Securing Protected Area Integrity and Rural People's Livelihoods: Lessons for Twelve Years of the Kibale and Semliki Conservation and Development Project
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IUCN Eastern Africa Programme Forest and Social Perspectives in Conservation No. 11 Securing Protected Area Integrity and Rural People’s Livelihoods: Lessons from Twelve Years of the Kibale and Semliki Conservation and Development Project Edited by: Purna B. Chhetri, Edmund G.C.Barrow and Alex Muhweezi February 2004 IUCN - Eastern African Regional Office Publications on Forest and Social Perspectives in Conservation 1. Nurse, M. & Kabamba, J., 2000, Defining Institutions for Collaborative Mangrove Management: A Case Study from Tanga, Tanzania 2. Barrow, E., Gichohi, H. & Infield, M., 2000, Summary and Key Lessons from a Comparative Review and Analysis of Community Conservation in East Africa 3. Bakema, R. & Iyango, L., 2000, Engaging Local Users in the Management of Wetland Resources: The Case of the National Wetlands Programme, Uganda 4. Hinchley, D., Turyomurugyendo, L. & Stonewall, K., 2000, Review of Collaborative Management Arrangements for Mt. Elgon National Park 5. Matiru, V., Revised by, 2000, Forest Cover and Forest Reserves in Kenya: Policy and Practice 6. IUCN, 2000, Regional Workshop on Community Involvement in Forest Management in Eastern and Southern Africa, June 2000, Kampala, Uganda 7. Alden Wily, L. and S. Mbaya (2001): Land, People and Forests in Eastern and Southern Africa at the beginning of the 21st century. The impact of land relations on the role of communities in forest future. Nairobi, IUCN-EARO. 8. Mogaka, H., Gacheke, S., Turpie, J., Emerton, L., Karanja, F., 2001; Economic Aspects of Community Involvement in Sustainable Forest Management in Eastern and Southern Africa. 9. Edmund Barrow, Jeanette Clarke, Isla Grundy, Kamugisha-Ruhombe Jones and Yemmeserach Tessema (2002): Analysis of Stakeholder Power and Responsibilties in Community Involvement in Forest Management in Eastern and Southern Africa. 10. Fred Kigenyi, Peter Gondo and John Mugabe (2002): Practice Before Policy: An Analysis of Policy and Institutional Changes Enabling Community Involvement in Forest Management in Eastern and Southern Africa. 11. Purna B. Chetri, Edmund G. C. Barrow and Alex Muhweezi (2004): Securing Protected Area Integrity and Rural People's Livelihoods: Lessons for Twelve Years of the Kibale and Semliki Conservation and Development Project. Securing Protected Area Integrity and Rural People’s Livelihoods: Lessons from Twelve Years of the Kibale and Semliki Conservation and Development Project Edited by: Purna B. Chhetri1, Edmund G. C. Barrow2 and Alex Muhweezi3 February 2004 The findings, interpretations and conclusions in this publication are those of the authors and editors, and do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN-The World Conservation Union, the Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA), or the Government of Uganda. 1 Chief Technical Adviser March 1999 to January 2003. Currently at No.7a, Gregory's road, Colombo 07, Sri Lanka, email [email protected] 2 Coordinator, Forest Conservation and Social Policy, IUCN-The World Conservation Union Eastern Africa Regional Office, P.O.Box 68200, Nairobi Kenya; email [email protected] 3 Uganda Country Representative IUCN, P.O.Box 10950, Kampala, Uganda; email [email protected] i Reproduction of material in this volume for educational and other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior permission from the copyright holder. Reproduction of material in this volume for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior permission of the copyright holder. Copyright: © 2004. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources The views expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN-The World Conservation Union, the Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA), or the Government of Uganda. Citation: Editors: Purna B. C., Edmund G. C. Barrow and Alex Muhweezi. Securing Protected Area Integrity and Rural People’s Livelihoods: Lessons for Twelve Years of the Kibale and Semliki Conservation and Development Project. xii + 156pp. ISBN: 2-8317-0781-1 1. Road through Kibale National Park 1 2 2. View of Kibale National Park and its Cover photo: Important Forest 3 4 3. Construction of trench in Nyabweya village 4. Viewing platform in Kibale National Park (Cover and all inside photos by Purna B. Chetri) Design & Layout by: Gordon O. Arara Printed by: LabaGraphics Services Available from: IUCN Eastern Africa Regional Office P.O. Box 68200 - 00200, Nairobi, KENYA Tel: ++ 254 20 890 605 - 12 Fax: ++ 254 20 890 615/407 Email: [email protected] The text is printed on Diamond Art Paper, made from sugarcane waste, recycled paper and totally chlorine free pulp. ii Table of Contents List of Acronyms vii Acknowledgements..................................................................................................viii Preface .......................................................................................................................ix Author and Editor Details...........................................................................................x Foreword....................................................................................................................xi Executive Summary .................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1: Kibale and Semliki Areas of Western Uganda – The Area, The People and The Protected Areas ................................ 18 1.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................18 1.2 The Project Area of Kibale and Semliki Conservation and Development Project (KSCDP) ......................................................................................20 1.3 Kibale and Semuliki National Parks................................................................................24 Chapter 2: Overview of Kibale Semliki Conservation and Development Project .. 26 2.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................26 2.2 Phase One (September 1988 – September 1990) .........................................................26 2.3 Phase Two (January 1993 – June 1998)..........................................................................26 2.4 Phase Three .........................................................................................................................27 Chapter 3: Improvement of Protected Area Integrity ............................................ 33 3.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................33 3.2 Strategies adopted to address the conflicts ....................................................................33 3.3 KSCDP, KNP and Tourism.............................................................................................36 3.3 Impacts of KSCDP initiatives..........................................................................................40 3.4 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................42 Chapter 4: Addressing Problem Animals............................................................... 43 4.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................43 4.2 Uganda Wildlife Authority Strategy ................................................................................43 4.3. KSCDP support..................................................................................................................44 4.4 Deterrent testing.................................................................................................................46 4.5 From Experiment to Action - An Example from Nyabweya parish.........................49 4.6 Challenges Facing Problem Animal Management........................................................52 4.7 Opportunities......................................................................................................................54 4.8 Lessons learned...................................................................................................................55 4.9 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................56 Chapter 5: Collaborative Resource Management for livelihood prosperity and biodiveristy conservation............................................. 58 5.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................58 5.2 Why Collaborative Resource Management Agreements in KNP? ............................58 5.3 The Process .........................................................................................................................61 5.4 Progress to date...................................................................................................................65 5.5 Impacts of CRM and Lessons Learnt.............................................................................67 5.6 The Future ...........................................................................................................................69 iii Chapter 6: Conservation Education around Kibale National Park - A Comparative Assessment of the Methods Used by KSCDP...................................... 71 6.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................71