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Yurok Tribal Fall Fishery Monitoring, 2005

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Yurok Tribal Fall Fishery Monitoring, 2005 Yurok Tribal Fall Fishery Monitoring, 2005 Prepared By: Desma Williams Yurok Tribal Fisheries Program 15900 Highway 101 North, Klamath, CA 95548 April 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ........................ ....................... ........ .......................................... iii ABSTRACT .................................... .......................... ... .... .... ................................. 1 FORWARD ................................................................................................... ...... .. 2 NET HARVEST MONITORING PROGRAM .. ....................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION ............................................................... .. ...... .. ....................................... 4 METHODS ................................................... ....... .. ................................ ... .. .. .. .. .. ...... ....... .. 4 Season Structure ... ................................................... .. ....... ..... .. .................... ... .. .. ........ 6 Monitoring ... .... ..... ... .. ....... .. ... ..... ... .... .. ............................................... ........................ 6 Harvest Estimation........ .. ............................... .. ...... ..................................................... 7 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ... .. ......................................................................................... 9 Chinook .. ....... .. ... ............. .. ......... .. ................. .. ..... .... .... ........ .... .................... ............. .. 9 Coho .. ...... .... .. ........ .. ................... ........... .. ...................... ............................................ 10 Steelhead .................................. .. ... .. .. .................. ...... .... ........... .................. ... .... ........ 13 Green Sturgeon .. ........... .. ... .. .. .. ... ..... .... ............................................... .. ....... .. ........... 13 White Sturgeon ............................... :...... ............................ ........ ............... .. ... ............ J4 CODED-WIRE TAG INVESTIGATIONS ...................................... : ...................... 14 INTRODUCTION ... .. .......... ........... ............ ........... .. ... .................................. ...................... 14 METHODS ................................................................................. .. ................................... 14 RESULTS ..................................................................... .................................................. 15 Chinook ........... .. .. .................... .. ...... .. ... .. .. ............................. ... ................. ................ J5 Coho .. ............... ............................. .. ....... .. .... .......................... .. ... .. ............................ 17 Steelhead ..... ........ .. ... ...... .. ..................................... .. ......................... ...... .. ... .... .. ........ 17 REFERENCES .................... .... .................................. .................................... ... .. 18 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Figure 1. Map of the Klamath-Trinity River Basin accessible to anadromous fish .......... 3 Figure 2. Harvest monitoring areas on the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2005 ................. 5 Figure 3. Weekly estimates of Chinook salmon harvested from the three monitoring areas of the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2005 ...................................... ... .. .. ............ 10 Figure 4. Weekly estimates of coho salmon harvested from the three monitoring areas of the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2005 . ... ............. ....... ........................... .. .. .. ....... ...... 13 ii LIST OF TABLES Table Table 1. Estimated numbers of grilse and adult fall Chinook salmon harvested by tribal fishers on the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2005 ....................................................... 9 Table 2. Harvest of adult coho in Yurok fisheries, 1992 through 2006 ............ .. .. ...... ...... 11 Table 3. Estimates of coho salmon harvested on the Yurok Indian Reservation from 1984 to 2005 .............................................................................................................. 12 Table 4. Estimated number of steelhead harvested on the Yurok Indian Reservation during the fall monitoring season, 2005 ................................................................... 13 Table 5. Summary of Chinook sampling data collected on the Yurok Indian Reservation in fall 2005 ................................................................................................................ 15 Table 6. Actual and expanded coded-wire tag recoveries of fall run Chinook salmon harvested during 2005 on the Yurok Indian Reservation (# cwt = tags recovered, Samp = expanded for sampling, PM = expanded for sampling and production multiplier) ............................................. .................................................................... 16 Table 7. Coho sampling data collected during the 2005 fall fishery on the Yurok Indian Reservation ............................................................................................................... 17 Table 8. Summary of fin-clipped steelhead harvested during the 2005 fall monitoring season on the Yurok Indian Reservation ............................................. ............ .......... 17 iii ABSTRACT This report summarizes Yurok Tribal harvest of fall Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on the Yurok Tribal Reservation in the Klamath River Basin (Figure 1) from July 31 through December 18, 2005. During the 2005 fall fishery, an estimated 5,550 adult (as determined by scale age analysis) and 59 grilse fall-run Chinook salmon were harvested on the Yurok Indian Reservation. A total of321 adipose fin clipped Chinook were observed while sampling the harvest and 189 fall Chinook coded-wire tags were recovered, representing 21 hatchery groups. The fall coded-wire tags expanded to 2,479 Chinook, representing 44.2% of the fall harvest. In addition, an estimated 981 adult and 7 grilse coho salmon (0. kisutch), 383 adult and 28 half-pounder steelhead trout (0. mykiss), and 3 adult green sturgeon were harvested during the fall season. 1 FORWARD Uncounted generations of Yurok people have enjoyed the bounty ofthe Klamath River fisheries. The fisheries resource is an integral component of the Yurok way oflife; intertwined with cultural, ceremonial, sustenance and commercial aspects of Yurok existence. Traditionally, salmon were welcomed back to the river each year with the first fish ceremony. Fishing sites and the right to fish there were a form of wealth, and could be traded or used to pay debts. It has been estimated that pre-European Indians in the Klamath drainage consumed in excess of 2-million pounds of salmon (Hoptowit 1980). In addition to spring- and fall-run Chinook salmon, coho salmon, sturgeon, lamprey, steelhead, and eulachon have been valued by Yuroks since time immemorial. The Yurok Indian Reservation (YIR) encompasses land surrounding the lower Klamath and Trinity Rivers, from the mouth of the Klamath River at the Pacific Ocean, to 71 km upstream near the confluence where the Trinity enters the Klamath River (Figure 1). Reserved rights of the Yurok Tribe were ensured upon the creation of the original Klamath River Reservation in 1855, the creation of the Hoopa Square in 1864, and the extension of the Reservation in 1891. Those rights were confirmed in the Hoopa/Yurok Settlement Act of 1988 in which the Hoopa Valley Reservation was formally divided into the Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation and the Y urok Indian Reservation. The United States was aware of the Yurok Tribe's dependence on Klamath Basin fisheries resources and acted to protect the Tribe's ability to maintain a livelihood by creating the Reservation, reserving to the Yurok people the natural resources necessary to live and maintain their culture. The U.S. Department ofInterior directed the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Fisheries Assistance Office (F AO) in Arcata, California to begin monitoring the Tribal fishery in 1978. The FAO continued monitoring the fishery through 1993, with assistance from the Yurok Tribal Fisheries Program (YTFP) from 1992 -1993. The Yurok Tribe assumed full responsibility for monitoring the fishery in 1994. The Tribal fishery was regulated by the U.S. Department ofInterior, through the Bureau ofIndian Affairs (BIA), from the late 1970's until 1996. In June of 1996, the Yurok Tribal Council adopted the Yurok Tribal Fishing Rights Ordinance (FRO), which regulates fishing by Tribal members on the Reservation, and assumed full responsibility for regulating the Tribal fishery. The YTFP has experienced rapid growth since the program was formally organized in 1994. In addition to the harvest management division, the YTFP now has a biological and habitat monitoring division, a restoration division and a water rights protection division. At times, more than a dozen biologists, three geologists and 60 technicians work for the YTFP; conducting management, monitoring, assessment, restoration and research activities. 2 Iron Gate Dam Iron Gate Hatchery Beaver Creek Trinity River Junction City •I Weir Trinity River Hatchery South Fork Trinity River H '=' o 5 10 20 30 40 50 California kilometers Figure 1. Map of the Klamath-Trinity River Basin accessible to anadromous
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