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Abandoned-Inactive Mines on Lewis and Clark National Forest-Administered Land

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Abandoned-Inactive Mines on Lewis and Clark National Forest-Administered Land Abandoned-Inactive Mines on Lewis and Clark National Forest-Administered Land Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Abandoned-Inactive Mines Program Open-File Report MBMG 413 Phyllis A. Hargrave Michael D. Kerschen Geno W. Liva Jeffrey D. Lonn Catherine McDonald John J. Metesh Robert Wintergerst Prepared for the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service-Region 1 Abandoned-Inactive Mines on Lewis and Clark National Forest-Administered Land Open-File Report MBMG 413 Reformatted for .pdf April 2000 Phyllis A. Hargrave Michael D. Kerschen Geno W. Liva Jeffrey D. Lonn Catherine McDonald John J. Metesh Robert Wintergerst Prepared for the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service-Region 1 Contents Page List of Figures ............................................................. iv List of Tables .............................................................. vi Introduction ...............................................................1 1.1 Project Objectives ..................................................1 1.2 Abandoned and Inactive Mines Defined ..................................2 1.3 Health and Environmental Problems at Mines ..............................2 1.3.1 Acid-Mine Drainage .........................................3 1.3.2 Solubilities of Selected Metals ..................................4 1.3.3 The Use of pH and SC to Identify Problems ........................5 1.4 Methodology ......................................................6 1.4.1 Data Sources ...............................................6 1.4.2 Pre-Field Screening ..........................................6 1.4.3 Field Screening .............................................7 1.4.3.1 Collection of Geologic Samples ..........................8 1.4.4 Field Methods ..............................................9 1.4.4.1 Selection of Sample Sites ..............................9 1.4.4.2 Collection of Water and Soil Samples ....................10 1.4.4.3 Marking and Labeling Sample Sites ......................10 1.4.4.4 Existing Data ......................................11 1.4.5 Analytical Methods .........................................11 1.4.6 Standards .................................................11 1.4.6.1 Soil Standards ......................................12 1.4.6.2 Water-Quality Standards ..............................13 1.4.7 Analytical Results ..........................................13 1.5 Lewis and Clark National Forest ......................................15 1.5.1.1 Production ........................................17 1.5.1.2 Milling ...........................................18 1.6 Summary of the Lewis and Clark National Forest Investigation ...............18 1.7 Mining Districts and Drainage Basins ...................................19 Smith, Belt, Judith, Musselshell and Other Drainages ................................20 2.1 Geology .........................................................25 2.2 Economic Geology .................................................29 2.3 Hydrology and Hydrogeology ........................................30 2.4 Summary of the Smith, Belt, Judith, and Musselshell Drainages ...............31 2.5 Silver Dyke ......................................................36 2.6 Double X or XX Mine ..............................................41 ii 2.7 Haystack Creek Mine and Iron Spring ..................................45 2.8 Snow Creek and Big Seven Mine ......................................49 2.9 Carpenter Creek Tailings ............................................53 2.10 Eighty-Eight or “88" Mine ..........................................58 2.11 Sites contributing to Belt Creek ......................................61 2.12 Block 'P' Tailings .................................................67 2.13 Lower mill tailings along Dry Fork Belt Creek ...........................73 2.14 Jumbo (Lucky Boy) / New Deal (Boss) and Kid’s Dream Mines ..............77 2.15 Dr. Barnette’s (Montana Copper) Mine ................................81 2.16 Belle of the Castle Mine and Copper Bowl / Copper Kettle Claims ............86 2.17 Unnamed DCAA2,8N,8E Mine ......................................90 2.18 Unnamed AABD sec. 11,T8N,R8E Mine ...............................94 2.19 Hamilton Mine ...................................................98 2.20 Powderly (Silver Spoon) Mine ......................................104 2.21 Cumberland Mine ................................................108 2.22 Blue Dick Mill ..................................................113 2.23 Ben Franklin Mine ...............................................117 2.24 Summary of the Belt Creek, Musselshell, Judith and Smith River Drainage .....122 References ...............................................................125 Appendix I USFS-MBMG Field Form Appendix II List of Sites in the Lewis and Clark National Forest Appendix III Description of Mines and Mill Sites Appendix IV Soil and Water Analytical Results iii List of Figures Figure Page 1. The location of a mine ....................................................8 2. The Lewis and Clark National Forest .......................................16 3. Abandoned-inactive mines in the Belt, Smith, Musselshell, and Judith drainage ........21 4. Abandoned- inactive mines in the Rocky Mountain division .......................23 5a. Extent of the Belt Basin sea in Montana .....................................25 5b. Limit of Precambrian Belt rocks in the Helena embayment .......................26 6. General geology of Lewis and Clark National Forest ............................27 7. Sample sites on the upper reaches of Carpenter Creek ...........................38 7a. Carpenter Creek actively erodes the Silver Dyke tailings .........................39 7b. The adit discharge from the Silver Dyke Mine .................................39 8. Schematic of the Double X and Mackay Creek mines ...........................42 8a. At the Double X, small flow on a fraction of LCNF-administered land ...............43 8b. The lower stretches of Mackay Creek are clear, ...............................43 9. Schematic of the Haystack Creek area and sample sites. .........................46 9a. The Haystack Creek Iron Spring discharged water (sample BHFS10H) ..............47 9b. Haystack Creek looked clear and clean ......................................47 10. Schematic of the lower Carpenter Creek area .................................51 10a. Snow Creek was sampled upstream (BSNS20M) from the Snow Creek mill tailings ....52 10b. The Snow Creek millsite bears remnants of its past including a vat with crushed ore ....52 11. The Carpenter Creek tailings ..............................................55 11a. Rills and gullies dissected the surface of the upper impoundment ...................56 12. Schematic map of the Neihart (Montana) mining district .........................59 12a. Upstream of the Eighty-Eight Mine on Carpenter Creek .........................60 12b. Downstream of the Eighty-Eight Mine on Carpenter Creek .......................60 13. Generalized map of the Neihart (Montana) mining district. .......................63 13a. The upstream sample (BBCS10M) was taken early in the morning .................64 13b. The final downstream sample (BBCS50L) ....................................64 13c. Rock Creek (lower right) joins Belt Creek ....................................65 14. Generalized map of the Barker Block ‘P’ tailings ..............................69 15. Brunton and tape map of the Block ‘P’ tailings ................................70 15a. The Block ‘P’ mill tailings upstream sample site ...............................71 15b. The Block ‘P’ tailings are on private land ....................................71 16. The lower tailings on Dry Fork Belt Creek ...................................74 16a. The lower tailings on Dry Fork Belt Creek ...................................75 16b. Lower tailings on Dry Fork Belt Creek ......................................75 17. Schematic map of the New Deal and Kid’s Dream Mine sites .....................79 17a. A small prospect pit at the New Deal Mine ...................................80 17b. Several drums at the Kid’s Dream ..........................................80 18. Dr. Barnette’s or Montana Copper Mine occurred in a remote drainage .............83 iv 18a. The adit at Dr. Barnette’s Mine ............................................84 18b. The waste dump at Dr. Barnette’s ..........................................84 19. The Belle of the Castle patented claim and the unpatented Copper Bowl .............88 19a. Mine waste was used in building the road into the Belle of the Castle ...............89 19b. Sample site HBCS30L ..................................................89 20. Sketch map of the Unnamed DCAA2,8N,8E Mine, June 1998. ....................92 20a. Hensley Creek eroded the toe of the mine’s waste-rock dump .....................93 20b. Sample HPSS10L was collected from Hensley Creek, upstream of the site ...........93 21. Sketch map of the Unnamed AABD sec. 11,8N,8E Mine, June 1998. ...............96 21a. Moss, grass, and algae grew along the course of the small adit discharge .............97 21b. The unnamed mine in sec. 11 .............................................97 22. The Hamilton Mine represented an intact mine ...............................100 22a. The Hamilton Mine was a very complete mine site ............................101 22b. The waste rock dump contacted Hamilton Creek ..............................102 22c. The adit was open at least for 20 ft and was
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