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PARVA NATURALIA PALEONTOLOGIA * GEOLOGIA * BOTANICA * ZOOLOGIA * STORIA E FILOSOFIA DELLA SCIENZA ISSN 1723-3836 (print edition) ISSN 2281-0889 (online edition) PARVA NATURALIA PALEONTOLOGIA * GEOLOGIA * BOTANICA * ZOOLOGIA * STORIA e FILOSOFIA DELLA SCIENZA 2015 - 2016 VOLUME 11 MUSEO STORIA NATURALE PIACENZA* MUSEO GEOLOGICO CASTELL’ARQUATO * MUSEO DI SCIENZE COLLEGIO ALBERONI ISSN 1723-3836 (print edition) ISSN 2281-0889 (online edition) PARVA NATURALIA PALEONTOLOGIA * GEOLOGIA * BOTANICA * ZOOLOGIA * STORIA e FILOSOFIA DELLA SCIENZA 2015 - 2016 VOLUME 11 Memorie dei Musei scientifici della provincia di Piacenza Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Piacenza Museo Geologico “G. Cortesi” di Castell’Arquato Collegio Alberoni, Piacenza Comitato Scientifico: Alessandro Alessandrini - Istituto per i Beni Artistici, Culturali e Naturali, Bologna Pascal Barrier - Istituto Geologico “A. De Lapparent”, Parigi Maria Bernabò Brea - Soprintendenza Archeologica Emilia Romagna, Parma Piero Cravedi - Istituto di Entomologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza Alessandro Garassino - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Milano Vittoria Gregori Cocconcelli - Società Piacentina di Scienze Naturali, Piacenza Marco Valle - Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali “E. Caffi”, Bergamo Annarita Volpi - Società Piacentina di Scienze Naturali, Piacenza Coordinatore editoriale dei contributi scientifici: Giacomo Bracchi Revisione grafica: Linda Mazzoleni Direttore responsabile: Carlo Francou Autorizzazione del Tribunale di Piacenza N. 559 del 2 Aprile 2001 1 EDIZIONE A CURA DELLA SOCIETA’ PIACENTINA DI SCIENZE NATURALI FINITO DI STAMPARE NEL MESE DI GENNAIO 2016 DA TIPLECO, PIACENZA EDIZIONE ONLINE: www.parvanaturalia.net In copertina “Po”, acquaforte su zinco di Roberto Tonelli 2 PARVA NATURALIA Volume 11 (2015-2016): 3-12 PRIMA SEGNALAZIONE DEL GENERE GAGARIA (ECHINOIDEA) NELL’EOCENE ITALIANO ENRICO BORGHI* & ALBERTO BOTTAZZI** *Società Reggiana di Scienza Naturali, Reggio Emilia; e.mail: [email protected] **Museo Civico Dal Lago, Valdagno (Vicenza); e.mail: [email protected] Riassunto – Due esemplari raccolti recentemente nell’Eocene medio (Luteziano inferiore) di Cava Albanello, presso Nogarole Vicentino (Vicenza), vengono assegnati al genere Gagaria Duncan, 1889, un echinoide regolare estinto, le cui testimonianze fossili sono rare, in particolare nell’area Mediterranea. Le buone condizioni di conservazione del materiale in esame consentono di riconoscere la specie tipo, G. venustula (Duncan & Sladen, 1884), sinora nota con certezza solo nel Palocene terminale-Oligocene della regione Indo-Pakistana. Parole chiave – Echinoidi, Gagaria, Eocene del Veneto, prima segnalazione. Abstract – First record of the genus Gagaria (Echinoidea) from the Eocene of Italy. Gagaria Duncan, 1889 is a rare echinoid genus known from latest Palaeocene to Oligocene of the Indo-Pakistan Region and western Africa (Smith & Kroh, 2011; Kroh, 2015). It is present, though very rare, also in the Eocene of the Mediterranean: Spain (Cotteau, 1882) and France (Cotteau, 1892). The systematic of Gagaria is not well resolved yet, since it is placed in a temporary family, the “Triplacidiis” (Smith & Kroh, 2011; Kroh, 2015). The main diagnostic character, consisting of the composition of the ambulacral plates, is visible only in rare well preserved specimens. As a consequence the generic placement of a part of the species earlier attributed to Gagaria remains uncertain. Two well preserved specimens from the middle Eocene of northern Italy are attributed to Gagaria, on the basis of the ambulacra plates, compounded in acrosaleniid style, with two elements bound by the primary tubercle, both extending to the perradial suture. Between these compound plates there are simple plates with only secondary tubercles. Other distinctive characters are: pore-zones straight and not widened at the peristome, primary tubercles imperforate and crenulate forming a regular series in each column in both areas, secondary tubercles not forming complete longitudinal series. The apical system with only the ocular plate I insert points to G. venustula (Duncan & Sladen, 1884), the type species of the genus. The material under study was collected from the middle Eocene (early Lutetian) of cava Albanello (province of Vicenza), an abandoned quarry located on the left bank of the Chiampo Valley. The stratigraphic succession visible after the recent environmental restoration of the quarry begins with the upper member of the Calcari di Chiampo limestones (early Lutetian), alternated with volcanoclastic tuffites and hyaloclastites, underlying the middle Lutetian nodular limestones of the “San Giovanni Ilarione horizon”. The sequence is capped by a basaltic flow. The two specimens of Gagaria were enclosed in the volcanodetritic beds, which are indicative of instant events of mass 3 transport (Beschin et al. 2012). A shallow, warm water palaeoenvironment was prospected for the tuffites and hyaloclastites of the Val di Chiampo by Matteucci & Rosso (2005). The material under study is compared with Cyphosoma superbum Dames, 1877, another rare taxon belonging to the “Triplacidiids”, earlier described from the Eocene of San Giovanni Ilarione (Vicenza). It is represented by a sole and incomplete test, whose generic placement remains uncertain. It is distinguished from the examined specimens by higher test, subconic profile, more conspicuous and more regularly disposed secondary tubercles in the interambulacra, also adapically, and smaller primary tubercles. This is the first record from the Mediterranean of the type species, G. venustula, which was so far known with certainty only from the Indo-Pakistan area. Key words – Echinoids, Gagaria, middle Eocene, Mediterranean. Introduzione Gagaria Duncan, 1889 è un echinoide regolare estinto, noto nel Paleocene terminale-Oligocene della regione Indo-Pakistana e dell’Africa occidentale (Smith & Kroh, 2011, Kroh, 2015). E’ presente, seppure molto raro, anche nell’Eocene dell’area Mediterranea: Spagna (Cotteau, 1882) e Francia (Cotteau, 1892). La segnalazione più antica riguarda la specie tipo, Gagaria venustula (Duncan & Sladen, 1884), che è presente a Sindh (Pakistan) nei calcari di Ranikot, datati al passaggio Palaeocene superiore-Eocene inferiore (Smith & Kroh, 2011). La posizione sistematica di Gagaria è tuttora piuttosto incerta in quanto è assegnata a una famiglia temporanea, i Triplacidiidi (Smith & Kroh, 2011; Kroh, 2015). Uno degli elementi principali distintivi di questo genere, che consiste nella composizione delle piastre ambulacrali, è visibile solo in rari esemplari ben conservati. Di conseguenza anche l’attribuzione generica di una parte delle specie assegnate in passato a Gagaria è incerta. In particolare, gli esemplari giovanili del genere Micropsis Cotteau, in Cotteau & Leymerie 1856, sono simili a Gagaria e si distinguono con certezza solo perché hanno le piastre ambulacrali formate da 4 elementi anziché 3. Tre specie, oltre alla specie tipo, sono assegnate a questo genere da Smith & Kroh (2011) e Kroh (2015): G. vilanovae (Cotteau, 1882) e G. atacica Cotteau, 1892, dell’Eocene della Spagna e della Francia, rispettivamente, e G. foutatoroensis Roman, in Elouard & Roman, 1966, dell’Eocene dell’Africa. Da qui l’importanza del materiale recentemente raccolto nell’Eocene di cava Albanello presso Nogarole Vicentino (Vicenza), costituito da due esemplari completi e in buon stato di conservazione. Materiali e metodi I due esemplari oggetto dello studio sono stati raccolti da uno degli autori (A.B.) nell’Eocene medio (Luteziano inferiore) di Cava Albanello, presso Nogarole Vicentino (Val di Chiampo, Vicenza). Sono rappresentati da corone complete, munite dell’apparato apicale e prive di aculei. L’esemplare 4 più significativo è ora custodito presso il Museo Civico di Valdagno (MCV) col codice MCV.15/353. Abbreviazioni: D = diametro del guscio, H = altezza del guscio, Da= Diametro dell’apparato apicale, Dp= diametro del peristoma, L1 e L2= larghezza rispettivamente degli ambulacri e degli interambulacri all’ambitus. Inquadramento geologico Cava Albanello è una cava abbandonata, coltivata sino a pochi anni fa per l’estrazione del Marmo di Chiampo, posta sul versante orografico sinistro della media Valle di Chiampo, nei pressi di Nogarole Vicentino (Fig. 1). Coordinate (sistema di riferimento WGS84): 45° 33' 38,5'' N e 11° 16' 53'' E. Alla base della sezione affiorante in cava, durante il periodo di attività, si potevano osservare i sedimenti della Scaglia Rossa Veneta (Cretacico superiore, Fig. 2), sovrastati dai Calcari nummulitici dell’Eocene medio e dalle vulcaniti ad essi intercalate. I basalti compatti chiudevano la successione al tetto. Il Calcare di Chiampo, oggetto dell’estrazione, è suddiviso (Matteucci & Rosso, 2005) in un membro inferiore (Ypresiano) e uno superiore (Luteziano inferiore). L’unità cretacica e la bancata di calcare ypresiano oggi non sono più esposte, perché ricoperte dagli interventi di ripristino ambientale effettuati dopo la chiusura della cava. Il membro superiore del Calcare di Chiampo e le vulcaniti, entrambi attribuibili al Luteziano inferiore, e i Calcari nodulari dell’Orizzonte di San Giovanni Ilarione (Luteziano medio) sono tuttora visibili. Fig. 1 – Ubicazione della località di ritrovamento, Cava Albarello (Val di Chiampo). Fig. 1 – Map of the finding locality: Cava Albanello in the Chiampo Valley (Vicenza) 5 La ricca fauna di questo giacimento è correlabile con quella dell’“Orizzonte di San Giovanni Ilarione” (Fabiani, 1915), affiorante nella vicina Cava Boschetto e in altre località classiche della Valle dell’Alpone
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