DOCSLIB.ORG

Classical Civilization Edited by Graham Shipley, John Vanderspoel, David Mattingly and Lin Foxhall Frontmatter More Information

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Classical Civilization Edited by Graham Shipley, John Vanderspoel, David Mattingly and Lin Foxhall Frontmatter More Information Cambridge University Press 0521483131 - The Cambridge Dictionary of Classical Civilization Edited by Graham Shipley, John Vanderspoel, David Mattingly and Lin Foxhall Frontmatter More information The Cambridge Dictionary of Classical Civilization © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521483131 - The Cambridge Dictionary of Classical Civilization Edited by Graham Shipley, John Vanderspoel, David Mattingly and Lin Foxhall Frontmatter More information The Cambridge Dictionary of Classical Civilization edited by GRAHAM SHIPLEY JOHN VANDERSPOEL DAVID MATTINGLY LIN FOXHALL Advisory Editors SUSANNA BRAUND AVERIL CAMERON HELENE FOLEY DAVID FURLEY NATALIE BOYMEL KAMPEN BERYL RAWSON DAVID SEDLEY RICHARD SORABJI ROGER WILSON © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521483131 - The Cambridge Dictionary of Classical Civilization Edited by Graham Shipley, John Vanderspoel, David Mattingly and Lin Foxhall Frontmatter More information CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, NewYork, Melbourne, Madrid, CapeTown, Singapore, Sa‹ oPaulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, NewYork www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521483131 ß Cambridge University Press 2006 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2006 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN-13 978-0-521-48313-1 hardback ISBN-10 0-521-48313-1 hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521483131 - The Cambridge Dictionary of Classical Civilization Edited by Graham Shipley, John Vanderspoel, David Mattingly and Lin Foxhall Frontmatter More information Contents List of contributors page vi Editors’preface xv Acknowledgements xvii How to use this book xviii Classified list of headwords xxi Headwords not covered in the Oxford Classical Dictionary xxxii Some technical terms xxxv List of abbreviations xliii Dictionary entries A^Z 1 Sources and acknowledgements for figures 963 v © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521483131 - The Cambridge Dictionary of Classical Civilization Edited by Graham Shipley, John Vanderspoel, David Mattingly and Lin Foxhall Frontmatter More information Contributors To enable the reader to identify authors fromthe initials appended to entries, names are here ordered, first by final initial, then by first initial, second initial, and so on. Authors with hyphenated surnames are therefore ordered by final initial, not by the first letter of their surname. CA C ATHERINE A THERTON University of California Los Angeles CEPA C OLIN E. P. ADAMS University of Liverpool GSA G REGORY S. ALDRETE University of Wisconsin, Green Bay JJA J EAN-JACQUES A UBERT Universite¤de Neucha“ tel JKA J. K. AITKEN University of Reading KWA K.W.ARAFAT King’s College London SEA S USAN E. ALCOCK Brown University TJA T ANA J. ALLEN Memorial University of Newfoundland AB A NDREW B ARKER University of Birmingham AJLB A LASTAIR J. L. BLANSHARD University of Sydney CGB C HRISTOPHER G. BROWN University of Western Ontario CK-B C LARE F. K ELLY-BLAZEBY University of Leicester DJB D. J. BLACKMAN Oxford HB H UGH B OWDEN King’s College London KB K AI B RODERSEN Universita«t Mannheim MB M ARIA B ROSIUS University of Newcastle uponTyne PA B PATRICIA A. BAKER University of Kent at Canterbury PMB P HILIP B EAGON Hulme Grammar School for Girls, Manchester vi © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521483131 - The Cambridge Dictionary of Classical Civilization Edited by Graham Shipley, John Vanderspoel, David Mattingly and Lin Foxhall Frontmatter More information Contributors RSB R OGER S. BAGNALL Columbia University SB S USANNA B RAUND Stanford University SMB S TANLEY M. BURSTEIN California State University, Los Angeles ASEC S IMON E SMONDE C LEARY University of Birmingham CC C RAIG C OOPER University of Winnipeg GC G ILLIAN C LARK University of Bristol GLC G ORDON C AMPBELL National University of Ireland, Maynooth JBC B RIAN C AMPBELL The Queen’s University of Belfast JCNC J ON C OULSTON University of St Andrews JDC D UNCAN C LOUD University of Leicester JRCC R OBERT C OUSLAND University of British Columbia KMC K ATHLEEN C OLEMAN Harvard University MJC M ICHAEL J. CARTER Brock University NJC N EIL C HRISTIE University of Leicester PAC PAUL C ARTLEDGE University of Cambridge RBC R. BERTOLI¤N C EBRIA¤N University of Calgary RIC R OBERT I. CURTIS University of Georgia SC S ARAH C URRIE Ashtead, UK AD A NDREW D ALBY St.Coutant,Deux-Se'vres, France DD D AV I D D UNGWORTH English Heritage ED E MMA D ENCH Birkbeck College, University of London HD H AZEL D ODGE Trinity College Dublin JDD J OHN D ILLERY University of Virginia JKD J OHN K. DAV I ES University of Liverpool vii © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521483131 - The Cambridge Dictionary of Classical Civilization Edited by Graham Shipley, John Vanderspoel, David Mattingly and Lin Foxhall Frontmatter More information Contributors SD S UZANNE D IXON Brisbane, Australia SLD S TEPHEN D YSON State University of NewYork at Buffalo HE H ELLA E CKARDT University of Reading HWE H UGH E LTON British Institute at Ankara MJE M ICHAEL J. EDWARDS Queen Mary, University of London BWF B RUCE W. F RIER University of Michigan CMF C OLIN F ORCEY Portsmouth DJF D AV I D F URLEY Princeton University GF G EORGE F ERZOCO University of Leicester HAF H AMISH F ORBES University of Nottingham HPF H ELENE P. FOLEY Barnard College, Columbia University LF L IN F OXHALL University of Leicester PWF P EDAR W. F OSS DePauw University REF R EBECCA F LEMMING King’s College London AG A LAN M. GREAVES University of Liverpool DWJG D AV I D G ILL University of Wales Swansea KG K EVIN G REENE University of Newcastle uponTyne MDG M ARTIN G OODMAN University of Oxford MG M ONICA G ALE Trinity College Dublin MJG M ARTIN G OALEN Academy Projects LLP,London PMG P ETER G REEN University of Texas at Austin AMH A NGELA M. HEAP Cambridge CH C HRISTOPHER H OWGEGO Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford JH J ANET H USKINSON The Open University viii © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521483131 - The Cambridge Dictionary of Classical Civilization Edited by Graham Shipley, John Vanderspoel, David Mattingly and Lin Foxhall Frontmatter More information Contributors JRH J. R. HUME University of Calgary KH K ENNETH W. H ARL Tulane University LAH L ISA A. HUGHES University of Calgary MDH M ARK H UMPHRIES National University of Ireland, Maynooth MEH M ARY H ARLOW University of Birmingham MHH M OGENS H ERMAN H ANSEN Copenhagen Polis Centre PRH P HILIP H ARDIE Corpus Christi College, Oxford RBH R. BRUCE H ITCHNER Tufts University, Medford, Mass. RJH J IM H ANKINSON University of Texas at Austin TH T AMAR H ODOS University of Bristol TNH T HOMAS H ABINEK University of Southern California VDH V ICTOR D AV I S H ANSON The Hoover Institute, Stanford University WH WALDEMAR H ECKEL University of Calgary AJ A NTON G. JANSEN Brock University LL- J L LOYD L LEWELLYN-JONES University of Edinburgh MHJ yM. H. JAMESON Stanford University MJ M ARK J OYAL University of Manitoba RLJ R. L. JUDSON Christ Church, Oxford RPD- J R. P.DUNCAN-JONES Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge CSK C. S. KRAUS Yale University DLK D AV I D K ENNEDY University of Western Australia DPK D ENNIS K EHOE Tulane University HK H ELEN K ING University of Reading IK I OANNA K RALLI Hellenic Open University ix © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521483131 - The Cambridge Dictionary of Classical Civilization Edited by Graham Shipley, John Vanderspoel, David Mattingly and Lin Foxhall Frontmatter More information Contributors LK L AW R E N C E K EPPIE Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow MK M ARC K LEIJWEGT University of Wisconsin ^Madison NBK N ATALIE B OYMEL K AMPEN Barnard College, Columbia University BML B. M. LEVICK St Hilda’s College, Oxford JDeL J ANET D E L AINE University of Reading KL K ATHRYN L OMAS Institute of Archaeology, University College London RJL R OGER L ING University of Manchester RL R AY L AURENCE University of Birmingham DJM D AV I D J. MATTINGLY University of Leicester EACM E IREANN M ARSHALL Open University FMM F IONA M C H ARDY University of Roehampton HBM H AROLD M ATTINGLY Cambridge IM I AN M ORRIS Stanford University JDM J. D. MUHLY University of Pennsylvania JM J USTIN J. MEGGITT University of Cambridge KM K IERAN M C G ROARTY National University of Ireland, Maynooth LGM LYNETTE G. MITCHELL University of Exeter MDM M ARK M ONAGHAN Glasgow MLM M ICHELLE L. MANN University of Leicester MM M ARK M UNN Pennsylvania State University PJEM P HILIP J. E. MILLS University of Leicester WHM W. H . M ANNING Cardiff University WMM W ILLIAM M. MURRAY University of South Florida HSN H ANNE S IGISMUND N IELSEN University of Calgary x © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521483131 - The Cambridge Dictionary of Classical Civilization Edited by Graham Shipley, John Vanderspoel, David Mattingly and Lin Foxhall Frontmatter More information Contributors LCN L ISA C.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Queen Arsinoë II, the Maritime Aphrodite and Early Ptolemaic Ruler Cult
    ΑΡΣΙΝΟΗ ΕΥΠΛΟΙΑ Queen Arsinoë II, the Maritime Aphrodite and Early Ptolemaic Ruler Cult Carlos Francis Robinson Bachelor of Arts (Hons. 1) A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2019 Historical and Philosophical Inquiry Abstract Queen Arsinoë II, the Maritime Aphrodite and Early Ptolemaic Ruler Cult By the early Hellenistic period a trend was emerging in which royal women were deified as Aphrodite. In a unique innovation, Queen Arsinoë II of Egypt (c. 316 – 270 BC) was deified as the maritime Aphrodite, and was associated with the cult titles Euploia, Akraia, and Galenaië. It was the important study of Robert (1966) which identified that the poets Posidippus and Callimachus were honouring Arsinoë II as the maritime Aphrodite. This thesis examines how this new third-century BC cult of ‘Arsinoë Aphrodite’ adopted aspects of Greek cults of the maritime Aphrodite, creating a new derivative cult. The main historical sources for this cult are the epigrams of Posidippus and Callimachus, including a relatively new epigram (Posidippus AB 39) published in 2001. This thesis demonstrates that the new cult of Arsinoë Aphrodite utilised existing traditions, such as: Aphrodite’s role as patron of fleets, the practice of dedications to Aphrodite by admirals, the use of invocations before sailing, and the practice of marine dedications such as shells. In this way the Ptolemies incorporated existing religious traditions into a new form of ruler cult. This study is the first attempt to trace the direct relationship between Ptolemaic ruler cult and existing traditions of the maritime Aphrodite, and deepens our understanding of the strategies of ruler cult adopted in the early Hellenistic period.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Foreigners As Liberators: Education and Cultural Diversity in Plato's
    1 Foreigners as Liberators: Education and Cultural Diversity in Plato’s Menexenus Rebecca LeMoine Assistant Professor of Political Science Florida Atlantic University NOTE: Use of this document is for private research and study only; the document may not be distributed further. The final manuscript has been accepted for publication and will appear in a revised form in The American Political Science Review 111.3 (August 2017). It is available for a FirstView online here: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055417000016 Abstract: Though recent scholarship challenges the traditional interpretation of Plato as anti- democratic, his antipathy to cultural diversity is still generally assumed. The Menexenus appears to offer some of the most striking evidence of Platonic xenophobia, as it features Socrates delivering a mock funeral oration that glorifies Athens’ exclusion of foreigners. Yet when readers play along with Socrates’ exhortation to imagine the oration through the voice of its alleged author Aspasia, Pericles’ foreign mistress, the oration becomes ironic or dissonant. Through this, Plato shows that foreigners can act as gadflies, liberating citizens from the intellectual hubris that occasions democracy’s fall into tyranny. In reminding readers of Socrates’ death, the dialogue warns, however, that fear of education may prevent democratic citizens from appreciating the role of cultural diversity in cultivating the virtue of Socratic wisdom. Keywords: Menexenus; Aspasia; cultural diversity; Socratic wisdom; Platonic irony Acknowledgments: An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2012 annual meeting of the Association for Political Theory, where it benefitted greatly from Susan Bickford’s insightful commentary. Thanks to Ethan Alexander-Davey, Andreas Avgousti, Richard Avramenko, Brendan Irons, Daniel Kapust, Michelle Schwarze, the APSR editorial team (both present and former), and four anonymous referees for their invaluable feedback on earlier drafts.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion and Globalization
    Religion and Globalization Edited by Ronald A. Simkins and Zachary B. Smith 5. Refugees, Exiles, and Stoic Cosmopolitanism William O. Stephens, Creighton University Abstract The Roman imperial Stoics were familiar with exile. This paper argues that the Stoics’ view of being a refugee differed sharply from their view of what is owed to refugees. A Stoic adopts the perspective of a cosmopolitēs, a “citizen of the world,” a rational being everywhere at home in the universe. Virtue can be cultivated and practiced in any locale, so being a refugee is an “indifferent” that poses no obstacle to happiness. Other people are our fellow cosmic citizens, however, regardless of their language, race, ethnicity, customs, or country of origin. Our natural affinity and shared sociability with all people require us to help refugees and embrace them as welcome neighbors. Failure to do so violates our common reason, justice, and the gods’ cosmic law. Keywords: exile, refugee, Stoic, cosmopolitanism, citizen Introduction One of the earliest stories about refugees in Western literature is told by the Roman epic poet Vergil. His Aeneid offers a heart-rending account of the hero Aeneas carrying his aged 73 Religion and Globalization father Anchises on his back, while leading his little son Ascanius by the hand, from the burning ruins of Troy. Few Trojans escape both death and enslavement at the hands of the Greek soldiers sacking their city, but Aeneas gathers together the few survivors and leads them on a long, perilous voyage across the Mediterranean Sea to distant Italy. There, after much more blood is shed, the refugee Aeneas finally prevails, establishes a new home for his transplanted people, and becomes the ancestor of the Romans.
    [Show full text]
  • General Index
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76557-2 — A Social and Economic History of the Theatre to 300 BC Eric Csapo , Peter Wilson Index More Information General Index Abdera (IV Cxiii), 539, 597–600, 611 and second actor, 327 choruses at Delphi and Delos, 600 and Sicily, 355–64 theatre, 600 Atalante, 341 Abydos (IV Ei), 611, 728, 737–8 costume innovations by, 337 theatre, 728, 738 Daughters of the Sun, 364 Achaeus (tragic poet), 279, 605, 665, 668 death in Gela, 346, 349 Philoctetes, 676 epitaph of, 359–61 Acharnae (Attic deme, III B), 7, 37–59 irst victory, 4κ0 theatre, 5, 37, 38–9, 53, 56 hero cult in Gela, 350, 361 leasing of, 13, 51 in Gela, 280, 318, 358–63 Acragas, 280–2, 363, 368–9 in Syracuse, 278, 328 theatre, 281–2, 369 Laios, 475 actors, 271. See also names of individual actors leaves Athens, 358 at Rhodes, 608, 695, 698 Lemnian plays, 676 comic, 256, 310, 337, 575, 579, 583 military service of, 360 number of, 324 Oresteia, 358 competitions, 604, 694, 708 Persians, 278, 298, 331, 344, 346, 360 guilds, 526 Philoctetes, 676 hiring of, 534 Phrygians or The Ransom of Hector, 364 lists, 269–72, 608, 632, 687–98 revivals of, 696 payment of, 698, 709–10 Seven Against Thebes, 475 securing for festivals, 709 Sicilianisms of, 357, 364 tragic, 395, 575, 579 Sisyphus the Stone-roller, 364 number of, 78, 327 Theoroi, 166, 364 travelling, 27, 78, 350, 534, 582, 705 victories, 482 voluntary performances of, 653 Agathocles (tyrant of Syracuse), 304, 369 Ada (Queen of Carians), 766 Agathon (tragic poet), 46, 47, 537 Adrastos of Aphrodisias (scholar), 440 Agesilaus II of Sparta, 505, 511, 560 Adria agonothesia/agonothetes, 523, 527.
    [Show full text]
  • Discourse on Voluntary Servitude by ÉTIENNE DE LA BOÉTIE
    Estienne De La Boetie: Discourse on Voluntary Servitude (1548) http://www.constitution.org/la_boetie/serv_vol.htm Alternate English translation Discourse on Voluntary Servitude The Discours sur la servitude volontaire of ÉTIENNE DE LA BOÉTIE, 1548 Rendered into English by HARRY KURZ [Published under the title ANTI-DICTATOR] New York: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS: 1942. DEDICATION COPYRIGHT 1942 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS, NEW YORK First printing, January, 1942 Second printing, June, 1942 [Copyright not renewed, so now in public domain.] Foreign agents: OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, Humphrey Milford, Amen House, London, E.G. 4, England, AND B. I. Building, Nicol Road, Bombay, India MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA This call to freedom ringing down the corridors of four centuries is sounded again here for the sake of peoples in all totalitarian countries today who dare not freely declare their thought. It will also ring dear and beautiful in the ears of those who still live freely and who by faith and power will contribute to the liberation of the rest of mankind from the horrors of political serfdom. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Dr. Royal S. van de Woestyne, formerly at Knox College, where I knew him, and now teaching at the Universities of Chicago and of Buffalo, first stirred an abiding interest in La Boétie by his expressed admiration for the spirit of liberty in the sixteenth century. Mr. Gilbert H. Doane, formerly at the University of Nebraska, where I knew him, and now Director of Libraries at the University of Wisconsin, urged me effectively to undertake the work of giving to our new world a new rendering of La Boétie's old cry for freedom.
    [Show full text]
  • Diodorus Siculus. in Twelve Volumes. Vol. VII. Books XV, 20
    1 — — — \ \ THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, LL.D. EDITED BY fT. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D. tE. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. t W. H. D. ROUSE, litt.d. L. A. POST, m.a. E. H. WARMINGTON, m.a., f.r.hist.soc. I DIODORUS OF SICILY VII . ) ifl u 1 r DIODORUS OF SICILY ,v 1 WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY CHARLES L. SHERMAN PROFESSOR OF, HISTORY" AND POLITICAL SCIENCE, AMHERST COLLEGE 3D / odoy~uS Sieved s * M rt< IN TWELVE VOLUMES VII books xv. 20-xvi. 65 CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD j MCMLII CONTENTS PAGE BOOK XV (CHAPS. 20-95) 1 book xvi (chaps. 1-65) 223 INDEX OF names 423 MAPS OF THE AREAS DESCRIBED IN VOL. VII At end, 1. SICILY AND GREECE (FROM DIODORUS III, L.C.L.) 2. EUROPE WESTERN AND SOUTHERN (FROM THE same) ° Printed in Great Britain LITERATURE £9 L 'A 1452846 v <T >1 THE LIBRARY OF HISTORY OF DIODORUS OF SICILY BOOK XV i « , AI0Ai2P0T THE LIBRARY OF HISTORY OF TOT 2IKEAinTOT DIODORUS OF SICILY BIBAIO0HKII2 ISTOPIKHS BOOK XV BIBA02 IIENTEKAIAEKATH 20. When Evander was archon at Athens, the 382/1 b.o. 8’ 1 1 20. ’E7t* (IpyovTOS ' Adr'/vr/cnv EvavSpov 'Pio- Romans elected six military tribunes with consular jialoi KarecrTrjijav avrl rwv VTidrujv %l\capyovs e£, power, Quintus Sulpicius, Gaius Fabius, Quintus Servilius, Publius Kotvrov HoAttlklov, P diov <Dd/3iov, Kotvrov Sep- Cornelius. During their term of 2 office, the Lacedaemonians took possession of the oviAiov, I 1 ottAiov KopvrjAiov ini Se tovtiov Aolks- Cadmeia in Thebes for the following reasons.
    [Show full text]
  • "Anaxilaos of Rhegion" In
    1 Anaxilaos of Rhegion new city had an important mint that issued coins with the same types as Rhegion (the STEFANIA DE VIDO only difference being in the legend). Rhegion and its tyrant grew in fame and Anaxilaos was tyrant of RHEGION, a Greek colony power. Using Messenian troops, Anaxilaos of Chalcidian origin at the southernmost tip organized campaigns against Locri (see the epi- of Italy. Conflict existed in the city between graphic documents in Olympia). In 484 or 480 the demos and the ancient aristocracy, and he achieved victory in the Olympic competition between the Chalcidian population and the of chariots drawn by mules, celebrated by the colonists from Greek Messenia. In this situa- poet SIMONIDES of Keos, and by a silver coin tion Anaxilaos, probably a Messenian hege- series minted according to the Euboean-Attic mon (Strabo 6.1.6), took power as tyrant in standard with an image of the chariot victor on 494 BCE (Hdt. 6.23.2; Diod. Sic. 11.48.2). He the reverse and a hare on the obverse. understood the importance of control over While the “Kingdom of the Strait” was at the Strait of Messina (the narrow passage the height of its power, Anaxilaos established between the eastern tip of Sicily and the south- an alliance with Terillos, the tyrant of HIMERA ern tip of Calabria), and in particular over the driven from his city by Theron of Akragas. Greek colony of Zankle (on the Sicilian coast), In 480 the Carthaginian Hamilcar, chief of a which had fallen under the influence of the large army (many mercenaries were paid using Geloan tyrant Hippokrates (see HIPPOKRATES, Rhegion’s silver), landed in Sicily with the help SICILIAN TYRANT).
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    04_55977X c01.qxd 5/12/04 11:46 PM Page 1 1Plato’s Life “I am that gadfly which God has given the state and all day long and in all places am always fastening upon you, arousing and per- suading and reproaching you.” —Socrates, Apology Plato has been called, with no exaggeration, the Father of Western Philosophy. Though he hadn’t aspired to such a role, he probably would not have shied away from it. (He was not known for his humility.) Like many other great figures in his- tory, Plato came to play the role he did as much because of circumstance and chance as because of his own decisions. What we know about Plato today, nearly 2,400 years after his death, stems mostly from his numerous writings (some 650,000 words have been attributed to his hand, according to Plato historian Christopher Planeaux). Through what he mentions in his work, and through biographies of Plato written by his contemporaries, we have produced a fairly good picture of what Plato’s life was like. But this picture, like most old images, has been blurred by time. Some of what we know of Plato stems from writings that tried to make him seem legendary in stature, so it is important to try to weed out some of the more grandiose descrip- tions of his background. Other information comes from his letters, the only writ- ten work from Plato where he actually mentions events in his life. Unfortunately, there is some COPYRIGHTEDdispute as to whether all the letters attributed MATERIAL to Plato were even writ- ten by him, placing their accuracy in question.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of the “Quiet Life” in Greek and Roman Antiquity
    False Idles: The Politics of the “Quiet Life” in Greek and Roman Antiquity Eric Brown 1. The Ideology Opposed to Withdrawal In Thucydides’ History, Pericles gives the funeral oration for the first of the Athenian war-dead, and he calls the living to arms by praising their way of life. In Athens, he says, In the same men there is concern both for their own affairs and at the same time for those of their fellow-citizens, and those who are busy with their work know enough about public affairs, for we alone think that the man who takes no part in public affairs is not unbusied (apragmōn) but useless (achreios). (Thuc. 2.40.2) The Athenians, says Pericles, participate in politics, and they scorn the man who avoids the business (ta pragmata) of the polis. Other Greeks might say, interchangeably, that such a man is “unbusied” (apragmōn) or that he “minds his own business” (to ta hautou prattein). But Pericles insists that Athenians do not accept these labels. They rebuke him.1 Despite Pericles’ rhetoric, this attitude was common throughout the Greek world. (Indeed, the Athenian citizenry, with its democratic freedoms, was among the least rigorously committed to political engagement. That is why Pericles has to try to inspire greater commitment.) Moreover, there was good reason for the widespread hostility to quiet withdrawal from politics. Throughout the Greek world, the security of the polis depended upon its citizens. Anyone who withdrew from politics to live a quiet life was a “free rider,” reaping benefits of the city without contributing his fair share of effort (cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Augustus, Egypt, and Propaganda by Valerie Broadbent a Thesis
    Augustus, Egypt, and Propaganda by Valerie Broadbent A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Ancient Mediterranean Cultures Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2012 © Valerie Broadbent 2012 I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract Augustus was a master of propaganda who employed Ancient and Hellenized Egypt as a means to legitimize his newly acquired power in Rome after the Battle of Actium. This thesis examines the ways in which Augustus moulded the people, imagery and religion of Egypt to suit his political needs. This was accomplished through an examination of the modified imagery of major Egyptian political figures such as Julius Caesar, Mark Antony, and Cleopatra VII. The symbolism of their images was altered to enhance Augustus’ standing in Rome. Augustus’ inspirations were also considered, namely Alexander the Great who became a significant influence for Augustus as was evident through the various similarities in their seal rings, family history, and the nature of both their roles as ‘restorers’ and ‘saviours’. The most predominant source for evidence of Augustus’ use of Egypt was found in his transportation of monumental obelisks from Egypt into the Circus Maximus and the Campus Martius. These monuments served to beautify the city while justifying Augustus’ authority in Rome. A close second to the transportation of the monumental architecture of Egypt was Augustus’ representation of the Battle of Actium upon his coinage.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    Index Athens and Sparta are mentioned throughout this book: under their names topics are indexed but not events or individuals. Many entries are arranged chronologically, and for this purpose the fourth century (‘C4’) is treated as beginning in 404. Abdera: in Second Athenian League 269 Aetna Abydus: in Peloponnesian War 153–4 at Catana 81–2 Acarnania: in Peloponnesian at Inessa 83, 317, 318 War 108–10 Aetolia Achaea in Peloponnesian War 103, 110 390’s 246 C4 287 360’s 234–5, 254–5, 289 Agatharchus of Athens, painter 222 Acragas Agathocles, tyrant of Syracuse 328, temples 82, 219 330 tyrants early C5 78–81 Agesilaus II, king of Sparta 240–59; mid C5 82–4 cf. 225–30, 235, 282–3, 286, 384 and Carthage late C5 313–17 Agesipolis I, king of Sparta 245, 247–8 Ada of Caria 361–3, 409 Agis II, king of Sparta Aegeae (Vergina) 220, 222, 335, 360 in 418 135–6 Aegina at Decelea 147, 149, 159–60, 173 in First Peloponnesian War 48 Elean war and death 240 430’s 88, 91, 93–5COPYRIGHTEDAgis III, kingMATERIAL of Sparta 385–6, 396 in Peloponnesian War 107, 114, 115 Agyrrhius of Athens 263, 298, 304, Aegospotami: battle in 405 158 306 Aeschines of Athens 213, 346, 347–51, Alcibiades of Athens 352, 355, 375–9, 382; cf. 237, 303, early career 128, 133–7, 138, 163–5 333 Sicilian expedition 139–44, 146–7 Aeschylus of Athens, tragedian religious scandals 140–1, 166–7 in Athens 44–6, 212 later career 150–8, 169–78 in Sicily 81 in Aristophanes 179 in Aristophanes’ Frogs 179 Alexander I, king of Macedon 335 446 INDEX Alexander II, king of Macedon 288–9 Androtion of Athens: governor of Alexander III (the Great), king of Arcesine 275 Macedon 388–426; cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstracts 581(583):Layout 1 13-07-2012 11:56 Pagina 581
    29abstracts 581(583):Layout 1 13-07-2012 11:56 Pagina 581 ABSTRACTS 29abstracts 581(583):Layout 1 13-07-2012 11:56 Pagina 582 29abstracts 581(583):Layout 1 13-07-2012 11:56 Pagina 583 Claudia Antonetti AN ITALIOTE IN AMPHILOCHIAN ARGOS Through the analysis of a narrow yet meaningful corpus of funerary inscriptions found in the necropolis of ancient Amphilochian Argos, dating from the 4 th to the 3rd cent. BC, new light can be shed on the relations between this frontier area – surrounded by Epirus and Acarnania – and a broader Hellenic world – at that time the theatre of wide-ranging interventions by basileis and xenikoi strategoi – on both sides of the Ionian Sea: Corcyra, the Adriatic Sea, and the Italiote League. Starting from the first years of the 3 rd cent. BC, the destinies of Am - philochia tightly intertwine with those of Ambracia, the new capital of the reign of Pyrrhus: in the fortunes of this Aeacid king it is to be found the over-regional per - spective the inscriptions show. Keywords: Amphilochian Argos, Pyrrhus, Italiotai, Troias (Aeacid Queen and fe - male name), Ambracia. Benedetto Carroccio THE MONETARIAN IMPACT OF EPIRUS, CORCYRA, ALEXANDER THE MOLOSSIAN AND PYRRHUS IN THE WEST, BETWEEN ASCERTAINED FACTS AND OPEN ISSUES The main aim, or attempt, of this paper is to determine more precisely, and with more criticism than in the past: 1) the relative quantity of coins issued to pay the mercenaries employed by the Epirote kings and hegemones Alexander the Molossian and Pyrrhus in each year of their Italian and Sicilian wars;
    [Show full text]