Yurok Tribal Fall Fishery Monitoring, 2005

Prepared By: Desma Williams Tribal Fisheries Program 15900 Highway 101 North, Klamath, CA 95548

April 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

LIST OF TABLES ...... iii

ABSTRACT ...... 1

FORWARD ...... 2

NET HARVEST MONITORING PROGRAM ...... 4

INTRODUCTION ...... 4

METHODS ...... 4 Season Structure ...... 6 Monitoring ...... 6 Harvest Estimation...... 7 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...... 9 Chinook ...... 9 Coho ...... 10 Steelhead ...... 13 Green Sturgeon ...... 13 White Sturgeon ...... :...... J4 CODED-WIRE TAG INVESTIGATIONS ...... : ...... 14

INTRODUCTION ...... 14

METHODS ...... 14

RESULTS ...... 15 Chinook ...... J5 Coho ...... 17 Steelhead ...... 17 REFERENCES ...... 18 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure

Figure 1. Map of the Klamath-Trinity River Basin accessible to anadromous fish ...... 3

Figure 2. Harvest monitoring areas on the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2005 ...... 5

Figure 3. Weekly estimates of Chinook salmon harvested from the three monitoring areas of the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2005 ...... 10

Figure 4. Weekly estimates of coho salmon harvested from the three monitoring areas of the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2005 ...... 13

ii LIST OF TABLES

Table

Table 1. Estimated numbers of grilse and adult fall Chinook salmon harvested by tribal fishers on the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2005 ...... 9

Table 2. Harvest of adult coho in Yurok fisheries, 1992 through 2006 ...... 11

Table 3. Estimates of coho salmon harvested on the Yurok Indian Reservation from 1984 to 2005 ...... 12

Table 4. Estimated number of steelhead harvested on the Yurok Indian Reservation during the fall monitoring season, 2005 ...... 13

Table 5. Summary of Chinook sampling data collected on the Yurok Indian Reservation in fall 2005 ...... 15

Table 6. Actual and expanded coded-wire tag recoveries of fall run Chinook salmon harvested during 2005 on the Yurok Indian Reservation (# cwt = tags recovered, Samp = expanded for sampling, PM = expanded for sampling and production multiplier) ...... 16

Table 7. Coho sampling data collected during the 2005 fall fishery on the Yurok Indian Reservation ...... 17

Table 8. Summary of fin-clipped steelhead harvested during the 2005 fall monitoring season on the Yurok Indian Reservation ...... 17

iii ABSTRACT

This report summarizes Yurok Tribal harvest of fall Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on the Yurok Tribal Reservation in the Basin (Figure 1) from July 31 through December 18, 2005.

During the 2005 fall fishery, an estimated 5,550 adult (as determined by scale age analysis) and 59 grilse fall-run Chinook salmon were harvested on the Yurok Indian Reservation. A total of321 adipose fin clipped Chinook were observed while sampling the harvest and 189 fall Chinook coded-wire tags were recovered, representing 21 hatchery groups. The fall coded-wire tags expanded to 2,479 Chinook, representing 44.2% of the fall harvest.

In addition, an estimated 981 adult and 7 grilse coho salmon (0. kisutch), 383 adult and 28 half-pounder steelhead trout (0. mykiss), and 3 adult green sturgeon were harvested during the fall season.

1 FORWARD

Uncounted generations of Yurok people have enjoyed the bounty ofthe Klamath River fisheries. The fisheries resource is an integral component of the Yurok way oflife; intertwined with cultural, ceremonial, sustenance and commercial aspects of Yurok existence. Traditionally, salmon were welcomed back to the river each year with the first fish ceremony. Fishing sites and the right to fish there were a form of wealth, and could be traded or used to pay debts. It has been estimated that pre-European Indians in the Klamath drainage consumed in excess of 2-million pounds of salmon (Hoptowit 1980). In addition to spring- and fall-run Chinook salmon, coho salmon, sturgeon, lamprey, steelhead, and eulachon have been valued by since time immemorial.

The Yurok Indian Reservation (YIR) encompasses land surrounding the lower Klamath and Trinity Rivers, from the mouth of the Klamath River at the Pacific Ocean, to 71 km upstream near the confluence where the Trinity enters the Klamath River (Figure 1). Reserved rights of the Yurok Tribe were ensured upon the creation of the original Klamath River Reservation in 1855, the creation of the Hoopa Square in 1864, and the extension of the Reservation in 1891. Those rights were confirmed in the Hoopa/Yurok Settlement Act of 1988 in which the Hoopa Valley Reservation was formally divided into the Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation and the Y urok Indian Reservation. The was aware of the Yurok Tribe's dependence on Klamath Basin fisheries resources and acted to protect the Tribe's ability to maintain a livelihood by creating the Reservation, reserving to the Yurok people the natural resources necessary to live and maintain their culture.

The U.S. Department ofInterior directed the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Fisheries Assistance Office (F AO) in Arcata, to begin monitoring the Tribal fishery in 1978. The FAO continued monitoring the fishery through 1993, with assistance from the Yurok Tribal Fisheries Program (YTFP) from 1992 -1993. The Yurok Tribe assumed full responsibility for monitoring the fishery in 1994. The Tribal fishery was regulated by the U.S. Department ofInterior, through the Bureau ofIndian Affairs (BIA), from the late 1970's until 1996. In June of 1996, the Yurok Tribal Council adopted the Yurok Tribal Fishing Rights Ordinance (FRO), which regulates fishing by Tribal members on the Reservation, and assumed full responsibility for regulating the Tribal fishery.

The YTFP has experienced rapid growth since the program was formally organized in 1994. In addition to the harvest management division, the YTFP now has a biological and habitat monitoring division, a restoration division and a water rights protection division. At times, more than a dozen biologists, three geologists and 60 technicians work for the YTFP; conducting management, monitoring, assessment, restoration and research activities.

2 Iron Gate Dam Iron Gate Hatchery

Beaver Creek

Trinity River Junction City •I Weir Trinity River Hatchery

South Fork Trinity River

H '=' o 5 10 20 30 40 50 California kilometers

Figure 1. Map of the Klamath-Trinity River Basin accessible to anadromous fish

3 NET HARVEST MONITORING PROGRAM

Introduction

The Harvest Management Division of the YTFP is responsible for monitoring the Yurok fisheries. In addition to collecting data for estimating the harvest of several species, monitors also record biological data such as length and weight, and collect scale samples (used for aging and genetic studies), and snouts from adipose-fin clipped (ad-clip) salmon for recovering coded-wire tags (CWT).

This report summarizes the Yurok Tribal fishery during the fall monitoring season in 2005. The Yurok allocation for fall Chinook during 2005 was 6,640 adults. There was no commercial fishery.

Methods

Net harvest monitoring data was collected and compiled from three contiguous areas (Estuary, Middle Klamath and Upper Klamath) of the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2005 (Figure 2). The Estuary area extends from the mouth of the Klamath River to the U.S. Highway 101 Bridge (rkm 0 to 6). The Middle Klamath area begins at the Highway 101 Bridge and continues upriver to Surpur Creek (rkm 33). The Upper Klamath area contains the eastern-most portion of the Reservation from Surpur Creek to the Reservation boundary just upstream from the confluence of the Trinity River (rkm 70), including the lower mile of the Trinity River which is within the Yurok Reservation. The three monitoring areas are used as separate management zones to facilitate allocation of the fall Chinook harvest throughout the Reservation.

Grilse (age-2 salmon) were initially estimated using a fork length of < 51 cm. The preliminary grilse/adult length cutoffs were obtained from the Klamath River Technical Advisory Team (KRTAT) age composition database, using the respective length­ frequency histogram combined with age data from CWTs and scale samples. A nadir, or range of low frequency, is identified on the histogram. Age data from scale analysis and CWT recoveries are examined from fish with fork lengths within and just beyond the nadir range. The grilse cutoff length is set where the number of 2-year old fish above that cutoff equals the number of 3-year old fish below. The final grilse proportion is determined during the age composition analysis, when the scale ages and fork lengths are examined and it is determined if the preliminary cutoff is reasonable. In 2005, the cutoff was discarded and the proportion of fish aged as 2' s was used for the grilse proportion.

The juvenile cutoff length for steelhead was set at a standard 17 inches and did not incorporate age data from scale analysis or length frequency analysis. Sturgeon were assumed juvenile if they are less than 130 cm total length.

4 Terwer Creek

Estuary Area

Scale I I ! I ! o 2 4 6 B 10 Kilometers

•••.•••..•.. Monitoring Boundaries

Tarup Creek Klamath River c co Q) Middle o Blue Creek o Klamath o Area -.:: '(3 co a..

Surpur Creek

Upper Cappell Creek Klamath Area

Tully Creek ...... Ir--.-:'::'••:..:.. ••,...... Trinity River ----

Figure 2. Harvest monitoring areas on the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2005.

5 Season Structure

Beginning in 1996, Yurok Tribal fisheries were managed by the Tribe under authorization of the FRO. These regulations are supplemented each year by a Fall Harvest Management Plan (HMP), which primarily manages adult fall Chinook by dividing the Yurok allocation between the three management areas, and providing for conservation closures as needed to assure that individual subbasin stocks of Chinook are not overharvested (Appendix A). The HMP also provides a conservation closure starting in late September to protect coho salmon, which have been listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Additional in-season adjustments (Appendix B) modified or activated sections of the HMP.

Monitoring

Yurok Tribal fishers were contacted at their boats, riverside camps or at area boat landings. Attempts to contact tribal fishers at their residence were often made at a later time if they could not be located at the river. Information obtained included the number of each species caught, the number of nets fished, and for the Estuary fall fishery, the number of hours each net was fished. River surveys in the Upper and Middle Klamath were scheduled to coincide with hours when fishers typically checked their nets. Surveys were conducted throughout the day in the Estuary. Whenever possible, individual fish were examiped for tags, fin clips, hook scars and damage from predators, including pinniped, otter and lamprey. Snouts were collected from ad-clipped salmon for subsequent CWT recovery and identification. Salmonid fork lengths (FL) were measured to the nearest centimeter and scales were removed for age analysis. Fish that had not yet been gutted were weighed to the nearest pound.

Estuary Area: Beginning on July 31, 2005 total net counts were conducted every two hours during peak fishing (7:00 a.m. through 1 :00 the following morning), and the fishery was monitored every day fishing was allowed. Fishers were interviewed to obtain information on the number of each species caught, the number of nets fished and the number of hours each net was fished.

Middle Klamath Area: The fishery was monitored most days fishing was allowed. To monitor the set net fishery, a total net count was conducted by boat over the entire section of river after dark. The following morning, the crew contacted fishers and sampled the set net harvest. To monitor the drift net fishery, total net counts were conducted by boat between 8:00 p.m. and 1 :00 a.m., when drift netting typically occurs. The harvest was sampled either that evening or the following morning.

Upper Klamath Area: The sampling methodologies for set and drift net fisheries were the same as in the Middle Klamath area.

6 Harvest Estimation

Fall fishery harvest estimates were composed of two components for each area and net type: effort and catch per unit of effort (CPUE). Highly variable effort in the Estuary requires that sampling methods differ from those used in the Upper and Middle Klamath areas.

Estuary

During the peak of the fall Chinook run, the Estuary receives high fishing effort that can fluctuate dramatically with the tidal cycle. To sample this effort, net counts were conducted every two hours during peak fishing times and sampling was conducted every day the fishery was open. Each day was stratified into two 12-hour periods (7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m., and 7:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.), with independent harvest estimates determined for each period, prior to summation into an estimated daily harvest.

As net counts in the Estuary were not made every hour, the total net-hours fished were estimated by doubling the bi-hourly net counts. When bi-hourly counts were not made during slack fishing times, the missing counts were estimated by averaging the nearest counts.

CPUE for each species was determined for each 12-hour period and net type. This estimate was based upon net hours sampled from contacted fishers. Unseen data from reliable sources was included in the sample data.

Estimates of daily catch for each species were calculated by multiplying the CPUE by the estimated number of net-hours for each 12-hour period and net type.

Middle and Upper Klamath

Within the Middle and Upper Klamath areas, effort for each net type was determined by taking a daily count of nets fished within each area. The unit of effort in the CPUE estimate represents one net-day, defined as a net that has been fished, for any length of time, within a 24-hour day.

Effort was estimated for unmonitored days. If the unmonitored day was Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday or Friday, a simple average was calculated from the remainder of those four days that were monitored.

The estimate of effort for an unmonitored Monday was 2/3 the average effort from monitored days between Tuesday and Friday of the same week. The decrease in effort occurs because of the 8-hour Monday gill net closure, which in past years has resulted in lower effort on Mondays.

7 If the non-monitored day was Saturday or Sunday, estimated effort was equal to effort of the adjacent weekend day. On rare occasions when both weekend days were not monitored, effort was estimated by averaging the effort from monitored weekend days prior to and subsequent to the weekend in question.

When the fishery was monitored and sufficient nets were contacted, CPUE estimates were calculated from daily sample data only. On days the fishery was not monitored or insufficient data was collected on a monitored day, the CPUE estimate was calculated using data from monitored days around the day in question. Data was considered sufficient if at least 5 nets were sampled or a minimum of 70% of the effort when effort was less than eight nets.

Estimates of daily catch for each species were calculated by multiplying the CPUE by the estimated number of net-days for each net type.

8 Results and Discussion

Chinook

Harvest Overview

An estimated 6,244 Chinook were harvested on the Yurok Indian Reservation during the fall season in 2005. CWTs recovered from harvested Chinook, indicated that both spring and fall Chinook entered the estuary during the first three weeks of August in the Estuary and Middle Klamath and first four weeks in the Upper Klamath. In 2005, 27.6% (635) of the estimated spring Chinook harvested were captured during the fall monitoring period, which began July 31. The component of fall Chinook entering the river during the week starting July 31 in the lower areas was estimated to be 0%, followed by 13.1 %, and 78.4% during subsequent weeks. The fall Chinook component in the Upper Klamath was 0%, 14.4%,8.9%, and 37.2% for the first weeks of the fall season. An estimated 5,601 (98.9%) of the fall Chinook were adult (determined by scale aging) and 60 (1.1 %) were grilse (Table 1). The majority of the fall Chinook harvest (50.9%) occurred in the Upper Klamath, followed by the Estuary (40.8%) and the Middle Klamath (8.3%) areas.

The peak week of fall Chinook harvest occurred during the week starting September 4 (Figure 3). The last Chinook was seen on October 29 in the Upper Klamath.

Table 1. Estimated numbers of grilse and adult fall Chinook salmon harvested by tribal fishers on the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2005.

Grilse Adult Total Area Sampled Number Number Number %of % % Harvested Harvested Harvested Harvest

Estuary 22 0.9 2,287 99.1 2,309 4l.2

Middle 5 l.1 412 98.9 416 7.4 Klamath Upper 33 1.1 2,851 98.9 2,884 5l.4 Klamath Total 59 l.1 5,550 98.9 5609 All Areas

9 1,600 o Spring Chinook 1,400 • Upper Klamath 1,200 !'II Middle Klamath • Estuary ""C Q) 1,000 (j) Q) 2: 800 C1l I ~ 0 600 0 :.cc () 400

200

0 7/31 8/7 8/14 8/21 8/28 9/4 9/11 9/18 9/25 10/2 10/9 10/16 10/23 Week Beginning

Figure 3. Weekly estimates of Chinook salmon harvested from the three monitoring areas of the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2005.

Coho

Harvest Historical Yurok Tribal harv~st of adult coho salmon has ranged from 25 to 2,445 fish per year since 1992, and averaged 655 fish (Table 2). Estimates are not reliable for the Yurok harvest of coho salmon prior to 1992, because the fishery was only monitored during the beginning of the run.

Current An estimated 988 coho salmon were harvested in the Yurok Tribal Fishery during 2005, 981 (99.3%) of which were estimated to be adults (2:51 cm) and 7 grilse (0.7%) (Table 3). The majority of the harvest occurred in the Estuary, where 737 (75.2%) adult coho were captured, followed by the Upper Klamath area with 193 (19.7%) coho harvested, and the Middle Klamath area with 51 harvested. Harvest peaked during late September and early October (Figure 4).

10 Table 2. Harvest of adult coho in Yurok fisheries, 1992 through 2006.

Year Estuary Middle Klamath Upper Klamath Total 1992 24 76 22 122 1993 No breakdown available 1,168 1994 11 0 14 25 1995 559 26 241 826 1996 518 63 154 735 1997 36 23 9 68 1998 61 15 94 170 1999 140 12 83 235 2000 48 44 93 2001 1,698 122 625 2,445 2002 360 15 116 491 2003 209 81 55 345 2004 1,289 41 206 1,537 2005 737 51 193 981 2006 312 131 143 586 Average 429 47 143 655

11 Table 3. Estimates of coho salmon harvested on the Yurok Indian Reservation from 1984 to 2005.

Year Grilse % Adult % Total 1984 39 9.8 360 90.2 399 1985 49 2.5 1,894 97.5 1,943 1986 9 5.2 163 94.8 172 1987 31 3.3 904 96.7 935 1988 15 2.6 573 97.4 588 1989 14 2.7 511 97.3 525 1990 5 1.3 377 98.7 382 1991 0 0.0 391 100.0 391 1992 8 6.2 122 93.8 130 1993 2 0.2 1,164 99.8 1,166 1994 2 7.4 25 92.6 27 1995 3 0.4 826 99.6 829 1996 11 1.5 735 98.5 745 1997 3 4.8 68 95.2 71 1998 7 3.7 170 96.3 176 1999 2 1.0 235 99.0 238 2000 20 17.4 94 82.6 113 2001 3 0.1 2,445 99.9 2,447 2002 2 0.5 491 99.5 493 2003 8 2.1 345 97.9 352 2004 33 2.1 1,537 97.9 1,569 2005 7 0.7 981 99.3 988 2006 2 0.3 586.2 99.7 588 Average 12 652 664

12 300

• Upper Klamath 250 IT:iI Middle Klamath • Estuary 200 en Q) ~ 150 III I

100

8/14 8/21 8/28 9/4 9/11 9/18 9/25 10/2 10/9 10/16 10/23

Week Beginning

Figure 4. Weekly estimates of coho salmon harvested from the three monitoring areas of the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2005.

Steelhead

An estimated 383 adult steelhead (2: 43 cm) and 28 "half -pounder" steelhead were harvested on the Yurok Indian Reservation during the 2005 fall monitoring season (Table 4). The majority of harvested steelhead (84.4%) were captured in the Estuary, followed by the Upper Klamath area (12.0%) and Middle Klamath (3.6%) areas.

Table 4. Estimated number of steelhead harvested on the Yurok Indian Reservation during the fall monitoring season, 2005.

Adult Half-Pounder Total % of Harvest

Estuary 324 24 348 84.4

Middle Klamath 14 15 3.6

Upper Klamath 46 3 49 12.0

Total 383 28 412 100.0

Green Sturgeon

An estimated three green sturgeon were harvested on the Yurok Indian Reservation during the 2005 fall monitoring season. one in the Estuary area, the others in the Upper

13 Klamath area. No green sturgeon were harvested in the Middle Klamath area during fall season. All green sturgeon were harvested using set nets.

White Sturgeon

No white sturgeon were harvested during the fall season of2005.

CODED-WIRE TAG INVESTIGATIONS

Introduction

The use of CWTs on Pacific salmonids enables hatchery managers to evaluate the success or failure of various rearing and release strategies. CWT recovery information also allows fishery harvest managers to assess the contribution of different stocks to ocean and in-river fisheries, enables the reconstruction of cohorts, and is valuable for determining the extent that hatchery stocks utilize natural areas for spawning.

Methods

While conducting harvest-monitoring operations on the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2004, monitoring personnel collected snouts from ad-clipped Chinook and coho salmon. CWTs from the field samples were recovered from salmon snouts with the aid of a magnetic detector and decoded under a dissecting scope. Recovery data for each CWT code were expanded to estimate contribution to the harvest by time and area (sampling expansion). The sampling expansion adjusts for that portion of the harvest not sampled, the non-recovery of snouts from observed ad-clipped fish, and tags lost during dissection. The sampling expansion factor varies by sampling area and time period, and is the product ofthree ratios:

1) Sampling Ratio Estimated Harvest Number ofFish Examined for Ad-Clips

2) Head Recovery Ratio = Number of Ad-Clipped Fish Observed Number of Heads Recovered

3) Lost Tag Ratio Number of Heads with Tags Number of Tags Decoded

A second expansion accounts for the fish in a release group that were not tagged. The production multiplier is calculated by dividing the total number of fish in a release group by the number oftagged fish, and is unique to and constant for each tag code (release group).

14 Results

Chinook

Run timing of spring and fall Chinook overlapped the first four weeks of the fall season (July 31 - August 27), based on CWT. During this period, 1,400 Chinook (spring and fall) were harvested, of which 635 were estimated to be spring-run. Examination for ad­ clips was conducted on 3,967 Chinook, with 321 ad-clips observed and 280 snouts collected (Table 5). CWTs were decoded from 248 Chinook, of which 189 (72.7%) were determined to be fall-run and 58 (22.3%) spring-run. One tag was from a Columbia River stray, two tags were lost, and 10 were unreadable.

Of the 5,609 fall-run Chinook harvested during 2005,2,479 fall Chinook salmon were estimated to be from 21 coded wire tag groups; representing 44.2% of the fall Chinook harvest. The fall Chinook tag codes recovered represented 5 fingerling and 7 yearling fall Chinook groups released from Iron Gate Hatchery (IGH) and 6 fingerling and 3 yearling fall Chinook groups from Trinity River Hatchery (TRH) (Table 6).

Table 5. Summary of Chinook sampling data collected on the Yurok Indian Reservation in fall 2005. Middle Upper Estuary Total Klamath Klamath

Estimated Harvest 2,589 431 3,224 6,244 (JuI31- Dec 18) Fall-run Chinook Harvest 2,309 416 2,884 5,609

# Examined for Clips 1,521 202 2,244 3,967

Observed Ad-clips 153 21 147 321

Collected Snouts 139 17 124 280

Total Tags Recovered 129 16 115 260

Fall Tags Recovered 93 12 84 189

CWTLost 1 0 1 2

CWT Unreadable 4 3 3 10

No Tags 10 9 20

15 Table 6. Actual and expanded coded-wire tag recoveries of fall run Chinook salmon harvested during 2005 on the Yurok Indian Reservation (# cwt = tags recovered. Sarnp = exoanded for sampline:. PM = expanded for samoline: and production multiolier). Estuary Middle Klamath Upper Klamath Total Brood Hatchery of Release Tag Code Year Origin! Type2 3 3 3 # cwt I Samp I PM # cwt I Samp I PM 3 # cwt I Samp I PM # cwt I Samp I PM 06-01-02-03-05 00 IGH F 3 51 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 51 06-01-02-03-07 00 IGH F 3 113 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 113 06-01-02-04-04 02 IGH F 2 4 66 0 0 0 2 4 73 4 8 139 06-01-02-04-05 02 IGH F 3 7 120 0 0 0 1 2 35 4 9 156 06-01-02 -04-06 02 IGH F 1 3 86 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 86 06-63-53 00 IGH Y 1 2 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 15 06-63-54 00 IGH Y 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 14 1 2 14 06-63-55 01 IGH Y 10 23 214 2 8 78 8 14 131 20 45 423 06-63-56 01 IGH Y 3 7 70 0 0 0 6 10 110 9 17 180 06-63-57 01 FICrk Y 6 14 138 2 6 55 2 3 27 10 22 220 06-63-58 02 IGH Y 2 3 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 33 06-63-59 02 IGH Y 3 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 29 06-52-68 00 TRH F 1 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 6 06-52-80 00 TRH Y 2 4 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 14 06-52-86 01 TRH F 0 0 0 1 2 7 0 0 0 1 2 7 06-52-89 01 TRH Y 14 22 89 2 8 33 25 46 185 41 76 307 06-52-98 02 TRH F 15 29 120 3 11 15 28 114 31 60 246 06-52-99 02 TRH F 8 13 54 2 7 6 12 48 15 27 109 06-53-06 02 TRH F 6 11 46 2 7 6 12 49 13 25 102 06-53-07 02 TRH F 5 8 32 2 7 2 4 17 8 14 57 06-53-09 02 TRH Y 11 18 71 6 26 10 19 77 22 43 174 Tags Decoded 93 176 1,365 12 38 232 84 156 881 189 370 2,479 Lost/unreadable Tag 5 9 9 3 10 10 4 7 7 12 26 26 No Tag 10 19 19 1 2 2 9 18 18 20 39 39 Total 98 185 1374 15 48 242 88 163 888 201 396 2,505 1 IGH - Iron Gate Hatchery 2 Y - Yearling: October - November Release TRH - Trinity River Hatchery F - Fingerling: March - June Release FI Crk - Fall Creek Ponds 3 "no tags", "unreadable tags", and "lost tags" are not eXEanded for Eroduction multiElier

16 Of the 753 coho salmon examined for clips during the 2005 fall season, ad-clips were observed on 4, left maxillary clips were observed on 55 fish, and right maxillary clips were observed on 498 (Table 7). Two additional fish had both right maxillary and left pectoral clips. The origins of the ad-clipped coho are unknown. All coho salmon released from IGH receive left maxillary clips and those released from TRH receive right maxillary clips. Snouts are not collected from maxillary-clipped coho, as they are not tagged.

Table 7. Coho sampling data collected during the 2005 fall fishery on the Yurok Indian Reservation. Middle Estuary Upper Klamath Total Klamath Estimate Harvest 742 51 195 988

# Examined for Clips 567 27 159 753

Right Max-clips 376 11 III 498

Left Max-clips 47 0 8 55

Ad-clips 4 0 0 4

Right Max, Right 2 0 0 2 Pectoral-clips

Snouts Collected 3 0 0 3

Steelhead

Fin clips were observed on 85 of270 (31.5%) steelhead trout examined for clips during the fall season. Results are displayed in Table 8. Scale samples were collected from 269 sampled fish.

Table 8. Summary of fin-clipped steelhead harvested during the 2005 fall monitoring season on the Yurok Indian Reservation.

Fin Clip Length Range (cm) Mean Length (cm) Sample Size

Adipose 30 - 93 67.9 83 Right Maxillary 62 - 69 65.5 2

17 REFERENCES

Hoptowit, D. R. 1980. Klamath-Trinity salmon restoration project final report. California Resources Agency. Sacramento, California. 92 pp.

18