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Significant with relevant collections

Inland transport Automobile and Road - Mobilia, Museum rur Hamburgische Geschichte, , Kangasala, Finland Germany Automobile Museum, Belgrade, Yugoslavia Museum of Applied Arts & Sciences, Powerhouse Auto Museum Wolfsburg, Germany Museum, Haymarket, NSW, Australia Auto & Technik Museum, Sinsheim, Germany Museum of British Road Transport, Coventry Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Museum, Baltimore, Museum ofTransport, Glasgow, UK MD, USA Museum ofTransport & Technology, Auckland, New BMW Museum, Munich, Germany Zealand , Weybridge, UK Museum ofTransportation, St Louis, MO, USA California State Railroad Museum, Sacramento, CA, Museum van de Belgische Spoorwegen, Brussels, USA Belgium Chemin de fer Musee Blonay-Chamby, Lausanne, Museu Nacional dos Coches, Lisbon, Portugal Switzerland National Motorcycle Museum, Birmingham, UK DB Museum im Verkehrsmuseum Niirnberg, National Motor Museum, Beaulieu, UK Germany National Motor Museum, Birdwood, SA, Australia Deutsches Museum, Munich, Germany National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Deutsches Technikmuseum Berlin, Germany Institution, Washington DC, USA DSB Jernbanemuseet, Odense, Denmark National Museum of Iceland, Reykjavik Finnish Railway Museum, Hyvinkiiii, Finland National Museum of Science & Technology, Ottawa, Finnish Road Museum, Helsinki, Finland Ont., Canada Fundaci6 Museu del Transport, Castellar de N'Hug, National Rail Museum, New Delhi, India Spain National Railway Museum,York, UK FiirstThurn & Taxis - Marstall Museum, National Tramway Museum, Crich, UK Regensburg, Germany National Waterways Museum, Ellesmere Port, Heidelberg Motor Museum, South Africa Gloucester and Stoke Bruerne, UK Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village, New South Wales State Rail Museum, Thirlmere, Dearborn, MI, USA Australia Heritage Motor Centre, Gaydon, UK NewYork Transit Museum, Brooklyn, NY, USA Kozlekedesi Muzeum Budapest, Hungary Norrbottens Jiirnviigsmuseum, Lulea, Sweden Landesmuseum rur Technik und Arbeit, Mannheim, Norsk Jernbanemuseum, Hamar, Norway Germany Norsk Vegmuseum, Faberg, Norway Leonardo da Vinci Museum, Milan, Italy North Carolina Transportation Museum, Spencer, London's Transport Museum, UK USA Marcus Wallenberg Hallen, Sodertiilje, Sweden Ofoten Museum, Narvik, Norway Mercedes-Benz Museum, Stuttgart, Germany Petersen Automotive Museum, Los Angeles, CA, Modern Transportation Museum, Osaka, Japan USA Motor-Museum-Ohringen, Germany Porsche Museum, Stuttgart, Germany Musee des Arts et Metiers, Paris, France of the Republic of China, , Musee des Transports Urbains, Colombes, France Taiwan Musee Francais du Chemin de Fer, Mulhouse, Postimuseo, Helsinki, Finland France Queensland Railways Historical Centre, Ipswich, Qld, Musee National de I'Automobile, Mulhouse, France Australia Musee National de la Voiture et du Tourisme, Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania, Strasburg, USA Compiegne, France Riga Motor Museum, Latvia Museo del Ejercito de Madrid, Spain Sam Tung Uk Museum - Hong Kong Railway Museo del Ferrocarril, Madrid, Spain Museum Museo Nazionale Ferroviario, Naples, Italy Science Museum, London, UK Museo Vasco del Ferrocarril, Azpeitia, Spain Seashore Trolley Museum, Kennebunkport, ME, USA

182 Significant museums

Sparvagsmuseet i Stockholm, Sweden Tramsmusee, Luxembourg STEAM - Museum of the Great Western Railway, Tyrwhitt-Drake Museum of Carriages, Maidstone, Swindon, UK UK Stichting Nederlands Spoorweg Museum, Utrecht, Ulster Folk and Transport Museum, Cultra, UK Netherlands Verkehrshaus der Schweiz, Lucerne, Switzerland Sveriges Jarnvagsmuseum, Gavle, Sweden Verkehrsmuseum Dresden, Germany Toyota Automobile Museum, Aichi, Japan

Aviation Aeronautical Memorial Park, Tokyo, Japan Museu do Ar, Alverca, Portugal American Helicopter Museum and Education Center, Museum of Flight, Seattle, WA, USA West Chester, PA, USA National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Aviodome - National Luchtvaart Museum, Schiphol, Institution, Washington DC, USA Netherlands National Museum of Science & Technology, Ottawa, Brooklands Museum, Weybridge, UK Ont., Canada Central Finland Aviation Museum, Tikkakoski Pima Air & Space Museum, Tucson, AZ, USA Deutsches Technikrnuseum Berlin, Germany RAAF Museum, Point Cook, Vic., Australia FirstWing Historical Centre, Beauvechain, Belgium Royal Air Force Museum, London, UK Museum,, UK Royal Netherlands Military Aviation Museum, Flygvapenmuseum, Link6ping, Sweden Soesterberg, Netherlands Duxford, Cambridge, UK Science Museum, London, UK Kalamazoo Aviation History Museum, MI, USA , nr Biggleswade, UK K6zlekedesi Muzeum Budapest, Hungary US Air Force Museum, Dayton, OH, USA Lone Star Flight Museum, Galveston, TX, USA Verkehrshaus der Schweiz, Lucerne, Switzerland Mag. Repulest6rteneti Muzeum Alapitvany, Szolnok, Western Canada Aviation Museum, Winnipeg, Man., Hungary Canada Musee de l'Air et de l'Espace, Le Bourget, France Wings Over Rockies Air & Space Museum, Musee J A Bombardier, Valcourt, Que., Canada Greenwood Village, CO, USA Musee Royal de l'Armee et d'Histoire Militaire, Yanks Air Museum, Chino, CA, USA Brussels, Belgium Zeppelin Museum, Friedrichshafen, Germany Museo Aeronautico Gianni Caproni, Milan, Italy

Maritime Altonaer Museum in Hamburg, Germany Museum fur Hamburgische Geschichte, Hamburg, Australian National Maritime Museum, Sydney, Germany NSW Mystic Seaport, CT, USA Bangsbo Museet, Frederikshavn, Denmark National Fishing Heritage Centre, Grimsby, UK Bergens Sjofartsmuseum, Bergen, Norway National Maritime Museum, London, UK Eesti Meremuuseum, Tallin, Estonia National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Eibschifffahrtsmuseum Stadt Lauenburg, Lauenberg, Institution, Washington DC, USA Germany Norsk Sjofartsmuseum, Oslo, Norway Handels-og Sofartsmuseet pa Kronborg, Helsingor, Science Museum, London, UK Denmark Tamkang University Maritime Museum, Taipei Maritiem Museum Rotterdam, Netherlands Hsien, Taiwan Museu de Marinha, Lisbon, Portugal Vasamuseet, Stockholm, Sweden Museu Maritimo de Macau, China Verkehrshaus der Schweiz, Lucerne, Switzerland

183 Index

Page numbers in italics refer to Board ofTrade 108, 109, 110, 111 Darwinian theory 12-13 illustrations. Boeing 94, 95, 104 de Havilland 86,87,95, 124 707: 90, 93, 95, 96 Comet 88-90, 93, 94, 95, 96 Accumulatorenfabrik AG (AFA) 23, B-47: 90, 93,104 Comet 1: 81, 89 24,25,26 Braun,Werner von 99 Ghost engine 89, 90 Ader, Clement 154 86, 87, 124 Goblin engine 83,86,89, 125 aero-engine industry, American Bloodhound missile 126 Vampire 83, 120 1930--45: 84-6 Brabazon 88 Dendy Marshall, C F 48 late 1940s and 1950s 93 Busemann, Adolf 113, 116-17, 116, Deutsches Museum 141, 145-6,159 alternative technologies, 118 'city traffic' hall 162, 164 interactions 19-21 express train S 3/6: 163-4, 163 Armstrong-Siddeley 87, 124 car, 'de-mechanised' 65-6 halls 162-3 Sapphire engine 86, 90, 93 car, petrol see also 'automobile' entries 'infrastructure cube' 165 artefacts, interpretation and as 'adventure machine' 27-8 Verkehrszentrum 159-66, 159, display 2, 57, 59 see also exhibits, utilitarian aspect importance 28-9 161 adding context car culture, 'crisis of 1907' 28 'Vision 2003' report 160 artefacts, technical and performance car interiors see also car interiors, Diesel, Eugen 63, 72 characteristics 20 functional development diffusion of innovations 10-11 artefacts and processes, interacting, automatic activation of Doblhoff tip-jet-driven helicopter functional transfer between 22 components 69 system 114, 128-9 automobile see also 'car' entries colour trends 75 Doetsch, Karl 114, 117, 118,118, 'archaeology' 17 communication devices 68 120, 124 structure as abstraction 18, 19 conflicting functions 74-6,79 Douglas 94, 95 systems, hierarchical contemporary interior design DC-4: 88 classification 16-18 influence 75 DC-8: 93, 94, 95, 96 aviation museums 153-5 electronic devices 67-8 driver, separate functions 62-69 Avro Vulcan 123 features, introduction of 75 driving on the road 63, 63, 65, from open to enclosed car 69-72 66,67 BAC/Aerospatiale 126, front-rear separation 65, 69, 70 working a machine 63, 63, 65, 66, 154 gauges/instruments 66-7, 66 67,68 baneries open car, attraction 72 alkaline 24,25,26,27,37 passenger space/view 64-5 Edgerton, David 87,92 Exide 25-6 radios 68 Edison, Thomas 24,25,26,37,38 grid-plate 23-4 safety 76-9 Edison Storage Banery Company interaction among alternatives car interiors, functional development 25,27 22-7 61-2,62,66 Electrical Power Storage Ironclad 27 see also driver, separate functions Company 23, 24 lead 15,16,22-4,26-7 trend towards an artificial Electric Storage Banery Company Phenix 26 environment 72-4 24, 25, 26, 27 tubular-plate 26-7 car technology 14 electric vehicles 9,15,16-17,19,24, battery technology, scheme for Citroen 2CV 74 27,35,37 'artefactual whole' in early Citroen DS 67 'Pluto effect' 37-8 vehicles 28 civil aircraft industry, British 81 simplicity of driving 65 Bedford, National Aeronautical civil aviation, doubt over jets 88 tyres 30-1,32 Establishment 103, 106, 115 Cripps, Sir Stafford 87, 109, 110, English Electric P.l Lightning 120, wind tunnel 107,107 111 121,122,122, 127 Bell Airacomet XP-59: 86 Cugnot's steam wagon 140 exhibits, adding context 167 Blue Steel missile 125, 126 cyborgisation 2 see also artefacts, interpretation BMW aero engines 124, 125, 129 and display Bramo 003 engine 83 Darwin, Sir Horace 110,114 I' I' 184 J Index

Fairey Rotodyne 114, 129 Handley Page Victor 123 locomotives 50,54,55,140,141, Farnborough, Royal Aircraft Heinkel 82 142, 143, 145, 169 see also Rocker, Establishment, integration of He 178: 82 Stephenson's German and British high-speed He 280: 82 improvements 50, 51-2, 55 aerodynamics 114-23 He-S8B engine 82, 83 Planer class 49, 50-2 Advanced Fighter Project He-S30 engine 83 S 3/6 express 163,163 Group 120-1 Heritage Motor Centre 150 London and North Eastern high-speed flight trials 116 Hermann Goring Research Institute, Railway 143 swept-wing transonic research Valkenrode 102-106 London Palmer Tyre Ltd 31 aircraft 118-20,119,124 hybrid power vehicles 38 London Transport Museum 151 V-bombers 122-3 Farren,W S 100-1,102-3 industrial archaeology, learning Mallard 145 Faure, Camille 23, 24 through 47, 48 see also maritime museums 152-3 Fedden, Sir Roy 100,101, 104,105 automobile 'archaeology'; Rocker, Mercedes Benz 77 Focke-Wulf 183: 119, 120 Stephenson's S-class (1992) 73 Fontanellaz, E 173-4 survey benefits 59 Messerschmitt Ford Model T 17 industrial museums, early origins Me 163: 118, 125, 126 Ford Mustang 75 140-2 Me 262: 82, 83,101,114 Forward, E A 48 innovation diffusion 10-11 Michelin 29, 30 Franz, Anselm 83 interartefactual choice, sociotechnical Ministry ofAircraft Production 100, fuel-cell vehicles 38 dilemma 11-14 101, 102, 104-5, 106-7, 114 Inviera 50, 55 Ministry of Supply 114-15, 121 gas-turbine car, Rover 36 Morgan, Morien 114, 117, 118 General Electric 85, 86, 93, 128 jet airliner, British competition with Moss, Sanford 85 CF6 engine 96 USA 94-5 Multhopp, Hans 117,118-19,118, 1-14 engine 86 jet engine 120 }-47 engine 93 Britain's lead 1945-54: 86-8 Musee de I'Air, Paris 154 }-79 engine 93-4 engine design 86-7 Musee des Arts et Metiers, Paris General Motors Truck Co. 27 British competition with USA 140,154 German defence science, financial 88,88-92,96 museum design, principle of 171 value 128-9 bypass 95, 96 Museum of British Transport 144 German high-speed aerodynamics European development, 1935-45: and British defence science 81-4 NAG (Neue Auromobil Gesellschaft) 111-14 see also Farnborough, government attitude to car 72 Royal Aircraft Establishment, development 92 National Advisory Committee on integration of German and British wind tunnel testing 91-2 Aeronautics 84, 92, 115 high-speed aerodynamics Jungner, Waldemar 25 National Maritime Museum 152 German science, utility 123-7 Junkers Jumo 004 engine 83 National Railway Museum, York 47, German scientists Jupirer 169 52, 143-5 exploited by Britain 99-102, National Tramway Museum 151 112-14,113,118 Karman, Theodore von 103, 115 Naworth colliery 52, 56 exploited by France 124-5 Kainer Akkumulatoren-Werke 23, North American F-86 Sabre 93 exploited by USA 99, 103-4 24,25 North Eastern Railway 143 from 'Bizone' employed 108-11 Krieger, Louis 25 Germany, innovations and Kuchemann, Dietrich 113-14, 117, Ohain, Hans von 82 facilities 101, 102-6, 111 118, 123, 126, 127 Oldsmobile (1904) car 175 see also Operation 'Surgeon' Operation 'Surgeon' 99, 106-8,107 Gigon & Guyer (Zurich) 179-80, 181 Lancashire Wirch 54 Gloster E28/39: 82, 82, 85 Liverpool & Railway 49, Palmer, John Fullerton 31 82, 114 51,52,55,56 Philadelphia Storage Battery Goodyear Tire and Rubber Lockheed Constellation 88 Company 26 Company 31,32 Lockheed Shooting Star 86 Plante, Gustave 22 Guided Projectiles Establishment, Lockspeiser, Ben 102, 103, 104 population, concept 13-14 Westcott 112, 125-6 Locomorion 142, 143 Porsche 911SC 78

185 Index

Germany 150 Power Jets Ltd 83 Making the Modern WJrld inland waterways 148-9 Prandtl, Ludwig 115, 116 gallery 47 London Transport 151 Pratt & Whitney 84-5,93,129 ship, sailing 12,20-1 Midlands 149-50 J-48 engine 93 Shuttleworth Collection 154 National Motor Museum 149 J-57 engine 93, 94, 95 Smithsonian National Museum of origins, in Western Europe fT3C engine 96 American History 167-71 139, 144, 145, 155-6 fT9D engine 96 starter motor, electric 16-17 Puffing Billy 140, 141 steam car, Schoche 62 public transport 150-1 Pulqui II 123 Stepan, August 114, 128-9 Tyrwhitt-Drake Museum of Putt, Colonel David 103,108 Stephenson, George 49 Carriages 148 Stephenson, Robert 49, 50 tyres railway museums 143-7 Stephenson, Robert, & Co. 52, 56 cord (bias-ply) 31-2 Britain's first 143--4 Stoewer car 66 interaction among alternatives Brussels 146 substitution processes 10-11 27-32 France 146-7 Switzerland, Verkehrshaus der pneumatic 28-32 Hamar, Norway 142, 145, 146 Schweiz museum 174-80,175, Silvertown 32 Italy 146 176,177,180,181 solid rubber 30 Nuremberg 145 tyre technology, scheme for Switzerland 173--4 Talbot car, British 63 'artefactual whole' in early Utrecht 146 Tank, Kurt 118, 123 vehicles 33 York 47,52, 143-5 technical change, field approach 9, railways, Britain's 142-3, 144 14-16 Van Doorne's Transmissie 33 RainhillTrials 47,50,51,140 'failures' 16, 36 Uzsa 153 Rocket, Stephenson's 47, 49, 50, 51, 'field of application' 14, 20 Vickers V-1000: 93 52, 140, 142 'field of expectation' 14-15 Vickers Valiant 93 accidents 51, 55, 56 technical field 15, 16, 17 Vickers Viscount 81, 88 display options 57-8 technological change, Volta High Speed Conference, 1935: drawings, contemporary 52, 53 evolutionary 12-14,20,36 115, 116, 116 historical context 49-52 technologies, 'old', improving after importance as an artefact 47-8 'new' introduced 12,20-21 Walterwerke, Kiel 125 improvements 50,51,55, 56 technology, interaction and Warren, J G H 48 interpretation problem 56-7 diffusion 10-11 water wheel 12 replicas 48, 58 technology transfer, Weber, Johanna 106, 114, 117, 126, survey 48-9, 51, 52-3, 54-6, 54, interartefactual 21, 22 127 59 'Pluto effect' 9, 34-8 Westinghouse 86 rocketry 125, 126 telephone 11 wheels, 'elastic' 30 Rolls-Royce 83,86,87,92, 124 tractor, diffusion of 37 Whittle, Frank 82, 83, 85, 86-7 Avon engine 86, 89-90, 93, 95, tram, battery 24 Whittle W 1 engine 82, 83, 85-6 119 transmission, continuously variable Winter, Martin 117, 118, 118, 120 Conway engine 95-6 (CVT) 33,34 Woodburn,Arthur 108,109-10, Derwent engine 82, 83, 86, 90 transmission, types 18, 32--4, 34 111-12 Nene engine 83,86,90, 91, 93 transmission technologies, changing Wright Aeronautical Company 84-5, RB-211 engine 96 use in postwar passenger cars 34 93, 129 Rosenberg, Nathan 11, 12,36,94 transmissions, interaction among J-67 engine 93 rotary engine, Le Rhone 176 alternatives 32-4 Rover gas-turbine car 36 transport museums 147-51 see also Zeppelin Museum 154 aviation, maritime and railway 'sailing-ship effect' 12, 20-1 museums; Deutsches Museum; Sans Pareil 140 Science Museum; Smithsonian Science Museum 52, 57-8, National Museum of American 140-1,144, 149 History; Switzerland, Verkehrshaus captured German aircraft der Schweiz museum exhibition 111, 112 Copenhagen 150-1 Children's Gallery 174 France 149

186