Russia and Courtly Europe Jan Hennings Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-05059-4 — Russia and Courtly Europe Jan Hennings Index More Information

Index

Aachen, Congress of, 20 Berlin, 205, 219, 244 Académie politique, 25 Béthune, François Gaston de, 212 Adair, Edward Robert, 226 Bielfeld, Jakob Friedrich Freiherr von, 60 Ageeva, Ol’ga Genievna, 204 Blackstone, Sir William, 220 Alef, Gustave, 241 Bodin, Jean, 90 Aleksei Mikhailovich, tsar, 69, 71, 72, 73, Bogdanov, Andrei, 142 116, 118, 119–31, 147, 149, 150, 152, Bogdanov, Grigorii, 143 166, 204–5, 213, 233 Bottoni, Hannibal Franz von, 166, 178, Aleksei Petrovich, tsarevich, 55, 188, 216 204–5, 213 Algeria, 36 Boyle, Henry, 1st Baron Carleton, 222–24, All-Mad, All-Jesting, All-Drunken 225, 228 Assembly, 203 Bradshaw, Richard, 122 fn. 47 Alma Mater Viadrina, 25 Brakel, Kasimir Christoph von, 245 Amsterdam, 188, 193 Breslau, 45 Andrusovo, Truce of, 71, 74 Breteuil, Louis-Nicolas, baron de, 65 Anna Ivanovna, empress of Russia, 245 Brüggemann, Otto, 40 Anne, queen of Great Britain, 203, 212, 222 Butler, William, 221 Matveev’s arrest and apology to Peter I Buturlin, Ivan Ivanovich, 191 (see also Matveev, arrest of) 227–29, 237–38 Cannadine, David, 218 Archangel, 47, 89, 112, 139, 141–42 Carlisle, Anna, countess of, 139 Arkhangelsk. See Archangel Carlisle, Charles Howard, 1st Earl of , Arkhipov, Fedor, 118 139–41, 211, 225, 232–33, 251 Astrakhan, 51, 52 interpretations and legacy of his embassy Audienzkommissar,80 to Russia, 154–59 Azov, 182, 205 reception in Moscow, trade negotiations and ceremonial disputes, 141–54 Baklanovskii, Ivan Ivanovich, 106–7 Carlisle, Eward Howard, 2nd Earl of, 139 Balance of power, 14, 29 Cathedral of the Annunciation (Moscow Baluze, Jean Casimir de, 206–8, Kremlin), 114 212–13 Cathedral of the Archangel (Moscow Barbarism, Russia in discourses of, 33–34, Kremlin), 114 35–44, 154–57 Catherine II, 43, 220–21, 222, 243, 246 Peter I and Russia’s image of, Ceremonial, forms and contemporary 192, 200 deﬁnitions of, 21–22 related to Zeremonialwissenschaft, 35, 44, and the courtly public, 22–23 63–67 as an expression of hierarchy, 19–20 Baroque culture and diplomacy, 160, 204, criticism of, 59–60, 62–63 248–49 cultural origins of, 6–7 Basil II, Byzantine emperor, 50 cultural representation of, 61–62, 157 Beliakov, Andrei Vasil’evich, 76 during the reign of Peter I, changes and Benoist, Antoine, 36 continuity of, 210–11

292

Index 293

record-keeping and documentation of, Diplomatic Privileges Act (1708), 220, 222, 82–90 226–27, 228, See also Matveev similarities and differences in the (arrest of) organisation of, 6–7 Diplomatic representation, 90–91, 95–98 Ceremoniale Brandenburgicum, 217 diplomatic ranks, 91–98 Charles I of Great Britain and Ireland, 115, diplomatic ranks in Russia, 98–99, 102–8 116, 120 doctrine of ‘representative character’, 96, Charles II of Great Britain and Ireland, 79, 97, 102, 104, 110, 164, 224 120, 122, 135, 139–40, 149, 233 legal ﬁction of ‘as if’, 96, 104, 107 Colepeper’s embassy to Russia, 121–22 Dokhturov, Gerasim Semenovich, and Dashkov’s embassy to the court of, Aleksei Mikhailovich’s embassy to the 152–54, See also Carlisle (embassy to court of Charles I, 116–18, 158 Russia) Dolgorukov, prince Iakov Fedorovich, Prozorovskii’s embassy to the court of, 100, 212 127–31 Dolgorukov, prince Vasilii Lukich, 1, 216 Charles II of Spain, 183 Dolgorukov, prince Vasilii Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 93 Vladimirovich, 191 Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, Doyle, Michael, 239 55, 188 Dresden, 89, 163, 205 Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor, 245 Dreux, Thomas II de, marquis de Brézé, 197 Charles VIII of France, 135 Dubois, Guillaume, cardinal, 1, 12, Charles XII of Sweden, 24, 212, 219, 231 188 fn. 89, 254 Charles, landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, 243 Dunkirk, 195, 196 Châteauneuf, Pierre-Antoine de Dutch Republic. See Netherlands Castagnères, marquis de, 189, 194 China, 47, 64, 213, 254 Ekaterina Alekseevna (Catherine I), Christian VI of Denmark, 245 tsaritsa, 197, 202 Christina of Sweden, 125 Ekaterina Ivanovna, tsarevna, duchess of Civil War, and contemporary responses to, Mecklenburg, 188 115–16, 120–21 Eleonore Magdalena of Neuburg, Holy Colepeper, John, 1st Baron Colepeper, Roman Empress, 172 and Charles II’s embassy to Russia, Elias, Norbert, 34 121–22 Elizabeth of Russia, 236 Columbus, Christopher, 159 England, 36, 46, 54, 64, 78, 92, 105, Cominges, Gaston Jean-Baptiste, comte de, 115–16, 163, 212, 218 134–39 Anglo-Russian exchanges. See Bradshaw; Constantinople, 205, 252 Carlisle; Colepeper; Dashkov; Copenhagen, 137, 205, 220 Dokhturov; Mackenzie; Muscovy Cossacks, 70 Company; Postnikov; Potemkin; Cottrell, Sir Charles, 77, 86, 105–6, 130, Prideaux; Prozorovskii; Whitworth 134, 139 Estrades, Godefroi, comte d’, 24, 135 Cottrell-Dormer family, 63, 78–79, 83 Ethiopia, 64 Crofts, William, 1st Baron Crofts, 130 Evelyn, John, 131 Cromwell, Oliver, 122, 124, 126 Crusius, Philipp, 40 Fedor Alekseevich, tsar, 69 Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, 39, 93 Dashkov, Vasilii Iakovlevich, 152–53 Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, 84 Davidson, Peter, 248 Finet, Sir John, 78 Davydov, Ivan Stepanov, 129–130 Fleming, Sir Oliver, 79 fn. 43, 117 Defoe, Daniel, 223 Florence, 63, 103 Denmark, 55, 57, 63, 80, 124, 125, 210, France, 14, 24, 25, 33, 36, 54, 59, 63, 66, 213, 245 78, 99, 100, 104, 186 Desgranges, Michel Ancel, 195, 198 Russian embassies to, 66, 99–100, 104–6, Diplomatic immunity, 224, See also 107, See also Peter I (in Paris) Diplomatic Privileges Act Frederick III of Holstein-Gottorp, 40–41

294 Index

Frederick III/I of Prussia, 18, 54, 65, Honour, 1–3 163, 244 in foreign relations, 15–19, See also status Frederick William I of Prussia, 189 Hotman, Jean, Marquis de Villiers-Saint Fuhrmann, Matthias, 181 Paul, 92 Howell, James, 49, 58, 91, 94 Gdan´sk, 205 Huyssen, Heinrich Freiherr von, 58, 216 Geertz, Clifford, 249, 252 Genoa, 36, 63 Iaroslavl, 142 George I of Great Britain and Ireland, 25, Incognito, ceremonial strategies and 188, 238 fn. 172, 241 fn. 185 function of, 164–65, 166–67, 180–81, Gerbier, Sir Balthazar, 79 fn. 43 184, 192, 195–96, 200, 214 Glafey, Adam Friedrich von, 55–56 International law, 15, 26, 43, 61, 102, 109, Godefroy, Théodore, 216 127, 215, 249, See also ceremonial Golitsyn, prince Petr Alekseevich, (forms and contemporary deﬁnitions of) 161 fn. 2, 220 and the Matveev affair, and diplomatic Golitsyn, prince Vasilii Vasil’evich, 75 immunity, 220–22, 224, 226–28, 237 Golovin, Fedor Alekseevich, count, 164, International relations, as an academic 167, 170, 206–8 subject, 25–26 Golovkin, Gavriil Ivanovich, count, 205, Introducteur des ambassadeurs, 59, 77–82, 83, 214, 216, 219, 226, 234–35, 110, 197, 199, See also master of 237–39, 243 ceremonies and pristav Golozov, Lukian, 144 Ius legationis, 18, 94 Gordon, General Patrick, 146, 151 Ius praecedentiae, 19, 21, See also Grand Embassy (in Vienna), Peter I’s, Zeremonialwissenschaft 160–61, 163–64, 185–87 Iuzefovich, Leonid Abramovich, 6 court festivities, 171–77 Ivan III, grand prince, 50, 57, 135, 241–42 private meetings, 177–82 Ivan IV (the Terrible), 38, 40, 51, 57–58, public ceremonies, 167–71 61, 69, 119 secret negotiations, 182–85 Ivanov, Almaz Ivanovich, 123 Grassis, Paris de, 56 Greece, 55, 58 James VI and I of Scotland and England, Gregory XIII, pope, 40 78, 79 Grotius, Hugo, 91, 125, 216, 217 Japan, 64 Guagnini, Alexander, 67 Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor, 176 Guarient und Rall, Ignaz Christophorus Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, von, 211 245 fn. 202 Gundling, Jacob Paul von, 244 Juel, Just, 236, 238 Guzman, Johann Carl Terlinger von, 166, Jusserand, Jean Jules, 138 178, 204–5, 213 Kalmyks, 70, 76, 103, 214 Habichtsthal (Gabikhstal’), Georg Baron Karl Leopold of Mecklenburg- von, 80–81 Schwerin, 188 Hague, the, 189, 205, 219, 244 Karlowitz, Treaty of, 183, 186 Hamburg, 205, 213, 220, 244 Kazan, 51, 52 Hampton, Timothy, 127 Kemmerich, Dietrich Hermann, 223 Hanover, 95, 218 Kiev, 74–75 Harley, Robert, 1st Earl of Oxford, 222 Kinsky, Franz Ulrich, count, 183–85 Hebdon, Sir John, 128–30, 211 Königsacker, baron, 168, 170, 176, 181 Herberstein, Sigismund, Freiherr von, 39, Korb, Johann Georg, 165 41, 43, 67, 87, 88, 158 Koselleck, Reinhart, 52 Herkommen, 86, See also starina; precedent Kotoshikhin, Grigorii Karpovich, 75–76, Hoevelen, Conrad von, 62–63 98, 102, 122, 215 Hoffmann, Christian Gottfried, 25–27, 34 Krischer, André, 91, 102 Holy League, 163, 182 Kurakin, prince Aleksandr Honores regii, 18, 65, 95, 99, 122, 161 Borisovich, 108

Index 295

Kurakin, prince Boris Ivanovich, 107–8, Meyerberg, Augustin Freiherr von, 191–92, 193, 196, 216, 217, 219, 244 146, 166 Miege (Miège), Guy, 140–41 La Fontaine, Jean de, 94 account of Carlisle’s embassy to Russia, La Sarraz du Franquesnay, Jean de, 27 154–57 Law on Succession (Pravda voli monarshei), Mikhail Fedorovich, tsar, 71 Peter I’s, 91 Mikhailov, Ivan, 106–7 Le Dran, Nicolas-Louis, 192, 194 Mongols, 6, 50, 59 Lefort, Franz, 164, 167, 170, Morocco, 36, 64 177–78, 182 Moscow, reception of ambassadors in, Lefort, Pierre, 172 112–14 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 94, 187, 216 Mottley, John, 224 Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, 45, 73, Münster, 88, 93–94, 101, 137 100, 125, 186 Muscovy Company, 116, 119 negotiations with Peter I, 182–83, 185 Mustafa II, 182 receptions of Peter I at the court of, 165–66, 169, 171–82 Nakaz, 85, 86, 87, 89, 106, 113, 218 Lewkenor, Sir Lewis, 78 Narai, king of Siam, 65 Liboy, M. de, 190, 193, 196 Naryshkina, Natal’ia Kirillovna, Liegnitz, 56 tsaritsa, 203 Lodyzhenskii, Andrei Nikolaevich, 131 Neﬁmonov, Koz’ma Nikitich, 163 London, reception of Prozorovskii’s Nesle, marquis de, 196 embassy in, 130–31 Nesterov, Afonasei Ivanovich, 143, 144 Lotman, Iurii Mikhailovich, 29 Netherlands, the, 94, 163, 188, 190, 213, Louis XIV, 24, 33, 65, 99 217, 244 on the reception of a Russian ambassador Neuhaus, Baron von, 245 in London, 135–38 Nijmegen, Peace of, 28 Louis XV of France, 188–89, 192, 197–99 Nine Years’ War, 183 Lünig, Johann Christian, 20, 45, 57, Nogai Horde, 70, 113 186, 216 Northern War (Great Northern War, 1700–1721), 25, 30, 42, 54, 188, 189, Mackenzie, George, 203 194, 214, 230, 244 Madariaga, 232–33, 241 Nystad, Peace of, 55, 205, 237 Madrid, 89 Magny, Nicolas-Joseph II Foucault, Ober-gofmarshal,81 marquis de, 199 Obersthofmarschall,80 Maintenon, Françoise d’Aubigné, marquise Oberstkämmerer,80 de, 192, 200 Oberzeremonienmeister,80 Martens, Fedor Fedorovich, 43 Olearius, Adam, 39, 40–41, 43, 67 Marvell, Andrew, 140, 147–48 Ordin-Nashchokin, Afanasii Lavrent’evich, Master of ceremonies, 77 74–75, 102 at European courts, 78–80 Orléans, Françoise Marie de Bouron, in Russia (see also pristav), 80–81, See also duchesse d’, 199 introducteur des ambassadeurs Orléans, Philippe, duc d’, regent, 188, 192 Matveev, Andrei Artamonovich, 107, Osnabrück, 93–94, 101 217, 219 Osterhammel, Jürgen, 66 arrest of, 220–37 Ostermann, Heinrich Johann Friedrich library of, 216–17 (Andrei Ivanovich), baron, 191, 215 Matveev, Artamon Sergeevich, 71, 72, 75, Ottoman Empire, 4, 39, 206, 213 166, 178 Russia and European images of, 34, 36, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, 39, 47, 59 135, 243, 244 the Holy League’s war against, 182–86 Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, 51 Menshikov, Aleksandr Danilovich, 203 Palaiologina, Zoe (Sophia), 50 Mestnichestvo, 17, 143 Panin, Nikita Ivanovich, count, 249

296 Index

Pecquet, Antoine, 28, 102 tasks of, 81–82, 112–14, See also Peirce, Charles Sanders, 95 introducteur des ambassadeurs and Pepys, Samuel, 131, 138 master of ceremonies Persia, 34, 40, 42, 47, 64, 66 Prokopovich, Feofan, 42–43, 239 Peter I (the Great), 6 Pronchishchev, Ivan Afonasevich, 143, 145 attitude towards ceremony, 202–4 Prozorovskii, prince Petr Semenovich, 103, character of, 164–65 139, 141–42, 146–47, 149, 151, images of, 42–43, 57–58, 68, 164–65, 156, 158 192–93 Aleksei Mikhailovich’s embassy to in Paris, 187–201, See also Grand Charles II, and contemporary Embassy; incognito impressions of, 127–39 insult at Riga, 24 Prussia, 54, 64, 80, 95, 160, 188–89, Muscovite-Petrine comparisons, 193–94, 213, 244–45 210–11 Pruth, Treaty of the, 220 reform of diplomatic ceremonial, 208–20 Pufendorf, Samuel Freiherr von, 35–36, title imperator and empire, 237–46 42–43, 216 Peter II of Russia, 80 Petr Petrovich, tsarevich, 42 Razriadnyi prikaz, and razriadnye knigi, 143 Petreius, Peter, 67 Reformation, 46 Petrov, Vladimir Mikhailovich, 202 Regius Professorship of History, 25 Philip III of Spain, 61 Restoration, the, 127 Philip IV of Spain, 24 Reutenfels, Jacob, 72 Philip V of Spain, 195 Riga, 24, 130 Pitt-Rivers, Julian, 20 Rohr, Julius Bernhard von, 20, 21, 165 Pleyer, Otto, 236 Rome, 66, 163 Poe, Marshall, 38, 68 Rostokino, 143 Poisson, Raymond, 36 Rousset de Missy, Jean, 58–60, 157 Poland, 4, 38, 39–40, 46, 50, 54–55, 70, 75, Russia and the West, historiographical 87, 95, 101, 113, 128, 161, 182, trope, 7 213, 244 commensurability of diplomatic cultures, Poltava, Battle of, 30, 187, 205, 231 68, 111, 247 Portland, Hans William Bentinck, 1st Earl Ryswick, Treaty of, 183, 186 of, 217 Portugal, 54, 66, 124 Sainctot, Nicolas de, 59 (Pokhodnaia) Posol’skaia Saint-Pierre, Charles Irénée Castel, abbé kantseliariia,214 de, 27, 30–31 Posol’skii prikaz,69–76, 82, 89, 110–11, Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, duc de, 210, 214, 250 188, 192, 198, 200 Posol’skaia kniga,84–85, 90, 110–11, Santi, Frants Matveevich, count, 80–81 210, 215 Schaub, Marie-Karine, 66 Possevino, Antonio, 39, 40, 41, 43 Schleinitz, Johann Christoph Freiherr Postal system, 88–89 von, 201 Postnikov, Petr Vasil’evich, 216 Schweder, Christoph Hermann von, 54–55 Postnikov, Vasilii Timofeevich, 211, 216 Scott, Hamish, 14 Potemkin, Petr Ivanovich, 37, 66, 99–100, Selden, John, 53–54, 56, 58, 68 105–6, 213 Severia, 74 Precedence, dynastic, 19–21, 23, 138, 143, Sforza, Bianca Maria, 135 199, 201, 215, 239, 247, 249, 250, Shaﬁrov, Petr Pavlovich, 42–43, 68, 189, See also ceremonial; ius praecedentiae; 191, 192, 214, 220, 226, 235–38, and mestnichestvo 239, 241 Precedent, 86, See also starina; Herkommen Shakespeare, William, 36 Prideaux, William, and the Sheremetev, Boris Petrovich, 100 Commonwealth’s embassy to Russia, Shipulin, Dmitrii, 152 122–27, 158 Shmurlo, Evgenii Frantsevich, 184 Pristav, 77, 85, 90 Siam, 36, 64–65

Index 297

Simonovskii, Dmitrii Logginovich, 86 Valuev, Petr Stepanovich, 81 Smolensk, 74, 101, 112 Vasil’ev, Aleksei, 98–99 Spain, 24, 46–47, 54, 78, 94, 99–100, Vasilii III, grand prince, 50, 54, 57, 105–6, 121, 124, 161, 213, 244 243, 244 St Petersburg, 190–91, 198, 206, 214 Vedomosti, 71, 197, 216 Stargard, 54 Velikoe posol’stvo. See Grand Embassy Starina, 86, 87, 210, 215 Venice, 63, 103, 124, 163, 182, 218 Stateinyi spisok,87–88, 90, 156, 218–20 Vera y Figueroa, Juan Antonio de, conde de Status, in (early modern) foreign relations, la Roca, 91 12–15 Vesti-Kuranty, 71, 72, 101 court culture and ritual manifestation of, Vienna, 80, 86, 98, 100, 106, 125, 210, 219, 15–19 234, 235, 249 social status and sovereignty, 18 Russian embassies to, 161–63, See also Steiger, Heinard, 101 Grand Embassy Stenzig, Philipp, 56 Vienna, Congress of, 20 Stieve, Gottfried, 21 Villars, madame de, 109 on Russia, 56–57 Vinius, Andrei Andreevich, 105 Stockholm, 76, 124 Vladimir I, grand prince, 50 Stökl, Günther, 43 Vologda, 119, 142, 143 Stollberg-Rilinger, Barbara, 2 fn. 7, Voltaire, 31, 67 fn. 188 127 fn. 67 Vorontsov, Ivan Mikhailovich, 87 Stosch, Balthasar Sigismund von, 44–48, Voznitsyn, Prokopii Bogdanovich, 164 67–68 Sully, Maximilien de Béthune, duc de, 27, War of the Spanish Succession, 30, 30–31 54, 187 Sweden, 24, 30, 54–55, 57, 63, 75, 80, 87, Weber, Friedrich Christian, 209 101, 125, 187–89, 205, 210, 212, 222, Westphalen, Hans Georg von, 245 231, 239, 244 Westphalia, Peace of, 19, 20, 28, 58, 93–95, 101 Table of ranks, and the ofﬁce of ober- Whitlocke, Bulstrode, 124 tseremoniimeister,80 Whitworth, Charles, 1st Baron and diplomatic ranks, 214 Whitworth, 206 Tarakanov, Nikita, 251 and the Matveev affair, 221, 223, 226, Tatars, 40, 50, 55, 70 227–38 Tessé, René de Froulay, comte de, 192, on ceremonial innovation at the Petrine 193, 196, 199 court, 211–12 Thiessen, Hillard von, 7 Wickhart, Carl Valerius, 113 Thirty Years’ War, 89 Wicquefort, Abraham de, 93, 94–95 Thurloe, John, 123 on Russia, 157–58 Tituliarnik,71–72 William III (William of Organge) of Great Tolstoi, Petr Andreevich, count, 80, 191, 219 Britain and Ireland, 163, 182 Torcy, Jean-Baptiste Colbert de Croissy, Windler, Christian, 9 fn. 26 marquis de, 25 Wirtschaften, 171–76 Trudaine, Charles, 195 Wortman, Richard, 205 Tschernin, Thomas Zacharias, count, 177 Wrocław. See Breslau Tseremoniimeister (and ober-tseremoniimeister). See Master of ceremonies (in Russia) Zenta, 183 Zeremonialwissenschaft, 21, 58, 60, 210 Umnoi-Kolychev, Fedor Ivanovich, 87 on Russia, 35, 64–68 Urbich, Johann Christoph Freiherr Zheliabuzhskii, Ivan Afanas’evich, 129, von, 235 130, 139 Ustiug, 142 Zschackwitz, Johann Ehrenfried, 57–58, Utrecht, Peace of, 28, 54, 187, 189 64–65, 67, 246 Uxelles, Nicolas Chalon du Blé, marquis Zwantzig, Zacharias (pseud. Ehrenhart d’, 192 Zweyburg), 48–53, 59, 67, 216