich and so poorly known that a & Rodriguez and Jaime Jaramillo (Univer­ study of this nature is difficult. Naming sidad Cat6lica). Some recent collections by plants from the Andean region is a daunting Gunnar Harling & LennartAndersson (Uni­ task, and in general only a small portion of versity of G6teborg) and by Michael Gra­ the flora can be easily named. Fortunately, yum (Missouri Botanical Garden) & Nelson the study area is relatively near those where Zamora (Universidad de Heredia, Costa Padre Luis Sodiro spent many years col­ Rica), though few in number, have proven lecting and describing plants. His activities to be new to the flora. took him to many areas on the western This paper will provide detailed descrip­ slopes of Voldn Pichincha and many of the tions of all Anthurium species in the flora, species he described (or which he sent to including ten new species and one new Adolf Engler in Berlin and were described variety. The exsiccatae will represent all there) are members of the flora of the EN­ collections known for Ecuador in order to DESA reserve. Though many of the type give a better understanding of the phyto­ specimens are fragmentary and all are un­ geography of each species and to allow for deSignated, Sodiro's descriptions were curation of specimens deposited in other among the most detailed ever published in herbaria. This will provide a better back­ this era_ Sodiro's work was immensely use­ ground for an ultimate completion of the ful for this study. Araceae for all of Ecuador. 48 AROIDEANA, Vol. 18 TAXONONUCTREATMENT gated in spirals, truncate at apex, the apex usually rhombic, sometimes quadrangular Anthurlum Schott, Wein. Zeitschr. Kunst or 4-lobed in outline; the sides of the apex 3:828. 1829. straight or sigmoid to jaggedly sigmoid; te­ Herbs, usually epiphytic, sometimes ter· pals 4, flattened throughout most of their restrial; stems short to elongate; internodes length, broader and truncate at apex, usu­ short to elongate; roots usually numerous ally triangular at apex, the lateral pair cov­ at each node; cataphylls usually lanceolate, ering partly the anterior and posterior pair; persistent or deciduous, usually promptly pistil usually exposed between the 4 tepals, weathering to fibers. LEAVES commonly simple, 2-celled, included or exserted at clustered near the end of the stem; petioles anthesis; stigma usually a slit-like depres­ usually firm, stiff or flexible, briefly sheathed sion in the apex of the pistil; ovules usually at base, geniculate at apex, cross-sectional 1 or 2 per cell, rarely 3 or more; stamens 4, shape highly variable; blades usually sub­ usually weakly exserted at anthesis, with coriaceous, rarely thin or coriaceous, ex­ only a small part of the filament exposed, tremely variable in form, simple and usu­ the filaments flattened and fleshy, promptly ally ovate, elliptiC, or lanceolate, frequently shrinking and Withdrawing the anther to cordate at base or digitately lobed with the the surface of the tepals, less commonly lobes united or divided to the base into with the stamens protruding well above the distinct segments, net-veined; midrib stout, tepals, then often persisting, not retracting, the primary lateral veins and the basal veins usually the lateral pair of stamens emerging often forming a collective vein along the first, followed by the anterior then the pos­ margin; basal veins often joined to form a terior stamen; anthers 2-celled, usually posterior rib. INFLORESCENCE one per broader than long, opening by a longitu­ node, pedunculate; spathe usually flat, in­ dinal slit, pollen variously colored. IN­ serted on the peduncle at an oblique angle, FRUCTESCENCE usually pendent, some­ sometimes decurrent at base, usually lan­ times erect; berries ovoid, oblong-ovoid, ceolate, rarely ovate or naviculiforme, usu­ oblong or obovoid, succulent and juicy, ally not convolute at the base, usually per­ variously colored, 2-celled, usually with one sistent, usually free before anthesis, usually seed per cell; pericarp moderately thin, me­ spreading or reflexed, sometimes erect, socarp usually translucent, sweet; seeds sometimes hooding spadix, often colored; usually somewhat flattened, usually with a spadix uniform, usually gradually tapered sticky appendage on at least one end. to apex, sometimes cylindroid, rarely cla­ The genus has perhaps 1,000 species with vate or globose, sessile or stipitate, many the majority occurring in South America. flowered, variously colored; flowers per­ Ecuador is one of the major centers of dis­ fect, usually protogynous, closely aggre- tribution. KEY TO THE ANTHURIUM OF ENDESA RESERVE 1. Blades divided into 3 lobes or segments. 2. Blade trifoliate, thin, the segments completely free to the base; peduncle shorter than the petiole ............................................................
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