Lake Mburo Conservation Area - General Management Plan (2015 - 2025)

PREAMBLE

Uganda Wildlife Authority prepared this General Management Plan with funds internally generated.

Prepared by: Uganda Wildlife Authority: Conservation Department

Edited by: Uganda Wildlife Authority Planning Unit

Layout and Design: Edgar Buhanga Justine Namara

Cover photograph: Zebras and Tourists on game drive

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APPROVAL

The Uganda Wildlife Authority Board of Trustees approved this General Management Plan for implementation at its sitting of 25th February 2015 at UWA headquarters

Dr. Andrew G. Seguya Mr. Benjamin Otto Executive Director Chairman, Board of Trustees

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FOREWORD

Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) recognizes the importance of planning as a management tool and as such preparation of General Management Plans (GMPs) for Protected Areas is a statutory requirement. In reduction.fulfillment Itof has this been requirement, ten years UWAsince is we systematically signed off the preparing last management GMPs for plan all her that Protected ran from Areas 2003 (PA’s)to 2013. to realize their potential in biodiversity conservation, tourism development and contribute towards poverty increase in numbers for most wildlife species. The Zebra and Impala more than doubled while other species The last ten years have been years of great achievements for Lake Mburo National Park, registering an increase in visitation levels and tourism revenues rose from less than 200 million in 2003 to 1.5 billion in showed a positive growth trend. Over the ten years of implementing the GMP, the park also registered an registering improved relations with our neighbors. However these positive trends have not been without challenges.2013. The revenue The changes sharing in thefunds vegetation that were of disbursed the park becomingto the surrounding thick bush communities and woodland more have than led doubled, grazers of water within the surrounding pastoral area has been a challenge that has put pressure on the park asto prefera source more of wateropen areasand pasture in the surrounding especially during ranches the often dry conditions.causing conflicts This Generalwith the Management ranch owners. Plan Lack is therefore aimed at providing Lake Mburo National Park with guidance towards sustainable management of the natural ecosystems for their proper functioning in order to provide the services. The plan will also ensure proper development of both administrative and tourism infrastructure and facilities in order to realize the full potential of Lake Mburo National Park in contributing to the development given the fact that tourism is the engine of economic growth of this country.

The mission of Uganda Wildlife Authority is to “conserve, economically develop and sustainably manage the wildlife and Protected Areas of Uganda in partnership with neighboring communities and other stakeholders for the benefit of the people of Uganda and the global community areas are prepared with full stakeholder participation. The preparation of this plan was through a ”. Accordingly, GMPs for wildlife protected and regional levels to ensure that all relevant issues were adequately addressed. The Planning Team that preparedmultidisciplinary this GMP and was consultative composed ofapproach UWA staff involving as well variousas other stakeholders stakeholders at from community, the local district, governments national of researchersthe 3 districts and which private neighbor sector Lakerepresentatives. Mburo National Park i.e. Kiruhura, Mbarara and Isingiro. Consultations were held with resource user groups, local community leaders, district leaders, the tourism stakeholders, The UWA Board of Trustees after careful review has also endorsed the implementation of this plan by their approval at their sitting on 25th February 2015 at UWA headquarters. This plan that is therefore a product futureof wide generations. consultations will enjoy the support of all stakeholders, to enhance the achievement of conservation and management objectives of Lake Mburo National Park for the benefit and enjoyment of the present and It is therefore with great pleasure that I now entrust the Conservation Area Manager of Lake Mburo

(2015-2025). Conservation Area, with the authority to implement this General Management Plan for the next 10 years

Dr. Andrew G. Seguya EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Uganda Wildlife Authority would like to thank all people who participated in preparation of this management plan.

Special thanks go to the following people who were members of the Planning Team and worked tirelessly to prepare this GMP: Buhanga Edgar, Namara Justine, Namuli Susan, Tusubira Justus, Nakayenze Christine Lynn, Bwire Isaiah, Mbagaya Robert, Murinda Michael, Kaijutsya Robert, Namara Deborah, Mwesigye Joseph, Musingwire Jeconious, Malingi Sam and Charles Atuhe.

Mr. John Makombo and Mr. Charles Tumwesigye provided oversight of the whole planning process and their effort is greatly appreciated. of the Board of Trustees who were involved in one way or the other in preparation of this plan. UWA appreciates the contributions of all her staff, partners, stakeholders, local communities and members

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ACRONYMS

ACCA Ankole Cow Conservation Association

ACAO Assistant Chief Administrative Officer

AOP Annual Operations Plan

AWF African Wildlife Foundation

BDM Business Development Manager

BoT Board of Trustees CA Conservation Area CAM Conservation Area Manager CAO Chief Administrative Officer

CBO Community Based Organization

CC Contracts Committee

CCC Community Conservation Coordinator

CCO Community Conservation Officer

CDO Community Development Officer

CE Chief Engineer

CEC Conservation Education Centre

CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

CM Concessions Manager

CPI Community Protected Area Institution

CSR Cooperate Social Responsibility

CVC Cultural Value Conservation Project

CWA Community Wildlife Associations

DAO District Agricultural Officer

DC Director Conservation

DCAO Deputy Chief Administrative Officer

DCO District Commercial Officer

DCDO District Community Development Officer

DDC Deputy Director Conservation

DEO District Environment Officer

DISO District Internal Security Organization

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DPC District Production Coordinator

DRC Democratic Republic of Congo

DTBS Director Tourism Business services

DWRM Directorate of Water Resources Management

DVO District Veterinary Officer

ED Executive Director

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

ENR Environment and Natural Resources

FFI Flora and Fauna International

FMA

FNR Foreign Non Resident

FR Foreign Resident

GISO Gombolola Internal Security Organization

GMP General Management Plan

HRM Human Resource Manager

IBA Important Bird Area

IUCN World Conservation Union

IO Intelligence Officer

LC Local Council

LG Local Government

LLG Lower Local Governments

LM Legal Manager

LMCA Lake Mburo Conservation Area

LMNP Lake Mburo National Park

MAAIF Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries

MoU Memorandum of Understanding

MRC Monitoring and Research Coordinator

M&R Monitoring and Research

MES Manager Engineering Services

MME Manager, Monitoring and Evaluation

MICE Meetings, Incentives, Conferences & Events

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MM Marketing Manager

MRO Monitoring and Research Officer

NAADS National Agriculture Advisory Services

NRO Natural Resources Officer

NEMA National Environment Management Authority

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

NFA National Forestry Authority

NFP National Forest Plan

PA Protected Area

PACU Problem Animal Control Unit

PC Partnership Coordinator

PAMSU Protected Area Management and Sustainable Use

PLC Principal Leal Council

PMAC Park Management Advisory Committee

RS Revenue Sharing

SMRC Senior Monitoring and Research Coordinator

SPEIAC Senior Planning and Environment Impact Assessment Coordinator

SPEIAO Senior Planning and Environment Impact Assessment Officer

TAMP Trans-boundary Agro-System Management Project

PRM Public Relations Manager

RMNP Rwenzori Mountains National Park

SWIC Senior Warden in Charge

TM Top Management

UCOTA Uganda Community Tourism Association

UPDF Uganda Peoples Defense Forces

UWA Uganda Wildlife Authority

VC Veterinary Coordinator

WCC Warden Community Conservation

WCS Wildlife Conservation Society

W eng. Warden Engineering

WIC Warden in Charge

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WLE Warden Law Enforcement

WMR Warden Monitoring and Research

WPMAC Wildlife Protected Area Management Committee

WT Warden Tourism

WWF World Wide Fund for Nature

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Background Lake Mburo National Park (LMNP) covers an area of 370sq.km and lies in south western part of Uganda. protected area lies along the Kampala Mbarara road and it is the only park that is close to Kampala. It It lies in 3 districts of Mbarara, Kiruhura and Isingiro with the largest part lying in Kiruhura district. The has a high population of wildlife with significant populations of wild animals residing on the public lands surrounding the park. Because of this, a wider Lake Mburo Conservation Area (LMCA) is recognized to describe the area of LMNP management activities. With the LMNP at its core, it radiates outwards to include GENERALadjoining parishes, MANAGEMENT recognizing the PLANNING need to work with local people to achieve conservation goals. LMNP has had a GMP for the period of 10 years (2003-2013). A mid-term review was carried out in 2009 where some changes were made that were approved by the BoT. This planning took recognition of the review that was done but also incorporated the new ideas that came up as the stages below were carried out. The planning process followed the already established guidelines for wildlife protected areas planning. The following steps were undertaken during this planning process.

Publicizing the planning process An advert was placed in the print media to inform the stakeholders that the process of developing the management plan for LMCA had started and to solicit their views and inputs into the plan. Written comments and ideas were received and considered during planning.

Team composition A Planning Team was constituted in accordance with the provisions of UWA GMP manual. The team comprising of 15 people; 3 representatives from the local governments of the three districts within which LMCA falls, the representative of tourism stakeholders, chairman of the Nshara community wildlife association, a representative from AWF, the Conservation Area Manager (LMCA), 5 staff from LMCA and 3 Headquarter staff was appointed by the Executive Director to undertake the planning process. This multi- updisciplinary a programme team for was the involved planning in process.the solicitation of views and identification of proposals for management of the protected area. The team went through an orientation, agreed on roles and responsibilities and drew Field reconnaissance

As part of the field information collection, a field reconnaissance exercise was carried out where planning usedteam formembers zoning. were exposed to all issues in the field. Reconnaissance helped members to get first hand information, which was used to generate management objectives and actions. This information was further Consultations management.Consultations Throughout were held with this variousprocess stakeholders/communitycommunities were provided groups with includingopportunities resource to voice user concerns groups, aboutcommunity planning leaders, and managementand District leadersof the protected in the six area. districts These regarding views were their considered views on during the protected the proposal area generation workshop.

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Proposal generation workshop A proposal generation workshop was held for the planning team to harmonize views received from various stakeholders and agree on proposals for the general management plan. During proposal generation a tostatement achieve these of purpose objectives for thewere protected also developed. area was An estimate developed. of the A description budget has ofbeen exceptional attached on resource the actions and tovalues, give aa feellist ofof managementhow much the objectives plan will describingcost. the desired future for the protected area plus the actions

MANAGEMENT PROPOSALS/CONCEPTS

Management Purpose

To conserve LMNP as a Ramsar site, IBA and as a water source with its diverse ecosystems that sup- portThe purpose high biodiversity of managing including Lake Mburo endemic Conservation impala and Area African for the fin next foot, 10 andyears the is: associated rich cultural heritage for sustainable development

Conservation Values 1. particularly important as a breeding area for the regionally endemic shoebill (vulnerable) The Lake Mburo- Nakivale ecosystem is a Ramsar site which is an Important Bird Area, papyrus yellow warbler (Chloropeta gracilirostris) (near threatened). The park also hosts and hosts the African fin foot which is endemic to Lake Mburo. The park is a habitat to the- clude the Abdmin stock and the pink-backed pelicans. 2. a number of migratory birds both palaearctic and continental birds, examples of which in topi and zebras in Uganda. Although efforts have been made to translocate some impalas to Lake Mburo National Park is the only park with significant populations of the Impala, eland, is the only other area where topi can be found though in small numbers. Elands and zebras areKatonga, also found it will intake Kidepo a longtime but the to populations build the viable are equallypopulations. small. The Lake Ishasha Mburo Sector will therefore in QENP

topi are concerned. 3. remain the only important strong hold as far as populations of impalas, eland, zebra and

surroundingLake Mburo isenvironment a critical water and bodycommunities. within the It isRiver the onlyRwizi source catchment of permanent area that water drains in into the areaLake providingVictoria, providingwater for bothdirect wildlife and indirect and livestock. values such as modification of climate to the 4. culture of Banyankore in the surrounding communities e.g clans and wildlife has positively contributedThe traditional towards and cultural conservation relationship of the park. between A number the protected of animal fauna species and including flora with mon the- -

keys, zebra, bushbuck, have linkages to the culture as most of them are totems. It is tradi tionally abominable for someone to hunt, kill, or endanger in any way the animal that is his ranches.or her totem. Generally, the Bahima who mostly neighbor the park traditionally do not eat 5. Lakewild meat.Mburo This is associated explains why with large a rich populations cultural heritage of wildlife that have is built survived on keeping on private of the land unique and long horned Ankole cow. The long horned Ankole cow is a trademark for the pastoral communities around the park. Although some community groups are now improving their

breeds, the Pastoralists still have a strong attachment to the long horned cow. There are cultural sites within LMNP which include Kigarama, Rubanga, Ruroko and Ihendamata. Rubanga site was originally used by groups of people to perform sacrifices to their gods for different reasons such as famine, drought and child bearing. Ruroko is an area where the

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Bacwezi used to dwell and Kigarama where the pages (servants) of the king used to stay. - portance on them. 6. Although these sites are no longer active, the communities still attach a lot of historical im woodlands that support a high biodiversity. Lake Mburo with its surrounding wetland sys- temThe providespark has aa veryvariety important of ecosystems habitat includingfor a number lakes, of wetlands,wildlife. Most open animals grasslands, use this forests, area for watering especially during the dry season when water dries in other parts of the park. In Craibea fagara

butaddition, a rare the and ecosystems threatened contain tree species. important medicinal and rare trees such as 7. LMNPwhich curesis the over only 100 national diseases, park and in “omuboro”Ankole region tree thatbelieved has tobecome have aphrodisiac the basis for properties tourism

developments in the area such as hotels, cultural centers and sport hunting. The former- koreAnkole is kingdomclosely associated is now partitioned with the intowildlife ten districtsconservation of Kiruhura, around Isingiro,LMNP as Mbarara, this used Ibanda, to be huntingNtungamo, grounds Bushenyi, for their Sheema, kings. Buhweju, With the Mitooma current improvements and Rubirizi. The and culturegrowth ofof thethe Banyantourism

region. sector in the country, LMNP will remain the nucleus and centre for tourism in the Ankole

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Table of Contents

PREAMBLE i APPROVAL ii FOREWORD iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv ACRONYMS v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 Purpose of the plan 1 ix 1.2 The Planning Process 1 1.3 Enabling Policy and Legislation 1 1.3.1 The Constitution of Uganda (1995) 1 1.3.2 The Uganda Wildlife Policy (1999 Draft) 2 1.3.3 The Uganda Wildlife Act Cap 200 of the Laws of Uganda 2000 2 1.3.4 The National Environment Act Cap 153 of the Laws of Uganda 2000 2 1.3.5 The Tourism Policy of Uganda 2003 2 1.3.6 2 1.3.7 The Wetlands Policy 1995 3 The National Forestry and Tree Planting Act, 2003. Lake Shores Management) 3 1.3.8 The National Environment (Wetlands, River Banks and 1.3.8 International Conventions and agreements 3 Regulations, 2000 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF LMNP 4 2.1 Area and Location 4 2.2 6 2.2.1 Geology and Landscapes 6 Physical and Biological Resources 2.2.2 Climate 6 2.2.3 Flora 6 2.2.4 Mammals 7 Table 1: Wildlife trends in Lake Mburo National Park 2.2.5 Birds 7 2.3 Social and Economic Background 8 Ethnography and Demography 8 2.4 History of Establishment and Management of LMNP 8 Cultural History 8 2.5 Land Tenure and Land Use 8 2.6 Local Government 9 3.0 ZONING PLAN 12 3.1 The Tourism Zone 14 3.2 14 3.3 Wilderness Zone 14 Resource use zone 3.4 14 3.5 Administrative Zone 11 Recovery zone 4.1 RESOURCE CONSERVATION PROGRAM 15

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4.1.1 BOUNDARY MANAGEMENT 15 4.1.2 Illegal activities 16 4.1.3 Management of wildlife populations 19 4.1.4 Wildlife habitat management 20 5.0 COMMUNITY CONSERVATION PROGRAM 23 5.1 Problem animals 23 5.2 Wildlife on private land 27 5.3 Community awareness and education 28 5.4 30 5.5 33 Community Benefits 6.0 RESEARCH AND MONITORING PROGRAM 35 Revenue sharing 6.1 35 6.2 Monitoring 37 Research 7.0 PARK OPERATIONS AND ADMINISTRATION 41 7.1 Infrastructure 41 7.4 Capacity and governance 47 PART 3: BUSINESS PLAN 8.0 TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: 55 8.1 Tourism facilities and infrastructure 58 8.2 Tourism products and services 61 8.3 Marketing 62 8.4 Community tourism/cultural groups 66 8.5 Financial Analysis 68 8.5.1 Cost estimates for plan implementation 68 69 REFERENCES 70 8.5.2 Revenue Projections and scenario analysis

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PART 1 - Background

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1.1 PURPOSE OF THE PLAN In order to successfully conserve LMNP and address the increasing level of human demands and limited thenatural plan resources, will help management it is important to that prioritize a management the activities plan andbe developed. locate resources The purpose to the mostof the critical plan is areas.to guide In management in making decisions for the sustainability of the Protected Area. With the minimal resources, desired future conditions (management objectives) of LMNP during the 10-year period (2013-2023) and presentsaddition, strategiesthe plan will to enablecontribute the PA to managersthe general achieve management this objective. of the area. This plan therefore identifies the

1.2 The Planning Process It is UWA policy to involve all stakeholders in all its activities but particularly in the preparation of GMPs. This plan is therefore the result of an interactive process that involved the various stakeholders with interest in LMNP. An interdisciplinary planning team composed of representatives from UWA and District local governments around the PA has been responsible for preparing this plan. There are three districts consultationsaround the PA werenamely carried Mbarara, out toIsingiro seek viewsand Kiruhura. of the various A list of stakeholders the Planning as Team part members of the planning responsible process. for the preparation of this GMP is presented in Appendix 1 In addition to having an interactive process, wide

A list of participants is attached in appendix 2. A list of issues/views that were raised during the various andmeetings the lessons conducted learnt during from this the process. consultations is presented in Appendix 3. The process benefited from experiences gained by UWA staff over the years in preparing management plans of various protected areas 1.3 Enabling Policy and Legislation It is essential for PA managers to understand some of the relevant laws that empower them and the legal tonotices its integrity. by which Some the PAof thewas laws established. and policies With pertaining this knowledge, to wildlife they and can biodiversityeffectively conduct conservation law enforcement in Uganda arework, summarized ensure appropriate below: stakeholder participation in the management of the PA and address any challenges

1.3.1 The Constitution of Uganda (1995) The overall government policy on natural resource conservation in Uganda is enshrined in the Constitu-

Principles of State Policy. The purpose of the objectives is to provide a legal foundation upon which future policiestion of the and Republic juridical of interpretation Uganda 1995. of The the principles substantive are constitutional spelt out in the provisions National mustObjectives be based. and DirectiveThe relevant constitutional provisions in the National Objectives and Directive Principles of State Policy include the following: (a) Principle of State Policy XXVII mandates the State (both central and local government) - vation and promote the rational use of natural resources so as to safeguard and protect theto create biological and developdiversity parks, of Uganda; reserves and recreational areas, and to ensure the conser (b)

Article 237 of the Constitution provides that the Government or local government, as bedetermined reserved byfor Parliamentecological and by law, touristic shall purposeshold in trust for forthe the common people good and ofprotect, all citizens; natural lakes, rivers, wetlands, forest reserves, game reserves, national parks and any land, to

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1.3.2 The Uganda Wildlife Policy (1999 Draft) The draft Uganda Wildlife Policy of 1999 is a revision of a 1995 version prepared prior to the enactment of the 1996 Uganda Wildlife Statute. This policy aims at making wildlife management more acceptable to Ugandans by ensuring that resources contribute to the well being of present and future generations. The policy seeks to conserve areas with great biological diversity which are representative of the major habitats

1.3.3of Uganda The and Uganda which, together, Wildlife include Act Capall indigenous 200 of the species. Laws of Uganda 2000 The management of wildlife and protected areas including LMNP is guided by the Uganda Wildlife Act1 of

2000 (Chapter 200 in the Laws of Uganda, 2000). The Act authorizes UWA to assume responsibility for wildlife management in Uganda, both inside and outside its protected areas. Under the Act, a Board of Trustees is appointed by the Minister of Tourism, Trade and Industry as the governing body of UWA. The Act also includes all the Schedules of the repealed Game (Preservation and Control) Act, 1964, (the principal legislation of the former Game Department), and the National Parks Act, 1952. The Schedules from the forGame each (Preservation of the protected and areas.Control) Act, 1964 are now included in the Uganda Wildlife Act 2000 as Chapter 198. Section 13 of the Wildlife Act requires that the Executive Director of UWA prepares a management plan 1.3.4 The National Environment Act Cap 153 of the Laws of Uganda 20002 The National Environment Act establishes the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) as the principal agency in Uganda for the management of the environment. Section 37(1) of the Act provides for

Sectionthe identification 42 provides and for sustainable NEMA to work management with the leadof wetlands. agency to Wetlands prescribe according measures to to Section ensure 37 conservation (2) can be of “local,biological national resources and international in situ. The sectionimportance also asrequires ecosystems NEMA and to workhabitats with of thespecies lead of agency fauna toand integrate flora…”

The Third Schedule of the Act requires that environmental impact studies be carried out when national traditional knowledge for the conservation of biological diversity with mainstream scientific knowledge. established. Guidelines for this process are given in the National Environmental Impact Assessment parks, game reserves (now wildlife reserves) and buffer zones and several other developments are being

1.3.5Regulations, The 1998.Tourism Policy of Uganda 2003 and therefore tourism was one of the major economic sectors for the country. Unfortunately the turmoil The Tourism Policy recognizes that in the 1960’s Uganda was a main tourism destination in Eastern Africa reduced numbers of tourists. This policy is aimed at ensuring that tourism becomes a vehicle for poverty of the 1970’s and 1980’s drastically reduced wildlife numbers and destroyed infrastructure resulting into eradication in the future to the extent possible within the resource base and market limitations. It further recognizes UWA’s role and contribution towards the achievement of this objective. This is mainly in the promotionarea of managing of East and Africa developing as a single the tourist extensive destination. resource base as well as developing and marketing various products. The policy further emphasizes the need to facilitate the flow of tourists within the region and 1.3.6 The National Forestry and Tree Planting Act, 2003.

The Act provides for among other things, the conservation, sustainable management and development of 1 First enacted as the Uganda Wildlife Statute No. 14 of 1996 2 First enacted as the National Environment Management Statute No. 4 of 1995

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- forests, and the promotion of tree planting for the benefit of people of Uganda and the international com munity. It classifies forests in Uganda as central forest reserves, local forest reserves, community forests and Managementforests forming Plan part prepared of a wildlife by the conservation responsible area body. declared In addition under the the Act Uganda aims at Wildlife ensuring Statute, that forests 1996. Theand treesAct recognizes are conserved various and stakeholders managed in ain manner the management that meets ofthe forest needs reserves, of the present which generationshould be guidedwithout by com the- prising the rights of future generations by safeguarding forest biological diversity and the environmental

1.3.7benefits The that accrueWetlands from forestPolicy and 1995 trees. economic functions. The National Wetlands Policy for the conservation and management of wetland resourcesWetlands coverseeks aboutto promote 10% ofthe Uganda’s conservation total landof wetlands surface inand order provide to sustain a range their of biophysicalvalues for the and present socio-

• To establish the principles by which wetland resources can be optimally used now and in the future and • futureTo endwell practices being of thewhich people. reduce The wetland Policy setsproductivity five goals: • To maintain the biological diversity of natural or semi-natural wetlands • To maintain wetland functions and values • To integrate wetland concerns into the planning and decision making of other actors

1.3.8 The National Environment (Wetlands, River Banks and Lake Shores Management) Regulations, 2000

The Regulations provide for management and protection of Wetlands, River Banks and Lake Shores. Lake shouldMburo isensure among that the Lakes specified in the seventh schedule which have a protection zone of 200m. Where the lake shore is to be developed for purposes of promoting tourism or any other development, the developer of the water b)a) pre-treatmentlitter is cleared or and full disposed treatment in of a effluent manner or in waste conformity from the with facility best isenvironmental carried out to preventpractices; contamination and c) the river banks, lake shores or beaches are not degraded Assessmentin addition the (EIA) regulations provides that for any developer to conduct a project which may have a significant impact on a wetland, river bank or lake shore, shall be required to carry out an Environmental Impact 1.3.9 International Conventions and agreements The following conventions are some of the most relevant to the conservation of biodiversity in Uganda:

Convention• Establish on Biological a system of Diversity, protected 1992: areas In 1993, Uganda became a signatory to the Convention on Biological• Diversity, which in Article 8, obliges member states to: • ofDevelop species guidelines in natural for surroundings the selection, establishment and management of protected areas Promote the protection of ecosystems, natural habitats and the maintenance of viable populations Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES): Uganda

Parties with respect to trade in endangered species. is a party to CITES, which obliges member states to adhere to the recommendations of the Conference of

Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, 1971:

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands emphasises the need to

Page ( 3 ) - LMCA- GMP (2015-2025) Lake Mburo Conservation Area - General Management Plan (2015 - 2025) conserve wetlands and requires member states to include at least one wetland on the list of Wetlands of endangered bird species. International Importance. LMNP is one of the Ramsar sites found in Uganda which contains some of the Convention on migratory species of wild animals (CMS):

Realizing that animal migration is a global boundariesphenomenon and in between response areas to biological of national requirements, jurisdiction andseveral the sea.countries The Convention have come aims together to improve under the the status CMS, ofalso all known threatened as the migratory Bonn Convention, species tothrough cooperate national in the action conservation and international of animals Agreementsthat migrate acrossbetween national range states of particular groups of species. Agreements can range from legally binding multilateral treaties to less formal memoranda of understanding. The object of such agreements is to restore the migratory species to a favorable conservation status or to maintain it at that status. The Convention has two appendices: Appendix I lists endangered migratory species, Appendix II lists migratory species to be subject to agreements. It also 2.0establishes DESCRIPTION a scientific council OFto provide LMNP advice on scientific matters. 2.1 Area and Location Lake Mburo National Park (LMNP) covers an area of 370sq.km and lies in south western part of Uganda. protected area lies along the Kampala Mbarara road and it is the only park that is close to Kampala. It It lies in 3 districts of Mbarara, Kiruhura and Isingiro with the largest part lying in Kiruhura district. The has a high population of wildlife with significant populations of wild animals residing on the public lands surrounding the park. Because of this, a wider Lake Mburo Conservation Area (LMCA) is recognised to describe the area of LMNP management activities. With the LMNP at its core, it radiates outwards to include adjoining parishes, recognizing the need to work with local people to achieve conservation goals.

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Access LMNP can be accessed through two routes from Kampala. It lies between the towns of Mbarara and

Fortportal- Kasese -Mbarara route. There are three gates through which you can enter the park namely Lyantonde, just to the south of the Mbarara - Kampala highway. It can also be accessed through Kampala

2.2Sanga, NsharaPhysical and Kanyinansharaand Biological Resources 2.2.1 Geology and Landscapes

swampThe LMNP deposits area is and underlain alluvium by (Kamugishatwo major Precambrian et al rock systems: an older Basement Complex and a younger Karagwe-Ankolean system. These have been overlain, since the Pleistocene, by sediments; mainly ., 1997). The Basement Complex comprises acidic and highly metamorphosed igneous rocks, principally granites and gneisses. The Karagwe-Ankolean System is composed of slightly metamorphosed sediments, dominated by dark grey and black slates, shales, sandstones, conglomerates, phyllites and mica schists intercalated with bands of reddish-brown quartzites (Breyer, 1993, as in Muhweezi, 1994). Average altitudes are about 1,210m above sea level, with local relief of 30-400m. The ancient rocks that connectedunderlie the valleys area break running the through surface theat some centre points, of the especially Park. Permanent in the east or seasonalof the park, swamps as kopjes. and lakesThe western occupy sector is characterised by interlocking hill spurs and long ridges; these drain into a system of wide, inter- strip of riverine forest (Kamugisha et al some of these valleys. The south-west shore of Lake Mburo and the adjacent River Rwizi are bordered by a 2.2.2 Climate ., 1997).

400 mm in the south-east to 700mm in the west. The park and its environs are drier than the surrounding The LMNP area exhibits a semi-arid savannah climate in which the minimum annual rainfall ranges from region, lying in a rain shadow caused by the Kabula hills. Rainfall is bimodal, occurring mainly from March 27.5to MayoC andand thebetween mean Septemberminimum is and 15 oNovember. The park experiences a long dry season between May and August and a shorter one from December to February. The mean maximum temperature is approximately C. Relative humidity is rather high, averaging between 61-84% (noon 2.2.3and midnight Flora respectively) (Kamugisha, 1997).

Acacia hockii is the dominant tree. This has LMNP contains a variety of vegetation types, including open grasslands (mainly in the flat, wide valleys), woodlands, thickets, swamps, and gully and riverine forests. seriously invaded many previously open spaces, initially on hillsides and low hilltops but also increasingly on valley floors. Present day vegetation in LMNP has resulted from a combination of factors, including climate, soil, fire, grazing and human activities. with Sporobolus pyramidalis, Sporobolus africana, Sporobolus stapfinus and Kyllinga sp. being the dominant grass species. Acacia gerrardii andOpen Acacia grasslands sieberiana are found trees alsomainly occur in the here. eastern On hilltops and central the dominant parts of grasses the park, include Sporobolus pyramidalis, Loudetia kagerensis, Themeda triandra and Hyperrhenia spp., while the dominant trees are Acacia gerrardii and Securidacae oblopendiculata. Some valleys also support woodlands: these largely consist of Acacia gerrardii. The west of LMNP also contains gully forests located between interlocking hill spurs. These are dominated by Combretum molle, Albizia maranquensis and Euphorbia cussonoides Markhamia platycalyx, Teclea nobilis, Ficus spp. Acacia xanthropholea and Phoenix. Narrow reclinata belts. Sporobolus of riverine spp., forests, Encnocloa about 50m wide, line the western fringes of Lake Mburo and the River Rwizi: the dominant trees are ,

Page ( 6 ) - LMCA- GMP (2015-2025) Lake Mburo Conservation Area - General Management Plan (2015 - 2025) pyramidalis and Cyperus spp Cyperus papyrus and Typha spp. dominate permanent swamps. dominate seasonal swamps, while 2.2.4 Mammals populationLMNP is by of far impala the smallest and one of of Uganda’s only two grassland populations parks, of zebra but it (the still others contains being a significant in Kidepo varietyValley National of large mammal populations. Sixty-nine species of mammals have been recorded. These include Uganda’s only

Park). LMNP’s eland population is also notable: eland occurring elsewhere in Uganda only in small numbers Therein Kidepo has andbeen in a Pian-Upe general increaseWildlife inReserve. most wildlife The park populations is also home as toillustrated the waterbuck, in the tablehippopotamus, 1 below. Some topi, buffalo, eland, bushbuck, warthog, bush duiker and the bush pig. species previously recorded in the area are now locally extinct. The giant forest hog is believed to have been eliminated in the 1950-60s during the tsetse eradication programme. The rhinoceros, wild dog and roan antelope are also locally extinct. While the lions were poisoned by cattle keepers during the 1980s, recent reports have indicated presence of at least 1 lion roaming in the areas of Miriti, Kashara, Warukiri and Rwonyo.

DEC- MAY- OCT- MAY- FEB- JUL- JUN- FEB- MAY- AUG - 1992 SPECIES 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2002 2004 2006 2010 2012 Buffalo N/a 25 105 486 132 946 591 574 Eland N/a 273 88 285 199 28 606 1,115296 Hippo N/a 51 76 1,442 303 97 213 357 2501,323 1,378296 Impala Topi 18,691N/a 6,59957 7,442111 6,817362 4,12481 1,595183 2,956271 3,300162 4,705148 33,565173 29,285 Warthog N/a 571 480 964 559 550 493 560 741 Waterbuck N/a 241 287 485 427 598 396 548 Zebra 1,072 3,495 3,644 Table 1: Wildlife trends3,446 in Lake2,430 Mburo National1,574 Park3,254 3,748 2,249 2,665 4,280 5,968 11,778 11,974

A group of Animals in LMNP

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2.2.5 Birds restricted species and biome-restricted species (Byaruhanga et al LMNP is rich in bird life and is an Important Bird Area containing globally threatened species, range- ., 2001). The park has 312 bird species recorded including 19 afro-tropical migrants and 30 palearctic migrants (Kasoma and Pomeroy, 1993, conservationcited in Muhweezi, importance 1994). includingThere are the5 forest papyrus specialist yellow species, warbler 79 and forest the non-specialist shoebill stork species, 60 wetland specialist species and 33 wetland non-specialist species. 30 species have been identified as being of special (Muhweezi, 1994). 2.2.6The African Fish fin foot is locally endemic to Lake Mburo National Park and is a big attraction for Birders. Oreochromis, Haplochromis, Protopterus sp., and Clarius sp Nine species of fish have been identified, including 2.3. Most Social of these and are important Economic to the Background local fishing industry. Ethnography and Demography

The Banyankole are the dominant ethnic group around LMNP, comprising about three-quarters of the groupspopulation. include Within the immigrant the Banyankole Bakiga are and two Banyarwanda. distinct groups The level of people: of immigration the Bairu into (about the area 43%), is presently who are decreasing.traditionally The cultivators, population and has the become Bahima stable (about and 29%),sedentary. who Some are traditionallypastoralists have pastoralists. moved away Other from ethnic the Ankole cow to improved breeds for dairy farming. A new dairy factory is being established within Nshara

2.4Government History Ranch of on Establishment the Masaka-Mbarara and highway. Management of LMNP Cultural History grazing and hunting area for the kings of Ankole. The area formed part of a cattle corridor stretching from During the nineteenth century, the Nshaara rangeland (i.e. the region of present day LMNP) was a traditional

Tanzania to Karamoja and was occupied mostly by the nomadic, cattle keeping Bahima. Bahima life was, and still is, inextricably linked to cattle. Cattle remains the main source of livelihood and the Bahima still rangelandsconsider that (Kamugisha one’s standing et al in the community increases with the number of cattle owned. This has led whileto overgrazing milk sales as have desire increased for local in importanceprestige causes following cattle thenumbers liberalization to exceed of thethe dairy carrying industry capacity during of the 1990s (Namara et al ., 1997). Cattle sales are the main source of income for pastoralist households,

It was partly the traditional., 1998). practices Numbers of of the other Bahima livestock, pastoralists like goats which and ledsheep, to the have high traditionally densities of been wildlife low. This is changing however, as the livestock industry becomes increasingly commercialized. in this area. Firstly, the Bahima shun game meat, their favored diet being milk, blood and ghee. This reduced whichhunting encouraged pressure on fresh wildlife re-growth in the ofarea. pastures. Secondly, Having overgrazing been attracted by Bahima to an cattle environment led to acacia modeled encroachment by human that attracted browsing wildlife. Wild grazers also benefited from periodic bush burning by pastoralists, activity, wildlife populations found themselves better able to survive in it than cattle as, unlike domestic 2.5livestock, Land they areTenure resistant and to sleeping Land Usesickness (trypanosomiasis).

Security of tenure around LMNP improved in the late 1990s, when many landless pastoralists who had settled in the park and on the adjacent government ranch were resettled on the former Ankole Ranching Scheme by the Ranches Restructuring Board. Increasing security of land tenure is causing the decline of traditional, nomadic pastoralism and an increase in mixed farming. This has diversified sources of income

Page ( 8 ) - LMCA- GMP (2015-2025) Lake Mburo Conservation Area - General Management Plan (2015 - 2025) and strengthened the livelihood base. These changes present challenges to LMNP. Land tenure and increasing arable land-use both reduce the area available for cattle grazing. Unable to support their herds on their allocated plots – and no longer able damageto move themcrops. freely All of across these openfactors rangeland generate - negativepastoralists attitudes are eager towards to graze the their park cattle (Marquardt in the park. et al., This 1994; is, Namarahowever, et prohibited, al., 1998). yet wildlife outside the park competes with cattle for grazing on private land and also

NationalUWA needs Park. to influence district-planning processes to support land use around the park that retains open rangeland, for example wildlife ranching/farming. Map 3 shows land cover and land use around Lake Mburo 2.6 Local Government level (Local Council (LC) 1) and rises to district level (LC 5). Councils at each level consist of elected All communities in Uganda are organized in the five-tier local government system that starts at the village provision and aspects of environmental management have been decentralised to the district (LC5) and sub- representatives from local communities. Many functions of government e.g. income tax collection, service between the different local government levels for development and service provision. LMNPcounty is (LC3) situated according for most to part the Localwithin Government Kiruhura District Act (1997). but its Revenueboundaries collected also include by sub-counties a small area is (withinshared of Isingiro and Kiruhura Districts. The park is bounded by 15 parishes as summarized in the table 2 below: TheBiharwe Community subcounty) Protected in Mbarara Area District.Institutions To the (CPI) south, that the used park to boundarybe a link between also defines the communitiesthe district boundary and the park was phased out on the argument that they were not legal entities. Community Wildlife Associations were formed although their mandate has a narrow focus on the use of revenues accruing from wildlife programs like sport hunting revenues and park entry revenue sharing funds. Therefore the linkage between the park and communities was weakened with the phasing out of the CPIs.

Table 2: Administrative Units that boarder Lake Mburo National Park BOUNDARY DISTRICT SUBCOUNTY PARISH POPULATION DISTANCE (KM) Isingiro Kabingo Kyarugaju 3.00 Masha 0.80 4,307 18.5 RukuubaIhunga 2,890 6.00 RwetangoMirambiro 5,401 7.00 Kiruhura RushashaKanyaryeru Akaku 2,876766 6.00 Akayanja 3,887 4.20 892 7.60 Nyakasharara Nyakahita 1,228 4.00 Rwamuranda 18.00 Sanga Nombe II 4,700 9.00 Rurambira 1,800 12.7 Sanga Town Council 3,500 4.00 Mbarara Biharwe Rwabarata 3,800 3.87 1,985 Rwenjeru 3,995

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PART 2 - The Conservation Plan

A Bushbuck Page ( 10 ) - LMCA- GMP (2015-2025) Lake Mburo Conservation Area - General Management Plan (2015 - 2025)

3.0 CONSERVATION VALUES AND PURPOSE OF LMNP There are several conservation values which are the reason why LMNP should be conserved. These are described in this section and have been considered when determining the overall purpose and management objectives of the PA.

topi are concerned. 3. remain the only important strong hold as far as populations of impalas, eland, zebra and

breeds, the Pastoralists still have a strong attachment to the long horned cow. There are cultural sites within LMNP which include Kigarama, Rubanga, Ruroko and Ihendamata. BacweziRubanga usedsite was to dwell originally and Kigaramaused by groups where of the people pages to (servants)perform sacrifices of the king to their used gods to stay. for different reasons such as famine, drought and child bearing. Ruroko is an area where the- portance on them. 6. Although these sites are no longer active, the communities still attach a lot of historical im woodlands that support a high biodiversity. Lake Mburo with its surrounding wetland sys- temThe providespark has aa veryvariety important of ecosystems habitat includingfor a number lakes, of wetlands,wildlife. Most open animals grasslands, use this forests, area for watering especially during the dry season when water dries in other parts of the park. In Craibea fagara

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region. sector in the country, LMNP will remain the nucleus and centre for tourism in the Ankole Management Purpose

3.0 ZONING PLAN Zoning is a planning tool used to map out protected areas into distinct spatial areas according to their and sustainable use of resources by neighboring communities. resource values and sensitivity. The zoning seeks to balance conservation, research, tourism, management Zones and Zone descriptions

Five zones have been identified to represent different areas within the Lake Mburo National Park. These are Wilderness, Tourism, Administrative, Resource Use zone and Recovery zone

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3.1 The Tourism Zone This zone represents areas of spectacular scenery and wild game for visitor enjoyment in Lake Mburo National Park. The Zone will constitute the central park area where the main game drive tracks are concentrated and where visitors experience the parks’ appeal through scenic viewing, day and night game drives, nature walks and bird watching among others. The Rwonyo Tourism hub will be part of this zone. The zone will extend further south to include water based tourism activities on Lakes Mburo and Kigambira, awhere natural visitors rain forest will be atmosphere treated to andboat at rides the sameon Lake time Mburo enabling and birderssport fishing to watch on aLake variety Kigambira. of forest The bird zone life. Kigaramawill extend hill to where Rubanga a number riverine of forest, tourism connecting activities havevisitors been on proposed water tourism will be experience part of this on zone. Lake All Mburo tourism to gates will also be part of this zone.

3.2 Resource use Zone

Memoranda of understanding (MoUs). This zone consists of Kizimbi water corridor where communities In this zone, regulated resource harvesting by communities will be permitted through negotiated corridorsfrom Kyakategyere, will be closed Byembogo within threeand Kiribwa years when cross it their is anticipated cattle to gothat for water watering sources within for livestock the wetland. will haveThis beenzone constructedwill also include outside the the water park. access corridors which include, Kayanga, Kyaruhinda and Bisheshe. The

This zone will also include RukiraneClarius wetland where communities go for mudfish, the western part of Lake Mburo for fishing by communities at the Rubare Fishing Village and the wetlands adjacent to Lake Mburo fromfor seasonal the park fishing boundary of cat within fish ( the park) inunder Kashara signed and MoUs Nyabushenyi. and these willThe bezone made for asharvesting need arises. of firewood, MoUs for beekeeping, and medicinal plants has not been marked on the map. This will be within the 1km distance

3.3firewood Wilderness are already being Zone implemented in Rubaare community, Rwamuhuku and Kiribwa. The Wilderness Zone will be a representative of the natural area of Lake Mburo National Park comprising dense bush land and thicket. This zone will be subjected to minimal disturbance where infrastructure will be limited to access tracks for patrols where such will be deemed necessary. No resource extraction will be 3.4allowed Recovery in this zone. ZoneRoutine patrols on foot shall be permitted. - ment interventions to have it recover. The zone will comprise of areas where overgrazing has taken place This zone defines areas that have been severely impacted by human activities and require active manage parkin the that western has been part ofdegraded the park as specifically a result of in overgrazing areas of Kyaruhinda, lies close Bishesheto the Kizimbi and part wetland. of Katengyeto. All these Theseareas areareas ones have that been host affected the water by soil access erosion corridors. especially These as areas you descend will be leftto River intact Rwizi. so that The they other recover section from of the overgrazing.

3.5 Administrative Zone - sources are allocated primarily for PA operations. Although the environment in this zone is kept as natural This zone defines the administrative infrastructure and contains the developed areas of the PA where re as possible, certain concentrations of management facilities are accepted, as prescribed by the Management- inansharaPlan. The zoneand Nshara. includes Other the Minekyeadministrative valley infrastructure(Rwanengo) that within houses this zonethe new includes park theheadquarters Kigarama observa and the- outposts across the entire park. The outposts include Bwara, Rubanga, Katengyeto, Kizimbi, Sanga, Kany tion post (“Hotel Tango”). New outposts will include Mujwiguru, Bisheshe and Kyakategyere.

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4.0 MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS 4.1 RESOURCE CONSERVATION PROGRAM

Resource conservation is the key program in terms of management of LMCA. This ensures the maintenance of healthy ecosystems through resolving conflicts that threaten the habitat and wildlife resources, enforcement of topolicies be achieved and wildlife over the laws, plan managing period and specific actions wildlife to achieve species these to maintain objectives. viable populations and managing the wildlife habitat. This section describes the current challenges to resource conservation, outlines the objectives wildlifeThe key and challenges changing wildlife facing resourcehabitat due conservation to invasive species include such poaching, as Acacia grazing, hockii among illegal others fishing,. boundary Programencroachment, Objective: wildfires, To maintain threatened healthy and ecosystems extinct wildlife species, limited water resource distribution for

4.1.1 BOUNDARY MANAGEMENT

IssuesOutput 1: and The Rationale existing boundary conflicts resolved and the boundary managed The park boundary is generally marked with concrete pillars planted at intervals of 200 metres from each other on the northern side of the park. However, the inter-pillar distance of 200 metres has been abused by some community members especially around Rwehongyera area, in the western side of the PA. In some sections of wetlandsthe boundary, systems fences which have are been not constructed yet threatened. to curve inside the park in between the pillars resulting in conflict. The southern boundary of the PA currently faces no conflict as it adjoins with the River Rwizi and Rukirane seven households occupying about 64 ha within the PA. This land was allocated to them under Kanyaryeru The other conflict on the boundary is around Rwakobo area. Along this park boundary section, there are thatResettlement 64 ha of schemePA land beforehad been the PAallocated boundaries to communities were opened in in error. 2006. These At that families time, it have was believedestablished to have livestock been part of Nshara government ranch. When the park boundary was opened and marked in 2006, it was realized by the family of Mashango. However this matter is still in court. farms and crop fields. There is need to resolve this boundary conflict. It was established that there is land claim Management Actions beFuture updated boundary with conflictscoordinates will ofbe all avoided pillars by around reducing the the park. inter-pillar Pillars which distance have to fallen100 meters or been and removed sensitizing by the communities on the need of boundary management. The existing park map showing the boundary will be planted along the park boundary in collaboration with the community. This action will begin with areas communities will be replanted. In order to avoid future conflicts live markers of appropriate tree species. Thewill eitherprone torelocating boundary them conflict. or compensation. A perimeter track will be opened along the boundary with government ranch boundary conflict around Rwakobo area will be resolved through meetings with stakeholders with intention of

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Summary table of actions

Responsible Estimated cost Activity Others Time person (shs)

pillars onwards Replace and replant boundary Year 1, Plant new pillar to decrease WMR CAM, WLE 30,500,000 inter-pillar distance to 100m Year 1-4 around the park boundary WMR CAM, WLE 249,000,000 Plant live markers Year 3-6 WCC CAM, WLE, Sensitize communities WMR 259,220,000 and LCs on boundary WCC onwards management CAM, WLE, Year 1, WMR 12,000,000 Maintain the park boundary onwards Year 1, WMR CAM, WLE 99,000,000 with coordinates showing all Year 2 pillarsUpdate the existing map WMR CAM, WLE Get the two maps on the 200,000 park and for Nshara ranch CAM Year 1 to determine level of inconsistence of the boundary WMR 200,000 Hold negotiation meetings with stakeholders to resolve CAM Year 1

WMR 1,440,000 Holdthe conflict negotiation meetings

with stakeholders to relocate CAM Year 3 - 4

ED, DC 1,440,000 ImplementRwakobo community recommendations

resulting from the negations CAM Year 4

ED, DC 256,000,000 4.1.2on Rwakobo Illegal issues activities

Output 2 - pacts on the resources) Incidences of illegal activities reduced to insignificant levels (levels that will have minimal im

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Issues and Rationale

Poaching controlled and remained in localized places within the PA. The current problem areas in terms of poaching Whereas in 2004-2005 poaching was widespread around the PA by 2012/2013, poaching had been include Bwara to the south East, Kyakategyere and Kiribwa areas to the North and Bisheshe – Katengyeto and Kyahi Forest Reserve in the West.

The figure below demonstrates that poaching within and around LMNP has been controlled to a few cases communityannually, mainly leaders arising through from sensitization poaching on meetings private and land. setting This hasup intelligence been achieved networks. through The a combinationreduction in poachingof strategies has led that to include increases increased in wildlife patrols, populations establishment both within of satelliteand outside outposts, the PA gaining as shown support in the table from of selected species.

Fig 3: Poaching trends between 2002-2013

Grazing Despite the fact that this illegal activity has of recent been controlled it still remains a treat. This is largely due to the fact that the immediate neighbors of the park derive their livelihood from livestock rearing. Many of these have got big herds on small pieces of land. Another factor contributing to grazing in the PA is inadequate water resources on community land. During the dry season, most of the cattle keepers are given permits to access water in the PA. In the process, they illegally graze. handling suspected illegal grazers with police and courts of laws where they were released. With After the suspension of cattle fines in 2010, grazing in the PA increased as there was a challenge of- aroundintensified the patrolsperiphery and of support the park. from UPDF, the incidences of grazing in the PA reduced tremen dously as illustrated in the figures below. Camping in the park was eliminated and grazing exists

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Illegal Fishing

There are a total of five lakes within the boundaries of Lake Mburo National Park. These include L. Mburo, L.Kigambira, L. Kazuma, L. Kibikwa and Lake Bwara. A limited number of community- members have been allowed to fish in Lake Mburo through a signed MOU. Accessibility to other lakes has been difficult. However, some community members especially from Isingiro district ac cess these lakes through the surrounding wetlands and carry out illegal fishing. A few fishermen- have also been found illegally fishing on Lake Mburo. Other forms of illegal fishing include use of grazesmall sizein the nets PA. and ‘tycoon’ and fishing in prohibited areas by those permitted to fish on Lake Mbu ro. Some areas have been identified to be commonly used by cattle keepers to cross and illegally There is still a challenge of handling suspects especially those involved in illegal grazing. This is largely due the community and other law enforcement agencies not taking grazing in the PA to be illegal grazing in the PA. a punishable crime. Thus many suspects have not been prosecuted exacerbating the problem of Uncontrolled movement of people and livestock through the park from Isingiro and Tanzania. people with their livestock cross from Isingiro and Tanzania heading to Kiruhura and Sembabule which continuesLake Mburo to isbe bordered a security with challenge. R.Rwizi Movement in the South. of the During livestock the dry through season the when park themay water transmit levels diseases go down to wildlife. They use the route because it is shorter and helps them to avoid being arrested during quarantine which has been in the area for over ten years. They use crossing points which are far away from the outposts but also need for land owners across the river to fence their potions of land. and are not easy to monitor. Routine patrols will be conducted along the river to arrest those trespassing Management Actions A number of actions will be undertaken to strengthen law enforcement operations to further re-

- duce the incidences of poaching, illegal grazing and fishing to insignificant levels. Patrols within- bira)and around and opening the PA satellitewill strengthened outposts where through necessary. equipping A staff,patrol increasing boat will bethe procured number of to staff strengthen at out posts and establishing new outposts at Kyakategyere, Bisheshe and Mujwiguru (near Lake Kigam frequently used by cattle keepers to access the PA illegally and kraals maintained as supportive infrastructureother enforcement to law mechanisms enforcement to operations. control illegal fishing. Barriers will be constructed on points

Coordination with other partners will be maintained and strengthened especially with the Tan- zanian counterparts to control illegal activities outside the PA through conducting coordinated patrols along the border and sharing intelligence information. community members and leaders to appreciate the need to control illegal activities within and outsideAwareness the campaignsPA. The aim will of these be conducted campaigns to will key be stakeholders to solicit the who necessary include support the police, for conserva judiciary,- tion of wildlife resources around LMNP.

The intelligence unit has been established. It will be strengthened in terms of numbers and logisti- cal support to augment the efforts of controlling illegal activities within and outside the PA.

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Summary table of actions Illegal activities Responsible Activity Other Time Cost (shs) person

Conduct patrols to control WLE CAM illegal activities onwards Year 1, 987,340,000 Conduct awareness among stakeholders on illegal

activities in the Conservation WLE onwards Year 1, CAM, WCC community) 5,600,000 Area (Judiciary, Police,

Prosecute suspects WLE onwards Gather intelligence Year 1, CAM, IO information on illegal WI 85,480,000 WCC onwards activities WLE, CAM, Year 1, Construct and maintain cattle 96,000,000 WLE CAM onwards Year 1, Construct barriers on confinement kraals 124,800,000 WLE CAM onwards points Year 1, identified cattle crossing Procure a boat for marine 5,000,000 WLE CAM Year 3 patrols

Conduct coordinated border 40,000,000 WLE patrols (TZ) onwards Year 1, CAM, WI Participate and organize 48,000,000 Year 1 stakeholder security and law WLE onwards enforcement meetings CAM, WI 8,560,000 4.1.3 Management of wildlife populations

Output

IssuesWildlife andpopulations Rationale of extinct and threatened species re-introduced and managed -

A number of wildlife species are noted to be threatened or rare or have become extinct in occur rence in the recent past. These include lions, hyenas, klipsplinger, Oribi, and reedbucks. The roan antelope is now extinct. Those which are still seen on private land but rarely seen in the PA include Oribi, reedbucks and hyenas.

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Actions Translocations will be undertaken to establish viable populations of rare and threatened species. - - edThe to species dens within to be targeted the park. for Feasibility translocation studies will will include be conducted lions, klipspringer and when and found oribi. possible Existing giraffe hye andna dens southern in the rhino surrounding species communitywill be introduced will be inidentified the park. and the hyenas in these dens trans-locat

Summary table of actions Responsible Activity Others Time Cost (shs) person Establish viable population Year 2 of lions WRM CAM, VC Introduce Giraffe Year 1 17,800,000 AWF CAM, VC, WRM Year 5 OribiRe-introduce roan antelope, Klipspringer and WMR CAM, VC Carry out a feasibility study on introduction of

southern white rhinos Year 2 and implement the WMR CAM, VC recommendations 50,000,000 4.1.4 Wildlife habitat management Output: The integrity of the wildlife habitat restored and managed

Issues and Rationale have changed to woodland dominated by Acacia spp and thickets. The spread of Acacia is associated with reductionDespite LMNP in foliage having for a variety grazers. of vegetationThis has been types, brought the areas about which by used a combination to be predominantly of factors open that grassland include:- frequent unplanned wildfires, grazing, fluctuations in animal numbers and human activities. A variety of distributionwildlife especially and other grazers ecological which include factors zebras,for a number hippos, ofbuffaloes, wildlife water-buckspecies. It is eland, believed impala that and some topi of have the been affected by this vegetation change. The change in the quality of the habitat has affected the abundance, wildlife has moved to open areas on private land thereby causing conflict.

The other issue that affected the quality of habitat in LMNP were wild fires which were set frequently within and around the park. The cool fires brought about by limited fuel have been found to lead to germination and Habitatregeneration management of Acacia started spp. Frequent LMNP in fires 2004. also This destroy has beenseed leadingon small to scale emergence and targeting of unpalatable uprooting species. Acacia hockii using both park resources and organized community groups. The activity has also been done

Selective harvesting of Acacia hockii has led to other shrubs to grow faster and thicker. There is need to carryhaphazardly out planned with and no monitoring holistic habitat to understand management the with impact a clear of Acaciamonitoring removal plan both and onto consider flora and ways fauna. of improving efficiency and effectiveness of habitat management.

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Periodically, fire has been used in LMNP as a management tool to control the spread of wildfires, provide fresh forage for wildlife and protect park property. However no fire management plan has been in place to Waterguide the is an use important of fire in therange PA. resource The resulting that affects effect isanimal believed distribution. to have caused Water negative resources ecological around changes.LMNP are pools of water are formed in various areas within the park allowing. Two water dams have been constructed atconcentrated Kanyinanshara in lakes and and Sanga along gate. River Water Rwizi availability in the western has been part noted of the to park. be affected During theby seasonality.rainy season, During some this water due to the thick vegetation around some of these water bodies and in other instances the animals havethe dry been season, found water dead is after concentrated being stuck around in drying the lakes muddy and waterRiver Rwizi.especially Wildlife in Miriti finds valley.it difficult A number to access of wildlife also moves from the PA to community dams and to Lake Kakyera in search of water during the dry

Wildlifeseason. This disease increases outbreaks conflict have and not chances been common poaching. among the wildlife populations within the PA. Outbreak of foot and mouth disease has been common among the livestock in the neighborhood with cases recorded among the buffaloes found on some ranches.

Management actions - vegetationIn order to removalcontribute of invasiveto reduction species of conflict and provision with the of community water dams park in selected management points will within contin the PA.ue to Appropriate manipulate equipment that habitat. will This be procuredwill be done and through Partnerships committing with both more communities financial resources and other to stakeholders will be undertaken to increase effectiveness and efficiency of habitat management. implemented. Fire will continue to be used as a management tool. A fire management plan will be prepared and Surveillance of common wildlife diseases will be undertaken. Coordination with local authorities will be promoted for monitoring of any disease outbreak among livestock and human beings that is associated with wildlife. Routine monitoring will be undertaken to detect any disease outbreak.

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Summary table of actions Activity Responsible Others Time Cost (shs) person

CAM Year 2 habitat management Procure an excavator for Year 1 Manage the habitat CAMDDC,MME onwards 400,000,000 WMR 492,000,000 Construct and manage water dams in the park

CAM DDC Year 2 (eland track, Nshara Miriiti)and Ruroko track, 10,500,000 Kabusharara/Iborogota,

CAM plan Develop a fire management WMR CAM Year 1, 5 management plan onwards 4,000,000 Implement a fire Year 1, WMR Year 1 20,000,000 Manage disease outbreaks onwards WMR VC, CAM 5,700,000

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5.0 COMMUNITY CONSERVATION PROGRAM Introduction Lake Mburo National Park pioneered Community Conservation (CC) as a management approach complimenting other programs in managing Wildlife and protected areas in Uganda. The community conservation program was intended to address issues and challenges that affect both communities and resources inside the park. The CC program also aims at increasing awareness through conservation educationLMNP so thatamong the the two community can co-exist. and Theschools issues around include the PA. human-wildlife LMNP management conflicts, has accessing made some and successes sharing in working together with all stakeholders in addressing these challenges and enlisting community support for conservation and harmonious co-existence. inDespite arable the farming success around so far LMNP registered has acerbated there are the still problem challenges as dispersal of human-wildlife area for wildlife conflicts has resulting reduced fromthus human population increase with limited resources, change in land use and tenure systems. The increase

Programincreased objective:crop-raiding To incidents, enhance community creating further support conflicts for conservation. between park and the communities.

Outputs 1. 2. Number of complaints of animals on private land reduced 3. ConservationReported incidences education of and problem awareness animals among reduced the community by 50% improved 4. 5. Community benefits in and outside the park increased and diversified 5.1 RevenueProblem sharing animals funds benefit intended targeted communities

Output 1:

Issues andReported Rationale incidences of problem animals reduced by 50% Problem animal management has been a great challenge to park management. -

Problem animals include hyenas, buffalos, hippos, leopards, elephants in Rakai district and croc odiles that injure and kill people and livestock. There have been conflicts of wildlife destroying crop farms, fences, water dams, competing with livestock for pasture and water, predators killing Thislivestock, is escalated human injuriesby the fact and that deaths. a lot of wildlife live on private land outside the PA. Areas most - frequencyprone to problem and the animals range of are wildlife in the indistricts the dispersal of Kiruhura, area hasLwengo, remained Mbarara, overwhelming. Rakai, Isingiro, The Lyannum- bertonde, of reportedSheema, Ntungamocases have andbeen Ssembabule. increasing over Inspite the ofyears the effortsas shown by inPACU the intable LMNP, below. the Thenumbers, likely - causes of this increase are increase in human population, change in land use from pastoral to cul tivation. The shift from traditional Ankole cow to improved breeds e.g exotic breeds has interfered with the co-existence of wildlife with the Ankole cow.

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Table 4: Incidences of problem animals in LMNP

Year No. of cases 2006-2007 No records taken 2007-2008 No records taken 2008-2009 61 2009-2010 123 2010-2011 141 2011-2012 112 2012-2013 162

UWA took into consideration the above issues and liaised with local governments to train vermin created to handle problem animals. guards to control vermin of LLGs while at PA level the, Problem Animal Control Unit (PACU) was Poor response to reported cases of problem animals; Most of the communities around Lake Mburo are cattle keepers and cultivators. Therefore they face a claiming human life. Because of increased wildlife on private land all animals almost are considered problem challenge of wildlife destroying their crops and fences, silting dams, killing domestic animals and even to reported cases in most areas because of inadequate staff in PACU. There is need to train and equip the animals. Although reports of problem animals are made frequently, there has always been slow response capture equipments. This unit should be independent from CC so that it can be well facilitated. unit to quickly respond to problem animals. Urgently needed is a truck (Land cruiser), specialized guns and Poverty of people living around the park Most people living around the park are fairly poor compared to big ranchers in far North and eastern ranches. They are mainly small scale cattle keepers and cultivators. They are not well educated which has burning and even poaching in order to earn a living. There is need to sensitize them on alternative income generatingmade them activities/projects remain unemployed. especially They mostly for women engage and in youths activities in order like fishing,to eradicate acacia poverty. uprooting, charcoal

Incompatibility of land use Some people around the park are cultivators and grow crops which attract wild animals. This results into that attract animals like sorghum and millet. People should be advised to grow crops that are not palatable crop raids which have increased human wildlife conflicts. Farmers should be discouraged to grow crops

Verminto wildlife e.g, coffee, cotton, tobacco. Communities from around Lake Mburo face a problem of vermin and problem animals destroying their vermin. In 2000 Lake Mburo together with Mbarara District production department trained two vermin guardscrops killing from eachlivestock neighboring and claiming sub county their lives. to handle However, vermin. it is Theythe responsibility were e not active of local because government they were to land not facilitated and equipped by local government as was agreed. There is need to recruit and empower vermin guards from areas with vermin to handle them with technical assistance from UWA. The initiation of community institutions stems far back as in1994 when the Park worked with Park Management Advisory Committee (PMAC) in the early stages of Community Conservation. This was in a bid to bring people more closely to the Park management using such small groups selected

Page ( 24 ) - LMCA- GMP (2015-2025) Lake Mburo Conservation Area - General Management Plan (2015 - 2025) by a wider audience. This later came to be named Community Protected Area Institution (CPI) which was in line with Local Government Structures. The essence was to close the information gap between park management and the neighboring community by involving local people and leaders committees on natural resources and environment at sub county and district level have been man- datedin active to handle conservation. wildlife issues.Under Communitiesthe current revenuewith wildlife sharing on private guidelines, land took the interestlocal government in wildlife manage wildlife issues on private land. However the capacities of these associations have been limitedmanagement to management and with theof funds help accruingof the park from management, Sport Hunting Wildlife not the Associations entire Wildlife were - community formed to aspects.

Management actions Park management will partner with other stakeholders such as local governments and NGOs in addressing the issues of environmental education; problem animal and vermin control; and domestic and wild animal offer technical support. Thehealth. management Whereas the will control also lobby of vermin local governments is legally a local at sub government county and responsibility, district level toPark incorporate management budgets will for vermin control interventions in their plans through councils and planning meetings.

UWA will further equip the PACU and build more capacity of the staff to handle the increasing procuring more translocation equipment and increasing the number of staff under the unit and impartingnumber of problem cases of animalproblem management animal occurrences skills to staff.more effectively and efficiently. This will involve

The LMNP management will work with other partners and affected communities to carry out problem animal intervention demonstrations. Specifically management will construct short fences collectingto deter hippos, water fromfence the off danger water pointsof crocodile to deter attacks zebra and from barriers destroying for elephants water points in Sangobay. for livestock, strong pens for Leopards and Hyenas, fencing along the water fetching points to protect people toManagement other PAs. will identify the dens and translocate the hyenas to the identified dens in the park. Other problem animals in dispersal areas like the crocodiles, hyenas, leopards will be translocated Management will continue to give technical support to local government on the control of vermin. privateIt will also ranches collaborate. with district leadership of Kiruhura district, Wildlife Associations, donor agencies e.g. AWF, Private companies like Game Trails and land owners to manage wildlife on

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Summary table of actions Responsible Activity Other Time Cost (shs) person Identify Hyena dens and CAM Year 1 draw translocation plan Translocate Hyenas to the WRM 3,560,000 Park and crocodiles to other Year 1 on PAs (Train and equip staff in wards translocation) WRM VC, CAM 87,000,000 Diversify and carry out interventions for handling problem animals -Hippos Year 1 on WPACU CAM (construct short fences as a wards demonstration) elephants- 19,440,000 Sango bay

demo on Zebra fence of WPACU CAM Year 1 -3 water points Demo - Leopards and 13,620,000 Hyenas construction of WPACU CAM Year 1 -3 strong pens 6,420,000 Demo Crocodiles fencing along the water fetching WPACU CAM Year 1 - 3 points) 4,320,000 Demo on Elephants barriers Year 2 (Sango Bay) 4,050,000 Year 1 on PACU cases CAM wards Respond to Problem animal WCC, 240,000,000 Attend to problem animal Year 1 on

victims wards 54,000,000

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5.2 Wildlife on private land Output 2: Number of complaints of animals on private land reduced Issues and Rationale LMNP was reduced in size in 1986 from 650 km2 at the time of its gazettement as a national park to 370 km2. The reduction in the size of the park did not reduce the home range of wildlife. This resulted in plenty of wildlife remaining and or migrating into private land. Animals on private land around Lake Mburo NP mainly include buffaloes, bush bucks, zebras, impalas, elands, water bucks, wildlifetopis and and reedbucks. regard every These wild animals animal compete on private with landlivestock to be for a pasture,problem wateranimal. and There salt inhave addition been effortsto transmission in involving of diseasescommunities and crop in management destruction. of Due wildlife to the on above, private communities land which have include resented sport hunting and formation of wildlife associations. Despite these efforts, many individual land owners ratherstill feel than that addressing they are not individual getting directchallenges benefits. resulting This isfrom partly problem due to animals. the fact that proceeds from sport hunting are used to implement community projects such as schools, health centers and roads Community support and subsequent appreciation to conservation and in particular wildlife on

- private land depend on comparison of losses and profits an individual household incurs over a theperiod current of time. pressure This explains against thewildlife fact that on private despite land the manyby communities community despite projects being supported well aware by con of servation implemented in many areas, there is limited impact on attitude change. LMNP realizes in and around the Park. the role played by wildlife to the country and in particular the benefits to the communities living Management Actions Management will consider licensing more sport hunting companies in order to increase on the land. benefits to the community and increase the quota aimed at reducing numbers of wildlife on private Park management will work with partners in promoting activities that help the landowners to derive economic benefits from the wildlife on their land. These will include development LMNP management will offer technical support in partnership with other stakeholders to promote land-use systems compatibleof conservancies, with wildlife wildlife conservation ranching and such other as wildlife forms ranching of wildlife and use farming rights. as well as community tourism.

LMNP will work with the wildlife beneficiaries and local governments to consider an arrangement Awhere feasibility individual study landwill beowners conducted can benefit to assess from the wildlife carrying proceeds. capacity and the possibility of sustainably harvesting wildlife on private land. other PAs with fewer populations. Some of the excess populations of wildlife on private land will be translocated from private land to

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Summary table of actions Responsible Activity Other Time Estimate person Establish conservancies WCC Year 1 – 3 CWA Work with private land AWF, CAM, CCC, Year 1 on 50,000,000 owners to adopt wildlife WCC AWF wards ranching CCC, CAM, CWA, Strengthen sport hunting 55,350,000 program (Build capacity of Year 1 on wildlife Associations and WCC wards CCC, CAM, CWA quota where possible) 17,200,000 land owners, increase the Translocate animals Year 1 on wards to other PAs (Katonga, WMR VC, CAM 50,000,000 Kidepo,Conduct Pian a feasibility Upe) study for possible sustainable

harvesting(to control the Year 3 number of wildlife on WRM SMRC, CAM, CWA private land) 70,000,000 Implement Year 3 on recommendations from hunting partners wards feasibility study (SHP)CAM, CWA, Sport WRM Evaluate the effectiveness 10,600,000 CAM M&EM of the interventions Year 5, 10 5.3 Community awareness and education 50,000,000 Output: Conservation education and awareness among the community improved.

Issues and rationale paceThis programmeand progress in as and before around due tothe limited Park wasfunds initiated and resources. by USAID Project through AWF, in 1991 Theto1998 Schools and UWAand communities took charge inin theneighboring subsequent Sub years Counties to date. regarded However, as focal this didinterest not take groups the couldsame community truck is old and dilapidated. not afford hiring public transport to visit the Park. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that the

- ordinateConservation the arrangements. education is effected in two ways i.e. outreach extension and In Park Conservation education program with a fully fledged Education Centre facility in the park that support and co and for its sustainability. UWA has made efforts to encourage communities and schools around the parkThe Conservation to visit the park. Education Management Centre needs is one to of increase the facilities efforts expected and incentives to earn to revenue attract communities for the Park and school groups to visit the park.

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- pecially in controlling illegal activities and showing interest in visiting the park. Through awareness programs, the park has realized some support from communities around es Management actions

Seminars and meetings with relevant units. These will consider integrating conservation educa- LMNP Community Conservation Unit will enhance Conservation Education Outreach workshops,- scripts and Brochures. Management will design and package conservation education information andtion materialsinto School to useCurriculum, at all levels developing concerning and LMNP up grading and the conservation neighborhood education for both formalmanuals, and tran non formal Groups.

LMNP will intensify conservation education to communities especially on different forms on wild- improving house hold livelihoods through working with other Partners life Utilization, Sharing of benefits accruing from conservation related projects and programs and LMNP will work with other partners and Stakeholders to promote and support individual or community based “conservation” activities in and around LMNP using all possible means (meetings, workshops, seminars, Media, drama shows, public functions and gatherings). - tionalManagement facilities will at thereview Centre and to strengthen suit the current this program demand through for visitation training, by schoolsequipping and and communities. facilitating Community Conservation Unit of LMNP. In addition management will renovate, equip and put addi Management will make deliberate efforts to target and sensitize local leaders and some neighboring communities who are negative about the park. The park will offer incentives to motivate leaders who are negative about the park. Such incentive will include but not limited to free entrance into the park. This also inimproves the park. on This the parkwill alsocommunity improve relationship. on the relationship In addition, between individuals the Park who and give the information neighboring about communities. poaching and any other information on illegal activities will be motivated in form of airtime, transport, education free entrancepackag-

ParkLMNP management will develop will communication work towards materials, improving information, services at communication the Centre and effectingand “Cost Shar- es (materials, mobile van, workshops and meetings)

Managementing” arrangements will work for visiting with stake group, holders both schoolsto address and this communities. trend of approach to conservation ben- - efits by reviewing some policies and guidelines and enacting bye –laws that will address the chal lenges at hand. In addition, management will further sensitize LGs on the roles of committees on LMNPnatural will resources work with and environmentother stakeholders under tothe improve Revenue the Sharing Capacity guidelines of these (2014) Associations through training in institutional development and management, and proposal generation.

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Summary table of actions Responsible Activity Others Time Cost (shs) person Develop communication strategy WCC Year 2

CAM,CCC 3,000,000 communication and education WCC materialsDevelop information, Carry out conservation education CAM, CCC Year 2, 6 350,000,000 WCC and awareness onwards Carry out school and youth out – Year 1, WCC CAMCAM, WLE 241,259,200 reach programs onwards Year 1, 240,000,000 Conservation rangers in conservationRecruit and train awareness Community CAM (refresher courses on CCC, WCC, Year 2, 6 mobilization) HRM 32,000,000 communication skills, Hold annual retreat of

CAM WCC Annually Security) to raise awareness on parkstakeholders/ programs leaders (MPs, LCV, 75,500,000 Build capacity of the environment committees and WCC CAM CWA to participate in wildlife conservation Year 2, 6 18,000,000 Work with Local Government to WCC train vermin guards

CAM, CCC Year 3, 7 CAM DDC Year 2 15,920,000 conservation truck Replace the old community Work with Wildlife Clubs and Year 1 400,000,000Under school other related associations to WCC CAM onwards outreach create awareness

5.4 Community Benefits

Output 4:

Issues andCommunity rationale benefits in the Conservation Area increased and diversified. UWA has a policy of providing some non destructive resources through community collaborative arrangements. Scarcity of some resources from the community has led to some of them to put - signedpressure MoUs. to park management to access them in the PA. These resources include water, fish, fire wood, medicinal plants and raw materials for crafts. Some of these are being accessed through

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Water access In the previous GMP provisions were made for communities to access water for livestock through designated corridors during the dry season. Annually over 70 households with over 8,000 heads of withincattle were the corridors allowed to which access has water led tofrom degradation R. Rwizi, Kizimbiof the corridors wetland and surroundingLake Mburo through areas leading entry topermits siltation under of water specific sources. guidelines. In addition However, there it has has been been difficult limited to effort limit movementto create alternative of livestock water only sources outside the PA.

Fishing

Rubare fishing village with about 40 fishing canoes was established on Lake Mburo to provide Thisfisheries has beenresources achieved in the through community. enforcement An MoU by wasLMNP signed together to regulate with the the beach activity management and this unithas subsequently been reviewed. Annually the fishing community at Rubare harvest fish worth 240m. to ensure that there is no illegal fishing. There is also mud fish harvesting in Rukirane wetland by- a regulated group under an MoU and seasonal cat fish harvest during the rainy season when the place floods under permit arrangement. Despite these existing arrangements, there is still de Firewoodmand for fish collection in other water bodies within the PA.

Communities have been allowed to access firewood on designated days in areas of Nyabushenyi, Rubare and Rwenshebashebe on specific agreed days and times of the day as specified in the MoU. In addition communities access firewood through acacia uprooting arrangements. However there is still demand for firewood in Katengyeto and Kyakategyere also requesting for areas for beekeeping along the boundary Other benefits include poles for fencing and building materials, medicinal plants. Communities are

- tionsIn the as western any individual part of the intending park, there to go is the Rwehongyera village has to village go through in Akaku the parishpark gate. where There communities is need to do not have any public access road in their village except through the park. This affects park opera them free movement which does not pass through the park. work with appropriate LG to identify and construct an access road to Rwehongyera village to allow Management Actions

- Management will develop resource access guidelines to ensure that resources are efficiently and sustainably unitized by beneficiary communities. LMNP will work with community leaders to provide alternative water sources for livestock on private land especially in areas of Rwehongyera, Rwamuranda, Rwabarata and Rwakobo. Management will progressively phase out the water ac cess corridors so that by the fifth year of this plan, the corridors are closed. rural appraisal will be conducted with the communities to draw collaborative resource manage- mentResource plans. inventory Assessment will beof resourceconducted availability for allowing will communities be undertaken to accessto ensure resources. sustainable Participatory resource harvesting. Where necessary new MoUs will be negotiated and old ones reviewed.

Management will work with local governments of Kanyaryeru subcounty and Kiruhura district guided to use revenue sharing funds due to this area in addition to any other sources of funds to constructto identify the and road. construct a road to Rwehongyera outside the park boundary. Communities will be

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UWA will maintain water corridors for access of water during the dry season. These will be closed after water dams have been created outside the park but not later than 5 years within the implementation of this plan.

Sport hunting guidelines will be developed to harmonize tourism activities in areas where sport and implemented within the communities. These will be geared towards improving the image of thehunting park is and being gain carried support out. for Corporate conservation. Social Responsibility (CSR) interventions will be identified

Summary table of actions Responsible Activity Other Time Cost (shs) person Develop and review resource

WCC Year 5)1, access guidelines (fish, firewood, CCC, (Review in Evaluate the need for water access 19,500,000 water, acacia, beekeeping) WCC CCC Year 2 corridors in the park Close all water access corridors in WCC CCC Year 5 560,000no budget the park Work with the LG and communities to construct community

WCC Year 1-5 WaterCAM, CDOs, water dams (Rwehongyera, 2,240,000 ConductRwamuranda, resource Rwabarata inventory and for officer Year 1 Rwakobo) WCC onwards community Developidentified new resource MoUs needsand review by the WRM Year 1 WCC CAM 13,200,000 onwards Work with other partners to existing ones for resource access 1,380,000 identify and support income WCC CAM Annually generating activities under 96,000,000 revenue sharing program (RS) Work with LG of Kiruhura Engineer D

District to develop access road to CAM Environ-WCC, D Year 2-5 ment 600,000 Rwehongyera Develop guidelines to make sport officer hunting and tourism mutually WCC Year 2 CCC,CAM, AWF, CWA 200,000 exclusive WCC Annually within the communities Implement CSR interventions CCC, CAM 30,000,000

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5.5 Revenue sharing

Output 5: It is a legal requirement for Uganda Wildlife Authority to share 20% of revenue collected as Park Revenue Sharing funds benefit intended targeted communities sharing program since 1996. So far over 500 million has been shared with the neighboring parish- esentrance as shown fees in with the tablethe neighboring below: communities. The park has been implementing the Revenue

Year Amount distributed 2002-2003 2003-2004 3,869,600 2005-2006 5,192,500 2006-2007 50,849,000 2008-2009 94,712,795 2009-2010 60,634,236 2010-2011 32,972,980 2011-2012 276,026,475 Table 5: Trends of Revenue sharing over 10 years 233,245,239 UWA developed guidelines in 2000 and these were reviewed in 2011 to address the challenges that all stakeholders for implementation. This has the caused the implementers not to follow the guide- lineswere leadingidentified to communityduring the review. complaints The aboutnew guidelines lack of transparency have not been in use adequately of revenue disseminated sharing funds to

Itto has implement also been community noted that projects. the committees In some provided cases, abuse for in of the funds guidelines has been for reported. the implementation of fundsRevenue leading Sharing to delayed projects implementation such as procurement of projects. and project management committees lack capacity. There have also been complaints of lengthy bureaucracy in the disbursement of Revenue sharing

The impacts of wildlife go beyond the frontline parishes that benefit from RS funds as stipulated- sionwithin is thebeyond guidelines. the mandate Because of ofthe this, management some stakeholders plan and who should are benot handled within the at the frontline organizational parishes level.but are affected by wildlife express concerns to be included in the guidelines. However, this deci

Management Actions. The guidelines will be disseminated to all stakeholders who include district and sub county lead- - holders to ensure publicity of released funds and projects to be implemented. ers, and committee selected for implementation of approved projects. LMNP will work other stake All projects implemented under revenue sharing will be branded to ensure visibility and further projects and the use of guidelines. improve transparency. LMNP will work with other stakeholders to monitor implementation of RS LMNP will undertake periodic training of Project implementation Committees and Community

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Procurement Committees (annually) in all Beneficiary Parishes and Sub Counties on Project devel Summaryopment and tablemanagement, of actions management of funds, Procurement processes and accountability. Responsible Activity Other Time Cost (shs) person

WCC CAM Annually guidelines to all stakeholders Disseminate Revenue Sharing Publicize revenue sharing fund 26,200,000 disbursement at all levels (e.g. WCC Annually

CAM, NRO Radio program, Public Notice 17,200,000 Monitor project boards, etc) implementation of revenue WCC CAM Annually sharing projects 24,000,000

WCC Annually funded projects Brand all Revenue sharing CAM, PMC Train Project Management 64,000,000 Committees (PMC) and Community Procurement WCC Annually Committees (CPC) and other relevant implementers in their CAM, CDO roles and responsibilities 51,200,000

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6.0 RESEARCH AND MONITORING PROGRAM Introduction Lake Mburo National Park is one of the PAs which has had a number of researches being carried out. However most of these are socio economic and are carried out around the protected area mainly looking at the interface of cattle and the wildlife and attitude change due to interventions being implemented by park management. With more challenges in the park, management oriented- mentresearch them. will need to be carried out in order to inform decisions. Under this program, a number of research areas have been identified which will need to be advertised to get researchers to imple Program Objective: To provide timely and accurate information for decision making

6.1 Research Output 1: Management decisions made based on researched information Issues and Rationale decision making. The following are key areas where information is scanty or totally lacking to guide management:Limited research has been carried out in LMNP to provide scientific proven information for management

Impact of cattle corridors, livestock sprays and drugs on wildlife resources LMNP is surrounded by pastoralist communities who graze or rear animals in their ranches and farms. These cattle keepers frequently use sprays and drugs to control ticks and disease in their livestock. There is notable interaction between livestock and wildlife especially on private land. These sprays and drugs are likely to cause negative impacts on wildlife and vegetation due to the interaction and may manifest after a drugs on wildlife and its habitat. long time. There is need to carry out research to determine the impacts of cattle corridors, cattle sprays and Studies on carrying capacity of the PA and surrounding areas The park has a variety of wildlife species and the numbers have been increasing over the past years as illustrated in table 5 below

Dec- May- Oct- May- Feb- Jul- Jun- Feb- May- Aug Species 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2002 2004 2006 2010 2012 Buffalo 25 105 486 132 946 591 574 Eland 273 88 285 199 28 606 296 1,115 Hippo 51 76 303 97 213 357 250 296 1,442 1,323 1,378 Impala Topi 57 111 362 81 183 271 162 148 173 6,599 7,442 6,817 4,124 1,595 2,956 3,300 4,705 33,565 29,285 Warthog 571 480 964 559 550 493 560 741 Waterbuck 241 287 485 427 598 396 548 Zebra 1,072 3,495 3,644 Table 5: showing2,430 trends of1,574 wildlife numbers3,254 over3,748 the years.2,249 2,665 4,280 5,968 11,778 11,974

Page ( 35 ) - LMCA- GMP (2015-2025) Lake Mburo Conservation Area - General Management Plan (2015 - 2025) park. There has been vegetation change with Acacia colonizing most of the park reducing grazing areas for It is likely that with the current management efforts, numbers may exceed the carrying capacity of the assess the carrying capacity of the park both within the PA and ranches. Information from this research will becertain used species in prescribing e.g zebra, management hippos, buffaloes, measures warthogs such as amongcropping others. and determining No research sport has been hunting carried quotas out for to the wildlife populations especially those on private land.

Climate change

Park which lies in rain shadow of Lake Victoria with two dry seasons in a year. The long dry season starts fromLMNP June has tobeen September experiencing while long the shortdroughts dry seasonas a result from of December climate change. to late TheFebruary park isor a early savannah March. National There withhas not the been changes. any studies to find out the impact of climate change on the park ecosystem in general and wildlife in particular. Therefore, research is needed to help UWA and Lake Mburo management to cope up Effects of pilot habitat management interventions on the ecosystem The vegetation in LMNP has been changing from open grassland to woodland type dominated by Acacia species. The spread of Acacia has tried a number of methods species to manage is often the associated Acacia which with the include reduction uprooting in grazing Acacia areas, and deterioration block burning. of herbs, and spread of unpalatable grasses and general deterioration of habitat quality. The park management there is a strong need for a research to be carried out to bring out the effective method of managing the habitatThis in someto improve areas habitathas resulted quality in for other the specieswildlife totypes multiply, in LMNP. grow The faster research and close will also up the provide areas. information Therefore, on contribution of habitat management in the PA on managing wildlife on private land.

Water quality

Lake Mburo National Park has many water bodies which include Lakes, River Rwizi and permanent swamps. MburoThe water is the from receiving these sourcesend of this is usedriver byand the a variety park staff, of wildlife tourists, use and the communities river and lake without for watering. any treatment. The level ofRiver pollution Rwizi passesof this riverthrough and Mbarara the likely Municipality impacts on thewhere wildlife many resources pollutants is are not discharged known. Therefore into the a river. thorough Lake research is needed to determine the quality of water and its effects on wildlife resources in Lake Mburo and other Lakes around the park.

Attitude survey: LMNP has over the years involved communities in management of the park. Community conservation introducedprograms have as a been way intensifiedof giving incentives to create toawareness communities of communities to appreciate about the conservation.value of wildlife Revenue on their sharing land. Despitehas been all implemented these initiatives to help limited communities surveys have realize been benefits carried from out to the assess park. whether In addition, they sport have huntingchanged was the out a detailed survey to assess the impact of these initiatives on the attitudes of communities towards conservation.community’s negative attitudes towards conservation and the existing of the park. There is need to carry

Management Actions

UWA will continue identifying other areas of research in addition to what has been identified in this Effortsmanagement will be plan. made Partners to implement will be recommendation identified to work depending with UWA on management in carrying out needs. the identified areas of research. A research symposium will be held to disseminate the research findings from different researchers.

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Summary table of actions Responsible Activity Other Time Cost (shs) person

Identify areas of research

WMR MRC, CAM Year 1,5 Identify partners to conduct Year 2 on 400,000 CAM wards MRC, PC, WMR research in the identified areas 4,000,000 Disseminate and implement Year 2 CAM onwards WMR research findings 8,800,000 6.2 Monitoring

Output 2: To establish Trends of the different ecosystem parameters established

Issues and Rationale parkLake Mburoor from National migrating Park birds. has aThere variety is ofneed animals for high and levelbirds monitoring which are exposed of wildlife to somein case disease of any outbreak disease outbreake.g FMD, anthrax, before it Bird gets flu.out Thisof hand. may This result monitoring from the shouldinteraction not be of limitedwildlife to and wildlife livestock in the around PA but the should national also districts. be extended to the surrounding areas in collaboration with other veterinary doctors from the neighboring

Apart from the outbreak mentioned above, disease transmission from wildlife to livestock and vice- transmissionversa, e.g. Brucella, is likely Anthrax to occur and so thatTyphoid measures is also are likely taken to tooccur. prevent Therefore, the transmission there is a instrong time. need This forrequires close equippingmonitoring staff of the with transmission basic knowledge of diseases. about This diseases monitoring and their will transmission help in determining and how time, these season can be when handled. this

Negative impacts of developments

There are a number of developments inside the park e.g. hotels, and other accommodation facilities. Other thedevelopments park and these are being have beenimplemented rejected foroutside ecological the park reasons. e.g. Hotels, These Charcoaldevelopments burning, are factories,likely to result improved into farming etc. Several requests have been received by UWA to allow exploration and mining of gypsum in wildlifenegative and impacts the habitat like destruction and these of may wildlife not easilyhabitats, be recognizedsoil erosion, in and a short air and period water of pollution, time. Monitoring poor waste of thesemanagement, developments silting isof needed lakes and in order rivers to and ensure other a healthywater bodies. ecosystem. These impacts may have long effects on

Invasive species Invasive species have invaded Lake Mburo National Park in recent years mostly Acacia species (A. hockii and A. geradii Lantana camara hyacinth. Lantana camara is in the ranches and farms around Lake Mburo National Park most especially around Kizimbi), andbut Katengyetothere are other areas. species Lantana which camara have come up. These include , water

is known to spread to prolifically if not controlled. monitoringAlso the Water the spreadhyacinth of whichthese two is an potentially invasive waterinvasive weed species. has been sighted along R. Rwizi with possible threat of invading all the lakes within the Lake Mburo ecosystem. There is need for mapping the extent and

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Illegal activities:

Lake Mburo National Park still faces the challenge of controlling illegal activities especially grazing, poaching, illegal fishing and boundary encroachment. These illegal activities have an impact on wildlife numbers, minimizedistribution both and short habitat. and longInformation term effects. on these activities is collected using Ranger Based Data Collection (RBDC) tool. There is need to continue monitoring the impacts of the illegal activities on the park so as to Monitoring wildlife management interventions needManagement to monitor has the been effectiveness implementing of these a number interventions of interventions to guide management e.g sport hunting, and future acacia scaling removal, up. fire management. There is limited monitoring of these interventions to find out their effectiveness. There is Wildlife Populations: Wildlife populations in Lake Mburo Conservation Area have been increasing for some species while other species the numbers have decreased. Animal species like roan antelopes have disappeared while others pasturelike Oribi, and have water. decreased. The increase In addition of Wildlife reduction outside in poachingthe Park mayin and also outside be caused the Park by the has vegetation led to increase change in andpopulation seasonal of wildlifemovements in the of ranches wildlife. which There has is increasedtherefore Humanneed for Wildlife continuous Conflicts monitoring as animals of competethe wildlife for within the park and areas around the park to establish trends that would guide management decisions on addressing the challenges.

Fencing the Park: Government has proposed fencing (Vision 2040) in order to control animals moving outside the - cated for this intervention where they will require UWA to translocate wildlife from community/ park and minimize impacts of wildlife on communities. Ranchers around LMNP have also advo and maintain a fence. The impacts of fencing LMNP on the social economic and ecological aspects areindividual not known. ranches There to isthe need park to within carry out three a feasibility years after study fencing. in order However, to provide it is informationcostly to construct on the impacts of fencing for decision making.

Management actions analyzedPark management and maps will produced. continue This collecting will help RBD management on animal in distribution, decision making illegal activities, location and numbers of dead animals, sport hunted animals and ranger patrol coverage. This data will be - ment (EIAs) will be conducted. Mitigation measures will be prescribed and implemented to min- imizeFor all negative developments impacts to that be implementedare likely to occur. in and The around management the Park, will Environmental also monitor Impact compliance Assess to the implementation of prescribed mitigation measures. Environmental audits will also be carried out for all the projects according to NEMA guidelines and the EIA regulations. park. This will help in determining the water quality and preventing diseases both to humans and wildlife.UWA will The work information with DWRM, will to be monitor shared thewith quality other ofstakeholders water in the and water used bodies to prevent in and pollution around the of the water bodies. Inventories will be carried out to determine availability and quantity of resources demanded by communities.

Katengyeto. All these will be equipped with the necessary weather gadgets. Sanga and Rwonyo weather stations will be maintained and new ones established at Nshara and

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UWA will continue carrying out periodic animal censuses including road side counts to determine from census results will be used in assessing the carrying capacity and setting sport hunting quo- tasnumbers, among species, other things. population structure and the distribution in and outside the PA. Information

UWA in collaboration with Local Government will undertake disease surveillance in and outside the PA on both livestock and wildlife to determine whether there is any disease outbreak and transmission and how quickly it can be handled. serval cats among others. A special program will be put in place to monitor large predators includ- The park hosts a number of predators including the lion, leopards, hyenas, genets, civets, jackals, in the neighboring communities. ing lions, leopards and hyenas to determine the numbers, distribution in to contain their impacts Lantana camara and water hyacinth and monitor the spread

AcaciaManagement removal will will map continuously the extent beof monitored to establish the effectiveness of the interventions. of these two potentially invasive species. In addition, interventions for habitat management e.g -

The park will continue monitoring the sport hunting activity in order to establish the extent of ac tivity, the numbers and species of animals sport hunted. This information will inform the decision makers in setting quotas and determining the benefits that go to UWA and the community.

As visitor numbers and activities increase in the park, waste management will increasingly become witha challenge. concessionaires In order to inside address the the park challenge, to ensure litter proper bins management will be placed of at waste. appropriate locations like gates, offices, campsites and around accommodation facilities. Park management will also work A feasibility study will be carried out on the likely impacts of fencing on wildlife both inside and outside the park. The results of the study will inform the decision makers on whether to implement this intervention.

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Summary table of actions

Responsible Activity Other Time Cost (shs) person (budget under WLE Annually patrols) ConductCarry out RBDC EIA for park WMR EIA Unit Annually developments Monitor negative impacts of WMR 4,800,000 developments in and around EIA Unit Annually the PA WMR 4,400,000 Carry out environmental EIA Unit Annually audits for developments Monitor water quality in WMR 4,400,000 water sources in the park ( Year 1 CAM onwards WMR 5,000,000 acidity, alkalinity, turbidity, Monitor resource use WCC annually conductivity, BOD and COD) Collect weather data WMR CAM 13,200,000 Every 2 Headquarter Carry out animal census WMR 4,000,000 years budget WMR MRC Monitor disease outbreaks and undertake disease onwards surveillance Year 1, WMR VC, CAM 13,200,000 Conduct roadside wild animal Year 1 CAM counts onwards WMR 31,200,000 Monitor large predators onwards Year 1, Monitor habitat management WMR CAM, VC 7,300,000 interventions including CAM onwards invasive species Year 1, WMR 13,200,000 Monitor sport hunting Year 1 activities (2 blocks) onwards Manage waste in the park and WMR WCC, CAM Year 1 50,400,000 WCC surrounding areas onwards Carry out a feasibility study on WMR Year 3 14,800,000 CAM effects of fencing on the park onwards WMR 50,000,000

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7.0 PARK OPERATIONS AND ADMINISTRATION Introduction capacityThis program and building deals with a strong the capacity collaborative needs ofand the coordination park in order mechanisms to effectively with and other efficiently partners implement that supportthis management the successful plan. implementationThe program addresses of the plan the administrative infrastructure requirements, human

Program Objective: To effectively manage the conservation area

Outputs:

1. Adequate and improved infrastructure in and around the park provided 2. 3. Collaboration and coordination amongst various stakeholders strengthened Effective and efficient workforce put in place 7.1 Infrastructure Output: Adequate and improved infrastructure in and around the park provided Issues and Rationale Poor access roads: LMNP is located about 10 km off Kampala- Mbarara highway. There are 3 main access roads to Lake Mburo willNational need Park. to be Thesegraded. are; Currently Nshara, efforts Sanga are and being Katengyeto made by access Igongo roads. Cultural Nshara Centre and Sangathrough roads Mbarara are in local fair Governmentcondition but to need grade periodic this road. maintenance. Although Withmaintenance the proposal of these of opening access uproads the isKatengyeto a responsibility gate, this of localroad governments, the local governments take long to maintain them and the park management has often come in to do the filling and grading where necessary. Access road Distance (km) Akageti-Nshara Gate 10 Sanga trading centre – Sanga Gate 13 Biharwe trading to Katengyeto gate 10

Park Management roads Gate Distance (km) Katengyeto-Sanga gate 28.5 10 Nshara gate to Zebra truck junction 10 Sanga gate to Rwonyo 1 CEC to Sanga gate 1 Rwonyo to lakeside restaurant Nkwanzinungi junction to Kanyinanshara 6 1 TOTAL 57.5 Rubare junction to Rubare fishing village

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The main tourism activity in LMNP is game drives. There are a number of tourism tracks as summarized in the table below:

Track name Distance (km) Condition Zebra (from Sanga gate to Impala 11 Good track junction) Eland (Impala track to Zebra track) 11 Poor

9 Good headquarters) Impala (Sanga gate-Rwonyo Warukiri (Impala track to Lake side) 6 Good

Kigambira loop 12 Poor

15 Poor track) Ruroko (Impala track to Kazuma 4 Poor

Kazuma (Lakeside-Ruroko junction) 8 Poor

Research track (Iborogota) 7 Poor Kazuma/Warukiri junction) Lakeside track (Rwonyo HQ – TOTAL 83

tracks are also in poor condition and need maintenance in order to make the game drives comfortable for visitors.Most of these tracks were poorly designed to pass through the valleys and as a result they often flood. The ofOf goodsrecent, and the servicesLocal Governments between the of two Kiruhura districts. and There Isingiro has have been been pressure demanding from politiciansfor a road toto connectconstruct the a two districts through the park. The districts argue that this road will improve tourism, ease transportation park. However there is an alternative road connecting to Isingiro via Nyamabare bridge which is short and canbridge serve across the sameRiver purpose. Rwizi to connect the two districts in effect creating a public access road through the Creation of this road will create unnecessary fragmentation which will have negative impact on this small constructionprotected area. of the The bridge road was will considered in addition not lead feasible to increased both ecologically illegal activities, and economically. affect wildlife movements and general disturbance to the park and reduce the aesthetic values of the park among others. Therefore, Poor communication network (Radio and Telephone). Currently communication in Lake Mburo is a challenge by both telephone and radio call. Weak signals of all telecommunication networks are received in the park. This has made communication within and outside

The radio call repeater station at Hotel Tango (Kigarama hill) is not functional making internal radio very difficult affecting tourism and park operations. inadequate. communication difficult. This repeater needs replacement. Hand held radios and base stations are

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Inadequate transport for park operations. LMNP faces a challenge of inadequate transport in terms of vehicles and motorcycles for effective operations. and motorcycles are inadequate for park operations. Only one vehicle is in good condition while others are Currently the park has 4 pickups, one old Tata lorry, grader, one tractor and 2 old motorcycles. The vehicles The park lacks a construction unit which has hindered quick and effective park operations. Construction ofvery roads old, isin notpoor implemented condition and as need planned. replacement. The creation of this unit will help management to construct and maintain park building and roads on time.

Lack of an Airstrip: air strip. The airstrip was adequate for small planes but was never operational. LMNP being proposed forIn early MICE 1980s, needs anan areaairstrip near to thesupport former implementation interpretation ofcentre this concept.was identified In addition and cleared the improved to establish tourism an infrastructure and increase in tourist numbers in and around Lake Mburo necessitates construction of an air strip to support this development.

Poor staff accommodation and offices: Most staff accommodation facilities in LMNP are in a poor state. However efforts are being made to construct better staff accommodation at the new park headquarters at Minekye at the periphery of the park boundary.

Currently the construction of two blocks is ongoing. It is planned that in the next three years, the staff accommodation will be ready and staff will shift from Rwonyo. However some staff will remain at Rwonyo to ensure the safety of tourists and other park infrastructure. Being a tourism hub, the majority of ranger guides will be retained in Rwonyo. There will therefore be need for accommodation for the remaining staff. Office space at Rwonyo is inadequate. 49Currently established the park in partnership has 9 permanent with Gameoutposts trails namely;- to curb Nshara, poaching Kizimbi, in the Kyakategyere, ranches. Generally Sanga thegate, number Rubanga, of Bisheshe, Katengyeto, Bwara, and Kanyinanshara. In addition there is a satellite outpost located at Ranch outposts in LMNP is adequate and well distributed. The only gap is in Kibikwa where fishing, poaching and security issues exist. This management plan proposes to build an outpost at Mujwiguru in order to handle road).issues inThere Kibikwa is a houseand Kigambira. on Kakoba In plotall outposts, which is accommodation occupied by UWA is still staff. very The poor plot and is fenced inadequate. but someone hasUWA illegally owns plots built inon Mbarara, the access one road. in Kakoba The Mbarara and another high street in Mbarara is currently town beingon high occupied street (Masaka-Mbarara by Petro Uganda despite the fact that UWA won a case to re-possess the plot. However information about this case is still scanty and further investigations are still being carried out.

Management Actions law enforcement warden. These remaining houses will be renovated and allocated to some of the remaining staff.All old A staff two houses 10 roomed at Rwonyo block willwill be be demolished constructed except to cater those for currently junior staff occupied who will by thebe providingCAM, Accountant services and at banda.Rwonyo. The The quarter current guard Hotel will Tango be relocated outpost will to the be newmaintained par headquarter and equipped at Minekye. to act as an observation post. The main road entering Rwonyo establishment will be diverted to pass near the current location of Tchagra

CleanAll office water structures will be pumpedat Rwonyo from will Lake be demolished Mburo to the except staff thequarters. main office A canteen block will currently be constructed housing the to serveCAM. staffThis remainingand tourists. office block will be renovated. and the plan is to relocate to Minekye close to CEC.

UWA will work with Rural Electrification to extend power from Sanga to the park.

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UWA will construct 6 unit blocks at all outposts with water harvesting system and other attendant facilities

Sanga gate which will have only the gate structure and other attendant facilities. The staff at Sanga gate willto cater be accommodated for staff accommodation at Minekye according park headquarters. to UWA standards. Hotel Tango All gates will bewill developed have 8 unit and blocks equipped except to forbe operated as an observation post. A 3 unit block will be constructed to accommodate the 3 Staff on the site.

All structures in the park that are old and dilapidated will be demolished. These include structures at Hot

AllIce, administrative Makerere camp, and and tourism former access interpretation roads and centre. tracks within the park will be rehabilitated and maintained. UWA will work with the relevant Local governments to rehabilitate those roads within their jurisdiction.

deliberateAll necessary efforts equipment to convince including telephone vehicles, companies motorcycles, to improve communication network coverage. equipment, office equipment as identified in the table.7 will be procured to ease operations and transport in the park. UWA will make Signage will be installed throughout the park according to UWA signage plan.

UWA will work with the Nshara government ranch to construct a management road along the park-Nshara boundary from Nshara gate to ranch 46 to ease monitoring of illegal activities.

UWA will secure land titles and develop rental houses at Kakoba plot. UWA will also make efforts to recover

Summarythe plot on high table street of and actions put the title in UWA’s names. Responsible Activity Other Time Cost (shs) person Demolish all old staff CAM Year 4 Accountant and Law houses except the CAM’s, Enforcement WA, W Civil 4,000,000

the remaining staff CAM Year 5 housesRedesign and renovate WA, W Civil 30,000,000 Shift the main road to pass near Tchagra and CAM Year 1 connect with the road Civil Engineer, from the airstrip 2,000,000 QENP

Demolish all office CAM Year 4 headquartersstructures except have CAMs movedand M&R to officesMinekye after WA, W Civil 2,000,000

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Renovate the office CAM Year 5 block (CAMs and M&R WA, W Civil 10,000,000 offices) to cater for camp guardattendant, after store diverting the CAM Year 1-3 roadRelocate to Minekye the quarter WA, W Civil, 8,000,000 Construct a water supply CAM Year 2-4 facilities system for Rwonyo WA, W Civil 200,000,000 Construct 2 staff canteens at Minekye and CAM Year 4

WA, W Civil 30,000,000 Rwonyo 10-roomed blocks for CAM Year 2 Construct a 2, WA, W Civil 300,000,000 Decommission the junior staff at Rwonyo quadbike structure near CAM WA Year 1 Mantana guided by the concession agreement 500,000 Construct a 6-unit block for the staff accommodation according to UWA standards with water harvesting system and CAM Year 2-5 other attendant facilities WA, W Civil 750,000,000 in all outposts (Bwara, Kigambira)Bisheshe, Kizimbi, Rubanga, Kibikwa- Construct 8 unit blocks CAM Year 1-4

WA, W Civil 600,000,000 atConstruct all gates 4 except roomed Sanga block for staff accommodation and CAM Year 4 observation platform equipped with a WA, W Civil 136,000,000 telescope at Hotel Tango and tracks within the CAM Year 1-5 parkRehabilitate all roads WA, W Civil 562,000,000 Maintain all roads and Year 1 CAM WA tracks onwards 70,250,000

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Demolish structures

CAM Year 1 formerin the following interpretation areas, centreMakerere camp, hot ice, WA, W Civil 1,500,000 Construct an access CAM Year 4 track to Hotel Tango WA, W Civil 10,000,000 Procure motorcycles CAM Year 1-10 for outposts, law WA, MES 255,000,000 enforcement, inteligence, CC, tourism Procure communication equipments for all CAM

WA, WLE, IT Year 2, 6 167,880,000 outpostsCoordinate and with offices telecom companies to improve CAM WA Year 1 - network coverage

accommodation atConstruct Minekye office park and CAM Year 1 headquarters WA, W Civil 250,000,000 amenities (Rwanengo) with social CAM Year 1-2 - Work with the Rural Electrification Agency to WA, W Civil extendCreate apower boundary to the road park between ranch and park CAM Year 3 (management road) WA, W Civil 24,000,000 Develop Kakoba plot by constructing structures BDM Year 4-6 for rent (consider W Civil CAM, ED, DDC, partnership) 6,020,000,000

names for both plots CAM Year 2 (checkSecure withtitle inPLC) UWA’s PLC, 2,000,000 Evict/negotiate with the encroacher on Mbarara CAM Year 1 high street plot PLC, DDC NB: The visitor centre will include an office for warden tourism, toilet to be included in the VIC

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7.4 Capacity and governance

Output:

InadequateEffective training and efficient for staff: workforce put in place visitor handling e.g customer care and interpretation. Currently most staff have paramilitary training and a few others have been trained in wildlife management, gainAlthough more customer skills in their care areastrainings of operation. have been conducted, these have been basic lasting only 2-3 days and as a result have had very limited impact. In order to effectively perform their duties, staff in LMNP require to Inadequate staff: LMNP though a small park has various challenges which require a strong force and adequate staff. The last

GMP identified staff gaps but these were never filled. This GMP has identified new need of increasing staff poachingin different and departments other illegal in activities. order to Currently be effective each and outpost efficient. has For got example,2-3 staff whoin order are inadequate to effectively to handle requiredlaw enforcement operations operations, at an outpost. a number In order of outposts to effectively have been handle established law enforcement and new onesthere proposed is need to to increase control the number of staff at the outpost to 6.

Table 6: Staff requirements Staff Category Present No. Required No. Shortfall

Chief Warden 1 1 0

Warden LE 1 1 0

Warden CC 1 1 0

Warden PACU 1 1 0

Warden Tourism 1 1 0

0 1 1

Warden MRCivil Engineer (construction) 0 1 1 Warden Intelligence 0 1 1

Intelligence staff 7 7 0

Warden Accounts 1 1 0

Assistant Warden Accounts 0 1 1

Secretary 1 1 0

32 84 52

LE Rangers 5 8 3

CC Rangers 15 25 10

Tourism Ranger Guides

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Staff Category Present No. Required No. Shortfall

3 4 1

MR Rangers 4 10 6

PACUAccounts Rangers Clerks 8 8 0 Stores clerk 1 1 0

Chef 1 2 1

Waitresses 4 8 4

Drivers 5 5 0

Grader operator 1 1 0

0 1 1

Coxswain 1 1 0

OfficeCamp attendant 4 2 2 1 2 1

RoomPorters Attendants 1 4 3

93 177 88

Equipments Generally LMNP lacks adequate equipments to facilitate its operations. The following table summarizes the equipment requirements for park.

Table 7: List of equipments

Equipment Current Condition Required Total Cost (shs) 3 old (will be Pickups 4 boarded off) 4 5 1 new Lorry 1 Old 1 1 250,000,000 each Tractor 1 Old 1 1 400,000,000 Grader 1 Fair 1 0 - 150,000,000 Tipper Lorry 0 - 1 1 Wheel loader 0 - 1 1 150,000,000 150,000,000

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Motorcycles (each outpost to have 1plus 1 for 2 Old 13 13 intelligence and 1 for 5,000,000 each, total LE) 650,000,000 Patrol boat 0 - 1 1

Tourism boat (need 60,000,000 Old (will be a modern boat)-12 2 2 2 boarded off) seater 3 in good 120,000,000 each Standby generator 5 1 6 fair condition condition, 2 in 50,000,000 Poor (to be 1 communication 1 1 18m boarded off) systemRadio (HF)-cordan VHF for all outposts 14 3 Poor 14 and gates 25m 2.5m each, total 1 Poor 1 1 17m

HandRepeater sets station (walkie 10 Poor 22 22 1 for each head of unit=8talkies), 14 outposts, 900,000 each, total = 19,800,000 Chargers (walkie 10 Poor 22 22 talkie) 70,000 per charger, total=1,540,000 3 Poor 14 14 800,000 each, total Batteries (VHF), Battery (Walkie) 10 Poor 22 22 11,200,000

14 120,000 each total = Solar system 4 Poor 14 2,640,000 Security equipments 700,000 each, total 3 9,800,000 handcuffs) (metal detectors, 500,000 each 4 Good 12 16 phones Office/Intercom 1 Good 2 3 200,000

OfficeTents phone 5 Good 20 25 200,000 each Cameras 2 Good 4 6 600,000 each 2,000,000 each

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Voice recorders 6 6

Binoculars 6 Good 16 22 600,000 each Night vision - - - 4 600,000 each binoculars 6 poor GPS 14 12 20 3,000,000 each condition Sleeping bags 0 20 20 1,000,000 each Sleeping mats 20 20 400,000 each 90 90 200,000 each Camelbak (water Rucksacks 90 90 200,000 each bottle) 120 Gumboots 100,000

Lifejackets 25,000 each pairsx2 4 in good Computers 8 880 x3 120,000 (Internet) 8 (office) 2 old Laptops 1 condition, 4 1 2 3,000,000 each 1 Printers 1 (colored) 2,000,000 Photocopier 1 Poor 1 2 5,000,000

Furniture (assorted) 3,000,000 each Telescope 0 1 20,000,000 Assorted guide 90 3,000,000 books copies Automatic Weather 3 40,000 each station PACU equipment 7,000,000 Management Actions 25,000,000 recruitment will be done two times over the plan period in the second and seventh year. Management will alsoStaff carry will be out recruited periodic totraining fill the needs vacant assessment posts as identified for all staff in and this in management collaboration plan with (refer human to resourcetable 6). unitThe at headquarters and train staff according to the identified needs.

LMNP management will continue working with other government agencies and attend regular meetings, security meetings, planning, review and evaluation meetings. This will also apply to individuals and institutions who support conservation. Management from time to time will identify different incentives to motivate staff who excel in their work. populalise wildlife conservation. In addition PA management will identify and undertake corporate social responsibilityLMNP will continue activities participating to promote in the national, image oflocal the and park social and UWAevents in sogeneral as to improve UWA’s visibility and

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Management will initiate procurement of adequate equipment for smooth running of park operations as

identifiedSummary in the table table of 7. Allactions old equipment will be boarded off in accordance with the PPDA Act. Responsible Activity Other Time Cost (shs) person Carry out training needs CAM assessment CAM HRM Year 1,2 5 750,000 Year 1 Recruit to fill vacant positions CAM HRM 3,600,000 onwards Year 1 Train staff in relevant fields CAM PCHRM 192,000,000 GMP implementation onwards - Mobilise financial resources for Participate and hold regular Year 1 CAM WA onwards evaluation meetings management, planning, reviews and Year 1 294,000,000 Carry out general CA administration CAM WA onwards Motivate and reward staff Year 1 CAM 60,000,000 performance onwards HRM 20,000,000 Year 1 CAM WT, onwards WLE, Participate in local, national events 105,000,000 WCC, Procure road unit equipments CAM WMR Year 1-2 WEng MES, 300,000,000

Procure vehicles, security CAM MES Year 2-7 equipments, office equipments, management 1,974,000,000 Boardfield equipments, off old vehicles problem and animal Year 1 CAM equipments onwards PM, MES 3,000,000 Create incentives for rewarding Year 1 individuals and institutions that CAM onwards have supported LMNP programs HRM 10,000,000

Improve the visibility of the park Year 1 through participating in social CAM WT, onwards events such as sports WCC, 5,000,000 WLE, Year 1 WA CAM management WMR onwards Carry out prudent financial 70,000,000

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Output : Collaboration and coordination amongst various stakeholders strengthened

Issues and Rationale Inadequate coordination and information sharing especially in security. issues. The CAM is a member of District security committees for the three districts around the park. In additionLMNP management LMNP Law worksEnforcement with other unit sister conducts security joint forces operations like police, with UPDFother andsister ISO forces to handle in respective security areas. LMNP also participates in security meetings at lower local governments. LMNP management also strengthened. benefits from sharing intelligence information with other security agencies. All these measures need to be coordinated border patrols and meetings have been conducted with Tanzanian counter parts to control The park management involves different stakeholders in management of the Conservation area. For example, to be strengthened to address challenges along the border. Management collaborates with local leaders and communitiespoaching and ofillegal the neighboring trade along R.parishes Kagera. to Routine manage coordinated wild life on bordertheir land. patrols and regional meetings need

Lake Mburo works closely with NEMA, Rwizi catchment Management Committee (local governments, government institutions, NGOs and private companies who have a stake in management of R. Rwizi), additionNakivale management resettlement has scheme, worked Kagera with district Transboundary local governments Agro-system of Kiruhura Management and Mbarara Project to improve (TAMP) on to roadimprove network the livelihood to the park of and the improving neighboring working communities relationship and conservewith other River organs Rwizi to conserve and Nakivale Lake Mburo.area. In

Management Actions Park management will implement the provisions in the signed protocols with security agencies as spelt out in the UWA strategic Plan (2013-2018)

LMNP will continue to hold and attend coordination meetings with other stakeholders to support wildlife conservation programs.

Summary table of actions Responsible Activity Other Time Cost (shs) person Implement the signed protocols with Year 1 CAM onwards - the strategic plan other security agencies as defined under WI, WLE Hold/ attend coordination meetings with Year 1 CAM onwards Private partners) WI, WLE, other stakeholders (security, LG, NGOs, Support Local Governments to manage WCC, WT Year 1 72,000,000 WCC vermin PACU onwards - Establish collaborative arrangement CAM, Year 1 to address wildlife management issues WCC WLE onwards around the PA Strengthen joint operations by the ranch WLE CAM and UWA onwards Year 1,

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Harmonise program implementation Year 1 CAM with other stakeholders within the CA onwards Work with other development partners WCC, WT Year 1 including LG to advise on appropriate CAM WCC onwards land use practices around the park 20,000,000 Year 1 governments to manage issues in the CAM WCC onwards landscapeNetwork with Rwizi catchment and local

Establish community wildlife committees 5,600,000

WCC Year 1-3 Isingiro to handle problem animals in Rakai and CAM, CCC 10,000,000 CAM WCC negotiation onwards Establish a forum for conflict resolution, Year 1, 16,000,000

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PART 3 - Business Plan

Grey Growned Crane & African Finfoot

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8.0 TOURISM DEVELOPMENT:

The Tourism Development program highlights the major actions through which the park will improve revenue generation so as to ensure plan implementation. With a variety of wildlife that is unique and signature to Lake Mburo National Park (e.g the Impala), the potential for developing a strong and vibrant Programtourism program Objective: is unequaled. To generate The more proximity revenues of forthe the national Park park to the central business city of Kampala makes it the only candidate for the Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Events (MICE) concept. Outputs 1. Tourism facilities and infrastructure in and around the park increases and improved 2. 3. Numbers of tourists visiting LMNP increased 4. Tourism experience improved

8.1 CommunityTourism facilities benefits from and tourism infrastructure enhanced

Output: Tourism facilities and infrastructure in and around the park increased and improved

Issues and Rationale LMCA is the nearest Protected Area close to Kampala which provides potential for it to be developed for domestic tourism. It is the only Park with viable population of Impala and Eland species. -

ArcadiaDespite cottagesits suitable with location, a capacity tourism of 20 hasbeds not and been Mantana fully tapped.tented camp This withhas mainly a capacity been of due 18 beds. to in adequate accommodation. Currently, there are only two facilities for accommodation in the park.

UWAIn addition, are 4 bandas these facilitieswith a capacity are very of 8expensive beds and and buffalo are tentedonly meant camp forwith the a 13high bed end capacity. tourists These and caterdon’t forfavor the the low budget budget and tourists domestic but are tourists. few in Amongnumber the and tourism in poor facilitiescondition. that are managed by

LMCA also has a number of other tourism accommodation facilities outside the protected area as below

Table 8: Accommodation outside the Protected Area. Mihingo Lodge 30 bed capacity Rwakobo rock 20 bed capacity Eagles nest Lodge 24 bed capacity Mburo safari lodge 23 bed capacity

- pensive to both facilities and domestic tourists. Although these facilities give additional accommodation they are still not enough and remain ex - hasCurrently, been demand there are from only tourism 3 gates stakeholders to the Park toi.e access Sanga the gate, park Kanyinanshara through the western and Nshara part claiminggate. Al thatthough these these other gates gates are are in afair bit conditionfar. Another they gate need is needed to be upgradedat Katengyeto to UWA area standards. where an access Also, there road

Page ( 55 ) - LMCA- GMP (2015-2025) Lake Mburo Conservation Area - General Management Plan (2015 - 2025) visitors to access the tourism culture center in Biharwe. The current track network totals to about 115kmalready andexists. most It hasof them a good are access poorly road designed and connects without loopsvisitors making easily it to so the tiring main for road visitors enabling on game the drives and also becoming monotonous as visitors have to use the same route on return. Loops will be created midway eland truck through Mugunga to zebra truck and another one from Miriti valley via Rucherengye to Iborogota valley.

The Community Education Centre (CEC) exists with 12 rooms and bed capacity of 40 people. The thefacilities necessary at the equipmentcentre especially for conservation the kitchen, education. wooden decker There (beds) has been and an metallic increasing tables demand and chairs for accommodationare in poor condition. for low The budget existing tourists conference and students room athence a capacity need for of increase80 people in isbed small capacity. and lacks The buildings are still in good condition but only need re-painting and renovation on some roofs like the kitchen. There is also need for catering services to cater for visitors staying at the centre.

Page ( 56 ) - LMCA- GMP (2015-2025) Lake Mburo Conservation Area - General Management Plan (2015 - 2025) Fig 3: Tourism facilities Fig 3: Tourism

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Management actions. Tourism infrastructure: - structed at Katengyeto. UWA will work with tourism stakeholders especially Igongo cultural centre In order to open up the tourism hub on the western part of the park, an entry gate will be con- graded to UWA standards to give good impression to the visitors as they come to the park. Efforts to publicize the use of this gate. The existing gates of Sanga, Kanyinanshara and Nshara will be up drives. A new game drive vehicle will be procured to cater for walk in visitors who may not have vehicles.will be made to loop the tourism tracks to improve visitor experience as they carry out the game

UWA will work with CAA to identify a suitable location for the airstrip and a revenue collection point will be established at the airstrip. This will monitor the visitors who enter the park by air.

Observation platforms will be designed and constructed in Rubanga Forest, Miriiti, Warukiri and ManagementKyempitsi. The will Rubanga re-design trail and will re-equip be redesigned the CEC to accommodation move away from section the river. to cater for the increasing number of students, domestic tourists and low budget tourists. models and screens to facilitate the process of presentations. A new conference hall will be constructed at CEC and more equipment’s added such as projectors, - ing number of visitors. More dormitories will be constructed and capacity increased to 80 to cater forThe domestic existing conference tourists and hall students will be andconverted some ofand these expanded rooms to will a dining be upgraded hall to cater to self-contained. for the increas

Tourism facilities: - ageti on Mbarara Kampala high way. Management will negotiate with Nshara government ranch In order to further enhance visitor experience, an information centre will be constructed at Ak moreto obtain bandas userights and upgrade of land the for Buffalo the information tented camp centre. into Theself-contained Rwonyo area tents. will The be currentredesigned campsites into a tourism hub and the existing tourism facilities on the site will be improved. UWA will construct 10 kazuma lookout will be developed into a wilderness camp with attendant facilities. of Kingfisher and Mazinga will be expanded and upgraded with attendant facilities. In addition, andThe 10former new Rwonyoself-contained restaurant ones willthat bewill renovated be constructed to cater to for cater the for various budget tourism tourists. facilities In order that to have been proposed at the Rwonyo tourism hub. The current Rwonyo bandas will be demolished boats. improve water tourism, UWA will procure a new boat and expand the jetty to accommodate more UWA will concession out the construction and development of a tented camp of a 20 bed capacity at the former interpretation center. A trail will be created to link this lodge to the lake. Another

- luxury tented camp to be located at Mujwiguru of 20 bed capacity will be concessioned out. UWA establishedwill concession south the of construction Kigarama hill. and management of a five star hotel on Kigarama hills on the low er slopes. A nature trail will be established along Kigarama hill. An exclusive campsite will also be concessions so as to limit the activities of these concessions. In order to cater for the increasing UWA will use the specified area in the concession agreement to delineate Arcadia and Mantana number of tourists, Park management will expand the lakeside restaurant. Page ( 58 ) - LMCA- GMP (2015-2025) Lake Mburo Conservation Area - General Management Plan (2015 - 2025)

Summary table of actions Responsible Activity Others Time Cost (shs) person Construct tourism gate at Katengyeto Year 3 WT according to new designs BDM CAM, 300,000,000 Year WT Upgrade existing gates to match BDM 3-6 Kanyinanshara) CAM, the new designs (Nshara, Sanga, 1,500,000,000 Construct an Information centre at Karengo near Akageti on the Mbarara- WT Year 6 CAM Kampala high way BDM, 600,000,000 Divert the tracks from the valleys to WT CAM Year 1 the raised ground and maintain trucks Establish loops (after zoning)-eland 80,000,000 WT CAM Year 3

Establish a trail from the proposed 35,000,000 truck, zebra to research truck WT CAM Year 4 interpretation trail Rwonyo lodge to the lake (looped) – 37,000,000 WT CAM Year 2 for the park Redesign Rwonyo hill as a tourism hub Concession out the construction 60,000,000

lodge of 20 bed capacity with BDM Year 1 and management of a luxury tented Interpretation Centre CAM, WT 2,000,000 attendant facilities at Rwonyo Former WT Year 1 Kigarama and interpretation) AWF Establish tourism trails (Rubanga, CAM, 80,000,000

facilities – work with CAA to identify CAM Year 4 Re-open the airstrip with attendant Airwing suitable site for airstrip MME, 120,000,000 Year WT create privacy AWF 1-2 Redesign the Buffalo tented site to CAM,BDM, 20,000,000 Year WT contained tents CAM, 1-3 Upgrade the existing tents to self AWF Construct and equip additional 10 self BDM, Year WT CAM 105,000,000 contained tents to be managed by UWA 2-3 Construct the house for the attendant WT CAM Year 2 350,000,000 and store

20,000,000

Page ( 59 ) - LMCA- GMP (2015-2025) Lake Mburo Conservation Area - General Management Plan (2015 - 2025) restaurant building and restore the Year restaurantImprove/renovate and bar formerto cater Rwonyo for new WT BDM 2-3 CAM, 40,000,000 proposed facilities i.e Rwonyo bandas WT Year 1 locateand buffalo the bandas in proximity on the lower BDM - Redesign the Rwonyo bandas area and CAM, WT CAM Year 4 the sites Demolish existing bandas and restore Construct 10 self contained bandas 2,000,000 Year of 20 capacity in a circular way to be WT AWF 1-3 managed by UWA CAM, 400,000,000 Build a jetty that will accommodate WT CAM Year 2 more boats Delineate concessioned areas for 15,000,000 WT CAM Year 1 Mantana and Arcadia 250,000 WT CAM Year 3 restaurant at Mazinga Improve and expand Lakeside Procure a game drive vehicle CAM Year 2 60,000,000

Construct a VIC at Mazinga CAM MES, AWF Year 5 300,000,000

WT CAMWT, AWF Year 1 300,000,000 campsite with attendant facilities Redevelop and upgrade Kingfisher Improve signage WT Year 2 5,000,000 AWF Develop Kazuma look out into a CAM, 60,000,000 wilderness camp with attendant WT CAM Year 3 facilities 2,000,000 Concession the construction of WT CAM Year 1 (20 bed capacity) Mujwiguru hill for Luxury tented camp 2,000,000 Year WCC CEC to cater for low budget tourists AWF 2-3 Re design , renovate and re- equip the CAM, Construct and equip the conference Year 63,000,000 WCC CAM room at CEC 3-4 104,000,000 into a dining to cater for increasing WCC Year 3 Convert and expand the existing hall AWF number of visitors CAM, Construct dormitories for students (up Year 38,200,000 WCC to 80 beds) MME 3-4 CAM, Concession the construction and 294,000,000 management of a 5 star hotel of 100 WT Year 2 bed capacity with a conference facility BDM CAM, at Kigarama hill on the lower slopes 2,000,000

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WT Year 2 south of Kigarama hill AWF Concession out a luxury tented camp CAM, 2,000,000

establish terms and conditions to the WT CAM Year 2 - partnershipReview the horse riding concession to Design and construct appropriate WT Year 4 AWF CAM, observation platform in Rubanga 20,000,000 WT CAM Year 5 awayForest, from Miriiti, the Warukiri,river/swamp Kyempitsi Redesign the Rubanga trail to move 15,000,000 8.2 Tourism products and services

Output :

Issues andTourism Rationale. experience improved LMCA the main product that visitors engage in is game drive. The other products that visitors en- developed and are done on a limited scale. The night game drives started in 2013 but still lack the gage in are nature walks, boat rides, bird watching, night game drives. These products are not well necessary equipment and have not been well advertised. In addition, there are other products like Managementsport fishing, bicycle actions. safaris that can prolong the visitors stay if introduced. Management will popularize the night game drives through print and electronic media. Appropri- ate equipment will be acquired like night visual equipment nocturnal interpretation/ guide books and guides will be trained. The buses being proposed to be procured under World Bank will be advertised and popularized. Attractive and affordable packages will be developed to attract more domestic visitors.

- Sport fishing will be developed on Kigambira and Kazuma lakes and the necessary equipment will thebe procured. designated Staff tourism training zones. on sportTraining fishing of staff will onalso bird be watchingdone. In partnership will be done with and tourism the necessary stake equipmentholders, bicycle to support safaris the will product be introduced will be procured.as a new product and bicycle trails will be developed in

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Summary table of actions Responsible Activity Other Time Cost (shs) person Popularize night game drives and WT CAM Year 1 - 5 acquire appropriate equipment Year 1 27,000,000 WT CAM onwards Develop sport fishing on lakes Introduce bicycle safaris in the park 28,500,000 Kigambira, Kazuma WT Year 1 CAM, (need more information), partner with Rwakobo 16,500,000 RwakoboPopularize Rock bird and watching any other in the partner PA WT CAMRock Year 2 WT CAM Year 3 9,000,000 circuit Establish L. Mburo-Rubanga forest 12,000,000 8.3 Marketing

Output: LMNP promoted locally and internationally to increase the number of visitors by 5% annually

Issues and Rationale.

Although tourism in LMCA has been increasing in the previous years, it has not yet reached the maximum levels. The park still has potential to increase tourism and revenues. Currently LMCA is among PAs that meet all its operational costs with some surplus and this is expected to increase in the next 10 years.

Visitation

Figure 4: Trend of annual visitation of LMCA since 2001 Source: LMCA visitor records

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Kigarama Hill. This will be one way of increasing tourism in the park. OneThe parkof the has challenges been proposed in LMNP for is Meetings, inadequate Incentives, marketing. Conferences LMCA has andbeen Events participating (MICE) inwith marketing a hotel at of its

programs. products but this is still inadequate. Locally, talk shows are run on the local radio station and TV

Fig 5: Domestic and foreign visitor trends

Guidebooks and brochures are also used for advertising the products but these are not well elabo- rate and updated. LMNP is included on the UWA website but the information is rarely updated. Al- though LMNP is included in the UWA general tariff, the information is generalized for all the parks and does not specifically detail LMCA. - bitions and agriculture trade shows are part of the avenues that are used in advertising. UWA en- teredLocal intoexhibitions a partnership are used with to Igongomarket cultural the protected centre areato advertise domestically. LMNP. InA stalladdition, was markedregional where exhi UWA is supposed to put advertising material. However it has not been fully utilized because of lack of enough advertising materials.

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Revenue trends

Revenue trends for the last six years have shown positive growth trends registering the highest growth in 2013/2014. Fig 7 shows revenue trends over the last six years

Revenue

Fig 6: Revenue trends over the last six years

Management actions. UWA will improve on advertisement and provide information on the various attractions within LMNP. There will be increased domestic tourism advertising through local radio talk show and TV shows. Deliberate efforts will be made to develop MOUs with the media to advertise the park so contain information about the park. A tourist map indicating trails/tracks with proper signage will beas toproduced. improve domestic tourism. In addition, guidebooks and brochures will be updated and will

Bushenyi and Mbarara – Ibanda high ways to create awareness on the main roads about LMCA. InterpretativeAdvertising bill themes boards and will panels be installedwill also be along developed Lyantonda to act – as Mbarara attractions - Ntungamo, and put at Mbararathe visitor – centre to advertise LMNP to the entire public.

centerUWA will to marketadvertise LMNP. on social A link network will be created e.g face on book, UWA twitter website and between update Igongothe organisation and other website.tourism institutions/stakeholders.To improve on stakeholder tourism relationship, UWA will work with partners like Igongo cultural

UWA will ensure production of quality and better resale items of different items depicting LMNP the visitor Centre. and use them as adverts in places like Igongo cultural, information offices, gate entry points and

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stakeholdersUWA will attend and both tour locally operators organized in marketing trade shows of the andpark. international exhibitions to advertise and market LMNP. In addition, the organization also will continuously work with tourism partners, Summary of action table Responsible Activity Other Time Cost (shs) person Conduct domestic campaign Year 1 WT AWF onwards musicians CAM, WCC, Developthrough radioan MoU programs, with print Tvs, and using 177,160,000 Year 1 MM onwards - advertise LMNP electronic media to specifically CAM, WT Update LMCA guide book MM Year 1-2 WT - CAM, AWF, Year Update the brochures WT AWF - Hire advertising space on billboard CAM, WCC, (electronic) in Mbarara town 1,3,6,9 and sign posts along Lyantonde- WT Year 1

CAM, AWF 80,000,000 Mbarara-Ntungamo, Mbarara- Year 1 WT Bushenyi, Mbarara-Ibanda AWF onwards Participate in exhibitions both CAM, WCC, Website Year 1 147,200,000 otherlocal, nationalinstitutions/partners and international and onwards - UWACreate website a link between Igongo, and CAM, WCC Continuously update the LMNP executive Year 1 WT information on UWA website MM onwards - CAM, WCC, Advertise LMNP on social Year 1 CAM onwards - Youtube Advertisenetworks e.gthe facebook, park on the twitter, UWA WT, WCC space in the Igongo Cultural Year 1 WT onwards - guidebooks etc) CAM, Producecentreby aproviding tourist map resale with items, trails Year 1 and tracks well indicated and with WT onwards proper signage CAM, AWF 10,000,000 Year 1 out- make an insertion in the UWA WT Pull out tariff for LMNP and flush it AWF onwards tariff CAM, WCC, 50,000,000 Develop interpretive themes and Year 1 WT artifacts for the visitor centre onwards PartnersCAM, Develop interpretive panels along WCC, AWF, Year 1 1,130,000 WT the tourism trails and tracks AWF onwards CAM, WCC, 20,000,000

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8.4 Community tourism/cultural groups Output :

Issues andCommunity Rationale. benefits from eco tourism increased Community tourism Initiatives. - brella tourism association called Lake Mburo Conservation Area Community Tourism Association (LMCCTA).Currently, there Some are of 12these community members tourism have had groups a training that have conducted united together by UCOTA and covering formed oneareas um of tourism development, marketing and management. The groups are composed of dance and drama groups, women group involved in handcraft making, bee keeping groups and campsite/cultural institution owners. This association has identified partners to work with i.e LMNP, Igongo cultural ThereInstitute, has AWF been and less UCOTA. interest in craft making in the communities around the park. Crafts that were - terest to tap into the tourism market in the park. being made were for personal use and not client oriented. Of recent, these groups have shown in The groups are currently involved in activities such as entertaining guests through dance and dra-

- tion.ma, provision of accommodation at community campsites, community lodges and to a small scale in sale of handcrafts. However, these are not yet up to standard in terms of quality and coordina Ankole Cow Conservation Association (ACCA) The Ankole Cow Conservation Association (ACCA) was formed in 2007 with a membership of about 60 individuals supported by Fauna and Flora International (FFI). The Association has a constitu-

General Assembly as stipulated in the constitution. The major objective of ACCA is to preserve the Ankoletion in placecow and and its steered association by a 9-person with wildlife executive for future committee generations. elected The after Association every three has years developed by the to manage the cultural centre within LMNP. The MoU is signed to be implemented within 2 years witha five-year a provision strategic of being plan andreviewed has entered after the into 2 years.a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with UWA

enyemebwa (An- kole cow herd) managed in the Government ranch neighboring LMNP. ThisCurrently, was reached ACCA is after engaged a social in negotiation economic environmental with MAAIF to impactdevelop assessment an MoU to havewas done and recommendations made.

Management Actions UWA management will work with stakeholders interested in eco-tourism in developing communi- - ty tourism programs. In addition, support in tourism product and service development will be ren interpretationdered. The community and quality tourism products. groups Support will be will identified also be givenand linked in the to area other of marketing partners like their UCOTA, products.AWF in training programs to ensure standard for visitors are met in the fields of service provision,

UWA will offer technical support to the community tourism groups to establish community tour- products and services to the visitors. ism centres in areas around Nshara, Sanga and Katengyeto gates in order to ease access of their

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A cultural centre will be established within the park as provided for under the MoU between UWA and ACCA and guidelines on its management developed.

Management will support ACCA to develop the existing concept into a tourism product package and market the product through various channels such as brochures, flyers, banners, radio, TVs, newspapers and leaflets. -

ACCA and her activities will be publicized at local, national and international levels through differ Guidelinesent fora in orderfor the to management secure political, of the social cultural and economiccentre at Nshara support will from be the developed different and partners. the cultural tourism product integrated into the general Lake Mburo Conservation Area tourism offer.

Management will work closely with NEMA to carry out annual environmental audits on the approved EIA for the CVC project in LMCA

Summary table of actions Responsible Activity Other Time cost (shs) person Identify and train community groups in Year 1 WCC ecotourism enterprises AWF onwards CAM, WT, 56,000,000 Support the community to establish a WCC Year 1-2 community tourism centre AWF WT, CAM, 1,400,000 Support communities to improve WCC Year 1-2 tourism products and services AWF CAM, WCC, 1,400,000 Support community groups to market Year 1 WCC onwards crafts groups UCOTACAM, their products e.g dance and drama, WT, AWF, 1,400,000 Develop an MoU between UWA and ACCA for establishment of a cultural WCC Year 1 centre within the park CAM, ACCA, 1,500,000 DDC,FFI

WT Year 2 concept into a tourism product CAM, - Support ACCA to develop the existing WCCACCA, DDC,FFI, Develop mechanisms for management WCC Year 1-2 of cultural centre at Nshara CAM, Ensure that Environmental audit on the ACCA, 1,500,000 approved EIA for CVC project in LMCA is DDC,FFI Year 1 carried out CAM, WRM ACCA, 750,000 DDC,FFI

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8.5 Financial Analysis 8.5.1 Cost estimates for plan implementation investmentAnalysis of financialphase of thisimplication plan where of implementing most implementation this plan of was capital undertaken items will where be undertaken. all the activity The activitiescosting on that annual will bebasis implemented was done. Furtherin the last analysis years of showed the plan that are the those first of five routine years nature will form like lawthe enforcement patrols, with very limited capital investments hence the low costs towards the end of plan implementation. Fig……….. summarizes expenditure over the ten years in graphical form.

Fig 7: Cost estimates of activity implementation over the ten years

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8.5.2 Revenue Projections and scenario analysis

Revenue projections were based on the trends for five years. Revenues generated by the park as a result of mainly tourism arrivals from financial year 2008/9 to 2013/4 were analyzed and an average annual growth determined. From the analysis, there was a big variance, exhibiting high fluctuations. Although the average annual growth for the last six years was 31% and in light of the fluctuations noted, the team adopted a moderate growth rate of 20% for revenue projection.

Fig 8. Revenue Projection

Further analysis was undertaken where the cost estimates were combined with the revenue projections. From the graph below the park will break even in the fifth year of plan implementation

Fig 9: Combined cost estimate and revenue projection.

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9.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK

The Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Lake Mburo National Park GMP is clearly stipulated supposed to work by laying out the components of the initiative and the order or the steps needed to guide monitoring and evaluation of the programs in the GMP. It explains how the programs are to achieve the desired results. It is also meant to stimulate the understanding of the programs’ goals, outputs and planned activities. -

Within the framework each program has a log frame, Monitoring and Evaluation Plan, and indi cator tracking table. The Log frame articulates the program goal, outcomes, outputs, indicators,- means of verifications and assumptions. It defines relationships among inputs, activities, outputs, collectionoutcomes andmethods impacts and and when clarifies and how the informationrelationship from between the programs program activitiesshall be tracked. and external And then fac thetors. indicator The Monitoring tracking Plan table shall has actthe as baseline a monitoring information tool which that shall defines be theused indicators, to obtain explaininformation data which will act as a basis for assessing the impact of each program. It also includes the detailed activity implementation schedule during the ten year period.

9.1 General Management Implementation process The GMP will be implemented within ten Financial years thus in order to guide the annual imple-

The work plans shall be written using a standard format and shall have a budget for a particular mentation process, the PA will be required to prepare operational work plans on an annual basis. schedule.year. Staff while developing the annual operations plan, will use the indicator tracking table to extract the activities to be implemented in a particular year as laid in the ten year implementation 9.2 Monitoring processing of data relating to the management programs in order to establish the progress of interventions.Generally, This monitoring process as will prescribed be done for in thisall management General Management programs Plan and is at a all systematic levels involving collection all staff and with feedback given during coordination meetings. Among the tools to be used include indicators which are yardsticks that will help to assess the extent to which the planned program activities, targetsoutputs, set outcomes as objectives and goals and outputshave been planned achieved. during There the will period. be a systematic collection and analysis of information that will aim at improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the PA basing on the Staff quarterly meetings to enable them share and keep track of progress shall be held in the PA. monitoring the performance of Park programs. The audit department will conduct annual internal Also monthly, quarterly and Annual reports shall be written and submitted as one of the tools for

9.3audits toReporting assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the Park funds and resources. well to keep truck of whatever is going on in the different programs. These reports on program implementationSpecific monthly, will quarterly be shared and amongannual themonitoring PA and Headquarterreports will thenstaff. be Other written types and of discussedreports that as - ulated in the organizational reporting standards and guidelines book. will be required throughout the implementation period, writing formats and tools shall be as stip

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9.4 GMP Evaluation Evaluations will form part of the implementation and monitoring processes. These will help to determine the overall effects or outcomes of the Park purpose in relation to program objectives. This forwill improvement indicate whether along the with various a set of program lessons objectiveslearnt. were met, and also, demonstrate program Botheffectiveness, Mid and efficiency,end of GMP understand evaluations the will impact be conducted. of program The changes midterm and includewill be donerecommendations internally by staff getting technical support from the M&E Unit in the fifth year of GMP implementation. An external consultant will be hired to lead the process of the final evaluation during the tenth year of implementation. Results/ findings and recommendations from both types of evaluation shall be used to improve the proceeding planning, implementation and monitoring processes.

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REFERENCES

Byaruhanga. A. Kasoma, P. Pomeroy, D (2001). Important Bird Areas in Uganda. Lake Mburo National Park Management Plan. African Wildlife Foundation. Lake East Africa Nature History Society, Kampala Mburo National Park Planning Project. Breyer, 1993, as in Muhweezi, A.B (1994).

Parks, and People - Conservation and Livelihoods at the Cross Roads. Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992: Four Case Histories. Kamugisha, J.R. Ogutu, Z.A. and Stahl, H (1997). Regional Soil Conservation Unit/SIDA. Technical Report No. 17. Published by SIDA’s Regional Soil Lake Mburo National Park Management Plan. African Wildlife Conservation Unit, RSCU, 1997. Foundation. Lake Mburo National Park Planning Project. Kasoma and Pomeroy, 1993, cited in Muhweezi, A.B (1994). Langdale-Brown, I. Osmaston, H. and Wilson, J.G (1964). The Vegetation of Uganda and its Bearing on Land-use. Entebbe: Uganda Government Printer. Local Government Act (1997) Socio-Economic survey of communities in the Buffer Zone of Lake Mburo National Park Marquardt, M. Infield, M. and Namara, A (1994). . “The Influence of the Lake Mburo Community Conservation Project (LMCCP) on farmers . MISR & LMCCP. and pastoralists Namara, A. and Infield, M (1998) National Environment Management Statute No. 4 of 1995 ”. AWF, Kampala, Uganda.

Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, 1971: Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) : Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA): Revenue Sharing guidelines 2013 Strategic Plan, 2013-2018 Uganda Wildlife Statute No. 14 of 1996 UWA, 2014: Approved budget estimates for the financial year 2014/2015 Uganda National Planning Authority 2013: Vision 2040

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Picture: Eland

Eland and Impala

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Appendix 1: PLANNING TEAM MEMBERS

1. 2. 3. Mr. Buhanga Edgar, Senior Planning and EIA Coordinator 4. Mr. Tusubira Justus, Conservation Area Manager 5. Ms. Namuli Susan, Monitoring & Evaluation Manager 6. Ms. Namara Justine, Senior Planning and EIA Officer 7. Ms. Nakayenze Christine Lynn, Tourism Warden 8. Mr. Bwire Isaiah, Community Conservation Warden 9. Mr. Mbagaya Robert, Law Enforcement Warden 10. Mr. Murinda Michael, Monitoring and Research Ranger 11. Mr. Kaijutsya Robert, Igongo Cultural Centre 12. Ms. Namara Deborah, District Environment Officer, Kiruhura 13. Mr. Mwesigye Joseph, District Environment Officer, Isingiro 14. Mr. Musingwire Jeconious, District Natural Resources Officer, Mbarara Mr. Malingi Sam, Chairperson, Nshara Wildlife Associations, Nshara block, Kiruhura Mr. Charles Atuhe, Africa Wildlife Foundation

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Appendix 2: List of stakeholders

ISINGIRO DISTRICT STAKEHOLDERS # NAME DESIGNATION/TITLE CONTACT/ADDRESS 1 Muhwezi Stephen NCCI-Nakivale Nakivale 2 Ssemuju wahab VO/SNO Masha S/C 3 Byaruhanga Athur S/C/C Masha S/C 4 Natukwatsa Emmy ASP Kabingo S/C 5 Mpairwe Nazarus CDO Kabingo s/c 6 Byomuhangi O C/P Akabirakengeya 7 Bwerere Enock Former CPI 8 Bigirwa Patreo Production Kabingo s/c 9 KagandikA Josia CPI Rwentango/Masha 10 Byaruhanga Annah Masha 11 Mubangizi Pauson Rushasha s/c 12 Basajja Mustapha Ass.Former Envt CPI Officer 13 Kamugisha Valeriano Ass.EnvtFormer CPI Officer RushashaMasha 14 Natukunda Enos CDO Rugaaga s/c 15 Tumwesigye Milton LC3 C/P Masha 16 LC1 C/P RushashaKogogo 17 LC1 Kyarugaju IsingiroRwamashaka Sub Counties Yosum Meeting 1 BukenyaIshenkima Denial Alex LC3 C/P Kabingo s/c 2 Byaruhanga Ignatius District C/P Insingiro 3 Kaawa Mugisha GISO Kabingo s/c 4 Twinomugisha Samuel S/C/C 5 Matsiko Vincent Masha 6 Ssebulirwa Nasur GISO RushashaMasha s/c 7 Ainembabazi Ann DistrictS/C/C commercial officer Kabingo s/c 8 Tumushabe Charles Chairman 9 Tukamuhabwa Bashir 10 Ahimbisibwe JB District V/C/P RwentangoIsingiro 11 Twinomujuni Elly HeadSec. for of educationfinance & CD RushahshaIsingiro s/c Mbarara Subcounties Meeting 1 Akandwanaho Loy Biharwe s/c 2 Mwesigwa Charles Manager 3 Kahangi Benon AgricNAADs Officer Coordinator (AASP) Biharwe S/C 4 Mwesigye Patrick GISO RwenjeruKanyaryeru campsite s/c 5 Begumisa Myers V/C/Person LCIII Biharwe s/c 6 Lt. Byomugisha Nickson GISO Biharwe s/c 7 Mwesigye Nathan Former CPI Kanyaryeru s/c 8 Bagatuzayo Wilson CPI-Treasurer 9 Bashaija Gordon C/P LC1 Akaku 10 Ninsima Jesca CDO Biharwe 11 David Muhumuza C/P LC1 Katengyeto 12 Biharwe 13 V/C/P 14 Rukundo Simwa AnimalSEC.Production Health Officer Katengyeto 15 RunyaburanaNuwamanya Bright Edward For. S/C Chief RwehongyeraKanyarweru s/c 16 BwerereTibasimwa Robert Edward C/P LC1 Mpanga 7 cell 17 Nabimanya Abel CPI Biharwe 18 Bundende Edward LCII C/P Akayanja parish 19 Karungi Moses C/P LC1 20 Muhanguzi James C/P LC 1 21 Turyahabwe Nathan C/P LC3 RushororoKanyaryeru cell s/c Rwamuranda

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22 C/P LC1 Bumaranjara 23 Asiimwe Maureen CDO Kanyaryeru 24 RuteeraMuhangi David Nelson S/C Chief Biharwe Kiruhura Sub-counties Meeting 1 Mbwebwe Phenny C/P LC1 Nyakahita cell 2 Kikashemera Benon C/P LC3 Nyakahita 3 Atukunda Edith Nyakasharara 4 Luke Katungi CDO Nyakashara 5 Shibah Ntugire PRODS/C CHIEF & ENVT OFFICER Nyakashara 6 Tibaingana Moses SCDO Sanga TC 7 Katondo John C/P.LC1 8 Musiime Charles C/P LC1 Byembogo cell 9 Tumuhairwe Stephen Wildlife Publicity RwitsiruNshara Block cell 10 Twinobusingye Jovanice Town Clerk Sanga Town Council 11 Kanatukunda Dorcus D/councilor Nshara block 12 Kasheija Godfrey Birundumi P/S 13 Safari Mugyenyi C/P LC 3 Sanga TC 14 Tayebwa Kwisoma Sanga s/c 15 Mugume Donald C/P ACCA Sanga 16 Acwamu Peter FORS/C/C C/P LC3 Sanga s/c 17 Bagwangi David LC1 S/C Kigarama- sanga 18 Khira Stephen Kanyaanya/Kikatsi 19 Mwesigye Emmy Councilor Nkongoro Ward 20 Asiimwe Emmanuel GISO Nyakashashara 21 Asiimwe Enos GISO Sanga TC 22 Mwesigwa Wilber GISO Sanga s/c 23 Councilor Sanga TC 24 Sempebwa Januario C/P LC1 Kakagate DistrictRwehonda Meeting Ephraim For Mbarara/Isingiro Districts 1 Arinda Moses Isingiro district 2 Kasagara Edward DCAO Isingiro 3 Denis Kamukama AASP-crop District Prod Officer Igongo Cultural Centre 4 Muhangi Asaph Sec. Prodn & Marketing Mbarara DLG 5 Gershom Matsiko Rep. Managing Director Mbarara 6 Asiimwe Kyefura DISO Isingiro 7 Mpora Vincent Exec.AG. DCDO Director Mbarara CSO isingiro 8 Arianatwe Patrick Isingiro 9 Kobusingye Babra DCCO Isingiro 10 Bwengye Emmanuel Wetlands Officer Isingiro 11 Ahabwe Irene COBWEB rep. Isingiro 12 DFO-FORESTRY Mbarara 13 Twijukye Arthur Manager Biharwe Trust SACCO 14 MusotaBomeera Richard Fabian Senior water officer Isingiro 15 DOTO Mbarara 16 Tumusiime Deus RDCDistrict C/P Mbarara DLG 17 Col.Sp Muheirwe Fred Rugadya K DPC Isingiro 18 Byamukama Alfred For CAO Mbarara 19 Tumwebaze Herbert Mbarara 20 Mushemeza Edward Isingiro 21 Kabatereine Patrick Envt Officer Mbarara 22 Abbey Nantale For Fisheries Officer Mbarara 23 RadioTV/West west/NV Mbarara Kiruhura District Meeting Radio west 1 EvansRam Edwin Black N Kiruhura district 2 Keijwara Fredrick Kiruhura 3 Nkwasibwe James NROV/C/P Kiruhura Fisheries officer

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4 Kiruhura DLG 5 Tukahirwa Marion CAO Kiruhura DLG 6 KatembaTayebwa KwisomaReuben Dep.RDCFor C/P Nyakisa 7 Mugisha Katugunda LC 5 Kiruhura 8 Musinguzi Enock CAO Kiruhura 9 Peter Hangamisho DISO Kiruhura 11 Director Muhingo Lodge Mihingo lodge 12 Managing Director 12 RalphKadokech Schenk Jude Manager Mburo safaris 13 ChristopherJulius Akanyijuka Roberts Manager RwakoboEagles nest Rock Resource Users Meeting 1 Mugisha Joseph 2 Katungi Lawrence C/P LC1 Member Rwabarata Rwabarata Drumer Actors 3 Mugyenyi Annet Farmer Rwamuhuku 4 Shallot Ahimbisibwe V/C/P Rwamuhuku 5 Hajalah Kakoragye Sec AWG Abarihamwe group Rwamuhuku craft 6 Annet Mugyenyi Treasurer & Craft Rwamuhuku Women Art 7 Agnes Katungi V/C/P group 8 Twinomujuni C C/P Abarihamwe Women’s 9 Mirembe Justus Manager Rubare BMU 10 Ninsiima Agatha Member Rwabarata DM 11 Masereka Elijah Data site clerk Rwabarata DN 12 Tusingwire Milton General secretary Rubare fishing community 13 Acima Gift Secretary group BMU Rubare Rwamuhuku community 14 Linnet Geriga C/P Association 15 Katsigaire Siraje Rwamuhuku community 16 Kikuna V/C/Abarisa Rwokiporwa Rwakiporwa 17 Kabamba C/P/Abarisa Rwamuhuku 18 Kajura Isah V/C/P Rwamuhuku 19 Twijukye Bushir Monitoring Rwakiparwa 20 Babwetera Johnmary C/P Sozi group Rwakiparwa 21 Kasumba Joseph V/C/P Sozi group 22 Kyobuhingi Generous C/P 23 Doroth Muhimbura Bee Keeper Beekeeper RWACA 24 C/P Beekeeper 25 Mwesigye Grace C/P Tubagye Alex Rwabarata DA

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CATEGORY ISSUE SOLUTION Community  Problem animals destroying crops and killing  Increasing Conservation people and livestock especially bushbucks and revenue sharing hyenas  Compensation  slow response to reported cases of problem  Collective animals responsibility  Problem animals and their impacts on among communities stakeholders  Individuals directly affected by problem  Reduce zebra animals not directly helped as individuals population on  Wildlife on private land especially zebras private land (compete for water, pasture)  Develop short  Limited intervention in management of term and long wildlife on private land term intervention  Lack of compensation for loss of property and  Habitat lives manipulation  Lack of compensations for persons injured by  Sensitization problem animal  Identify cattle  Vermin keepers around  Problems from the park affecting the the park and their communities go beyond the adjacent parishes land parcels  Crop damages as result of Problem Animals  Advise on stocking  Poor facilities and structure at CEC densities  low visitation of neighboring schools groups add value to and communities due to high charges wildlife products  inadequate health facilities e.g wildlife meat  limited awareness on sport hunting by in hotels communities and other stakeholders  Park supporters  Low community support should be given  inadequate knowledge of park business by special communities inadequate awareness recognition people should sign  Inadequate information flow among – government sectors– for the work done  People should be  Inadequate awareness of conservation and lack of exposure given permission to access the raw  Inadequate coordination and collaboration between communities and park management materials  Park should work  Lack of capacity for established community institutions on their roles closely with leaders to  Inadequate collaboration between the park minimize conflicts and community leaders that brings conflicts  Sensitization  limited benefits to local governments  Marketing, 98

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 People around the park not being given first training preference when employment opportunities  Open more fishing are available in other lakes  Lack of employment for communities  Sensitize on self neighbouring the park reliance 1. Communities adjacent to the park not  Open up the benefiting from the employment opportunities benefits to other in the park communities 2. No alternating of fishing licenses on Lake  Sensitization Mburo through drama  Few sport hunters  Apprehend the  Shortage of water in the communities poachers  Lack of markets for the crafts  Provide  People who support the park are not employment appreciated  People should  Lack of raw materials for crafts e.g papyrus, keep few animals medicine, ropes, etc  Park should  Lack of markets support  Inadequate training on craft making community  No sites for displaying the crafts tourism groups  limited resource use especially fishing in the from revenue lakes and wetlands within the park sharing  Having same people to benefit from the park  Build community e.g fishing tourism centre  lack of water within the communities  Park should  Low benefits to the community contribute to  Inadequate income generating activities  Over-dependency on the park farms resources/revenue  Compfencingensation people’s for  Illegal grazing damaged/destroy  ed property  Limited access to park resources e.g firewood,  Develop MoUs water,People don’t benefit from tourism  Identify areas for  Beekeeping need area for beekeeping the groups to construct tourism  abuse of revenue sharing funds accommodation  Inadequate understanding/dissemination– of RS guidelines facilities  Translocate lions  Lack of understanding of revenue sharing guidelines to the zoo.

 Lack of transparency of revenue sharing projects  Low revenue sharing percentage  Lack of transparency in RS disbursement in

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Controversial park boundaries Too much hunting of eland

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 Lack of harmonization of different plans (park plans and Rwizi catchment)  Deterioration of water quality (degradation of catchment areas) and water hyacinth infestation  Changing vegetation in the park  Use of sprays that may have negative consequences  Wildlife disease transmission to livestock  disease transmission e.g brucella, anthrax, typhoid  wildfires People do not understand why you burn the park – Park  Poor/inadequate coordination and  Regular security Operations information sharing especially on security meetings  Poor roads (access and within the park) which  Park should work hinder transport and comfortability with other  Lack of public road connecting Isingiro and security organs to Kiruhura through LMNP ensure security  Corruption within the park revenue leakages  Outposts should at the gates be close to the  Lack of airstrip – communities  Poor communication network (radios, (bringing services telephone) close to the  Inadequate transport, communication people)  Insecurity created by people entering the park  Park work with  No access road through Rwisiru-Rurambira district to work on  Poor park infrastructure the roads  Very slow implementation of CVC Project  Construct more (Ankole Cow Conservation) houses  Threat to Ankole Cow which is central to the culture of the people surrounding the park  Limited coordination between security organs in isingiro and the Park  Security for the tourists  Inadequate outposts/outposts far from people  Few houses in Rubare fishing village

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