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Richard Russell, the Senate Armed Services Committee & Oversight of America’S Defense, 1955-1968
BALANCING CONSENSUS, CONSENT, AND COMPETENCE: RICHARD RUSSELL, THE SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE & OVERSIGHT OF AMERICA’S DEFENSE, 1955-1968 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Joshua E. Klimas, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2007 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor David Stebenne, Advisor Professor John Guilmartin Advisor Professor James Bartholomew History Graduate Program ABSTRACT This study examines Congress’s role in defense policy-making between 1955 and 1968, with particular focus on the Senate Armed Services Committee (SASC), its most prominent and influential members, and the evolving defense authorization process. The consensus view holds that, between World War II and the drawdown of the Vietnam War, the defense oversight committees showed acute deference to Defense Department legislative and budget requests. At the same time, they enforced closed oversight procedures that effectively blocked less “pro-defense” members from influencing the policy-making process. Although true at an aggregate level, this understanding is incomplete. It ignores the significant evolution to Armed Services Committee oversight practices that began in the latter half of 1950s, and it fails to adequately explore the motivations of the few members who decisively shaped the process. SASC chairman Richard Russell (D-GA) dominated Senate deliberations on defense policy. Relying only on input from a few key colleagues – particularly his protégé and eventual successor, John Stennis (D-MS) – Russell for the better part of two decades decided almost in isolation how the Senate would act to oversee the nation’s defense. -
University Microfilms International 300 N
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Military Guide to Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century
US Army TRADOC TRADOC G2 Handbook No. 1 AA MilitaryMilitary GuideGuide toto TerrorismTerrorism in the Twenty-First Century US Army Training and Doctrine Command TRADOC G2 TRADOC Intelligence Support Activity - Threats Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 15 August 2007 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited. 1 Summary of Change U.S. Army TRADOC G2 Handbook No. 1 (Version 5.0) A Military Guide to Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century Specifically, this handbook dated 15 August 2007 • Provides an information update since the DCSINT Handbook No. 1, A Military Guide to Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century, publication dated 10 August 2006 (Version 4.0). • References the U.S. Department of State, Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, Country Reports on Terrorism 2006 dated April 2007. • References the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC), Reports on Terrorist Incidents - 2006, dated 30 April 2007. • Deletes Appendix A, Terrorist Threat to Combatant Commands. By country assessments are available in U.S. Department of State, Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, Country Reports on Terrorism 2006 dated April 2007. • Deletes Appendix C, Terrorist Operations and Tactics. These topics are covered in chapter 4 of the 2007 handbook. Emerging patterns and trends are addressed in chapter 5 of the 2007 handbook. • Deletes Appendix F, Weapons of Mass Destruction. See TRADOC G2 Handbook No.1.04. • Refers to updated 2007 Supplemental TRADOC G2 Handbook No.1.01, Terror Operations: Case Studies in Terror, dated 25 July 2007. • Refers to Supplemental DCSINT Handbook No. 1.02, Critical Infrastructure Threats and Terrorism, dated 10 August 2006. • Refers to Supplemental DCSINT Handbook No. -
Civilians: the Fulcrum for a Modern Fleet
Chief of Navy Essay Competition The Youth Division (MacDougall Prize) Civilians: The Fulcrum for a Modern Fleet “We need to think differently […] by reviewing our basic operating concepts, reimagining the way that Navy should view itself in the twenty-first century, re-examining our assumptions and, most importantly, re-engineering our modus operandi…”1 – Vice Admiral Tim Barrett AO CSC RAN On 3rd September 1939 Australia declared war on Germany and by 1941 was seeking innovative ways to sustain the war effort at sea. This need served as the genesis of two important augmentations to the Royal Australian Navy (RAN): the Women’s Royal Australian Naval Service (WRANS) in April2 and the Naval Auxiliary Patrol (NAP) that June3. This essay will briefly identify the role played by the aforementioned services in supplementing an RAN stretched for resources before identifying similar challenges in the Navy of today. It will then explore the possibility of rectifying this by increasing the use of civilian support across the RAN, such as through the introduction of a modern Australian Fleet Auxiliary. Spread across the globe, the RAN realised it would need to do everything it could to maximise the availability of her sailors and warships while continuing to maintain a suitable presence on the home front. For this reason, both the WRANS and NAP would target those not eligible to serve in conflict at sea. Officer Commanding Sydney Naval Establishments Commodore Muirhead-Gould was quoted by the Sydney Morning Herald on the 4th November 1941 as saying the NAP “would not release any member from any other kind of service under the laws of the Commonwealth” and that, while “applications for enrolment were being received from unmarried men under 35 […] these men could be enrolled in the patrol only if they were in reserve occupations or medically unfit”4. -
Indo-Pacific
INDO-PACIFIC Chinese Central Military Commission Issues New Outline of Joint Operations OE Watch Commentary: China’s Central Military Commission (CMC) has issued an outline for improving the joint combat capabilities of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA). The CMC is China’s senior military authority. According to a press release regarding the outline (which itself is not public) published by state-run press agency Xinhua, the document represents the highest level of the Chinese military’s system of operational regulations and is meant to clarify responsibilities and generally standardize how operations work at higher levels across the PLA. While references to the PLA’s joint operations appeared in white papers in the early 2000s, real progress toward actually reaching that goal has only appeared in the past ten years. At the end of 2015, the CMC reorganized China’s military regions into a system of joint Theater Commands and abolished the General Staff Department in favor of a Joint Staff Department with clearer lines of communication and a less dominant role for PLA ground forces. The 2019 Defense White Paper released by the Chinese State Council previously General Li Zuocheng, chief of the Joint Staff Department of the committed the PLA to “generally achieve mechanization by the year 2020 with Central Military Commission. Source: Chief Petty Officer Elliott Fabrizio via Wikimedia,, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/ significantly enhanced informatization and greatly improved strategic capabilities,” China%E2%80%99s_Central_Military_Commission_Gen._Li_Zuocheng.jpg, Public Domain essentially completing modernization by 2035 and “fully transforming” into “world- class forces” by 2050. -
2019 China Military Power Report
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2019 Office of the Secretary of Defense Preparation of this report cost the Department of Defense a total of approximately $181,000 in Fiscal Years 2018-2019. This includes $12,000 in expenses and $169,000 in DoD labor. Generated on 2019May02 RefID: E-1F4B924 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2019 A Report to Congress Pursuant to the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, as Amended Section 1260, “Annual Report on Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China,” of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019, Public Law 115-232, which amends the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, Section 1202, Public Law 106-65, provides that the Secretary of Defense shall submit a report “in both classified and unclassified form, on military and security developments involving the People’s Republic of China. The report shall address the current and probable future course of military-technological development of the People’s Liberation Army and the tenets and probable development of Chinese security strategy and military strategy, and of the military organizations and operational concepts supporting such development over the next 20 years. -
National Defense University 2013-2014 Electives Program Catalog
National Defense University 2013-2014 Electives Program Catalog CONTENTS FALL SEMESTER ............................................................................................................................ 2 *EISENHOWER SCHOOL (FORMERLY KNOWN AS INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE OF THE ARMED FORCES)………..….…………………..…… 2 INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT COLLEGE (IRMC) ................................................ 15 NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY (NDU) ................................................................................ 18 NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE (NWC) ........................................................................................... 22 COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS (CISA).. ...................................................... 35 SPRING SEMESTER ..................................................................................................................... 36 *EISENHOWER SCHOOL (FORMERLY KNOWN AS INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE OF THE ARMED FORCES)…. .................................. 36 INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT COLLEGE (IRMC) ................................................ 48 NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY (NDU) ................................................................................. 51 NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE (NWC) ........................................................................................... 57 **COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS (CISA) * All Eisenhower School classes will be identified by the ICAF prefix. **College of International Security Affairs’ spring semester classes have not been -
Meeting the Anti-Access and Area-Denial Challenge
Meeting the Anti-Access and Area-Denial Challenge Andrew Krepinevich, Barry Watts & Robert Work 1730 Rhode Island Avenue, NW, Suite 912 Washington, DC 20036 Meeting the Anti-Access and Area-Denial Challenge by Andrew Krepinevich Barry Watts Robert Work Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments 2003 ABOUT THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND BUDGETARY ASSESSMENTS The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments is an independent public policy research institute established to promote innovative thinking about defense planning and investment strategies for the 21st century. CSBA’s analytic-based research makes clear the inextricable link between defense strategies and budgets in fostering a more effective and efficient defense, and the need to transform the US military in light of the emerging military revolution. CSBA is directed by Dr. Andrew F. Krepinevich and funded by foundation, corporate and individual grants and contributions, and government contracts. 1730 Rhode Island Ave., NW Suite 912 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 331-7990 http://www.csbaonline.org CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... I I. NEW CHALLENGES TO POWER PROJECTION.................................................................. 1 II. PROSPECTIVE US AIR FORCE FAILURE POINTS........................................................... 11 III. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY AND ASSURED ACCESS: A CRITICAL RISK ASSESSMENT .29 IV. THE ARMY AND THE OBJECTIVE FORCE ..................................................................... 69 V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................... 93 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY During the Cold War, the United States defense posture called for substantial forces to be located overseas as part of a military strategy that emphasized deterrence and forward defense. Large combat formations were based in Europe and Asia. Additional forces—both land-based and maritime—were rotated periodically back to the rear area in the United States. -
Magazine Fall 2014 Volume 1, Issue 1
A BI-ANNUAL PUBLICATION OF ALLIED LAND COMMAND MAGAZINE FALL 2014 VOLUME 1, ISSUE 1 03-06 08-11 12-15 15-18 The Allied Land Deep breathe: Collaborative Staff Operationalising The Command: NATO’s New Corps in brief Synchronization = Comprehensive Approach: Headquarters Focused Practice of the Joint Reflections From HQ ARRC on Land Forces Page Targeting System LAND POWER 1 UKR ROU RUS Headquarters BGR GEO GRC ARM Allied Land Izmir IRN Table of contents SYR Command IRQ 3 Commander Message LANDPOWER 5 Chief of Staff Message The LANDPOWER Magazine is a bi-annual 6 Command Sergeant Major Message publication produced by Allied Land Command (LANDCOM) dedicated to the promotion of actions 7 The Allied Land Command and ideas contributing to the improvement of the NATO Force Structure (NFS) efficiency and effectiveness. Most 10 Forensic Process to Certify as JTF HQ of the authors belong to the command but the views and opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily 12 Feasibility Review of the Joint Task reflect those of the LANDCOM Commander, SACEUR, NATO or its member nations and none can be quoted as Force Structure an official statement of those entities. An electronic version that includes additional 16 Legal Issues Inherent in NATO 3.0 links to in-depth articles, supplementary articles and an ability to provide online comments is available from the 20 Take A Deep breathe LANDCOM website (www.lc.nato.int). All articles are edited for content. 22 Preparing for the Future - NRDC GR 24 LANDCOM 2015 Timeline 26 Creating a More Efficient -
Winter 2018, No
StarshellA little light on what’s going on! A publication for the Naval Assocation of Canada • Winter 2018, No. 81 Orphan Monument No More Halifax’s neglected Bonaventure Monument gets a much-needed facelift 2 | Starshell Winter 2018 Starshell NEW ISSN-1191-1166 From the Editor National Magazine of the Naval Association of Canada Carmel Ecker Magazine Nationale de L’Association Navale du Canada www.navalassoc.ca “You have some big shoes to fill.” which I served for 14 years as a This is what I’ve heard repeatedly writer and graphic designer at CFB since agreeing to take on the role of Esquimalt’s Lookout Newspaper. I editor of the Starshell. treasure the time I spent embed- I daresay it seems like George ded in the community there. Moore WAS the Starshell. He The learning curve was steep. I PATRON: HRH THE PRINCE PHILIP, DUKE OF EDINBURGH took it from a 4 page newsletter grew up in the B.C. interior, had HONORARY PRESIDENT: H. R. (HARRY) STEELE and built it up to a 48 page maga- never been on a military base and zine over 20 years. Anyone who’s knew very little about our Armed BOARD OF DIRECTORS put out an association newsletter Forces. There was a plethora of PRESIDENT: Bill Conconi, [email protected] knows that is a feat of epic new terminology, acronyms, ranks, VICE PRESIDENT: Barry Walker, [email protected] proportions. ships, shore units and many other TREASURER: King Wan, [email protected] And like any good CO, George things to learn. -
Speaker Bios
Intelligence Reform and Counterterrorism after a Decade: Are We Smarter and Safer? October 16 – 18, 2014 University of Texas at Austin THURSDAY, OCTOBER 16 Blanton Museum, UT Campus 4:00-5:00pm Welcome Remarks and Discussion: Admiral William McRaven (ret.) Admiral McRaven is the ninth commander of United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), headquartered at MacDill Air Force Base, Fla. USSOCOM ensures the readiness of joint special operations forces and, as directed, conducts operations worldwide. McRaven served from June 2008 to June 2011 as the 11th commander of Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) headquartered at Fort Bragg, N.C. JSOC is charged to study special operations requirements and techniques, ensure interoperability and equipment standardization, plan and conduct special operations exercises and training, and develop joint special operations tactics. He served from June 2006 to March 2008 as commander, Special Operations Command Europe (SOCEUR). In addition to his duties as commander, SOCEUR, he was designated as the first director of the NATO Special Operations Forces Coordination Centre where he was charged with enhancing the capabilities and interoperability of all NATO Special Operations Forces. McRaven has commanded at every level within the special operations community, including assignments as deputy commanding general for Operations at JSOC; commodore of Naval Special Warfare Group One; commander of SEAL Team Three; task group commander in the U.S. Central Command area of responsibility; task unit commander during Desert Storm and Desert Shield; squadron commander at Naval Special Warfare Development Group; and SEAL platoon commander at Underwater Demolition Team 21/SEAL Team Four. His diverse staff and interagency experience includes assignments as the director for Strategic Planning in the Office of Combating Terrorism on the National Security Council Staff; assessment director at USSOCOM, on the staff of the Chief of Naval Operations, and the chief of staff at Naval Special Warfare Group One. -
Joint Force Quarterly, Issue
Issue 100, 1st Quarter 2021 Countering Chinese Coercion Remotely Piloted Airstrikes Logistics Under Fire JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY ISSUE ONE HUNDRED, 1 ST QUARTER 2021 Joint Force Quarterly Founded in 1993 • Vol. 100, 1st Quarter 2021 https://ndupress.ndu.edu GEN Mark A. Milley, USA, Publisher VADM Frederick J. Roegge, USN, President, NDU Editor in Chief Col William T. Eliason, USAF (Ret.), Ph.D. Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, Ph.D. Senior Editor and Director of Art John J. Church, D.M.A. Internet Publications Editor Joanna E. Seich Copyeditor Andrea L. Connell Book Review Editor Brett Swaney Creative Director Marco Marchegiani, U.S. Government Publishing Office Advisory Committee BrigGen Jay M. Bargeron, USMC/Marine Corps War College; RDML Shoshana S. Chatfield, USN/U.S. Naval War College; BG Joy L. Curriera, USA/Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy; Col Lee G. Gentile, Jr., USAF/Air Command and Staff College; Col Thomas J. Gordon, USMC/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; Ambassador John Hoover/College of International Security Affairs; Cassandra C. Lewis, Ph.D./College of Information and Cyberspace; LTG Michael D. Lundy, USA/U.S. Army Command and General Staff College; MG Stephen J. Maranian, USA/U.S. Army War College; VADM Stuart B. Munsch, USN/The Joint Staff; LTG Andrew P. Poppas, USA/The Joint Staff; RDML Cedric E. Pringle, USN/National War College; Brig Gen Michael T. Rawls, USAF/Air War College; MajGen W.H. Seely III/Joint Forces Staff College Editorial Board Richard K. Betts/Columbia University; Eliot A. Cohen/The Johns Hopkins University; Richard L.