The Ideal of Autonomy in US Civil Rights Movement 1954–1978
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The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr
THE PAPERS OF MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. Initiated, by The King Center in association with Stanford University After a request to negotiate with the Albany City Commission on 27July 1962 was denied, King, Ralph Abernathy, William G. Anderson, and seven others are escorted to jail by Police Chief Laurie Pritchett for disorderly conduct, congregating on the sidewalk, and disobeying a police officer. © Corbis. THE PAPERS OF MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. VOLUME VII To Save the Soul of America January 1961-August 1962 Senior Editor Clayborne Carson Volume Editor Tenisha Armstrong UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Oakland, California Writings of Martin Luther King, Jr., © 2014 by the Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr. Introduction, editorial footnotes, and apparatus © 2014 by the Martin Luther King, Jr., Papers Project. © 2014 by The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information, address queries as appropriate to: Reproduction in print or recordings of the works of Martin Luther King, Jr.: the Estate of Martin Luther KingJr., in Atlanta, Georgia. All other queries: Rights Department, University of California Press, Oakland, California. -
Marching Through '64
MARCHING THROUGH '64 David J. Garrow Wilson Quarterly Spring 1998, Volume 22, pp. 98-101. Section: Current Books PILLAR OF FIRE: America in the King Years, 1963-65. By Taylor Branch. Simon & Schuster. 746 pp. $30 Pillar of Fire is the second volume of Taylor Branch's projected threevolume history of the American black freedom struggle during the 1950s and 1960s. Ten years ago, Branch published his first volume, Parting the Waters, a richly detailed account of the civil rights movement that covered the years 1954-63 in 922 pages of text. Ending with the aftermath of John F. Kennedy's November 22 assassination, Parting the Waters was intended to be the first of two volumes that would carry the story forward until Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination on April 4, 1968. But Branch changed plans, expanding his history from two volumes to three. Pillar of Fire covers the movement's history from December 1963 until February 1965 in 613 pages of text. Or, to be more precise, about 419 pages of text, for the first 194 pages are devoted to recapitulating much of the 1962-63 history that the author comprehensively treated in Parting the Waters. Should Pillar of Fire be evaluated by itself, or should it be assessed in tandem with Parting the Waters? As King often said, most "either-or" questions-this one included-are best answered with "bothand" responses. Comparing Pillar with Parting raises two questions: why devote almost one-third of Pillar to a reprise of Parting, and why allocate 400-plus pages to essentially just 1964, when all of 1954 through 1963 merited "only" 900? In the author's defense, his readers- whether or not they read Parting the Waters a decade ago-deserve some recapitulation, and 1963 and 1964 almost inarguably were the crucial years of the civil rights movement. -
Black Women, Educational Philosophies, and Community Service, 1865-1965/ Stephanie Y
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 1-1-2003 Living legacies : Black women, educational philosophies, and community service, 1865-1965/ Stephanie Y. Evans University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1 Recommended Citation Evans, Stephanie Y., "Living legacies : Black women, educational philosophies, and community service, 1865-1965/" (2003). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 915. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/915 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. M UMASS. DATE DUE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST LIVING LEGACIES: BLACK WOMEN, EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES, AND COMMUNITY SERVICE, 1865-1965 A Dissertation Presented by STEPHANIE YVETTE EVANS Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2003 Afro-American Studies © Copyright by Stephanie Yvette Evans 2003 All Rights Reserved BLACK WOMEN, EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOHIES, AND COMMUNITY SERVICE, 1865-1964 A Dissertation Presented by STEPHANIE YVETTE EVANS Approved as to style and content by: Jo Bracey Jr., Chair William Strickland, -
Extensions of Remarks E1775 HON. SAM GRAVES HON
December 10, 2014 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E1775 On a personal note, Aubrey was a dear son to ever serve in the House of Representa- U.S. Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison, U.S. Sen- friend and loyal supporter. I will always re- tives, the oldest person ever elected to a ator Lloyd Bentsen, T. Boone Pickens, H. member his kindness and his concern for peo- House term and the oldest House member Ross Perot, Red Adair, Bo Derek, Chuck Nor- ple who deserved a second chance. I will al- ever to a cast a vote. Mr. HALL is also the last ris, Ted Williams, Tom Hanks and The Ink ways remember him as a kind, gentle, loving, remaining Congressman who served our na- Spots. and brilliant human being who gave so much tion during World War II. He works well with both Republicans and to others. And for all of these accomplishments, I Democrats, but he ‘‘got religion,’’ in 2004, and Today, California’s 13th Congressional Dis- would like to thank and congratulate RALPH became a Republican. Never forgetting his trict salutes and honors an outstanding indi- one more time for his service to the country Democrat roots, he commented, ‘‘Being a vidual, Dr. Aubrey O’Neal Dent. His dedication and his leadership in the Texas Congressional Democrat was more fun.’’ and efforts have impacted so many lives Delegation. RALPH HALL always has a story and a new, throughout the state of California. I join all of Born in Fate, Texas on May 3, 1923, HALL but often used joke. -
SITTON, CLAUDE. Claude Fox Sitton Papers, Circa 1958-2004
SITTON, CLAUDE. Claude Fox Sitton papers, circa 1958-2004 Emory University Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library Atlanta, GA 30322 404-727-6887 [email protected] Descriptive Summary Creator: Sitton, Claude. Title: Claude Fox Sitton papers, circa 1958-2004 Call Number: Manuscript Collection No. 633 Extent: 16.75 linear ft. (18 boxes) Abstract: Papers of Pulitzer Prize winning journalist Claude Sitton, including correspondence, columns and other articles written by him, his speeches, subject files, and his scrapbooks of clippings. Language: Materials entirely in English. Administrative Information Restrictions on Access Unrestricted access. Terms Governing Use and Reproduction All requests subject to limitations noted in departmental policies on reproduction. Separated Material Emory University also holds portions of the personal library of Claude Sitton, many volumes of which were annotated by Sitton. These materials may be located in the Emory University online catalog by searching for: Sitton, Claude, former owner. Source Gift, 1983, with subsequent additions. Citation [after identification of item(s)], Claude Fox Sitton papers, Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University. Processing Processed by VJHC, October 1984 . Emory Libraries provides copies of its finding aids for use only in research and private study. Copies supplied may not be copied for others or otherwise distributed without prior consent of the holding repository. Claude Fox Sitton papers, 1958-1990 Manuscript Collection No. 633 This finding aid may include language that is offensive or harmful. Please refer to the Rose Library's harmful language statement for more information about why such language may appear and ongoing efforts to remediate racist, ableist, sexist, homophobic, euphemistic and other oppressive language. -
Ahimsa Center- K-12 Teacher Institute Title of Lesson: the Courage Of
Ahimsa Center- K-12 Teacher Institute Title of Lesson: The Courage of Direct Action through Nonviolence in the Montgomery Bus Boycott Lesson By: Cara McCarthy Grade Level/ Subject Areas: Class Size: Time/Duration of Lesson: Fourth Grade 20-25 1 – 2 days Guiding Questions: • Is nonviolence courageous? Do you think nonviolence is more or less courageous than violence? • What was the effect of direct action (the disciplined nonviolent use of the body to protest injustice) on the Montgomery bus boycott? • Did Martin Luther King, Jr. create the Black Freedom Movement or did the movement create Martin Luther King, Jr. ? Use the example of Rosa Parks to explain your thinking. • Explain how the legacy of Rosa Parks bears witness to many of Martin Luther King Jr’s principles of nonviolence including education, personal commitment and direct action. Lesson Abstract: The students will explore the power of nonviolence inspired by Gandhi and disseminated by Dr. Dr. King in the Black Freedom Movement, which demanded equal rights for all humanity regardless of race or ethnicity. They will explore the power of direct action, disciplined nonviolence as practiced by a group of people (individually or en masse) in order to achieve a political/social justice goal. They will explore the impact of individual contributions to the dismantling of segregation through the practice of direct action as illustrated by the historical contribution of Rosa Parks. Her arrest propelled Dr. King and his belief in the philosophy of nonviolent direct action to the forefront of the Civil Rights Movement. Lesson Content: Dr. King, the leader of the Black Freedom Movement in the United States of America, advocated and practiced nonviolence in response to the aggressive and violent actions perpetrated by a strict system of segregation. -
A Summary of the Contributions of Four Key African American Female Figures of the Civil Rights Movement
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 12-1994 A Summary of the Contributions of Four Key African American Female Figures of the Civil Rights Movement Michelle Margaret Viera Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Viera, Michelle Margaret, "A Summary of the Contributions of Four Key African American Female Figures of the Civil Rights Movement" (1994). Master's Theses. 3834. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/3834 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A SUMMARY OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF FOUR KEY AFRICAN AMERICAN FEMALE FIGURES OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT by Michelle Margaret Viera A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of History Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan December 1994 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My appreciation is extended to several special people; without their support this thesis could not have become a reality. First, I am most grateful to Dr. Henry Davis, chair of my thesis committee, for his encouragement and sus tained interest in my scholarship. Second, I would like to thank the other members of the committee, Dr. Benjamin Wilson and Dr. Bruce Haight, profes sors at Western Michigan University. I am deeply indebted to Alice Lamar, who spent tireless hours editing and re-typing to ensure this project was completed. -
Waveland, Mississippi, November 1964: Death of Sncc, Birth of Radicalism
WAVELAND, MISSISSIPPI, NOVEMBER 1964: DEATH OF SNCC, BIRTH OF RADICALISM University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire: History Department History 489: Research Seminar Professor Robert Gough Professor Selika Ducksworth – Lawton, Cooperating Professor Matthew Pronley University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire May 2008 Abstract: The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC, pronounced Snick) was a nonviolent direct action organization that participated in the civil rights movement in the 1960s. After the Freedom Summer, where hundreds of northern volunteers came to participate in voter registration drives among rural blacks, SNCC underwent internal upheaval. The upheaval was centered on the future direction of SNCC. Several staff meetings occurred in the fall of 1964, none more important than the staff retreat in Waveland, Mississippi, in November. Thirty-seven position papers were written before the retreat in order to reflect upon the question of future direction of the organization; however, along with answers about the future direction, these papers also outlined and foreshadowed future trends in radical thought. Most specifically, these trends include race relations within SNCC, which resulted in the emergence of black self-consciousness and an exodus of hundreds of white activists from SNCC. ii Table of Contents: Abstract ii Historiography 1 Introduction to Civil Rights and SNCC 5 Waveland Retreat 16 Position Papers – Racial Tensions 18 Time after Waveland – SNCC’s New Identity 26 Conclusion 29 Bibliography 32 iii Historiography Research can both answer questions and create them. Initially I discovered SNCC though Taylor Branch’s epic volumes on the Civil Right Movements in the 1960s. Further reading revealed the role of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC, pronounced Snick) in the Civil Right Movement and opened the doors into an effective and controversial organization. -
Aspects of the Civil Rights Movement, 1946-1968: Lawyers, Law, and Legal and Social Change (CRM)
Aspects of The Civil Rights Movement, 1946-1968: Lawyers, Law, and Legal and Social Change (CRM) Syllabus Spring 2012 (N867 32187) Professor Florence Wagman Roisman Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law Office Hours: Tuesdays and Wednesday – 11:00 a.m.- 12:00 p.m. Room 385 Roy Wilkins of the NAACP “reminded King that he owed his early fame to the NAACP lawsuit that had settled the Montgomery bus boycott, and he still taunted King for being young, naïve, and ineffectual, saying that King’s methods had not integrated a single classroom in Albany or Birmingham. ‘In fact, Martin, if you have desegregated anything by your efforts, kindly enlighten me.’ ‘Well,’ King replied, ‘I guess about the only thing I’ve desegregated so far is a few human hearts.’ King smiled too, and Wilkins nodded in a tribute to the nimble, Socratic reply. ‘Yes, I’m sure you have done that, and that’s important. So, keep on doing it. I’m sure it will help the cause in the long run.’” Taylor Branch, Parting the Waters: America in the King Years 1954-1963 (Simon and Schuster 1988), p. 849. Welcome to this course in the Civil Rights Movement (CRM). I adore this course, as has almost every student who’s taken it when I’ve taught it before. I have four goals for the course: to increase and make more sophisticated our understanding of what actually happened during the CRM, to consider the various roles played by lawyers and the law in promoting (and hindering) significant social change, to see what lessons the era of the CRM suggests for apparently similar problems we face today, and to promote consideration of ways in which each of us can contribute to humane social change. -
Social Studies District • 2019
UNIVERSITY INTERSCHOLASTIC LEAGUE Social Studies District • 2019 DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE INSTRUCTED TO DO SO! UNIVERSITY INTERSCHOLASTIC LEAGUE SOCIAL STUDIES CONTEST DISTRICT SPRING 2019 Part I: General Knowledge US Civil Rights: Fulfilling a Nation’s Promise (1 point each) 1. A few weeks before the 1960 election, Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested while leading a protest in Atlanta, Georgia. _____ phoned his wife to express his concern, and helped secure her husband's release. A. Lyndon B. Johnson C. John F. Kennedy B. Richard M. Nixon D. Dwight D. Eisenhower 2. The EEOC is a government agency established by the _____ to “ensure equality of opportunity by vigorously enforcing federal legislation prohibiting discrimination in employment.” A. Equal Rights Amendment C. Fair Housing Act B. Civil Rights Act of 1964 D. Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 • Developed the 1964 Freedom Summer Project • Helped create the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party • Co-Director of Council of Federated Organizations • Developed the Algebra Project in 1982 3. All of the items listed above refer to which of the following individuals? A. Ella Baker C. Fannie Lou Hamer B. Robert Moses D. Amzie Moore 4. _____ was born August 17, 1887 in Jamaica. He gained notoriety as a charismatic black leader in Harlem who organized the first important American black nationalist movement. A. Jesse Jackson C. Malcolm X B. W.E.B. DuBois D. Marcus Garvey UIL Social Studies 1 DISTRICT • First black television producer in U.S. • Emmy, Tony, and Grammy award winner • Friend of MLK who raised thousands for CORE and SCLC projects • First platinum selling artist 5. -
Finding Aid for the James Howard Meredith Collection (MUM00293)
University of Mississippi eGrove Archives & Special Collections: Finding Aids Library November 2020 Finding Aid for the James Howard Meredith Collection (MUM00293) Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/finding_aids Recommended Citation James Howard Meredith, Archives and Special Collections, J.D. Williams Library, The University of Mississippi This Finding Aid is brought to you for free and open access by the Library at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Archives & Special Collections: Finding Aids by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Finding Aid for the James Howard Meredith Collection (MUM00293) Questions? Contact us! The James Howard Meredith Collection is open for research. Finding Aid for the James Howard Meredith Collection Table of Contents Descriptive Summary Administrative Information Subject Terms Biographical Note Scope and Content Note User Information Related Material Separated Material Arrangement Container List Descriptive Summary Title: James Howard Meredith Collection Dates: 1950-1997 (bulk 1960-1990) Collector: Meredith, James, 1933- Physical Extent: 146 boxes (75 linear feet) Repository: University of Mississippi. Department of Archives and Special Collections. University, MS 38677, USA Identification: MUM00293 Language of Material: English Abstract: Materials documenting the family, educational, and professional life of James Meredith, the first African American to attend the University of Mississippi. Includes a variety of materials relating to Meredith's enrollment process at Ole Miss and his time as a student there, as well as materials from his military service, family, later civil rights activities, and professional endeavors. Administrative Information Processing Information Collection processed by Jennifer Ford, S. E. Sarthou, Andrew Gladman, and Brian O'Flynn, 1998. -
PEGODA-DISSERTATION-2016.Pdf (3.234Mb)
© Copyright by Andrew Joseph Pegoda December, 2016 “IF YOU DO NOT LIKE THE PAST, CHANGE IT”: THE REEL CIVIL RIGHTS REVOLUTION, HISTORICAL MEMORY, AND THE MAKING OF UTOPIAN PASTS _______________ A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History University of Houston _______________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________ By Andrew Joseph Pegoda December, 2016 “IF YOU DO NOT LIKE THE PAST, CHANGE IT”: THE REEL CIVIL RIGHTS REVOLUTION, HISTORICAL MEMORY, AND THE MAKING OF UTOPIAN PASTS ____________________________ Andrew Joseph Pegoda APPROVED: ____________________________ Linda Reed, Ph.D. Committee Chair ____________________________ Nancy Beck Young, Ph.D. ____________________________ Richard Mizelle, Ph.D. ____________________________ Barbara Hales, Ph.D. University of Houston-Clear Lake ____________________________ Steven G. Craig, Ph.D. Interim Dean, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences Department of Economics ii “IF YOU DO NOT LIKE THE PAST, CHANGE IT”: THE REEL CIVIL RIGHTS REVOLUTION, HISTORICAL MEMORY, AND THE MAKING OF UTOPIAN PASTS _______________ An Abstract of A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History University of Houston _______________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________ By Andrew Joseph Pegoda December, 2016 ABSTRACT Historians have continued to expand the available literature on the Civil Rights Revolution, an unprecedented social movement during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s that aimed to codify basic human and civil rights for individuals racialized as Black, by further developing its cast of characters, challenging its geographical and temporal boundaries, and by comparing it to other social movements both inside and outside of the United States.