Fuentes Antiguas Sobre Los Astures I
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El Área Superficial De Los Oppida En La Hispania “Céltica”
Complutuin, 6, 1995: 209-233 EL ÁREA SUPERFICIAL DE LOS OPPIDA EN LA HISPANIA “CÉLTICA” Martin Almagro-Gorbea, Antonio E Dávila* RESUWEN.- El análisis del tamaño de unos ¡00 oppida de superficie conocida de la Hispania Céltica propor- ciona datos de indudable interés para conocer su estructura urbanística, socio-política y territoriaL El tama- ño medio es de unas 20 Ha aunque sólo 4 superan las 50 Ha; 14 ocupan de SO a 25 Ha; más deI SO%, entre 2Sy 10 Ha; 24, de lOa SHaymuypocos oppida ocupan menos deS Ha. El análisis de los tamaños permite señalar cuatro zonas, relacionadas con las distintas áreas elno- culturales: 19 el bordemeridional y oriental de la Ateseta, con poblaciones de tipo ibérico, Oretanos y Olca- des; 29 las llanuras sedimentadas ocupadas por Carpetanos y l’acceos cuyos grandes oppida alcanzan hasta 100 Ha; 39 la Hispania húmeda, de Galaicos, Astures, Cántabros, Vascones, etc. • con oppida tardíos y de es- caso tamaño; 49 las áreas marginales de zonas montañosas que no alcanzaron una estructura urbana en la Antigtaedad. ,Ansnucr-An ana¿vsis ofnearly 100 oppida w’iIlr known area in Celtic” Iberia has provided sorne verv in- leresting resulis about ¡ts urban setilemen; and socio-political structure. Tire aver-age area is about 20 Ha. but only 4 are biggerthan SOFIa; 14 are between 50 and 25 Ha; more tIzan 509/o, benveen 25and JO Ha; 24,from JO ro 5 Ifa and only afew are less tIran 5 Ha. This analysis allows to distingnish four cultural areas, related witlr different ethnics groups: 1, tIre sou- thern and eastern border of the Meseta occupied by “Iberian “peoples, as Oretaul and Olcades; 2, tIre Meseta plains where the oppida of tire Carpetaul mrd Vaccel were as large as 100 Ha; 3. -
The Celts of the Southwestern Iberian Peninsula
e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies Volume 6 The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula Article 9 7-12-2005 The eltC s of the Southwestern Iberian Peninsula Luis Berrocal-Rangel Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi Recommended Citation Berrocal-Rangel, Luis (2005) "The eC lts of the Southwestern Iberian Peninsula," e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies: Vol. 6 , Article 9. Available at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi/vol6/iss1/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact open- [email protected]. The Celts of the Southwestern Iberian Peninsula Luis Berrocal-Rangel Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Abstract Archaeological investigations carried out in the southwestern Iberian Peninsula during recent years have contributed to the identification of the cultural characteristics of its ancient populations, called Keltikoi or Celtici by Ephorus, Herodotus, Strabo and Pliny. From a detailed analysis of the types and distribution of the material culture, references in the Classical sources, epigraphic evidence, contemporary observations, and the presence of an individual decorative style of hand-made pottery, it is now possible to record the specific cultural traits of those native populations that occupied, at least from the end of the fifth century BC, the basins of the Sado and Guadiana Rivers in both Spain and Portugal. -
Celts and the Castro Culture in the Iberian Peninsula – Issues of National Identity and Proto-Celtic Substratum
Brathair 18 (1), 2018 ISSN 1519-9053 Celts and the Castro Culture in the Iberian Peninsula – issues of national identity and Proto-Celtic substratum Silvana Trombetta1 Laboratory of Provincial Roman Archeology (MAE/USP) [email protected] Received: 03/29/2018 Approved: 04/30/2018 Abstract : The object of this article is to discuss the presence of the Castro Culture and of Celtic people on the Iberian Peninsula. Currently there are two sides to this debate. On one hand, some consider the “Castro” people as one of the Celtic groups that inhabited this part of Europe, and see their peculiarity as a historically designed trait due to issues of national identity. On the other hand, there are archeologists who – despite not ignoring entirely the usage of the Castro culture for the affirmation of national identity during the nineteenth century (particularly in Portugal) – saw distinctive characteristics in the Northwest of Portugal and Spain which go beyond the use of the past for political reasons. We will examine these questions aiming to decide if there is a common Proto-Celtic substrate, and possible singularities in the Castro Culture. Keywords : Celts, Castro Culture, national identity, Proto-Celtic substrate http://ppg.revistas.uema.br/index.php/brathair 39 Brathair 18 (1), 2018 ISSN 1519-9053 There is marked controversy in the use of the term Celt and the matter of the presence of these people in Europe, especially in Spain. This controversy involves nationalism, debates on the possible existence of invading hordes (populations that would bring with them elements of the Urnfield, Hallstatt, and La Tène cultures), and the possible presence of a Proto-Celtic cultural substrate common to several areas of the Old Continent. -
Autor: Maria Joana Gomes [email protected] Title: to Be Or
Guarecer. Revista Electrónica de Estudos Medievais Autor: Maria Joana Gomes [email protected] Title: To be or not be (a Goth): Gothic origins and the construction of identity of Iberian kingdoms (10th-12th centuries) Abstract: The genealogical connection of medieval kings of Spain to a specific people – the Visigoths – became among of the most important tools of legitimation used in the historiography written in the North-western Iberian Christian kingdoms. Chronicles and documents written under the direct command of king Alfonso III of Asturias affirmed the Gothic origins of the Asturian dynasty, an ideological current known as Neogothicism. In the same manner, and throughout the 11th-12th centuries, chronicles and documents issued by kings of León, successors of the Asturian kings, also used continuity with the Gothic past to consolidate the power of that dynasty. However, texts coming from other geographies, namely the territories of the recently formed kingdom of Portugal, opted for an alternative view of the past and of the origins of the realm, establishing other kinds of connections to validate the emergence of this new political entity. The aim of this paper is to show how continuity and discontinuity were used as an identity mark and a legitimation strategy in a set of texts written between the 10th and 12th centuries in Asturias, León and Portugal. Keywords: Visigoths; Neogothicism; Asturias; León; Portugal; Continuity; Discontinuity; Historiography. 23 Maria Joana Gomes Resumo: As relações genealógicas dos reis ibéricos com os visigóticos foi uma das ferramentas de legitimação usada pelos historiógrafos dos reinos cristãos do noroeste da Península Ibérica. As crónicas escritas na corte de Afonso III das Astúrias afirmaram a origem gótica da dinastia régias asturiana, uma corrente ideológica que se tornou conhecida como Neogoticismo. -
1 Settlement Patterns in Roman Galicia
Settlement Patterns in Roman Galicia: Late Iron Age – Second Century AD Jonathan Wynne Rees Thesis submitted in requirement of fulfilments for the degree of Ph.D. in Archaeology, at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London University of London 2012 1 I, Jonathan Wynne Rees confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Abstract This thesis examines the changes which occurred in the cultural landscapes of northwest Iberia, between the end of the Iron Age and the consolidation of the region by both the native elite and imperial authorities during the early Roman empire. As a means to analyse the impact of Roman power on the native peoples of northwest Iberia five study areas in northern Portugal were chosen, which stretch from the mountainous region of Trás-os-Montes near the modern-day Spanish border, moving west to the Tâmega Valley and the Atlantic coastal area. The divergent physical environments, different social practices and political affinities which these diverse regions offer, coupled with differing levels of contact with the Roman world, form the basis for a comparative examination of the area. In seeking to analyse the transformations which took place between the Late pre-Roman Iron Age and the early Roman period historical, archaeological and anthropological approaches from within Iberian academia and beyond were analysed. From these debates, three key questions were formulated, focusing on -
The Language(S) of the Callaeci Eugenio R
e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies Volume 6 The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula Article 16 5-3-2006 The Language(s) of the Callaeci Eugenio R. Luján Martinez Dept. Filología Griega y Lingüística Indoeuropea, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi Recommended Citation Luján Martinez, Eugenio R. (2006) "The Language(s) of the Callaeci," e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies: Vol. 6 , Article 16. Available at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi/vol6/iss1/16 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact open- [email protected]. The Language(s) of the Callaeci Eugenio R. Luján Martínez, Dept. Filología Griega y Lingüística Indoeuropea, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Abstract Although there is no direct extant record of the language spoken by any of the peoples of ancient Callaecia, some linguistic information can be recovered through the analysis of the names (personal names, names of deities, ethnonyms, and place-names) that occur in Latin inscriptions and in ancient Greek and Latin sources. These names prove the presence of speakers of a Celtic language in this area, but there are also names of other origins. Keywords Onomastics, place-names, Palaeohispanic languages, epigraphy, historical linguistics 1. Introduction1 In this paper I will try to provide a general overview of the linguistic situation in ancient Callaecia by analyzing the linguistic evidence provided both by the literary and the epigraphic sources available in this westernmost area of continental Europe. -
Introducción. Los Astures Y La Religiosidad
Introducción Los astures y la religiosidad El territorio ocupado por las poblaciones astures, cuyo ámbito geográfico se ex- tendía a uno y otro lado de la cordillera cantábrica (pésicos, luggones y astures pro- piamenre dichos o astures genéricos en suelo de Asturias), acogería a lo largo de los siglos de la Antigüedad, antes y durante la fase de presencia romana en el mismo, a una serie de divinidades y cultos; la implantación, arraigo y desarrollo de los mismos se explica con relativa facilidad a medida que podemos trazar la evolución histórica de la organización de tales comunidades, así como la difusión y aceptación de los dioses integrantes de dicho panteón y de sus correspondientes cultos1. Hemos de partir del hecho de que las peculiaridades que nos presentan las estruc- turas organizativas de esas poblaciones en las diferentes fases de su desarrollo (época prerromana, tiempos romanos y etapa visigoda-cristiana) contextualizarán las carac- terísticas propias de un mundo religioso conectado a las actividades económicas, a las estructuras sociales y políticas, así como al entorno geográfico que habitaban (en un primer momento en un marco exclusivamente rural y, a partir de la presencia romana, matizado por un cierto influjo, no demasiado acusado, de la presencia de algunos, en realidad muy pocos, centros urbanos)2. El tipo de organización administrativa y socio-política de los astures a lo largo de los diferentes siglos de su existencia (prerromana y romana) nos servirá de base para comprender los parámetros de funcionamiento de su religiosidad; junto a ello hemos de tener en cuenta que, durante las centurias anterromanas, el panteón indíge- na apenas rebasaría el ámbito estrictamente local, por lo que únicamente la presencia romana haría posible el arraigo de una religiosidad común, que en cierto sentido amalgamaría (hasta sincretizarlos) los cultos y divinidades propios de cada una de las comunidades prerromanas3. -
Aniversario Del Origen Del Reino De Asturias Actas
ANEJOS DE Estudios Interdisciplinares de Arqueología Aniversario del origen del Reino de Asturias Congreso internacional. Del fin de la Antigüedad Tardía a la Alta Edad Media en la península ibérica (650-900) Actas Alejandro García Álvarez-Busto César García de Castro Valdés Sergio Ríos González (Editores) Julio 2019 Asociación de OVIEDO Profesionales Independientes de la Anejos de NAILOS Número 5 Arqueología de 5Oviedo, 2019 ISSN 2341-3573 Asturias Estudios Interdisciplinares de Arqueología Aniversario del origen del Reino de Asturias Congreso internacional. Del fin de la Antigüedad Tardía a la Alta Edad Media en la península ibérica (650-900) COMITÉ COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO EJECUTIVO Rafael Azuar Ruiz José Antonio Fernández MARQ de Alicante de Córdoba Pérez Consejería de Educación y Julio Escalona Monge Cultura del Principado de CEHS-CSIC, Madrid Asturias Margarita Fernández Mier Alejandro García Álvarez-Busto Universidad de Oviedo Universidad de Oviedo José Avelino Gutiérrez González Iván Muñiz López Universidad de Oviedo UNED Julio Navarro Palazón Juan R. Muñiz Álvarez EEEA-CSIC, Granada Pontificia Facultad de San Manuel Retuerce Velasco Esteban de Salamanca Universidad Complutense César García de Castro Valdés de Madrid Museo Arqueológico de Asturias Vicente Salvatierra Cuenca Sergio Ríos González Universidad de Jaén APIAA ANEJOS DE Estudios Interdisciplinares de Arqueología Consejo Asesor Consejo Editorial José Bettencourt Juan José Ibáñez Estévez Alejandro García Álvarez-Busto Universidad de Oviedo Universidade Nova de Lisboa Institución -
Tomo I:Prehistoria, Romanización Y Germanización José Ramón Menéndez De Luarca Navia Osorio
LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL TERRITORIO, MAPA HISTÓRICO DEL NOROESTE TOMO I:PREHISTORIA, ROMANIZACIÓN Y GERMANIZACIÓN JOSÉ RAMÓN MENÉNDEZ DE LUARCA NAVIA OSORIO LAS PRINCIPALES ETAPAS HISTÓRICAS EN LA TOPONIMIA CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL NOROESTE 1. PREHISTORIA .......................................................... 1 1. MEGALITISMO Y BRONCE LA ÉPOCA MEGALÍTICA ............................................. 1 TOPONIMIA MEGALÍTICA ......................................... 1 Los monumentos megalíticos ......................................... 1 Túmulos ........................................................................... 2 El dolmen como construcción ......................................... 3 Las bases agropecuarias de la cultura Los componentes pétreos ................................................ 4 megalítica ........................................................................ 6 Oquedades ....................................................................... 5 Oro y tesoros .................................................................... 7 ÉPOCA DE LOS METALES ........................................... 8 El cobre ............................................................................ 8 El bronce ......................................................................... 8 TOPONIMIA DE LOS ASENTAMIENTOS 2. ÉPOCA CASTREÑA ................................................. 10 CASTREÑOS .................................................................10 Génesis temporal de la cultura castreña ..................... 10 Toponimia indoeuropea -
Estado, Poder E Estruturas Políticas Na Gallaecia
Estado, poder e estruturas políticas na Gallaecia séculos II a.C.-VIII d.C. BLUKK EDIÇÕES Santiago de Compostela · Pontecesures www.blu!!.com "odos os direitos reser#ados de acordo com a legisla$%o #igente. Esta o ra está catalogada pola Biblioteca 'acional de (alicia. Imagem da capa e contra)capa: As da caetra. +useu ,r-ueol./ico e Hist.rico do Castelo de San Ant.n (A Corun2a) © Ar-ui#o fotogr&fico de Patrim.nio Nacional Galego. Cop6right © 789E Blu!! Edi$;es Cop6right 4 789E Mart<n Fern&nde> Calo Projecto editorial* Lu<s +agarin2os Desen2o interior e indexa$%o: +art<n =ern&ndez Calo +aquetação* con/enia.gal Printed in Galicia 6 Gráficas Lasa Dep.sito Legal: PO 651-2016 ISB'-13: 978-84-617-7500-2 7 Estado, poder e estruturas políticas na Gallaecia séculos II a.C.-VIII d.C. Martín Fernández Calo C GUn magnífico ensaio con vocación globalizadora... O coñecemento bibliográ5icoI o emprego das fontes e a finura da an&lise deron como froito unha obra dunha madure> infrecuente e insospeitada nun autor que, sen dJbida, está a principiar un brillante percorrido cientí5icoK. =rancisco Calo Lourido, Padroado do Museo do Pobo Galego GEste é un libro importante... que propón novidosas interpretacións que avanzan o noso coñecemento da Gallaecia tardo)antiga. RecomLndoo con entusiasmo a todos os interesados nesta épocaK. ,l erto Ferreiro, Seattle Pacific University G, percepción dos procesos históricos precisa de perspectivas diacr.nicas amplas; a historia da Gallaecia antiga estivo marcada nas últimas dLcadas por unha e/cesiva compartimentación. Esta tendencia.. -
Celtic from the West’
An Alternative to ‘Celtic from the East’ and ‘Celtic from the West’ Patrick Sims-Williams This article discusses a problem in integrating archaeology and philology. For most of the twentieth century, archaeologists associated the spread of the Celtic languages with the supposed westward spread of the ‘eastern Hallstatt culture’ in the first millennium BC. More recently, some have discarded ‘Celtic from the East’ in favour of ‘Celtic from the West’, according to which Celtic was a much older lingua franca which evolved from a hypothetical Neolithic Proto-Indo-European language in the Atlantic zone and then spread eastwards in the third millennium BC. This article (1) criticizes the assumptions and misinterpretations of classical texts and onomastics that led to ‘Celtic from the East’ in the first place; (2) notes the unreliability of the linguistic evidence for ‘Celtic from the West’, namely (i) ‘glottochronology’ (which assumes that languages change at a steady rate), (ii) misunderstood place-name distribution maps and (iii) the undeciphered inscriptions in southwest Iberia; and (3) proposes that Celtic radiating from France during the first millennium BC would be a more economical explanation of the known facts. Introduction too often, philologists have leant on outdated arch- aeological models, which in turn depended on out- Philology and archaeology have had a difficult rela- dated philological speculations—and vice versa. tionship, as this article illustrates. Texts, including Such circularity is particularly evident in the study inscriptions, and names are the philologists’ primary of Celtic ethnogenesis, a topic which can hardly be evidence, and when these can be localized and dated approached without understanding the chequered they can profitably be studied alongside archaeo- development of ‘Celtic philology’, ‘Celtic archae- logical evidence for the same localities at the same ology’ and their respective terminologies. -
Vitrified Walls in the Iron Age of Western Iberia: New Research from an Archaeometric Perspective
European Journal of Archaeology 22 (2) 2019, 185–209 Vitrified Walls in the Iron Age of Western Iberia: New Research from an Archaeometric Perspective 1 2 1 LUIS BERROCAL-RANGEL ,ROSARIO GARCÍA-GIMÉNEZ ,LUCÍA RUANO 2 AND RAQUEL VIGIL DE LA VILLA 1Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain 2Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain The phenomenon of Iron Age vitrified ramparts has become increasingly recognisable in the last twenty years in the Iberian Peninsula. After the first walls with vitrified stones were discovered in southern Portugal, there have been several findings scattered throughout western Iberia. A chronological sequence from the Late Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age can be established on the basis of the archaeological remains, with reference to different historical and functional conditions. This article reviews the data obtained from the various sites, in order to understand the context in which the stone structures became vitrified. Furthermore, we have analysed samples of stones and mud bricks that have been altered by fire from these sites, which has allowed us to explain the variability in the archaeological record in relation to different historical processes. With all these data, we aim to contribute to our knowledge of a phenomenon that is widespread in Iron Age Europe. Keywords: vitrification, Iberian Peninsula, archaeometry, ramparts, hillforts, fortifications INTRODUCTION eighteenth century, the first scientific studies were those of Vere Gordon Childe Throughout the twentieth century, an and Wallace Thorneycroft, whose explana- important number of calcined or vitrified tions related to a strong fire on timber- stones have been documented in ramparts laced walls.