Novas Perspectivas Sobre Os Lusitanos (E Outros Mundos)
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El Área Superficial De Los Oppida En La Hispania “Céltica”
Complutuin, 6, 1995: 209-233 EL ÁREA SUPERFICIAL DE LOS OPPIDA EN LA HISPANIA “CÉLTICA” Martin Almagro-Gorbea, Antonio E Dávila* RESUWEN.- El análisis del tamaño de unos ¡00 oppida de superficie conocida de la Hispania Céltica propor- ciona datos de indudable interés para conocer su estructura urbanística, socio-política y territoriaL El tama- ño medio es de unas 20 Ha aunque sólo 4 superan las 50 Ha; 14 ocupan de SO a 25 Ha; más deI SO%, entre 2Sy 10 Ha; 24, de lOa SHaymuypocos oppida ocupan menos deS Ha. El análisis de los tamaños permite señalar cuatro zonas, relacionadas con las distintas áreas elno- culturales: 19 el bordemeridional y oriental de la Ateseta, con poblaciones de tipo ibérico, Oretanos y Olca- des; 29 las llanuras sedimentadas ocupadas por Carpetanos y l’acceos cuyos grandes oppida alcanzan hasta 100 Ha; 39 la Hispania húmeda, de Galaicos, Astures, Cántabros, Vascones, etc. • con oppida tardíos y de es- caso tamaño; 49 las áreas marginales de zonas montañosas que no alcanzaron una estructura urbana en la Antigtaedad. ,Ansnucr-An ana¿vsis ofnearly 100 oppida w’iIlr known area in Celtic” Iberia has provided sorne verv in- leresting resulis about ¡ts urban setilemen; and socio-political structure. Tire aver-age area is about 20 Ha. but only 4 are biggerthan SOFIa; 14 are between 50 and 25 Ha; more tIzan 509/o, benveen 25and JO Ha; 24,from JO ro 5 Ifa and only afew are less tIran 5 Ha. This analysis allows to distingnish four cultural areas, related witlr different ethnics groups: 1, tIre sou- thern and eastern border of the Meseta occupied by “Iberian “peoples, as Oretaul and Olcades; 2, tIre Meseta plains where the oppida of tire Carpetaul mrd Vaccel were as large as 100 Ha; 3. -
Celts and the Castro Culture in the Iberian Peninsula – Issues of National Identity and Proto-Celtic Substratum
Brathair 18 (1), 2018 ISSN 1519-9053 Celts and the Castro Culture in the Iberian Peninsula – issues of national identity and Proto-Celtic substratum Silvana Trombetta1 Laboratory of Provincial Roman Archeology (MAE/USP) [email protected] Received: 03/29/2018 Approved: 04/30/2018 Abstract : The object of this article is to discuss the presence of the Castro Culture and of Celtic people on the Iberian Peninsula. Currently there are two sides to this debate. On one hand, some consider the “Castro” people as one of the Celtic groups that inhabited this part of Europe, and see their peculiarity as a historically designed trait due to issues of national identity. On the other hand, there are archeologists who – despite not ignoring entirely the usage of the Castro culture for the affirmation of national identity during the nineteenth century (particularly in Portugal) – saw distinctive characteristics in the Northwest of Portugal and Spain which go beyond the use of the past for political reasons. We will examine these questions aiming to decide if there is a common Proto-Celtic substrate, and possible singularities in the Castro Culture. Keywords : Celts, Castro Culture, national identity, Proto-Celtic substrate http://ppg.revistas.uema.br/index.php/brathair 39 Brathair 18 (1), 2018 ISSN 1519-9053 There is marked controversy in the use of the term Celt and the matter of the presence of these people in Europe, especially in Spain. This controversy involves nationalism, debates on the possible existence of invading hordes (populations that would bring with them elements of the Urnfield, Hallstatt, and La Tène cultures), and the possible presence of a Proto-Celtic cultural substrate common to several areas of the Old Continent. -
Povos, Cultura E Língua No Ocidente Peninsular: Uma Perspectiva, a Partir Da Toponomástica
Acta Palaeohispanica IX Palaeohispanica 5, (2005), pp. 793-822 POVOS, CULTURA E LÍNGUA NO OCIDENTE PENINSULAR: UMA PERSPECTIVA, A PARTIR DA TOPONOMÁSTICA Amílcar Guerra Estes encontros regulares da comunidade científica que se dedica aos estudos das línguas e culturas paleohispânicas, têm, desde logo, o grande mérito de terem contribuído, ao longo de mais de trinta anos, para uma actualização periódica dos conhecimentos e uma avaliação dos progressos da investigação nos diversos domínios que lhe dizem res- peito. Respondendo a uma solicitação da comissão organizadora, pro- ponho-me aqui trazer algumas questões de natureza linguística e cultu- ral respeitantes ao Ocidente Hispânico, em particularmente relaciona- das com topónimos e etnónimos dessa área, a aspecto a que dediquei, nos últimos anos, uma atenção particular. Tendo em vista esse objectivo, tratar-se-ão aspectos que concernem duas vertentes distintas, mas complementares, da investigação. Numa primeira parte abordam-se questões que se prendem com o próprio repertório onomástico, em particular as mais recentes novidades, em boa parte ainda não presentes nas mais vulgarizadas recolhes do mate- rial linguístico associado à geografia antiga. Por outro lado, apresentam- se alguns dos elementos mais característicos da realidade em análise, entre eles alguns sufixos e elementos comuns na formação dos NNL do Ocidente. A. O REPERTÓRIO 1. Quando, no início dos anos ’90, me propus recolher e analisar de forma sistemática a documentação antiga respeitante aos povos e lugares do Ocidente hispânico, o panorama da investigação era substancialmente diferente do actual. Ao contrário do acontecia então com a onomástica pessoal, realidade que, especialmente graças primeiro aos esforços de Palomar Lapesa (1956) e depois, sobretudo, de Albertos (1966, 1976, ActPal IX = PalHisp 5 793 Amílcar Guerra 1979) e Untermann (1965), tinha sido objecto de estudos sistemáticos tanto a nível do repertório e da análise linguística, a documentação rela- tiva à realidade geográfica encontrava-se apenas parcelarmente tratada. -
Notas De Arqueologia, Epigrafia E Toponímia – II
Notas de arqueologia, epigrafia e toponímia – II JORGE DE ALARCÃO RESUMONa sequência de um artigo sob o mesmo título publicado nesta revista, apresentam-se algumas notas sobre a povoação romana de Aritium Vetus e a “paróquia” suévica de Vallearitia. Localizam-se dois outros povoados que parece terem ficado nos extremos do território de Bracara Augusta: castellum Durbedis e vicus Cabr(...). Corrige-se uma anterior proposta de loca- lização dos Lubaeni do conventus Bracaraugustanus e reinterpretam-se algumas inscrições da área de Aquae Flaviae. Finalmente, sugere-se uma leitura para a muito discutida inscrição rupestre de Freixo de Numão, CIL II 430, e uma interpretação para a epígrafe Neptunale de Bobadela, CIL II 398. ABSTRACTFollowing a previous paper published under the same general title in the last issue of Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia, the locations of the Roman town of Aritium Vetus and the Suevic parish of Vallearitia are here discussed. Two other Roman sites, castellum Durbedis and vicus Cabr(...), are identified on the border lines of the territory of the civitas of Bracara Augusta. Arguments are produced against a previous proposal of localization of the Lubaeni of the conventus Bracaraugustanus. Some inscriptions of the area of Aquae Flaviae are reviewed. Finally, a new reading is presented for the much discussed rock-inscription of Freixo de Numão, CIL II 430, and a new interpretation is given for the monumental inscription Nep- tunale of Bobadela, CIL II 398. Ao longo de mais de quarenta anos de investigação histórico-arqueológica sobre o período em que Portugal foi domínio dos Romanos, fomos formulando alguns problemas (e espreitando para eles, às vezes, algumas soluções) ou ocorreram-nos dúvidas sobre o que outros escreveram ou sobre entendimentos que foram nossos e agora nos parecem errados. -
1 Settlement Patterns in Roman Galicia
Settlement Patterns in Roman Galicia: Late Iron Age – Second Century AD Jonathan Wynne Rees Thesis submitted in requirement of fulfilments for the degree of Ph.D. in Archaeology, at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London University of London 2012 1 I, Jonathan Wynne Rees confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Abstract This thesis examines the changes which occurred in the cultural landscapes of northwest Iberia, between the end of the Iron Age and the consolidation of the region by both the native elite and imperial authorities during the early Roman empire. As a means to analyse the impact of Roman power on the native peoples of northwest Iberia five study areas in northern Portugal were chosen, which stretch from the mountainous region of Trás-os-Montes near the modern-day Spanish border, moving west to the Tâmega Valley and the Atlantic coastal area. The divergent physical environments, different social practices and political affinities which these diverse regions offer, coupled with differing levels of contact with the Roman world, form the basis for a comparative examination of the area. In seeking to analyse the transformations which took place between the Late pre-Roman Iron Age and the early Roman period historical, archaeological and anthropological approaches from within Iberian academia and beyond were analysed. From these debates, three key questions were formulated, focusing on -
Callaica Nomina.Qxd 13/12/07 14:26 Página 1
Callaica nomina.qxd 13/12/07 14:26 Página 1 Biblioteca Filolóxica Galega | Instituto da Lingua Galega Callaica Nomina Estudios de Onomástica Gallega Juan J. Moralejo Fundación Pedro Barrié de la Maza Callaica nomina.qxd 13/12/07 14:26 Página 2 Callaica Nomina. Estudios de Onomástica Gallega. / Juan J. Moralejo.- [A Coruña] : Fundación Pedro Barrié de la Maza, D.L. 2007. - XXX p.; 24 cm. - (Biblioteca Filolóxica Galega).- D.L.: C XXXX-2007 - ISBN: 978-84-XXXXXXXXXX © 2007 FUNDACIÓN PEDRO BARRIÉ DE LA MAZA © 2007 JUAN J. MORALEJO ISBN: 978-84XXXXXXXX Depósito legal: C XXXX-2007 Imprime: Tórculo Artes Gráficas, S.A. A publicación por parte da Fundación Pedro Barrié de la Maza do presente traballo non implica responsabilida- de ningunha sobre o seu contido nin sobre a inclusión no mesmo de documentos ou informacións facilitados polos autores. Callaica nomina.qxd 13/12/07 14:26 Página 3 Callaica Nomina Estudios de Onomástica Gallega Juan J. Moralejo Fundación Pedro Barrié de la Maza Callaica nomina.qxd 13/12/07 14:26 Página 4 Callaica nomina.qxd 13/12/07 14:26 Página 5 A la memoria de mi padre, ABELARDO MORALEJO LASO, que me metió el gusanillo y cuyo juicio he echado muy en falta Callaica nomina.qxd 13/12/07 14:26 Página 6 Callaica nomina.qxd 13/12/07 14:26 Página 7 ÍNDICE XERAL 7 P ARA UNA PRÓLOGO de J. Untermann ...................................................................................9 NOTA PREVIA .....................................................................................................13 E SCRIPTOLOXÍA DO ABREVIATURAS EMPLEADAS........................................................................17 1. EXTRAMUNDI El Extramundi y los Papeles de Iria Flavia III (1995), pp. 7-14 ......................19 G 2. -
Celtic from the West’
An Alternative to ‘Celtic from the East’ and ‘Celtic from the West’ Patrick Sims-Williams This article discusses a problem in integrating archaeology and philology. For most of the twentieth century, archaeologists associated the spread of the Celtic languages with the supposed westward spread of the ‘eastern Hallstatt culture’ in the first millennium BC. More recently, some have discarded ‘Celtic from the East’ in favour of ‘Celtic from the West’, according to which Celtic was a much older lingua franca which evolved from a hypothetical Neolithic Proto-Indo-European language in the Atlantic zone and then spread eastwards in the third millennium BC. This article (1) criticizes the assumptions and misinterpretations of classical texts and onomastics that led to ‘Celtic from the East’ in the first place; (2) notes the unreliability of the linguistic evidence for ‘Celtic from the West’, namely (i) ‘glottochronology’ (which assumes that languages change at a steady rate), (ii) misunderstood place-name distribution maps and (iii) the undeciphered inscriptions in southwest Iberia; and (3) proposes that Celtic radiating from France during the first millennium BC would be a more economical explanation of the known facts. Introduction too often, philologists have leant on outdated arch- aeological models, which in turn depended on out- Philology and archaeology have had a difficult rela- dated philological speculations—and vice versa. tionship, as this article illustrates. Texts, including Such circularity is particularly evident in the study inscriptions, and names are the philologists’ primary of Celtic ethnogenesis, a topic which can hardly be evidence, and when these can be localized and dated approached without understanding the chequered they can profitably be studied alongside archaeo- development of ‘Celtic philology’, ‘Celtic archae- logical evidence for the same localities at the same ology’ and their respective terminologies. -
Vitrified Walls in the Iron Age of Western Iberia: New Research from an Archaeometric Perspective
European Journal of Archaeology 22 (2) 2019, 185–209 Vitrified Walls in the Iron Age of Western Iberia: New Research from an Archaeometric Perspective 1 2 1 LUIS BERROCAL-RANGEL ,ROSARIO GARCÍA-GIMÉNEZ ,LUCÍA RUANO 2 AND RAQUEL VIGIL DE LA VILLA 1Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain 2Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain The phenomenon of Iron Age vitrified ramparts has become increasingly recognisable in the last twenty years in the Iberian Peninsula. After the first walls with vitrified stones were discovered in southern Portugal, there have been several findings scattered throughout western Iberia. A chronological sequence from the Late Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age can be established on the basis of the archaeological remains, with reference to different historical and functional conditions. This article reviews the data obtained from the various sites, in order to understand the context in which the stone structures became vitrified. Furthermore, we have analysed samples of stones and mud bricks that have been altered by fire from these sites, which has allowed us to explain the variability in the archaeological record in relation to different historical processes. With all these data, we aim to contribute to our knowledge of a phenomenon that is widespread in Iron Age Europe. Keywords: vitrification, Iberian Peninsula, archaeometry, ramparts, hillforts, fortifications INTRODUCTION eighteenth century, the first scientific studies were those of Vere Gordon Childe Throughout the twentieth century, an and Wallace Thorneycroft, whose explana- important number of calcined or vitrified tions related to a strong fire on timber- stones have been documented in ramparts laced walls. -
En Busca Del Verraco Perdido. Aportaciones a La Escultura Zoomorfa De La Edad Del Hierro En La Meseta
Co~nplutum, 4, 1993:157-168 EN BUSCA DEL VERRACO PERDIDO. APORTACIONES A LA ESCULTURA ZOOMORFA DE LA EDAD DEL HIERRO EN LA MESETA Jesús R. A1varez~Sanchís* «Vez también hubo que me mandó fuese a tomar en peso las antiguas piedras de los valientes Toros de Guisando, empresa más para encomendarse a ganapanes que a caballeros». Cervantes (Don Quijote de la Mancha, II parte, cap. XIV) REsUMEN—En los últimos años, el catálogo de la escultura zoomorfa del occidente de la Meseta se ha visto incrementado a partir de nuevos hallazgos y publicaciones de conjunto. Este trabajo da a co- nocer nueve esculturas oriundas de las provincias de Avila, Zamora y Toledo. Tras breves considera- ciones sobre técnicas de tal/ay tipología, nos centramos en los problemas de interpretación que ofrece la localización de estas esculturas y su asociación a contextos no siempre, y no necesariamente, arqueo- lógicos. Su distribución nos remite, asimismo, a una reflexión sobre el valor social y económico de los emplazamientos y la utilización de la escultura como un elemento más del pasado en la exhibición aris- tocratizante del presente. ABsrítÁcT.—Jn recent years, the catalogue oftite zoomorphic sculpture of the West Meseta has In- creased thanks to new discoveries and recent works. Thispaperpresents a group of new sculpturesfrom tite provinces ofAvila, Zamora and Toledo. After a briefdiscussion ofcarving techniques and typo/ogy, we deal wirh the problems of tite context, not necessarily archaeological, in the location of titis sculptu- res. Final/y, it isa/so interesting to note, with regard to titeir spatial distribution, tite economic meaning oftitese sculpíures, whose social value, although it has become blurred with thepassage of time, has sur- vived asan aristocratic emblem into our own times. -
Origines Celticae (A Fragment) and Other Contributions to the History Of
(i««l!S!l<<«!««i«»5f^^ The date shows when this volume was taken. To renew this book copy the call No. and give to ..'..'. ..r.Y....Mr!?..^. HOME USE RULES All Books subject to recall ;^1 borrowers must rcgis- jjibrary to borrow books for home use. All books must be re- turned at end of cnllcf^e year for inspection and repairs. Limited books must be returned within the four week limit and not renewed. Students must return .^11 books before leaving' town. O^iCers should arranpe for the return of books wanted during their absence [rum town. Vohimes of periodicals and of pamphlets are held in the library as much as possible. For special pur- poses they are given nut for 'a limited time. Bf)rrowers should not use their library privileges for the benefit of other persons Books of special value and gift books, when the . giver wishes it, are not allowed to circulate. Readers are asked to re- port all cases of bnok5 marked or mutilated. Do not doface books by marks and writing. 0,13 r^- ORIGINES OELTIOAE GUEST VOL. I. : OXFORD BY E. PICKAPiD HALL, M.A., AND J. II. STACY, PRINTERS TO THE TJNIVEESITT. The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924088008929 iG] ORIGINE-SCELTICAE (A FRAGMENT) AND OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HISTORY OF BRITAIN EDWIN GUEST, LL.D, D.C.L, F.R.S. LATE MASTEB OP OONTIILE AND CAIUS COlLEaB, CAMBEIDGE IN TWO rOLlTMMS VOL. -
Los Celtíberos
ALBERTO J. LORRIO UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE DE MADRID © Alberto J. Lorrio Universidad de Alicante Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1997 ISBN: 84-7908-335-2 Depósito Legal: MU-1.501-1997 Edición de: Compobell Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite reproducir, almacenar en sistemas de recuperación de la información ni transmitir alguna parte de esta publicación, cualquiera que sea el medio empleado –electrónico, mecánico, fotocopia, grabación, etc.–, sin el permiso previo de los titulares de los derechos de la propiedad intelectual. Estos créditos pertenecen a la edición impresa de la obra Edición electrónica: LOS CELTÍBEROS ALBERTO J. LORRIO II. Geografía en la Celtiberia Índice Portada Créditos II. Geografía de la Celtiberia . 5 1. Delimitación de la Celtiberia en la Hispania céltica . 5 1.1. Las fuentes literarias grecolatinas . 7 1.2. Las evidencias lingüísticas y epigráfi cas . 45 1.3. El registro arqueológico . 59 2. El marco geográfi co . 65 2.1. Orografía y red hidrográfi ca . 70 2.2. Clima . 84 2.3. Recursos . 89 Notas. 99 II. Geografía en la Celtiberia II. GEOGRAFÍA DE LA CELTIBERIA 1. DELIMITACIÓN DE LA CELTIBERIA EN LA HISPANIA CÉLTICA ara intentar defi nir el concepto de Celtiberia y abor- dar su delimitación geográfi ca resulta indispensable Plle var a cabo su análisis de manera conjunta con el resto de la Céltica hispana, en cuyo desarrollo los Celtíberos ju garon un papel esencial. Se trata de un tema sin duda geográfi co, pero sobre todo etno-cultural, por lo que resulta más complejo. Bá sicamente, las fuentes que permiten aproximarse al mis mo son los tex- tos clásicos, las evidencias lingüísticas y epigráfi cas y la Arqueología, a los que habría que añadir el Folclore, en el que se evidencia la perduración de ciertas tradiciones de supuesto origen céltico, aunque su valor para los estudios celtas esté aún por determinar. -
Palaeohispanica, 3
La versión original y completa de esta obra debe consultarse en: https://ifc.dpz.es/publicaciones/ebooks/id/2525 Esta obra está sujeta a la licencia CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Internacional de Creative Commons que determina lo siguiente: • BY (Reconocimiento): Debe reconocer adecuadamente la autoría, proporcionar un enlace a la licencia e indicar si se han realizado cambios. Puede hacerlo de cualquier manera razonable, pero no de una manera que sugiera que tiene el apoyo del licenciador o lo recibe por el uso que hace. • NC (No comercial): La explotación de la obra queda limitada a usos no comerciales. • ND (Sin obras derivadas): La autorización para explotar la obra no incluye la transformación para crear una obra derivada. Para ver una copia de esta licencia, visite https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc-nd/4.0/deed.es. PALAEOHISPANICA 3 REVISTA SOBRE LENGUAS Y CULTURAS DE LA HISPANIA ANTIGUA Consejo de Redacción: Director: Dr. Francisco Beltrán Lloris, Universidad de Zaragoza Secretario: Dr. Carlos Jordán Cólera, Universidad de Zaragoza Vocales: Dr. Xaverio Ballester, Universidad de Valencia Dr. Francisco Marco Simón, Universidad de Zaragoza Ayudante: Ldo. Borja Díaz Ariño, Universidad de Zaragoza Consejo Científico: Dr. Martín Almagro Gorbea, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Dr. Antonio Beltrán Martínez, Universidad de Zaragoza Dr. Miguel Beltrán Lloris, Museo de Zaragoza Dr. José María Blázquez Martínez, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Dr. Francisco Burillo Mozota, Universidad de Zaragoza Dr. José Antonio Correa Rodríguez, Universidad de Sevilla Dr. Jose D´Encarnação, Universidad de Coimbra, Portugal Dr. Javier De Hoz Bravo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Dr. Guillermo Fatás Cabeza, Universidad de Zaragoza Dra.