JCOMM Meeting Report No. 97
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UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order Online
UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order online Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Glossary 1. Executive Summary The 1999 Offensive The Chain of Command The War Crimes Tribunal Abuses by the KLA Role of the International Community 2. Background Introduction Brief History of the Kosovo Conflict Kosovo in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Kosovo in the 1990s The 1998 Armed Conflict Conclusion 3. Forces of the Conflict Forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslav Army Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs Paramilitaries Chain of Command and Superior Responsibility Stucture and Strategy of the KLA Appendix: Post-War Promotions of Serbian Police and Yugoslav Army Members 4. march–june 1999: An Overview The Geography of Abuses The Killings Death Toll,the Missing and Body Removal Targeted Killings Rape and Sexual Assault Forced Expulsions Arbitrary Arrests and Detentions Destruction of Civilian Property and Mosques Contamination of Water Wells Robbery and Extortion Detentions and Compulsory Labor 1 Human Shields Landmines 5. Drenica Region Izbica Rezala Poklek Staro Cikatovo The April 30 Offensive Vrbovac Stutica Baks The Cirez Mosque The Shavarina Mine Detention and Interrogation in Glogovac Detention and Compusory Labor Glogovac Town Killing of Civilians Detention and Abuse Forced Expulsion 6. Djakovica Municipality Djakovica City Phase One—March 24 to April 2 Phase Two—March 7 to March 13 The Withdrawal Meja Motives: Five Policeman Killed Perpetrators Korenica 7. Istok Municipality Dubrava Prison The Prison The NATO Bombing The Massacre The Exhumations Perpetrators 8. Lipljan Municipality Slovinje Perpetrators 9. Orahovac Municipality Pusto Selo 10. Pec Municipality Pec City The “Cleansing” Looting and Burning A Final Killing Rape Cuska Background The Killings The Attacks in Pavljan and Zahac The Perpetrators Ljubenic 11. -
Memorial of the Republic of Croatia
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE CASE CONCERNING THE APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE (CROATIA v. YUGOSLAVIA) MEMORIAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA APPENDICES VOLUME 5 1 MARCH 2001 II III Contents Page Appendix 1 Chronology of Events, 1980-2000 1 Appendix 2 Video Tape Transcript 37 Appendix 3 Hate Speech: The Stimulation of Serbian Discontent and Eventual Incitement to Commit Genocide 45 Appendix 4 Testimonies of the Actors (Books and Memoirs) 73 4.1 Veljko Kadijević: “As I see the disintegration – An Army without a State” 4.2 Stipe Mesić: “How Yugoslavia was Brought Down” 4.3 Borisav Jović: “Last Days of the SFRY (Excerpts from a Diary)” Appendix 5a Serb Paramilitary Groups Active in Croatia (1991-95) 119 5b The “21st Volunteer Commando Task Force” of the “RSK Army” 129 Appendix 6 Prison Camps 141 Appendix 7 Damage to Cultural Monuments on Croatian Territory 163 Appendix 8 Personal Continuity, 1991-2001 363 IV APPENDIX 1 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS1 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE CHRONOLOGY BH Bosnia and Herzegovina CSCE Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe CK SKJ Centralni komitet Saveza komunista Jugoslavije (Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia) EC European Community EU European Union FRY Federal Republic of Yugoslavia HDZ Hrvatska demokratska zajednica (Croatian Democratic Union) HV Hrvatska vojska (Croatian Army) IMF International Monetary Fund JNA Jugoslavenska narodna armija (Yugoslav People’s Army) NAM Non-Aligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation -
Corrigé Corrected
Corrigé Corrected CR 2014/16 International Court Cour internationale of Justice de Justice THE HAGUE LA HAYE YEAR 2014 Public sitting held on Wednesday 12 March 2014, at 3 p.m., at the Peace Palace, President Tomka presiding, in the case concerning Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Croatia v. Serbia) ________________ VERBATIM RECORD ________________ ANNÉE 2014 Audience publique tenue le mercredi 12 mars 2014, à 15 heures, au Palais de la Paix, sous la présidence de M. Tomka, président, en l’affaire relative à l’Application de la convention pour la prévention et la répression du crime de génocide (Croatie c. Serbie) ____________________ COMPTE RENDU ____________________ - 2 - Present: President Tomka Vice-President Sepúlveda-Amor Judges Owada Abraham Keith Bennouna Skotnikov Cançado Trindade Yusuf Greenwood Xue Donoghue Gaja Sebutinde Bhandari Judges ad hoc Vukas Kreća Registrar Couvreur - 3 - Présents : M. Tomka, président M. Sepúlveda-Amor, vice-président MM. Owada Abraham Keith Bennouna Skotnikov Cançado Trindade Yusuf Greenwood Mmes Xue Donoghue M. Gaja Mme Sebutinde M. Bhandari, juges MM. Vukas Kreća, juges ad hoc M. Couvreur, greffier - 4 - The Government of the Republic of Croatia is represented by: Ms Vesna Crnić-Grotić, Professor of International Law, University of Rijeka, as Agent; H.E. Ms Andreja Metelko-Zgombić, Ambassador, Director General for EU Law, International Law and Consular Affairs, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, Zagreb, Ms Jana Špero, Head of Sector, Ministry of Justice, Zagreb, Mr. Davorin Lapaš, Professor of International Law, University of Zagreb, as Co-Agents; Mr. James Crawford, A.C., S.C., F.B.A., Whewell Professor of International Law, University of Cambridge, Member of the Institut de droit international, Barrister, Matrix Chambers, London, Mr. -
Operation Reka 1
Dossier: Operation Reka 1 October 2015 Dossier Operation Reka 2 Dossier Operation Reka Contents Abbreviations.............................................................................................................................................................................5 I. Summary.....................................................................................................................................................................................7 II. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................................................9 III. MILITARY-POLICE OPERATION REKA....................................................................................................................10 IV. CRIMES AGAINT CIVILIANS COMMITTED IN THE COURSE OF OPERATION REKA...................................................................................................................................13 1. Killings of civilians..........................................................................................................................................................14 1.1. Dobrosh/Dobroš and Ramoc............................................................................................................................14 a. Statements of survivors and forensic evidence........................................................................................14 b. Military documents and testimonies of VJ members...........................................................................15 -
A Survivor of the Bosnian Genocide
The Seattle Times Newspapers In Education presents Personal Accounts Stories Among Us: of Genocide Every Wednesday through June 11, join us for Stories Among Us: Personal Accounts of Genocide, exploring past and present atrocities through 8 the oral histories of genocide survivors in our region. Produced in partnership with the Washington State Holocaust Education Resource Center. rape of two Serbian nurses. This witness was brought Chapter Eight Selena to the location to find and pinpoint the two men who Salihovic had allegedly committed the rape. If he waved his hand, in Seattle, you were free to leave but if he simply stuck it out from Selena’s Story: 2008. behind the canopy, you were not allowed to go. All of the men were gathered, including my father and his A Survivor of the good friend Maid, a soccer player who knew every soul Bosnian Genocide that resided in Bijeljina. All but two men were granted leave; Maid was one of them. Written by Selena Salihovic, survivor of the Bosnian Genocide and a UW student. As my family and I walked back to Bijeljina, we heard two shots behind us. Maid and the other man were dead. Between 1992 and 1995, the Muslim population of Bosnia, a country located in Eastern Europe, became We stayed in Bijeljina for three more years, not wanting victim to a brutal campaign of ethnic cleansing to leave my ill grandfather behind. The violence in and genocide. By the end of 1995, Bosnian Serb Bijeljina continued, but it was muted. Unlike Sarajevo, forces, under the leadership of President Slobodan no bombs were dropped on our city. -
In the Northeast-Bosnian City of Zvornik from April Through June 1992
TRETTER/ MÜLLER/ SCHWANKE/ ANGELI/ RICHTER ‘Ethnic Cleansing Operations’ in the northeast-Bosnian City of Zvornik from April through June 1992 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Human Rights ã BIM This report was prepared by the following members of the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Human Rights (BIM), Vienna: Hannes Tretter, director BIM Stephan Müller, project-leader Roswitha Schwanke, organization and administration Paul Angeli, research assistant Andreas Richter, research assistant Online – Version 2 ‘Ethnic Cleansing Operations‘ in the northeast-Bosnian City of Zvornik from April through June 1992 Publisher: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Human Rights © BIM 1994, 1998 Hessgasse 1 A-1010 Vienna Tel +43-1-4277-27420 Fax +43-1-4277-27429 e-mail: [email protected] All rights, including the right to duplication and distribution as well as translation reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in whatever form without prior written consent to the publisher. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE 1. INTRODUCTION 2. SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC DATA 3. STRATEGIC SITUATION OF ZVORNIK 4. MILITARY SITUATION 4.1. Yugoslav National Army (JNA) 4.2. Paramilitary Units 5. CHRONOLOGY 5.1. The time prior to the attack 5.2. The attack on Zvornik 5.3. The attack on Kulagrad and Divic 6. CIVIL DEVELOPMENT IN ZVORNIK AFTER THE ATTACK 6.1. From the aftermath of the attack on Zvornik until the fall of Kulagrad 6.2. After the fall of Kulagrad 7. EXPULSION AND DEPORTATION 8. ANALYSIS OF EVENTS 8.1. Planning and conduct of military operations 8.2. Preparation of the attack on Zvornik and subsequent civilian control over the town 8.3. -
Serbia – Serbian Volunteer Guard – Arkan's Tigers – International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia – War Cr
Country Advice Serbia Serbia – SRB36154 – Serbian Volunteer Guard – Arkan’s Tigers – International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia – War Crimes – Organised Crime 5 March 2010 1. Please provide a brief history of the SDG (1990-1996) The paramilitary group, the ‘Serbian Volunteer Guard’ (SDG), commonly known as ‘Arkan’s Tigers’ (‘Tigers’, ‘Arkanovci’ or ‘Arkanovi Tigrovi’) was established on 11 October 1990 by notorious Serbian underworld figure Željko Ražnatović, popularly known as Arkan.1 The SDG were one of many Serbian paramilitary groups which took part in the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, between 1991 and 1999. At various times during the conflict, membership of the SDG expanded to include other paramilitary, Yugoslav People’s Army (JNA) or special forces units. This response will focus on the involvement of Arkan’s Tigers in the Balkans conflict Serbian paramilitary groups varied in skill and motivation, from professional soldiers to loosely affiliated groups of criminal gangs and football hooligans. The more ‘professional units including the Tigers were often armed, funded and trained through the Yugoslav People’s Army (JNA) or other state security organisations.2 Some other groups were known as ‘weekend warriors’ – living and working during the week in Serbia and crossing into contested territory in neighbouring villages on weekends to loot and vandalise property.3 The symbiotic relationship between the Milošević regime and organised crime in Serbia flourished in an increasing unstable Yugoslavia. Criminal organisations fought amoungst each other, vying to expand and develop new black and grey markets in pertrol, cigarettes and narcotics. Longtime Milošević allies, including Ražnatović, were favoured beneficiares. -
ICTY Prosecutor V. Momcilo Perisic
International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Case: IT-00-39-T Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Date: 27 September 2006 UNITED Committed in the Territory of the NATIONS Former Yugoslavia since 1991 Original: English TRIALU CHAMBER I Before: Judge Alphons Orie, Presiding Judge Joaquín Martín Canivell Judge Claude Hanoteau Registrar: Mr Hans Holthuis Judgement of: 27 September 2006 PROSECUTOR v. MOMČILO KRAJIŠNIK _________________________________________________________________________ JUDGEMENT _________________________________________________________________________ OfficeU of the Prosecutor Mr Mark Harmon Mr Alan Tieger Mr Stephen Margetts Mr Fergal Gaynor Ms Carolyn Edgerton Ms Katrina Gustafson DefenceU Counsel Mr Nicholas Stewart, QC Mr David Josse Prosecutor v. Momčilo Krajišnik Preliminary ContentsU General abbreviations 6 1. Introduction and overview 9 1.1 The Accused 9 1.2 Indictment 10 1.3 Bosnia-Herzegovina: geography, population, history 12 1.4 Structure of judgement 14 2. Political precursors 16 2.1 Political developments, 1990 to early 1991 16 2.1.1 Creation of the SDS 16 2.1.2 Division of power among the coalition parties 17 2.2 Arming and mobilization of population 19 2.3 State of fear 24 2.4 Creation of Serb autonomous regions and districts 26 2.5 Creation of Bosnian-Serb Assembly 31 2.6 SDS Instructions of 19 December 1991 36 2.7 Proclamation of Bosnian-Serb Republic 43 2.8 Establishment of Bosnian-Serb Republic 50 3. Administration of Bosnian-Serb Republic 54 3.1 Bosnian-Serb -
Norway's Terror As Systemic Destabilization: Breivik, the Arms
Volume 9 | Issue 34 | Number 1 | Article ID 3590 | Aug 30, 2011 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Norway’s Terror as Systemic Destabilization: Breivik, the Arms-for-Drugs Milieu, and Global Shadow Elites 体系的不安 定化行動としてのノルウェイのテロ−−ブレイヴィク、武器・薬物交換 の環境、世界的な影のエリート Peter Dale Scott Norway’s Terror as SystemicBut the backgrounds of some violent events are Destabilization: Breivik, the Arms- more mysteriously organized than, say, those of for-Drugs Milieu, and Global Shadow a resentful and quasi-spontaneous grudge Elites killing or flash mob. For some time I have discussed acts such as the Kennedy Peter Dale Scott assassination as what I have calleddeep events: events, obscured and/or Breivik’s Terror: Was It a Deep Event? misrepresented in mainstream media, whose origins are mysterious but often intelligence- The most surprising aspect of the recent related, attributed to marginal outsiders, but unexpected terrorist violence in Norway is that, intersecting with large and powerful but covert in retrospect, it is not surprising. Our revived forces having the power and the intent to hopes after the end of the Cold War, that we influence history. More recently I have might finally be emerging into a world of diminishing bloodshed, have been abundantly emphasized the need to analyze deep events disabused. Events of seemingly randomcomparatively, as part of an on-going hidden irrational violence, such as that which so substrate in so-called developed societies. And shocked us when President Kennedy was to raise the question whether key deep events assassinated, have become a predictable part are interrelated. of the world in which we live. -
Dosije: JNA U Ratovima U Hrvatskoj I Bih Dossier: the JNA in the Wars In
Dossier:Dosije: The JNA inu ratovima the Wars inu CroatiaHrvatskoj and i BiHBiH ISBN 978-86-7932-090-2 978-86-7932-091-9 Dossier: The JNA in the Wars 1 in Croatia and BiH Belgrade, Dossier: The JNA in the Wars in CroatiaJune and BiH2018 2 Dossier: The JNA in the Wars in Croatia and BiH Contents ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 SUMMARY....................................................................................................................................................................... 7 I. THE JNA WITHIN THE SFRY ARMED FORCES ............................................................................................. 8 II. SHIFT IN THE JNA’S OBJECTIVES AND TASKS IN THE COURSE OF THE CONFLICT IN CROATIA.......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 i. Political Crisis in the SFRY and the SFRY Presidency Crisis ................................................................. 10 ii. Political Situation in Croatia – Emergence of the Republic of Serbian Krajina ............................... 13 iii. First Phase of JNA Involvement in the Conflict in Croatia ................................................................. 14 iv. Second Phase of JNA Involvement in the Conflict in Croatia ............................................................. 15 v. Decision to -
Law Journal for Social Justice Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law Arizona State University
LAW JOURNAL FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE SANDRA DAY O’CONNOR COLLEGE OF LAW ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY Volume 5 Spring 2015 CONTENTS You Have Your Whole Life in Front of You . Behind Bars: It’s Time to Ban De Facto Life Without Parole for Juvenile Non-Homicide Offenders...................................................................Rachel Forman 1 Death Row: Mentally Impaired Inmates and the Appeal Process .................................................... Inalvis M. Zubiaur 35 Injection and the Right of Access: The Intersection of the Eighth and First Amendments ........................................................ Timothy F. Brown 74 Traffic Enforcement by Camera: Privacy and Due Process in the Age of Big Brother.................. Victor D. Lopez and Eugene T. Maccarrone 120 Fictitious Labeling: The Implications in an Immigration Context ................................................ Efe Ukala 138 Increase Quota, Invite Opportunities, Improve Economy: An Examination of the Educational and Employment Crisis of Undocumented Immigrants and Individuals From Abroad ...................................... Brittany Fink 180 The Crucible: Old Notions of Hysteria in Modern America .......................................... Katharine Villalobos 202 Falling Through the Cracks: The Treatment of Female Drug Traffickers ................................. Marissa N. Goldberg 231 Seeking Truth in the Balkans: Analysis of Whether the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia Has Contributed to Peace, Reconciliation, Justice, or Truth in the Region and the Tribunal’s Overall Enduring Legacy ...................... Erin K. Lovall and June E. Vutrano 252 Law Journal for Social Justice is supported by the Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law at Arizona State University. The Law Journal for Social Justice mailing address is: Law Journal for Social Justice, P.O. Box 877906, 1100 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85287. The Law Journal for Social Justice email address is: [email protected]. -
A MICRO-COMPARATIVE STUDY of GENOCIDE Damir Kovačević, Ph.D
ABSTRACT ESCALATION AND RADICALIZATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: A MICRO-COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GENOCIDE Damir Kovačević, Ph.D. Department of Political Science Northern Illinois University, 2018 Michael Clark, Director Why does genocide occur in some locations and at some times but not in other locations or at other times? My project seeks to analyze the complex, dynamic, and extraordinary phenomenon of genocide by applying the micro-comparative method. I argue that genocide should not be studied as a two-stage process of policy and implementation, but rather as part of a multi-dimensional framework that is subject to various conditions. By framing the research this way, we can answer two important shortcomings in current studies of genocide: Why is genocide the outcome in some cases of political violence, but not in other cases? And, what explains leaders’ decisions to escalate violence over time? I am proposing that genocide is not a singular act, but rather a radical and cumulative process dependent on events, interactions, ideologies, and actors. My study adopts a nuanced theory that accounts for the necessary structural and agency factors to better explain the process of genocide. I situate my micro-comparative study within the case of the Bosnian Civil War (1992-1995), by examining how and why genocide occurred across different municipalities. NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY DEKALB, ILLINOIS MAY 2018 ESCALATION AND RADICALIZATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: A MICRO-COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GENOCIDE BY DAMIR KOVACEVIC ©2018 Damir Kovačević A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Doctoral Director: Michael Clark ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the encouragement and guidance of some very amazing people.