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Van Yöresi Ot Kümelerinde Örümcekler

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Van Yöresi Ot Kümelerinde Örümcekler Tr.J.ofZoology 23(1999)EkSay›1,15-21 @TÜB‹TAK VanYöresiOtKümelerindeÖrümcekler( Araneae)ÜzerineBir Araflt›rma AbdullahBAYRAM,M.‹smailVAROL K›r›kkaleÜniversitesi,Fen-EdebiyatFakültesi,BiyolojiBölümü,K›r›kkale-TÜRK‹YE GeliflTarihi:25.04.1995 Özet: 1994y›l›n›nnisan,temmuzvearal›kaylar›nda,tah›ltarlalar›aras›ndayeralanbirdeltadanotkümeleritoplanm›flve örümcekleriincelenmifltir.Juncusinflexus,Agrostisstolonifera,PuccinelladistansveAlopecurusarundinaceus ’aaittoplam45adet kümeden2257örümcek,2007adetböcekvedi¤eromurgas›zhayvanörne¤ieldeedilmifltir.Örümcekleriçindeenfazlabulunan grupkurtörümcekler(Lycosidae,%52.6)vebodurörümcekler(Linyphiidae,%22.5)olmufltur.Enfazlaörümcekörne¤i bulundurankümelerJuncusinflexus’tur.Buaraflt›rmada15familyave33cinsiçinde29türtesbitedilmifltir.Bunlardandörtcins (Trichopterna Kulczynski,Meioneta Hull, Neon Simon, Euophrys C.L.Koch)vesekiztür( Piratahygrophilus (Thorell), Arctosa leopardus(Sundevall),Arctosacinera (Fabricius),Trichopternacito (O.P.-Cambridge),Meionetainnobatilis (Menge),Zelotes latreillei (Simon),Tibellusoblongus (Walckenaer),Pachygnatha listeri Sundevall)Türkiye’denilkkezkaydedilmifltir. AnahtarSözcükler: Otkümesi,Örümcek,Araneae,Van AStudyonSpiders(Araneae)inGrassTussocksinVanVicinity Abstract: InApril,JulyandDecemberI994,grasstussockswerecollectedfromadeltalocatedbetweencerealf›elds,andspiders wereinvestigated.Atotalof2257spiders,1314insects,and693otherinvertebrateswereextractedfrom45tussocksbelongto Juncusinflexus,Agrostisstolonifera,Puccinelladistansand Alopecurusarundinaceus.Amongthespidersmostencounteredfamilies werewolfspiders(Lycosidae,%52.6)andmoneyspiders(Linyphiidae,%22.5). Juncusinflexus tussocksshelteredmostspiders individually.Inthisstudy,atotalof29specieswereestablishedin33generaand15families.Ofthesetaxafourgenera (Trichopterna Kulczynski,Meioneta Hull,Neon Simon,Euophrys C.L.Koch)andeightspecies(Piratahygrophilus (Thorell),Arctosa leopardus (Sundevall),Archtosacinera (Fabricius),Trichopternacito (O.P.-Cambridge),Meionetainnobatilis (Menge),Zelotes latreillei (Simon),Tibellusoblongus (Walckenaer),PachygnathalisteriSundevall)arenewrecordsforTurkey. KeyWords: Grasstussock,Spider,Araneae,Van Girifl cakotkümelerininörümcekleriüzerinearaflt›rmalarha- Sony›llardaörümceklerüzerineyap›lanekolojikarafl- layenisay›lmaktad›r.Bayramveark.(12),Sotherton t›rmalar,bugruphayvanlar›nkarasalekosistemlerin (13),Thomasveark.(14)veDenis(15)tarlakenarlar›n- önemlipredatörlerioldu¤unugöstermifltir(1,2).Kuzey dakiotkümelerininörümcekvedi¤erarthropodpotansi- Amerika,AvrupaveUzakDo¤udaaraknolog’lartar›msal yeliniaraflt›rm›fllard›r. ekosistemlerdeörümceklerileböcekleraras›ndakiyak›n Buçal›flmada,tah›ltarlalar›aras›ndayeralanbirdel- iliflkiyiaraflt›rm›fl,ekolojikdengevebio-kontroldeörüm- tan›nk›y›kesimlerindekiotkümelerindeneldeedilen ceklerinöneminivurgulam›fllard›r(3,4,5,6). örümceklerincelenmifltir. 1950’lerdePerace(7),entomolog’lar›ndikkatiniotkü- melerineçekmifl,kümelerdebar›nanomurgas›zhayvan gruplar›n›nilginçekolojikçal›flmalarakonuolabilece¤ini MateryalveMetot belirtmifltir.Otkümeleriüzerinearaflt›rmalaröncelikle Araflt›rmaalan›,Van-Erciflkarayolunundokuzuncuki- böceklersahas›ndabafllat›lm›flt›r(8,9,10,11).Buarafl- lometresinde,MoraliÇay›üzerindebulunanyaklafl›k t›rmalardakarfl›lafl›lanarthropod’lar›nönemlibirk›sm›n› 105.000mz’likbirdeltad›r(fiekil1).Deltan›nbiryakas›n- örümceklerinoluflturdu¤u,örümceklerileböceklerinbu daÜniversitekampüsüneaityonca,korungavefi¤gibi kümelerdebirliktek›fllad›klar›vebuhayvanlariçinküme- yembitkiparselleri,di¤eryakas›ndaiseköylülereaitbu¤- lerinçokuygunbar›naklaroldu¤uvurgulanm›flt›r.An- daytarlalar›veotlaklaryeralmaktad›r.Deltan›nyakake- 15 VanYöresiOtKümelerindeÖrümcekler( Araneae)ÜzerineBirAraflt›rma fiekil1. Araflt›rmaalan›n›nkonumu Ercifl-VanKarayolu MoraliÇay› Üniversitekampüsüneait Kalecikköyü tah›lveyembitkisi bu¤daytarlalar› tarlalar› D MoraliDeltas› B VANGÖLÜ 400m simlerindeCarex,Juncus,Agrostis vesuyunçekilmiflol- Tesadüfiolarakseçilenherbirküme,öncebirbahç›- du¤ukurakalanlarda Puccinellave Alopecuruscinslerine vanmakas›iletoprakyüzeyinden20cmyukar›dakesil- aitçoksay›dabitkikümeleribulunmaktad›r.Deltaböcek, mifl,sonrayantaraflar›ndandakesilerek20x20x20cm kurba¤a,y›lanvekufllariçingayetelverifllibiryaflamor- ebat›ndabirkareprizmafleklinegetirilmifltir.Dahasonra tam›d›r.Araflt›rmadaJuncusinflexus (L.),Agrostissto- kümeninkaidek›sm›birbahç›vanbeliileyaklafl›k10cm lonifera (L.),Puccinelladistans(Holmb.)W.E.Hughesve diptentoprakilebirliktesökülüpçabucakfleffafpoliten Alopecurusarundinaceus (L.)otkümelerininarthropod- torbalarakonmufl,etiketlenmiflvelaboratuvaratafl›nm›fl- lar›araflt›r›lm›flt›r.Kümelerintoplan›fltarihleri,adetleri, t›r.Herbirsahaçal›flmas›ndasökülenkümeler,laboratu- butarihlerdekitoprakyüzeys›cakl›¤›,günlükortalama vardaTullgrenhunilerinebafl-afla¤›olarakyerlefltirilerek s›cakl›kvekümelerinortalamakurua¤›rl›klar›Tablo1’de ekstrakteedilmifltir.Kümelerdenarthropod’lar›ç›kar- verilmifltir. maktakullan›lanbuhunilerinyap›s›fiekil2’degösterilmifl- tir.Kümelerbuflekilde14güntutulmufl,sonraç›kar›l›p topraktanbütünüylear›nd›r›lm›flvef›r›nda,60°C’de24 TabloI. Kümelerintoplan›fltarihleri,adetleri,toplamatarihlerinde toprakyüzeys›cakl›¤›(°C,TYS),günlükortalamas›cakl›k saattutularakkurutulmufltur.Dahasonrakümelertart›l- (°C,GOS)vekümelerinortalamakurua¤›rl›klar›(g, m›flvekurua¤›rl›klar›kümea¤›rl›¤›n›nölçüsüolarakkul- OKA±StandardHata(SH)). lan›lm›flt›r. Tarih Bitkitürü KümeTYS GOS OKA±SH Teflhisçal›flmalar›ndaerginolmayan(nimf)örnek- adedi ler(erginaltlar›dahil)türdüzeyindeteflhisedilmeyipsa- dececinsseviyesindekay›tedilmifllerdir. 15.04.1994 J.inflexus 5 1.8 13 163±5.72 15.04.1994 A.stolonifera 5 1.8 13 121.2±5.26 29.04.1994 P.distans 5 3.3 10 98.6±5.73 Bulgular 29.04.1994 A.arundinaceus 5 3.3 10 75.4±3.59 16.07.1994 J.inflexus 5 12.9 21.7 171.4±4.43 1994y›l›n›nde¤iflikzamanlar›nda,otkümelerinden 16.07.1994 A.stolonifera 5 12.9 21.7 110.4±4.79 eldeedilentoplamörümceksay›lar›Tablo2’degösteril- 30.07.1994 P.distans 5 13.8 23.2 88.8±2.87 mifltir.Örümcekfamilyalar›vebunlar›nbulunuflyüzdele- 30.07.1994 A.arundinaceus 5 13.8 23.2 82.2±3.56 rinegöres›ralan›fl›iseTablo3’tegösterilmifltir.Enfazla bulunanfamilyalarkurtörümcekleri(Lycosidae)vebodur 14.12.1994 J.inflexus 5 -4.2 -0.9 159.6±5.24 16 A.BAYRAM,M.‹.VAROL Tablo2. De¤iflikzamanlardaotkümelerindeneldeedilenörümcek, böcekvedi¤eromurgas›zhayvansay›lar› Kapakta Tarih Küme Kümesay›s› örümcek Toplam elektrikduyu 15.04.94 J.inflexus 5 398 664 15.04.94 A.stolonifera 5 233 485 29.04.94 P.distans 5 157 256 Huni 29.04.94 A.arundinaceus 5 182 344 50cm 16.07.94 J.inflexus 5 269 455 35cm 16.07.94 A.stolonifera 5 124 334 30.07.94 P.distans 5 78 147 30.07.94 A.arundinaceus 5 75 214 14.12.94 J.inflexus 5 741 1365 Toplam -- 45 2257 4264 Yüzde -- -- 52.9 -- Alkol örümceklerdir(Linyphiidae).Di¤erfamilyalarnisbeten kab› azoranlardabulunmufltur.Bufamilyalariçindekurt örümcekler,yeravc›örümcekleri(Pisauridae),yerdüzka- r›nl›örümcekleri(Gnaphosidae),dökülmüflyaprakörüm- cekleri(Clubionidae),yengeçörümcekler(Thomisidae), koflucuörümcekler(Philodromidae)ves›çray›c›örüm- fiekil2. Ay›rmahunisi cekler(Saltisidae)vejetasyonüzerindea¤larörmeyip, zeminyüzeyindeserbestdolaflarakavlananörümcekler- Tablo3. Otkümelerindeneldeedilenörümceklerinfamilyalaragöreda¤›l›m›. Nisan Temmuz Aral›k Familya J.inflexus A.stolonifera P.distans A.arundinaceus J.inflexus A.stolonifera P.distans A.arundinaceus J.inflexus Toplam % Lycosidae 206 160 88 102 109 79 40 31 372 1187 52.6 Linyphiidae 64 31 36 47 45 20 17 22 226 508 22.5 Araneidae 12 5 14 7 11 8 4 3 19 83 3.7 Gnaphosidae 13 4 3 3 8 6 3 7 35 82 3.6 Philodromidae 22 7 1 1 18 2 2 3 22 78 3.5 Clubionidae 15 6 2 1 17 1 1 2 29 74 3.3 Theridiidae 19 10 5 3 18 3 3 1 7 69 3.1 Tetragnathidae 7 2 7 4 7 3 2 4 13 49 2.2 Thomisidae 8 3 0 2 7 1 1 0 4 26 1.2 Salticidae 7 1 1 5 5 0 2 1 4 26 1.2 Amaurobidae 8 2 0 0 6 1 0 1 3 21 0.9 Dictynidae 5 1 0 1 4 0 1 0 7 19 0.8 Metidae 5 0 0 2 6 0 1 0 0 14 0.6 Pisauridae 4 1 0 4 1 0 1 0 0 11 0.5 Zoridae 3 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 10 0.4 Toplam 398 233 157 182 269 124 78 75 741 2257 --- 17 VanYöresiOtKümelerindeÖrümcekler( Araneae)ÜzerineBirAraflt›rma dir.Bodurörümcekler,tekerleka¤örümcekleri(Arane- Salticidae idae),tarakayakl›örümcekler(Theridiidae),uzunçeneli Pseudicisencarpatus (Walckenaer) örümcekler(Tetragnathidae),dantela¤örümcekleri Neon sp.(nimf) (Amaurobiidae),örgücüörümcekler(Dictynidae),kü- Sitticuspubescens (Fabricius) rea¤örümcekleri(Metidae)vehayaletörümcekler(Zori- Heliophanusflavipes Hahn dae)isevejetasyonüzerindebilinena¤larörüp,a¤lar›yla Ballus sp.(nimf) avlananörümceklerdir.Buaraflt›rmadakümelerdenelde Euophrys sp.(nimf) edilipteflhisedilencinsvetürlerflunlard›r: Amourobiidae Lycosidae Amaurobius sp.(nimf) Pardosaproxima (C.L.Koch) Dictynidae Pardosapalustris (Linne’) Dictyna sp.(nimf) Pardosapurbeckensis F.O.P.-Cambridge Metidae Alopecosa sp.(nimf) Metellianasegmentata (Clerck) Trochosaruricola (Degeer) Pisauridae Trochosaterricola Thorell Pisaura sp.(nimf) Piratahygrophilus (Thorell) Zoridae Arctosaleopardus (Sundevall) Zora sp.(nimf) Arctosacinera (Fabricius) Bunlardan Piratahygrophilus,Arctosaleopardus, Linyphiidae Arctosacinera,Trichopternacito,Meionetainnobatilis, Trichopternacito (O.P.-Cambridge) Zeloteslatreillei,Tibellusoblongus,Pachygnathalisteri, Gnathonariumdentatum (Wider) Neon SimonveEuophrys C.L.KochTürkiyeiçinyenikay›t- Meionetainnobatilis (Menge) t›r. Lepthyphantescornutus (Schenkel) Herbirsezondakümebafl›nadüflenortalamaörümcek Lepthyphantessp.? örne¤isay›lar›Tablo4’degösterilmifltir.Nisanvetemmuz Linyphiasp.? aylar›ndaenfazlaörümcekbar›nd›ranbitkitürü Juncus Araneidae inflexus olmufltur.Agrostisstolonifera ikincis›radayeral- Larinioidescornutus
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