Now That the Vehicles Are Connected: What Next? Maxime Flament Chief Technology Officer

Now that the Vehicles are Connected: What Next? Maxime Flament Chief Technology Officer

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1 5GAA bridges the automotive and telecommunication industries in order to address society’s connected mobility and road safety needs with applications such as automated driving, ubiquitous access to services, integration into intelligent transportation and traffic management

AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY TELECOMMUNICATIONS Vehicle Platform, Hardware Connectivity and Networking and Software Solutions Systems, Devices and Technologies

5GAA unites today 125 members from around the world working together on all aspects of C-V2X including technology, standards, testing, security, spectrum, policy, regulations, business models and go-to-market

2 AutomotiveParking house Connectivity Landscape NB-IoT P arki ng ho use Parking house NB-GuaranteedIoT QoS / C-V2X is a unified NB-IoT NB-IoT Parking house Network SlicingBackend technology platform NB-IoT LTE/5G which integrates: ParkingNB-IOT Backend Edge cloudBackend Traffic LTE-M LTE /5G Positioning Backend • Short-range, lights, LTE/5G EdEdge g e clo Cloud u d Ed g e clo u d V2P network-less, direct Traffroad i c side Mobile EdgeLTE/5G Computing LTE/5G TrafficTrafficinfrastructure P2N LTE/5G communications, l i ghts, Edge Vcloud 2P lights,lights, LTE/5G LTE/5G V2V via Vulnerable roaroadside d si de Traffic V2P independent of road sideLTE/5G V2X V2I MEC / eMBMS LTEroad /5G iinfrastructure nfrastr uct ur e lights, users network coverage infrastructure V2PLTE/5G road side LTELTE /5G/5G V 2V v i a LTE/5G V2V via LTE/5G V2V LTETrust /5G V 2Xinfrastructure & M EV2N C / eM B M S LTE/5G VRU & Smart LTE/5G LTE/5G V2X MEC / eMBMS • Long-range LTE/5G V2V via V2N LTE/5G authentication LTE /5G V 2V DevicesV2P cellular network LTE/5G V2XLTE/5G V2V MECLTE/5G /LTE eMBMS/ 5GV2V V2V Local sensors Local sensors Local sensors communications LTE/5G V2V via 4G/LTE or/and Local sensors Local sensors Local sensors 5G LocalLocal sensors sensors LTELocal-V2XLocal sensors sensorsPC5 (→ NR-V2X)LocalLocal sensors sensors Local sensors Local sensors Local sensors

11 3GPP time plan: from LTE-V2X to 5G NR-V2X

❑ Current version of C-V2X is called LTE-V2X as part of 3GPP Rel-14 & 15. ❑ NR-V2X as part of Rel-16 comes as an improvement to support automated driving. ❑ NR-V2X will complement, co-exist and support interworking with LTE-V2X i.e. operation of NR-V2X alone is not considered.

Rel-8 Rel-12 Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16 2008/12 2015/03 2017/03 2018/0 2020/10 6

PC5 improvements LTE LTE-D2D LTE-V2X (aggregation, 64QAM, NR-V2X diversity & short TTI)

❑ NR-V2X study item started in June 2018. ❑ Subsequent NR-V2X work item by Oct 2020.

12 Global point of view

13 Expected timelines for C-V2X Use Cases

C-V2X Roadmap internal webinar 14 Qualcomm® Connected Car Reference Design, Gen 2

Qualcomm® SnapdragonTM Telematics V2X stack Apps & apps Automotive 4G/5G platforms

Security / 2 ECDSA1 VEPP

Rel-15 5G NR Rel-14 LTE Advanced Pro Wi-Fi 6 Standalone FDD FD-MIMO BT5.1 Application Processor Non-standalone TDD Up to 5 aggregated LTE carriers With telematics SDK Rel-14/Rel-15 C-V2X 5G / 4G spectrum sharing Stack VEPP Security Dual SIM Dual Active (DSDA) SDRs PMIC HSM apps verifies Multi-frequency GNSS with QDR3

Multicore Multicore Accelerator RF management with envelope tracking CPU DSP ECDSA RF ICs + On-board processing with telematics SDK and apps RF ICs + antenna RF IP acceleration (IPA) antenna modules front-end Memory modules

15 Qualcomm® Connected Car Reference Design, Gen 2

Qualcomm® SnapdragonTM Telematics V2X stack Apps & apps Automotive 4G/5G platforms

Security / 2 ECDSA1 VEPP

Qualcomm® Connected Car Reference Design, Gen 2

RelQualcomm-15 5G® SnapdragonNR TM Rel-14 LTE Telematics V2X stack Apps & apps Automotive 4G/5G platforms Advanced Pro Wi-Fi 6 Security / 2 ECDSA1 VEPP Standalone FDD FD-MIMO BT5.1 Application Processor Non-standalone TDD Up to 5 aggregated LTE carriers Rel-15 5G NR Rel-14 LTE Advanced Pro Wi-Fi 6 Standalone FDD FD-MIMO BT5.1 With telematics SDK Application Processor Non-standalone TDD Up to 5 aggregated LTE carriers With telematics SDK Rel-14/RelRel-14/Rel-15 C-V2X15 C-V2X 5G / 4G spectrum sharing Stack VEPP Security Dual SIM Dual Active (DSDA) SDRs PMIC HSM apps verifies 5G / 4GMulti-frequency spectrum GNSS with QDR3 sharing

Multicore Multicore Accelerator RF management with envelope tracking CPU DSP ECDSA RF ICs + Stack VEPP Security Dual OnSIM-board processing Dual with telematics Active SDK and apps(DSDA) RF ICs + antenna RF IP acceleration (IPA) antenna modules front-end Memory SDRs PMIC HSM apps verifies Multi-frequency GNSS with QDR3modules

Qualcomm Connected Car Reference Design and Qualcomm Snapdragon Automotive 4G/5G Platforms are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries 1. Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm, 2. Vision Enhanced Precise PositioningRF management with envelope tracking Multicore Multicore Accelerator Source: Qualcomm, CPU DSP ECDSA Announced at the MWC2019, Barcelona RF ICs + On-board processing with telematics SDK and apps 16 RF ICs + antenna RF IP acceleration (IPA) antenna modules front-end Memory modules

Alps Alpine Develops, Starts Shipping Samples of 5G NR Module for Automotive Use

“Newly developed UMNZ1 Series 5G NR Module for Automotive Use with C-V2X features, is compliant with 3GPP2 Release 15. Teaming up with a Chinese C-V2X chip supplier, Alps Alpine developed an All In One communication module with a built-in V2X protocol stack. Sample shipments began in March with aims to accelerate social implementation of 5G solutions for automobiles. The UMNZ1 Series is intended for global use outside China.”

Source: Alps Alpine, March 2021

Source: Samsung-Harman, 2021 Quectel announces Marelli Fibocom Launches 5G Smart Module collaboration and deals to supply SC161 Based on Qualcomm QCM6350 European automotive OEMs

“Fibocom SC161 can be widely applied in IoT scenarios In addition, Marelli and Quectel have established a such as smart wireless payment, C-V2X, smart cities, LG Innotek Unveils 5G Communication joint basis to advance work on 5G and C-V2X smart home, robot, VR, AR, etc. It is an outstanding Module for Automotive platforms. The two companies have also enabled core system solution for global IoT applications. The evolved LTE connectivity utilizing the Quectel AG520R Solution: Qualcomm mass production of Fibocom SC161 smart module is 5G w/ C-V2X and AG55xQ platforms. The relationship, which is 3GPP Release 15, 5.9GHz PC5 interface planned to start in Q3 2021.” Standalone Type Quectel's first with an automotive industry customer GNSS supported (L1 + L5) outside China, enables both companies to be fully- Source: Fibocom, April 2021 prepared for requests for quotes (RFQs). Source: LG Innotek, Oct 2019 Source: Quectel, April 2021

17 C-V2X devices and sample of dual-mode RSUs

List of C-V2X Devices (last update November 2020) • This document intends to provide an overview of the C-V2X Devices which we understand are already publicly available on the market. This overview is based on publicly available information. • The sources are referenced. 5GAA does not accept any liability for information provided by third parties. 5GAA has not verified whether the information provided by third parties is accurate. 5GAA does not in any way validate the information provided by third parties by including particular devices in this list. This document is only intended to provide an overview, the list of devices is not necessarily complete. • This list does not necessarily include factory-fit telematics/V2X boxes directly under contract with automakers.

Kapsch RIS-9260 dual-mode C-V2X Commsignia ITS-OB4 and ITS-RS4 LACROIX City Neavia V2I Station 4G Roadside ITS Station (DSRC & C-V2X dual mode) integrated & scalable to 5G

Source: Commsignia Source: LACROIX City Source: Kapsch

18 State-of-Play on C-V2X China

19 Status in China: 8 C-V2X Enabled Vehicles Commercially Launched

In 2019, 15 OEMs announced 8 C-V2X enabled vehicles already launched in China mass production of C-V2X cars as of 2020 OEM Model Launch Time

C-V2X commercial launch time: BYD Han 2020 2020H2 to 2021H1, OEMs have made the V2X launch plan. GAC V Aion 2020 FAW E-HS9 Hongqi 2020 GM/SAIC GL6 BUICK 2020 GM/SAIC GL8 BUICK 2020 Ford Mustang Mach-E 2021 Ford Explorer 2021 Ford Edge Plus 2021 Ford EVOS 2021 BJEV Arcfox 2021 Weltmeister W6 2021 Great Wall WEY Mocca 2021 Human Horizons HiPhi X 2021 NIO ET7 2022

20 Applications/User Cases standardized in China

Communication Communication Category Service Category Service type type V2V Forward Collision Warning V2V/V2I Sensor Data Sharing V2V/V2I Intersection Collision Warning safety V2V/V2I Cooperative Lane Change V2V/V2I Left Turn Assistant P2X Vulnerable Road User Safe Passing V2V Blind Spot Warning Cooperative High Priority Vehicle efficiency V2I V2V Do Not Pass Warning Passing V2V-Event Emergency Brake Warning V2I Guidance Service in Parking Area information safety V2V-Event Abnormal Vehicle Warning V2I Differential Data Service V2V-Event Control Loss Warning managment V2I Probe Data Collection V2I Hazardous Location Warning driving V2V Cooperative Platooning Management V2I Speed Limit Warning safety & V2I Cooperative Vehicle Merge V2I Red Light Violation Warning efficiency V2I Cooperative Intersection Passing） information V2P/V2I Vulnerable Road User Collision Warning V2I Vehicle Near-Field Payment & efficiency efficiency & V2I Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory V2I Dynamic Lane Management management V2I In-Vehicle Signage efficiency V2I Traffic Jam Warning V2I/V2V Emergency Vehicle Warning Day 2 information V2I Vehicle Near-Field Payment

Day 1 21 21 Progress of C-V2X Infrastructure Monitoring Platform

Distribution of RSU in different cities in phase I Progess of Platform Access RSU Phase City Number Distribution Yubei District：30，Peiling District，236， Chongqing 382 Fengdu District：116 Phase Xishan District：2，Binhu District：96， Wuxi 184 I Liangxi District：77，Xinwu District：8 → Changsha 304 Yuelu District：304 2020 Shanghai Wuxi Shanghai 14 Jiading District：14

Xiamen 5 Jimen District：5

Total 889

Deqing approximate 1000 TBD

Wuxi approximate 300 TBD

Changsha Tianjin approximate 250 TBD phase Chongqing approximate 200 TBD II Beijing-Shanghai approximate 200 TBD Expressway （G2）

Liuzhou approximate 150 TBD

Chengdu approximate 70 TBD Chongqing-Highway Chongqing-City 22 22 G5021 Shizhu-Chongqing Highway

G5021 Shizhu-Chongqing Highway GohighG50DataS石渝南线Networks：是Technology重要的骨架公路网Co., Ltd之一(Datang,是改善三峡库区交通条件GOHIGH) and China、Communications促进库区发展的重要建设路段Construction，是全球地质、气象条件最复杂的典型公路。“涪丰-丰都”段是各种复杂工况最为集中的一段，大唐高鸿与 Company中国交建一起Limited，(CCCC)联手进行了jointly全路网upgraded的车路协同示范改造the road infrastructure，建设成为全球首条of this 实际在运营C-V2X demonstrative的C-V2X复杂section,高速 which公路become。 a C-V2X enabled complex Highway in operation.

Complete System Complex Condition Large Scale High utility

• ~130 kilometer with • Fully measurable, visible and • Tunnel, bridge Vehicle 100% C-V2X coverage controllable, fine control on key sub-sections • Positioning Road • 300+ RSU Cost-efficient map engine, reduce • Sharp curve, Steep slope HW cost of mass deployment • 400+ Roadside sensing/ • Automatic V2X HD map compute/display devices segmentation, distribution and • Foggy, Ponding, Crosswind updating Map Network • 12 tunnels,8 interchange • High precision positioning service site,5 accident black spot in all environment Cloud • Tunnel close to exit • Centralized O&M, with remote upgrade, config and alarm 23 23 State-of-Play on C-V2X Europe

24 Uu LTE-V2X V2X EU ITS Spectrum in 5.9 GHz PC5 2018 EC Mandate to CEPT & ETSI (updated) • Definition of Road-ITS coexistence solutions in 40 MHz • Extend the mandate to cover the band up to 5935 MHz for Urban Rail. ➢ Update EC Decision 2008/671/EC on 5.9 GHz – Q1 2020 ECC/REC/(08)01 ECC/DEC/(08)01 Neutral, refers to EN 302 571 Neutral, refers to EN 302 571

5855 5875 5905 5925 5935 ITS non-safety ITS Safety ITS extension Former band allocation (CEPT) 20 MHz 30 MHz 20 MHz

ITS non-safety ITS Urban Rail New band allocation as of March 2020 ITS Safety 20 MHz 40 MHz 20 MHz

Tech B Tech A 5GAA proposal: priority channels for Road ITS TBD TBD RSU (transitional measure) priority priority

25 26 5G corridors:What is the project about?

• 5G transport corridors as an EU flagship infrastructure to lead in 5G mobility ecosystems

• Uninterrupted 5G coverage, high quality (“CAM-ready”) and low latency (path to “edge computing“ ) by 2025

• Trigger private investments through significant public funding

• Initial target: 26,000km of CEF 5G corridors (Estimate € 5,4bn). More ambitious targets can be achieved in combination with RRF funding

• Pan-European dynamics through EU coordination of geographic complementarity, especially re. cross-border sections

26 Status in Europe Audi is introducing the V2I service “Traffic Light Information” to Europe.

BMW and Samsung to offer 5G in the iNEXT as soon as ANAS deploys dual-mode C-V2X / ITS-G5 2021 RSUs in Italy on 80 Km of the 51 Road

“BMW Group has set itself the goal of having the largest over-the-air upgradeable fleet of any manufacturer in the world by the end of 2021. By that time, a total of over 2.5 million vehicles from the Source: Audi, 2019 and Audi, 2020 BMW brand will be able to receive Remote Software Upgrades.” Source: Le Strade dell’Informazione, Feb 2021 Source: BMW Group, Jan 2020 and BMW Group, March 2021 “The FCA Uconnect system will use 5G technology” Bosch’s wrong-way driver warning system now a feature Telefónica, APM Terminals to deploy 5G in ŠKODA vehicles and deployed in NL with via Talking and C-V2X at Port of Barcelona Traffic Source: La Repubblica, Nov 2019 2.5 million unique active users per month already in Europe Source: APM Terminals, March 2021

Continental continues its successful course in 5G “Local Hazard Information connectivity with first order for commercial technology is being rolled out vehicles across more than 80% of Ford’s passenger vehicle line-up by “As of 2023, Continental will “Continental has won a serial the end of [2020].” supply two European vehicle order from a leading European manufacturers with intelligent commercial vehicle manufacturer Source: Bosch, August 2020 & Bosch, Feb 2021 Source: Ford, 2020 antenna modules and 5G to equip its vehicles with the 5G telematics units.” V2X telematics platform.” Source: Continental, July 2020 & Continental, April 2021

27 State-of-Play on C-V2X US

28 US ITS Regulatory Update

The US FCC 5.9 GHz ruling points to C-V2X as technology of choice: • Allows C-V2X in upper 30 MHz after expedited waiver process • DSRC will move to lower 10 MHz until end of phasing out period (2 years) • FCC puts spotlight on OEMs to bring V2X to the finish line

December 2019 November 2020 2021…

FCC Releases 5.9 GHz FCC adopted 5.9 GHz First Awaiting R&O and FNPRM NPRM Report and Order (R&O) publication in Federal and FNPRM Register

29 Status in the US

Blue Bird join Audi, Applied Information on Ford commits to deploy C-V2X in all new Audi of America, Virginia DOT and Qualcomm vehicle models in the US beginning in 2022 connected vehicle deployment to boost Announce Initial C-V2X Deployment in Virginia school bus and school zone safety

source: Audi USA, Jan 2020 source: Blue Bird, March 2021 source: Ford, Jan 2019

Auto Industry Unites Behind Safety General Motors and Qualcomm extend Verizon & Honda test how 5G enhances safety Technology by Committing at least 5 long-standing relationship to transform for connected and autonomous vehicles Million V2X Radios and Devices by the End next generation vehicles of 2025 “Using Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) communication, “As an extension of the relationship, GM worked with Honda SAFE SWARM™ enables vehicles to communicate with source: Qualcomm Technologies for C-V2X, which has launched other road users and share key information such as location, Alliance for Automotive Innovation, April 2020 with the Buick GL8 MPV now available in China.” speed, and vehicle sensor data”

source: Qualcomm, Jan 2021 Source: Verizon, April 2021

30 What’s Next with 5G-V2X

31 Cliquez et modifiez le titre

Basic Safety use cases Advanced Driving use cases

Upper layers Mapping use cases LTE-V2X sidelink to transport profile NR-V2X sidelink Rel. 14/15 Rel. 16 and beyond Basic messages with QoS with Groupcast Broadcast

5G-V2X sidelink 32 Source: Qualcomm 33 Enable complex interaction Use Cases (perception, negotiation, multi-lateral agreements)

“In a complex V2X interaction, two or more participants exchange at least three messages, of which most depend on at least one of the prior messages.” Enabling complex interaction Use Cases (perception, negotiation, multi-lateral agreements)

Source: Continental

34 Cooperative Parking Group Start VRU Crossing

Virtual road monitoring Cooperative Traffic Gap Teleoperated Driving

35 Thank you!

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