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A Vocabulary of the Santali Language

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A Vocabulary of the Santali Language Informazioni su questo libro Si tratta della copia digitale di un libro che per generazioni è stato conservata negli scaffali di una biblioteca prima di essere digitalizzato da Google nell’ambito del progetto volto a rendere disponibili online i libri di tutto il mondo. Ha sopravvissuto abbastanza per non essere più protetto dai diritti di copyright e diventare di pubblico dominio. Un libro di pubblico dominio è un libro che non è mai stato protetto dal copyright o i cui termini legali di copyright sono scaduti. La classificazione di un libro come di pubblico dominio può variare da paese a paese. I libri di pubblico dominio sono l’anello di congiunzione con il passato, rappresentano un patrimonio storico, culturale e di conoscenza spesso difficile da scoprire. 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Google Ricerca Libri aiuta i lettori a scoprire i libri di tutto il mondo e consente ad autori ed editori di raggiungere un pubblico più ampio. Puoi effettuare una ricerca sul Web nell’intero testo di questo libro da http://books.google.com 1 This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com VOCABULARY. ( Ни* . s , /y к '^- Xjl- -t llù VOCABULARY OF THE SÁNTÁLI LANGUAGE. BY THE REV. E. L. PUXLEY, LATE MISSIONAKY OF THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY TO THE SANTALS. PRINTED BY W. M. WATTS, »0, GRAY'S INN ROAD. 1868. EXPLANATION. I. — Of the letters and diacritical marks used in the Vocabulary. In writing Sántáli words I have adopted the system of letters employed by Forbes, Shakesfear, and others, for Roman Hindustani; and as this system is so well known throughout India, it will he only necessary to explain here those marks and points which are peculiar to the present hook, and which I have been compelled to adopt for the representation of sounds peculiar to the Sántáli language. a represents a long, gutteral sound, difficult to describe. It is pronounced very nearly as if it were composed of two short separate a's : for instance, the Sántáli word " bad " might be written " ba-ad," and, is pronounced somewhat like the English "bird" is by people who speak in an affected way, and drop the sound of the r. : occurs only after the final vowel of a word, and takes the place of some consonant which has been dropped ; while ,, on the other hand, occurs only under the final consonant, which, though not entirely dropped, is very slightly sounded. These two marks have been sometimes interchanged, e.g., the Sántáli word for " the eye " has been sometimes written " met", and sometimes " me: "; in the one case, the t is slightly heard ; in the other, it is inaudible. The former (.-) represents a peculiar catch, or jerk, on hearing which, one would suppose that the speaker had suddenly stopped to correct himself. iv EXPLANATION. II. — Of the signs used after the Sántáli words in the Vocabulary. f after some words, denotes that the word so marked belongs to some other Indian language. 0 denotes that the word is derived from some other Indian language. ? after either a Sántáli or an English word, denotes that I have some doubt as to its correctness. * occuring after the names of trees, plants, insects, &c, denotes that it is one of a list of such words which I made some years ago; but, as I overlooked this list when revising the manuscript of the Vocabulary, I do not feel certain that the words of it are correctly spelt or correctly translated.* III. — Of the forms of Verbs as given in the Vocabulary. When possible, the verb has been made to agree with a nominative cass of the common gender and third person singular, and the future and past tenses of the neuter and transitive forms have been given. Transitive verbs also are made (when possible) to govern an accusative case of the third person singular and of tbe common gender, as "ábo.ái, áp,, enái, kedeái," f Sometimes, however, I have been compelled to depart from this arrangement, for — * The mention of such words, notwithstanding the doubt attached to them, may be of some service to those who come after me in this field ; and therefore I have thought it advisable to insert them. t In Sántáli a transitive verb agrees, in number, gender, and person, with the word it governs, as well as with the word with which it agrees (or with what we may call its accusative, as well as with its nominative) ; to effect this agreement two changes occur in the verb, one in the middle, and one at the termination. EXPLANATION. V Some verbs require that the nominative case with which they agree, and the accusative case which they govern, should either, or both, be in the plural or dual number; and some times, again, verbs conjugated as active do not govern an accusative case at all : as " áchhim kedái," " he sneezed." Other verbs can only be conjugated as active, e.g., " achui eái, achu kedeái." Others, again, are only neuter, as " aple:ái, aple enái." Sometimes, when such would be its ordinary use, the verb has been put into the dative form, in one or other of the tenses, as " áchbicho:ái, áchbich enái, ádeái; ájári ái ái, ádeái." Jingling verbs, such as phás phús, uk buk, are of very frequent occurrence: for the sake of brevity, I have only repeated the second of these words in the past tenses, as " akbakáu:ái ; bakáu enái." Double verbs (i.e., two verbs formed into, or used as, one) are also common : here I have simply mentioned the root, as the past tenses of such words may be easily discovered, by referring to the latter of the two verbs in its own place. Occasionally the simple root of a verb, without any tenses, may be met with ; the explanation of this is, that not having ever heard of the past tenses of such words, I preferred not to mention anything of which I did not feel tolerably certain. It should also be remarked, that many transitive verbs, which have been put down in the Vocabulary as forming their perfect tenses in " ked" would also require, in speaking, the causal verb ocho ; as a very slight acquaintance with the language would enable a speaker to put the causal verb in its right place ; and, as this is a point more for a Grammar than a Dictionary, I have not thought it necessary to insert it, except when it was absolutely required. VI EXPLANATION. As most verbs may, in Sántáli, be conjugated either as neuter or transitive, I have, in rendering them into English, mixed together the neuter and transitive signification of them j e.g., "achuro:," "walk about, move about, repent, restore, bring back." POSTSCRIPT. The letters ' nr ' are throughout the Vocabulary the repre sentatives of one Bengali letter ; the n is nasal, and the r to be pronounced as if written r. A Achhimo-.ái, áchhim enái, A:, bow hedái, sneeze Á: sár, bow and arrow Achhá:ái, achhá enái, hedeái, A:a, ? break down surprise, startle, not to ex Aan, 0 law pect Abdán, ? master Achháte, achhági, sud Abhágiya, t luckless, unfor denly, unexpectedly, tunate accidentally Abhrá:, lake, water, piece of Achhámar, sudden water Achráu, to sow a field with rice Abo:ái, áp,, enái, hedeái, alight, to
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