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A Review of the Scarce and Threatened Spiders (Araneae) of Great Britain: Species Status No.22

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A Review of the Scarce and Threatened Spiders (Araneae) of Great Britain: Species Status No.22 A review of the scarce and threatened spiders (Araneae) of Great Britain: Species Status No.22 P. Harvey, M. Davidson, I. Dawson, A. Fowles, G. Hitchcock, P. Lee, P. Merrett, T. Russell-Smith and H. Smith. British Arachnological Society 2017 NRW Evidence Report No. 11 Date NRW Evidence Report No. 11 About Natural Resources Wales Natural Resources Wales is the organisation responsible for the work carried out by the three former organisations, the Countryside Council for Wales, Environment Agency Wales and Forestry Commission Wales. It is also responsible for some functions previously undertaken by Welsh Government. Our purpose is to ensure that the natural resources of Wales are sustainably maintained, used and enhanced, now and in the future. We work for the communities of Wales to protect people and their homes as much as possible from environmental incidents like flooding and pollution. We provide opportunities for people to learn, use and benefit from Wales' natural resources. We work to support Wales' economy by enabling the sustainable use of natural resources to support jobs and enterprise. We help businesses and developers to understand and consider environmental limits when they make important decisions. We work to maintain and improve the quality of the environment for everyone and we work towards making the environment and our natural resources more resilient to climate change and other pressures. Evidence at Natural Resources Wales Natural Resources Wales is an evidence based organisation. We seek to ensure that our strategy, decisions, operations and advice to Welsh Government and others are underpinned by sound and quality-assured evidence. We recognise that it is critically important to have a good understanding of our changing environment. We will realise this vision by: • Maintaining and developing the technical specialist skills of our staff; • Securing our data and information; • Having a well resourced proactive programme of evidence work; • Continuing to review and add to our evidence to ensure it is fit for the challenges facing us; and • Communicating our evidence in an open and transparent way. This Evidence Report series serves as a record of work carried out or commissioned by Natural Resources Wales. It also helps us to share and promote use of our evidence by others and develop future collaborations. However, the views and recommendations presented in this report are not necessarily those of NRW and should, therefore, not be attributed to NRW. www.naturalresourceswales.gov.uk NRW Evidence Report No. 11 Report series: NRW Evidence Report Report number: 11 Publication date: September 2017 Contract number: STE0135 Contractor: British Arachnological Society Contract Manager: M.A. Howe Title: A review of the scarce and threatened spiders (Araneae) of Great Britain: Species Status No.22 Author(s): P. Harvey, M. Davidson, I. Dawson, A. Fowles, G. Hitchcock, P. Lee, P. Merrett, T. Russell-Smith, H. Smith Restrictions: None Distribution list NRW Library, Bangor 2 National Library of Wales 1 British Library 1 Welsh Government Library 1 Scottish Natural Heritage Library 1 Natural England Library (Electronic Only) 1 Recommended citation for this volume P. Harvey, M. Davidson, I. Dawson, A. Fowles, G. Hitchcock, P. Lee, P. Merrett, T. Russell-Smith, H. Smith. 2017. A review of the scarce and threatened spiders (Araneae) of Great Britain: Species Status No. 22 . NRW Evidence Report No: 11 , 101pp, Natural Resources Wales, Bangor. www.naturalresourceswales.gov.uk NRW Evidence Report No. 11 Contents 1. Crynodeb Gweithredol .................................................................................................... 1 2. Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ 3 3. Introduction to the Species Status Reviews .................................................................... 5 3.1. The Species Status project ................................................................................................. 5 3.2. The status assessments ..................................................................................................... 5 3.3. Status assessments other than Red Lists for species in Britain ......................................... 5 3.4. Species status and conservation action ............................................................................. 5 4. Introduction to the Spider Review ................................................................................... 6 4.1. Previous reviews ................................................................................................................. 7 4.2. The new review ................................................................................................................... 8 4.3. Nomenclature ...................................................................................................................... 8 5. The IUCN threat categories and selection criteria as adapted for Invertebrates in Great Britain ..................................................................................................................................... 9 5.1. Summary of the 2001 Threat Categories ............................................................................ 9 5.2. Application of the Guidelines to Spiders ...........................................................................11 6. GB Rarity Status categories and criteria ....................................................................... 14 6.1. The development of an Amber List for Spiders ................................................................14 7. Methods and sources of information ............................................................................. 15 7.1. The Data ...........................................................................................................................15 7.2. Assessing Threat ..............................................................................................................15 7.3. Assessment of geographic range .....................................................................................16 7.4. Allocation of threat status ..................................................................................................17 7.5. Species not allocated to Threat categories .......................................................................18 7.6. Species excluded from the review ....................................................................................19 8. The assessments ......................................................................................................... 19 8.1. Species listed by IUCN status category ............................................................................20 8.2. Criteria used for assigning species to threatened categories ...........................................22 8.3. Species listed by GB Rarity Status category. 152 species are given the status of Nationally Rare, 171 species are Nationally Scarce. ........................................................25 8.4. Taxonomic list of GB Rarity Status species, with previous statuses and IUCN status.....33 8.5. Amber List .........................................................................................................................41 9. Acknowledgements....................................................................................................... 41 10. References ................................................................................................................... 42 11. Appendices ................................................................................................................... 45 11.1. Appendix 1. Listing of all species reviewed with summary of key information .................45 11.2. Appendix 2. Summary of IUCN Criteria ..........................................................................182 List of Figures Figure 1. Hierarchical relationships of the categories (adapted from IUCN, 2012b) .............. 10 Figure 2. Hectads (10x10km squares) with spider records. .................................................. 17 www.naturalresourceswales.gov.uk NRW Evidence Report No. 11 List of Tables Table 1. Definitions of IUCN threat categories (from IUCN, 2012b with a more specific definition for regional extinction) ............................................................................................. 9 Table 2: Great Britain Rarity Status ...................................................................................... 14 Table 3. Threatened species and qualifying criteria, in taxonomic order ............................... 22 Table 4. Taxonomic list of Red Data Book and Nationally Scarce species............................ 33 www.naturalresourceswales.gov.uk NRW Evidence Report No. 11 1. Crynodeb Gweithredol Mae corynnod yn gydran bwysig o ecosystemau tir Prydain, felly mae'n hanfodol cael ymwybyddiaeth o'r materion cadwraeth y maen nhw'n eu hwynebu. Mae'r adolygiad hwn yn asesu'r perygl o ddifodiant, ar sail Categorïau Rhestr Goch yr Undeb Rhyngwladol dros Gadwraeth Natur (IUCN), ar gyfer rhywogaethau a gofnodwyd ym Mhrydain ac a ystyrir yn gymwys i'w hystyried o dan feini prawf yr IUCN. Y bwriad yw y bydd y rhestr hon yn gallu cael ei defnyddio fel un o'r offerynnau ar gyfer blaenoriaethu camau gweithredu cadwraeth, gan gynnwys gwaith ymchwil pan na fydd digon o ddata neu pan fydd y data'n amhendant. Yn ogystal â hyn, mae'r adolygiad hwn,
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