DOCSLIB.ORG

Revision of Type Cambrian Formations and Sections of Montana and Yellowstone National Park

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Revision of Type Cambrian Formations and Sections of Montana and Yellowstone National Park BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA VOL. 47, PP. 1257-1342. 2 PLS., lOFIGS. AUGUST 31. 1936 REVISION OF TYPE CAMBRIAN FORMATIONS AND SECTIONS OF MONTANA AND YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK BY CHARLES DEISS CONTENTS Page Introduction..................................................................................................... 1258 The problem.............................................................................................. 1258 Field procedure.......................................................................................... 1259 The area.................................................................................................... 1260 Acknowledgments...................................................................................... 1260 Historical summary of Cambrian stratigraphie nomenclature in Montana and Yellowstone National Park............................................................................ 1261 Cambrian sections in central and southern Montana and Yellowstone National Park.............................................................................................................. 1268 General statement..................................................................................... 1268 Section on north side of Belt Creek valley, Little Belt Mountains...............1269 Section on Keegan Butte and South Hill, Little Belt Mountains................. 1274 Section on north side of Dry Wolf Creek valley, Little Belt Mountains...... 1278 Section on north side of Yogo Gulch, Little Belt Mountains........................ 1283 Section on north side of Checkerboard Creek, Castle Mountains................. 1286 Section near Half Moon Pass, Big Snowy Mountains.................................. 1290 Section on north side of Beaver Creek valley, Big Belt Mountains.............. 1295 Section on north side of upper Beaver Creek valley.................................... 1300 Section along Grizzly and Oro Fino gulches, Helena district........................ 1303 Section in vicinity of Nixon Gulch, Three Forks quadrangle........................ 1311 Section on northwest spur of Crowfoot Ridge, Gallatin Range, Yellowstone National Park........................................................................................ 1318 Cambrian formations........................................................................................ 1325 General statement..................................................................................... 1325 Flathead sandstone.................................................................................... 1326 Original definition............................................................................... 1326 Discussion........................................................................................... 1327 Emended definition............................................................................. 1328 Wolsey shale.............................................................................................. 1328 Original definition............................................................................... 1328 Discussion........................................................................................... 1329 Emended definition............................................................................. 1329 Fossils................................................................................................ 1330 Meagher limestone..................................................................................... 1330 Original definition............................................................................... 1330 Discussion........................................................................................... 1330 Emended definition............................................................................. 1331 Fossils................................................................................................ 1332 (1257) Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/47/8/1257/3415411/BUL47_8-1257.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 1258 CHARLES DEISS— TYPE CAMBRIAN FORMATIONS AND SECTIONS Page Park shale................................................................................................. 1332 Original definition............................................................................... 1332 Discussion.......................................................................................... 1332 Emended definition............................................................................. 1333 Fossils................................................................................................ 1333 Pilgrim limestone....................................................................................... 1333 Original definition............................................................................... 1333 Discussion........................................................................................... 1334 Emended definition............................................................................. 1334 Fossils................................................................................................ 1335 Dry Creek shale......................................................................................... 1335 Original definition............................................................................... 1335 Discussion........................................................................................... 1336 Emended definition............................................................................. 1336 Fossils................................................................................................ 1337 Yogo limestone.......................................................................................... 1337 Original definition............................................................................... 1337 Discussion........................................................................................... 1337 Correlation of formations.................................................................................. 1337 Conclusions...................................................................................................... 1340 Errata.............................................................................................................. 1341 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Comparison of Weed’s original and the emended Belt Creek sections........... 1273 2. Comparison of Weed’s original and the emended Keegan Butte-South Hill sections................................................................................................... 1278 3. Comparison of Weed’s original and the emended Dry Wolf Creek sections... 1282 4. Comparison of Weed’s original and the emended Yogo Gulch sections..... 1285 5. Comparison of Weed and Pirsson’s original and the emended Checkerboard Creek sections......................................................................................... 1289 6. Comparison of Calvert’s original and the emended Half Moon Pass sections . 1294 7. Comparison of Walcott’s original and the emended Beaver Creek sections... 1301 8. Comparison of Weed’s original and the emended Helena sections............ 1308 9. Comparison of Peale’s original and the emended Three Forks sections..... 1317 10. Comparison of Weed’s original and the emended Crowfoot Ridge sections... 1324 Plate Facing page 1. Map of area showing location of geographic and physiographic features....... 1260 2. Tentative correlation of emended Cambrian formations in the type sections 1338 INTRODUCTION THE PROBLEM The work of investigators, during the past decade, upon the Cambrian sediments and fossils of central and southern Montana and northwestern Wyoming, has shown conclusively that further productive stratigraphie work could not be done until the exact meaning of Weed’s original for­ mations is made known. Four field seasons in the Rocky Mountains of northwestern Montana, and several years’ study of the faunas, plus two months in the summer of 1934 comparing the new genera and species Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/47/8/1257/3415411/BUL47_8-1257.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 THE PROBLEM 1259 directly with the type Cambrian fossils in the United States National Museum, forced the writer to the same conclusion. Examination of the geologic literature shows that the original definitions of formation names were not adhered to by later writers, and that different workers have not referred to the same strata by the same names. This confusion of terms is reflected in the erroneous assignment of certain species to widely dif­ ferent formations. Data for the solution of five important problems were needed. These problems are: (1) where are the original type Cambrian sections and type localities of the described formations located; (2) are the forma­ tions, as originally defined, readily recognizable in the field—i.e., are the original definitions valid and usable, or must they be emended or dis­ carded; (3) are the thicknesses originally given reasonably accurate, and are they uniform throughout the area; (4) what are the exact strati- graphic horizons within each formation from which fossils are known; and (5) what are the more important published species that may be used as indices to the different formations. FIELD PROCEDURE All the literature dealing with the Cambrian geology of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tillinghast Creek Ranch in Belt Park Is Located in Belt
    Tillinghast CreekBELT, MONTANARanch in Belt Park Hunting | Ranching | Fly Fishing | Conservation BELT,Tillinghast MONTANA Creek Ranch in Belt Park Introduction: Tillinghast Creek Ranch in Belt Park is located in Belt, Montana, near the historic town of Neihart in the Little Belt Mountains. This idyllic 325-acre ranch is a sportsman’s paradise. A trout filled stream, lush meadows and forests offer excellent fishing and hunting adventures. The ranch is a one-hour drive from Great Falls, which is Montana’s second largest city and a center for cultural activities. Commercial air service is available at the Great Falls International Airport. There are many recreational opportunities from bird watching to small stream fishing to big game and bird hunting, available on the ranch and nearby in the neighboring national forest. Skiing and hiking can be enjoyed at the nearby Showdown Ski Area and Kings Hill Recreational Area. Both are a twenty- minute drive from the ranch. This ranch is custom-made for the outdoor enthusiast in a setting that is unrivalled. Jack McInerney, Sales Associate Craig Janssen, Associate Broker Toll Free: 866.734.6100 Office: 406.586.6010 www.LiveWaterProperties.com Location: The ranch is located in western Montana, in Belt, twelve miles from two old mining towns, Monarch and Neihart. Great Falls is a one-hour drive northwest on Highway 89, also known as the Kings Hill Scenic Byway. Snow removal crews work throughout the winter season to keep this highway open for year round access. Highway 89 spans Montana, connecting Glacier and Yellowstone National Parks. The Great Falls International Airport provides service by four major airline carriers.
    [Show full text]
  • Ruby River Access Sites Secured by Bruce Farling Hen the Topic of Stream Access Families, There Would Be No Formal Fishing Ago
    SPRING TROUT LINE 2016 Newsletter from the Montana Council of Trout Unlimited Ruby River access sites secured by Bruce Farling hen the topic of stream access families, there would be no formal fishing ago. Because of budget constraints, and the Ruby River is raised access sites for 40-plus river miles below some caused by limits imposed by Win Montana it’s often related the Vigilante Fishing Access Site a couple the Legislature, as well as demands at to absentee landowner James Cox miles downstream of the Ruby River Dam. some of the other 330 sites in FWP’s Kennedy from Atlanta and his 15-year Three county bridge popular fishing access legal and political efforts to prevent the rights-of-way provide site program, the public from accessing this great fishery. the only other points department didn’t However, not all stories about stream of access on the lower have adequate funding access coming from the Ruby Valley river. But the bridges to renew the leases for are as distressing as the Kennedy tale. have limited parking. the previous agreed Recently we can thank some civic-minded Plus, Mr. Kennedy upon price. The ranchers and, in part, Montana TU and has contested bridge Doornbos, Barnosky three of its chapters for a bit of good access in court and and Guillame families, news about the Ruby. made getting to the however, graciously Since the mid-1990s, three long- river at those spots agreed to lease the time ranching families in the valley have physically difficult access sites at a much- been leasing portions of their properties with his fencing schemes.
    [Show full text]
  • Montana State Parks Guide Reservations for Camping and Other Accommodations: Toll Free: 1-855-922-6768 Stateparks.Mt.Gov
    For more information about Montana State Parks: 406-444-3750 TDD: 406-444-1200 website: stateparks.mt.gov P.O. Box 200701 • Helena, MT 59620-0701 Montana State Parks Guide Reservations for camping and other accommodations: Toll Free: 1-855-922-6768 stateparks.mt.gov For general travel information: 1-800-VISIT-MT (1-800-847-4868) www.visitmt.com Join us on Twitter, Facebook & Instagram If you need emergency assistance, call 911. To report vandalism or other park violations, call 1-800-TIP-MONT (1-800-847-6668). Your call can be anonymous. You may be eligible for a reward. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks strives to ensure its programs, sites and facilities are accessible to all people, including those with disabilities. To learn more, or to request accommodations, call 406-444-3750. Cover photo by Jason Savage Photography Lewis and Clark portrait reproductions courtesy of Independence National Historic Park Library, Philadelphia, PA. This document was produced by Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks and was printed at state expense. Information on the cost of this publication can be obtained by contacting Montana State Parks. Printed on Recycled Paper © 2018 Montana State Parks MSP Brochure Cover 15.indd 1 7/13/2018 9:40:43 AM 1 Whitefish Lake 6 15 24 33 First Peoples Buffalo Jump* 42 Tongue River Reservoir Logan BeTableaverta ilof Hill Contents Lewis & Clark Caverns Les Mason* 7 16 25 34 43 Thompson Falls Fort3-9 Owen*Historical Sites 28. VisitorMadison Centers, Buff Camping,alo Ju mp* Giant Springs* Medicine Rocks Whitefish Lake 8 Fish Creek 17 Granite11-15 *Nature Parks 26DisabledMissouri Access Headw ibility aters 35 Ackley Lake 44 Pirogue Island* WATERTON-GLACIER INTERNATIONAL 2 Lone Pine* PEACE PARK9 Council Grove* 18 Lost Creek 27 Elkhorn* 36 Greycliff Prairie Dog Town* 45 Makoshika Y a WHITEFISH < 16-23 Water-based Recreation 29.
    [Show full text]
  • Glacier Area Emergency Response Action Plan
    GLACIER AREA EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACTION PLAN PHMSA Sequence Number 2987 EPA FRP ID Number (Pending) Owner/Operator: Phillips 66 2331 City West Blvd. Houston, Texas 77042 24-Hour Number: (800) 231-2551 or (877) 267-2290 Page A7-1 Confidentiality Notice: This document is for the sole use of the intended recipient(s) and contains information that is considered to be proprietary to Phillips 66. Any unauthorized review, use, disclosure or distribution is strictly prohibited. Glacier Area Appendix 7: Response Zone Appendix ERAP Appendix 7: ERAP Table of Contents 7.1 Area Information ........................................................................................................1 7.1.1 Glacier Crude North .......................................................................................1 7.1.2 Cut Bank Station ............................................................................................ 4 7.1.3 Tank Table .....................................................................................................5 7.2 Communication Equipment ........................................................................................6 7.3 Notification Sequence ................................................................................................7 7.4 Emergency Notification Contact List ........................................................................ 10 7.5 Emergency Response Equipment, Testing & Deployment ....................................... 13 7.6 Evacuation Plan ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Trilobites from the Park Shale of Montana and Yellowstone National Park
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1939 Trilobites from the Park Shale of Montana and Yellowstone National Park N. M. Denson The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Denson, N. M., "Trilobites from the Park Shale of Montana and Yellowstone National Park" (1939). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 7171. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/7171 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TRILOBITES FHOM THE PARK SHALE OF MONTANA AND YELLOWSTONE NATIŒAL PARK by Norman D«aison Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Maater of Arte Montana State University 1939 Approved* Chairman^ Board of Examinera Chairman, Committee on Graduate Study UMI Number: EP37972 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction Is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, If material had to be removed, a note will Indicate the deletion. UMT Oi«s«rtadiion PUbKfthtng UMI EP37972 Published by ProQuest LLC (2013). Copyright In the Dissertation held by the Author.
    [Show full text]
  • Hunting Districts 315 and 580)
    CRAZY MOUNTAINS EMU (Hunting Districts 315 and 580) Description: This 1,708-square-mile EMU includes the Crazy Mountain Range and adjacent foothill and prairie habitats in south central Montana. The area is a mixture of private (78%) and public (22%) lands, including portions of both the Gallatin and Lewis and Clark national forests (16%), state school trust lands (DNRC – 5%), and USDI Bureau of Land Management (BLM – 0.2%). Land ownership patterns within the boundary of the national forests are characterized by checkerboard ownership. The EMU contains two roadless areas encompassing 149,467 acres of public and private lands that offer wilderness-type recreation. However, much of this roadless area is not elk habitat. This EMU contains over 590,000 acres of occupied elk habitat (54% of EMU). National forest lands provide a large portion of spring, summer and fall elk habitat, but private lands in mountain foothill and sagebrush-grassland habitats provide over 80% of elk winter range during normal winters and virtually all of the available winter range during severe winters. Public Access: Access by road to elk habitat is limited in most of HD 580 where the checkerboard pattern of land ownership complicates management of access. With few exceptions, public access to elk habitat on the north and east slopes of the Crazies is controlled entirely by private landowners. There are only 3 points in HD 580 where the public may legally access national forest lands – the Big Timber Canyon road in the southeast corner, the Cottonwood Creek/Forest Lake road on the north end and Sixteenmile Creek in the northwest corner of the hunting district.
    [Show full text]
  • Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks Pobox527
    FWP.MT.GOV THE OUTSIDE IS IN US ALL Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks 4600 Giant Springs Road Great Falls, MT 59405 July 10,2020 Dear Interested Party: The enclosed draft Environmental Assessment (EA) has been prepared regarding a proposal to reintroduce marten to the Little Belt Mountains in central Montana. Marten were historically present in the Little Belts but were likely extirpated by the early 20th century. Habitat models and biologists predict that there is extensive high-quality marten habitat in the Little Belts and marten currently occur in adjacent mountain ranges. FWP proposes to initially capture up to 60 marten in southwest MT over the next two winters. The intent of the reintroduction is to establish a selÊsustaining and genetically diverse population of marten in the Little Belt Mountain complex. Additional copies of the draft EA are available at Montana Fish, V/ildlife & Parks in Great Falls at (406) 454-5840. The draft EA is also available on the F'WP website at http://fi¡¡p.mt.gov/news/publicNotices/. A2l-day public review and comment period will be available July 10 - July 31,2020. Written comment should be delivered to the following address: Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks POBox527 White Sulphur Springs, MT 59645 Or email comments to: [email protected] Thank you for your interest and involvement, Sincerely, ¿ Gary Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks Region 4 V/ildlife Supervisor Great Falls, MT [email protected] (406) 4s4-s840 FWP M-I,GOV THË OUTSIDE IS IN US ALL, ReÍntroduction of Marten to the Little Belt Mountains July, 2020 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Project Proposal.
    [Show full text]
  • American Fork, Balsinger, and Woods Creek Fires Update
    American Fork, Balsinger, and Woods Creek Fires Update Sunday, August 22, 2021 – 10:00 a.m. Rocky Mountain Type 1 Incident Management Team Dan Dallas, Incident Commander Information phone: 406-426-9612 Email: [email protected] Information staffing hours: 8:00 am – 8:00 pm Special Notes: Tonight at 8pm, the Fire Department of New York (FDNY) Type 2 Incident Management Team will assume command of the Balsinger and Woods Creek Fires. The Albuquerque Zone Type 3 Incident Management Team will assume command of the American Fork Fire. Current Situation: Cool, wet weather continues to limit fire behavior. Firefighters are strengthening containment and contingency lines and working to add containment on the Woods Creek and American Fork fires. Due to more accurate mapping, the acreage estimates for the Balsinger and Woods Creek Fires are slightly different today. American Fork Fire Acreage: 21,876 | Containment: 57% | Start date: July 17, 2021 | Cause: Lightning | Personnel: 132 The American Fork Fire is burning in the central part of the Crazy Mountains, approximately 24 miles southwest of Harlowton, Montana. On the east side of the fire, crews in Division A are working with engines to contain the remaining line near the Middle Fork American Fork Creek. The southeast portion of the fire is in patrol status. In Division P, firefighters will continue constructing direct fire line from Buck Creek Road, working east. Engines and crews are improving containment lines. There has been no change in the fire perimeter for ten days on the west side. They are backhauling pumps, tanks, and equipment around structures.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Falls Genealogy Library Current Collection October, 2019 Page 1 GFGS # Title Subtitle Author Co-Author Copyright Date
    Great Falls Genealogy Library Current Collection October, 2019 GFGS # Title Subtitle Author Co-Author Copyright Date 1st Description 4859 Ancestral Lineages Seattle Perkins, Estelle Ruth 1956 WA 10748 ??Why?? Pray, Montana Doris Whithorn 1997 MT Historical & Genealogical Soc. of 3681 'Mongst the Hills of Somerset c.1980 PA Somerset Co.,Inc 5892 "Big Dreams in a Small Town" Big Sandy Homecoming 1995 1995 Homecoming Committee 1995 MT 7621 "Come, Blackrobe" De Smet and the Indian Tragedy Killoren, John J., S.J. 2003 Indians 10896 "Enlightened Selfishness": Montana's Sun River Proj Judith Kay Fabry 1993 MT 10312 "I Will Be Meat Fo My Salish"… Bon I. Whealdon Edited by Robert Bigart 2001 INDIANS 7320 "Keystone Kuzzins" Index Volume 1 - 8 Erie Society PA 10491 "Moments to Remember" 1950-1959 Decade Reunion University of Montana The Alumni Center 1960 MT 8817 "Our Crowd" The Great Jewish Families of New York Stephen Birmingham 1967 NEW YORK 8437 "Paper Talk" Charlie Russell's American West Dippie, Brian W. Editor 1979 MT 9837 "Railroads To Rockets" 1887-1962 Diamond Jubilee Phillips County, Montana Historical Book Committee 1962 MT 296 "Second Census" of Kentucky - 1800 Clift, G. Glenn c.1954 KY "The Coming Man From Canton": Chinese Exper. In 10869 Christopher W. Merritt 2010 MT MT 1862-1943 9258 "The Golden Triangle" Homesteaading In Montana Ephretta J. Risley 1975 MT 8723 "The Whole Country was…'One Robe'" The Little Shell Tribe's America Nicholas C. P. Vrooman 2012 Indians 7461 "To Protect and Serve" Memories of a Police Officer Klemencic, Richard "Klem" 2001 MT 10471 "Yellowstone Kelly" The Memoirs of Luther S.
    [Show full text]
  • National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form 1. Name 2. Location 3. Classification 4. Owner of Property 5
    FHH-8-300 (11-78) United States Department off the Interior Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries complete applicable sections 1. Name historic GREAT FALLS PORTAGE NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK and/or common 2. Location street & number not for publication Second city, town Great Falls vicinity of congressional district Cascade 013 state Montana CQde 30 county code 3. Classification Category Ownership Stai bus Present Use X district public ** .occupied xx agriculture museum «V"-M* building(s) private xx 4inoccupied commercial .sVjEV ttflfitf structure ^^ both work in progress educational xx private residence site Public Acquisition Ace essible entertainment religious object in process xx yes: restricted government scientific being considered yes: unrestricted industrial transportation no military xx oi.hei.'. cemetery 4. Owner of Property name Office of the Mayor/ State Department of Fish and Game/multiple private and public ownership street & number city, town vicinity of state 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Cascade County Courthouse street & number city, town Great Falls, state Montana 6. Representation in Existing Surveys NONE title has this property been determined elegible? __ yes no date federal state county local depository for survey records city, town state 7. Description Condition Check one Check one excellent deteriorated unaltered xx original site ** flood ruins altered moved dpte fair unexposed Describe the present and original (if known) physical appearance Lewis and Clark were probably the first white men to view the Great Falls of the Missouri, the fourteen-mile stretch of falls and rapids where the river drops 520 feet over five great rock shelves and the river channel rushes between 200 foot high canyon-like walls.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Abundance and Habitat Relations of an Insular Montane Avifauna
    Condor, 80:1-14 @ The Cooper Ornithological Society 1978 SPECIES ABUNDANCE AND HABITAT RELATIONS OF AN INSULAR MONTANE AVIFAUNA LARRY S. THOMPSON The impoverishment of avifaunas inhabiting visit the higher elevations, and noted “no oceanic islands has been noted for many avian specialties” in the area. decades, but it was not until the formulation of the equilibrium theory of MacArthur and STUDY AREA AND METHODS Wilson (1963, 1967) that reasons for the ob- The Great Plains region of north-central Montana served impoverishment could satisfactorily be and adjacent Canada (Fig. 1) is largely characterized postulated and, more importantly, tested. Re- by monotonous expanses of semi-arid steppe and dry cently, equilibrium theory has been tested cropland. Several isolated mountain ranges rise as using data from continental island systems, “islands” above the nrairie “sea” in this region. form- inoluding the insular alpine avifaunas of the ing a fringing archipelago of montane habitat off the Cordilleran “mainland.” These montane islands Andes (Vuilleumier 1970) and the insular (Fig. 1) support coniferous forests and would appear montane avifaunas of the Great Basin (John- to provide suitable habitat for breeding bird com- son 1975, Behle 1977). These data have shown munities similar to those of the Rocky Mountains. that, in addition to the “classical” deter- Coniferous forests of river breaks are not uplifted and, hence, not truly montane. minants of insular species number (namely, I studied the Sweetgrass Hills, which are a group island area and width of barrier), habitat of three intrusive buttes approximately 140 km E of diversity is also an important determinant of the Rocky Mountains.
    [Show full text]
  • TCEF Research Project for LEWIS and CLARK NATIONAL FOREST
    This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. APPENDIX A BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT TCEF Research Project for LEWIS AND CLARK NATIONAL FOREST PREPARED BY Donald Godtel Forest Wildlife Biologist December 17, 1997 Updated November 1, 1998 to reflect status of lynx I. INTRODUCTION An environmental analysis has been prepared which describes and evaluates the management alternatives for the timber harvest and bW11ing within the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest (TCEF) project area. The project area lies within the headwaters of the Tenderfoot drainage of the Lewis and Clark National Forest (Map I-I ofEA). The purpose of this biological assessment is to review the possible effects of the preferred alternative on endangered, threatened, proposed and candidate species and their habitats in order to determine whether or not a "may adversely affect" situation exists. The preferred alternative (Alternative 2) will test an array of management treatments for re­ generating and restoring healthy lodgepole pine forests through emulation of natural distur­ bance processes, but avoiding catastrophic scale disturbances. This research project will harvest timber in two treatment sub-watersheds, Spring Park Creek and Sun Creek. These drainages have hydrologically matched sub-watersheds located to the west of each which will be used as control areas for treatment sub-watershed effects. An additional control area will be the headwaters of Tenderfoot Creek which is a Research Natural Area (Onion Park RNA). The silvicultural system used will be shelterwood with reserves using even distribution of single or small groups and uneven distribution and shape of large residual groups.
    [Show full text]