DOCSLIB.ORG

The Synchronic and Diachronic Phonology of Nauruan: Towards a Definitive Classification of an Understudied Micronesian Language

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2-2020 The Synchronic and Diachronic Phonology of Nauruan: Towards a Definitive Classification of an Understudied Micronesian Language Kevin Hughes The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/3599 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] THE SYNCHRONIC AND DIACHRONIC PHONOLOGY OF NAURUAN: TOWARDS A DEFINITIVE CLASSIFICAITON OF AN UNDERSTUDIED MICRONESIAN LANGUAGE by KEVIN HUGHES A dissertation submitted to the Graduate faculty in Linguistics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2020 © 2020 KEVIN HUGHES All Rights Reserved ii The Synchronic and Diachronic Phonology of Nauruan: Towards a Definitive Classification of an Understudied Micronesian Language by Kevin Hughes This manuscript has been read and accepted by the Graduate Faculty in Linguistics in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Date Juliette Blevins Chair of Examining Committee Date Juliette Blevins Acting Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Juliette Blevins Jason Bishop Daniel Kaufman THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT The Synchronic and Diachronic Phonology of Nauruan: Towards a Definitive Classification of an Understudied Micronesian Language by Kevin Hughes Advisor: Prof. Juliette Blevins Nauruan is a Micronesian language spoken in the Republic of Nauru, a small island nation in the central Pacific. Lack of data and difficulty in analysis has hindered progress in better understanding Nauruan for decades, particularly regarding its phonology and its classification within the Micronesian family. Because of these challenges, earlier researchers have presented their work on Nauruan as highly tentative. This dissertation establishes more confident analyses of Nauruan phonology, sound change and classification, which have been made possible through original fieldwork. Approximately one hundred hours of digital recordings have been collected as part of this research, including wordlists, phrases, narratives, and spontaneous speech and conversation. Seventeen individual Nauruan speakers contributed to this work. This diverse body of data has allowed for much needed insight into the Nauruan language and its relation to the other Micronesian languages. A revised Nauruan phoneme inventory is proposed and a range of associated phonological processes are identified and discussed. Particular attention is paid to the phonetics iv of Nauruan speech sounds, including articulatory and acoustic properties of consonants and vowels. Also included is an analysis of Nauruan stress and prosody. Nauruan is shown to have a weight-sensitive stress system, as is typical of Micronesian languages. The prevailing view on Nauruan classification has been that it is a Micronesian language that should be classified apart from all other members of the family. This classification is based on little Nauruan data and should be reevaluated. To this end, this dissertation compiles nearly 300 lexical comparisons and shows regular sound correspondences between Nauruan, Proto-Micronesian and individual Micronesian languages. Additionally, a range of Nauruan morphological paradigms are shown to have parallels across the Micronesian family. The analysis supports classifying Nauruan as a Micronesian language but has produced no compelling evidence for classifying Nauruan apart from the nuclear Micronesian group. As such, the nuclear/non-nuclear distinction within the family appears to be unnecessary. The evidence suggests that all Micronesian languages, including Nauruan, have descended from Proto- Micronesian. Possible classifications for Nauruan within the Micronesian family are discussed and evaluated. Several stages of pre-Nauruan are also reconstructed, which suggests that Nauruan has undergone a significant degree of internal sound change. This may have contributed to earlier perceptions of Nauruan as a non-nuclear Micronesian language. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the support, guidance, and knowledge of many people. I share this achievement with all those who helped me along the way. Firstly, I would like to thank my Nauruan friends for all they have contributed to this work. It has been an honor to work with each of them and I am deeply grateful for their knowledge, wisdom, kindness, and generosity. Thank you to the Language Ladies from the Language Division of the Home Affairs Department, Nauru. I am forever grateful for your friendship and for your dedication to the Nauruan language. I look forward to continuing our work together in the future. Thanks especially to Anita Koroa and Pansy Starr, whose friendship my family and I deeply value. Tubwa kõr, and I hope that Emo Eredu, Becca and I can all visit someday soon. Thanks to Tyrone Deiye, Andrew Kaierua, and Claudia Edward for your knowledge and your friendship. You made some of my most memorable experiences on Nauru possible. Thanks to Arrora Deiye and Trixi Thoma, whose patience and kindness made me feel at home and helped to make this work possible. Thank you, Arrora, for giving my daughter the name Eauwã. She is truly loved. Thanks to Lois Deduna, whose patience and understanding of the Nauruan language helped this work immensely. Thank you, Lois, for giving my daughter the name Eadu. She truly is a gift. Thanks to Joan Moses and Mavis Fritz, for your kindness, your expertise, and your knowledge of the Nauruan language. It is an honor to have worked with you, and I look forward to meeting again in the future. Thanks especially to Joan for my copy of the Bibel n Naoero, which I cherish. Thanks to Pyon Deiye and Junella Clodumar, for the time we spent together and for your patience in helping me understand Nauruan pronunciation. Thanks also to my other consultants, who wish to remain anonymous. Your contributions have been vi invaluable to this work and I am forever grateful. I would also like to express my sincere thanks to Alamanda Lauti, for her assistance in planning my visits to Nauru and for making my time on Nauru so memorable and valuable. Thank you, Alamanda, for your friendship and your kindness. I look forward to seeing you again on my next visit. I express my deepest gratitude to Juliette Blevins. Her expertise was an indispensable source of guidance and inspiration throughout my time at the Graduate Center, and especially in the writing of this dissertation. I thank her for her confidence in my potential as a scholar and documentary linguist. Thanks also to my other committee members, Daniel Kaufman and Jason Bishop, whose guidance was invaluable for the completion of this work. Thanks to Douglas H. Whalen for the opportunities I enjoyed as a volunteer for the Endangered Language Fund, and for his support which helped to pave the way for this achievement. Thanks also to Kevin Roon for his assistance in creating the ultrasound images included in this dissertation. I express my sincere thanks to Lev Blumenfeld for helping me with the logistics of fieldwork on Nauru, which made my first visit to Nauru possible, and for sharing my appreciation for the Nauruan language and the desire to better understand it. I greatly appreciate the cooperative spirit of our work on Nauru, the discussions we have had on Nauruan phonology, and our shared belief that our work should benefit the Nauruan community. I look forward to many more discussions we are sure to have in the future, on Nauruan phonology and beyond. I would also like to thank Stephanie Kakadelis and Vilena Livinsky, whose support helped immensely during the most difficult times in writing this dissertation. Thank you for looking over my work, and thank you for lending an ear. Thanks to my wife Becca for her love and support during all the years I have known her, vii and especially during my time in graduate school. Her confidence in me has carried me through every step leading to this achievement. I thank her for standing by me through the many days I spent away from home and all the long hours that went into this work. Thanks also to my daughter Juniper, who is loved and cherished, and who inspires me to be the best I can be every day. viii Table of Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 The Nauruan Language .................................................................................................... 2 1.1.1 Language Vitality and Historical Context ................................................................. 2 1.1.2 Orthography .............................................................................................................. 7 Nauruan Phonology in the Literature ............................................................................... 8 Data and Fieldwork ........................................................................................................ 11 2 The Nauruan Speech Sounds ................................................................................................ 12 Phonemes and Phonological Distribution .....................................................................
Recommended publications
  • The Paleoecology and Fire History from Crater Lake

    The Paleoecology and Fire History from Crater Lake

    THE PALEOECOLOGY AND FIRE HISTORY FROM CRATER LAKE, COLORADO: THE LAST 1000 YEARS By Charles T. Mogen A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science and Policy Northern Arizona University August 2018 Approved: R. Scott Anderson, Ph.D., Chair Nicholas P. McKay, Ph.D. Darrell S. Kaufman, Ph.D. Abstract High-resolution pollen, plant macrofossil, charcoal and pyrogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) records were developed from a 154 cm long sediment core collected from Crater Lake (37.39°N, 106.70°W; 3328 m asl), San Juan Mountains, Colorado. Several studies have explored Holocene paleo-vegetation and fire histories from mixed conifer and subalpine bogs and lakes in the San Juan and southern Rocky Mountains utilizing both palynological and charcoal studies, but most have been at relatively low resolution. In addition to presenting the highest resolution palynological study over the last 1000 years from the southern Rocky Mountains, this thesis also presents the first high-resolution pyrogenic PAH and charcoal paired analysis aimed at understanding both long-term fire history and the unresolved relationship between how each of these proxies depict paleofire events. Pollen assemblages, pollen ratios, and paleofire activity, indicated by charcoal and pyrogenic PAH records, were used to infer past climatic conditions. Although the ecosystem surrounding Crater Lake has remained a largely spruce (Picea) dominated forest, the proxies developed in this thesis suggest there were two distinct climate intervals between ~1035 to ~1350 CE and ~1350 to ~1850 CE in the southern Rocky Mountains, associated with the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA) respectively.
  • Synchronic and Diachronic Aspects of Valency-Reducing Devices in Oceanic Languages

    Synchronic and Diachronic Aspects of Valency-Reducing Devices in Oceanic Languages

    2016 LINGUA POSNANIENSIS LVIII (2) DoI 10.1515/linpo-2016-0013 Synchronic and diachronic aspects of valency-reducing devices in Oceanic languages Katarzyna Janic Department of Comparative Linguistics, University of zurich e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Katarzyna Janic. Synchronic and diachronic aspects of valency-reducing devices in Oceanic langu- ages. the poznań Society for the advancement of arts and Sciences, pL ISSn 0079-4740, pp. 151-188 this paper sketches out valency-reducing devices available in oceanic languages. the proto-oceanic prefix *paRi- and suffix *-akin[i] are specifically the focus of the discussion, being approached from both synchro- nic and diachronic perspectives. I explain the currently attested functions performed by the reflexes of these two morphemes by assuming that the evolution went in a particular direction: from a very general function to a more specialized, concrete one. among different functions performed by the reflexes of *paRi- and *-akin[i] within the valency-reducing domain, I will show that the antipassive has not been fully recognized and properly designated in linguistic descriptions of the oceanic languages yet. Keywords: oceanic languages, valency, plurality of relations, detransitivization, antipassive 1. Introduction the question of valency and valency-changing devices in oceanic languages has been extensively discussed in the literature (ozanne-Rivierre 1976; Moyse-Faurie 1983, 2007, 2008, 2016, 2017; Schlie 1983; Lichtenberk 1985, 1991, 2000, 2007, 2008: 54-163; Schütz 1985; Dixon 1988: 45-51; Mosel & hovdhaugen 1992: 693-774, 720-741; B. Ev- ans 2003: 301-309; Davis 2003: 110-178; Bril 2005; naess 2013; among many others). While some of the scholars have investigated it diachronically with the aim to reconstruct these devices within the proto-oceanic system (harrison 1982; B.
  • Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions—1

    Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions—1

    Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions—1 Byron W. Bender, Ward H. Goodenough, Frederick H. Jackson, Jeffrey C. Marck, Kenneth L. Rehg, Ho-min Sohn, Stephen Trussel, and Judith W. Wang1 university of hawai‘i and university of pennsylvania Part 1 presents some 980 reconstructions for Proto-Micronesian, Proto–Central Micronesian, and Proto–Western Micronesian. Part 2 (to appear in volume 42 [2]) gives reconstructions for two additional subgroups within Proto-Micronesian: Proto-Pohnpeic and Proto-Chuukic, and their immediate ancestor, Proto– Pohnpeic-Chuukic. A handful of putative loans are also identi²ed, and a single English ²nder list is provided for all of the reconstructions. INTRODUCTION. Lexical data for a number of Micronesian languages began to be collected systematically in the mid-1960s as part of the development of language lessons for the U.S. Peace Corps and in connection with other Micronesian language projects that followed at the University of Hawai‘i. These data were stored on a main- frame computer using programs then being developed (Hsu and Peters 1984), and eventually dictionaries were published for a number of the languages included in this study (Elbert 1972, Abo et al. 1976, Lee 1976, Sohn and Tawerilmang 1976, Harrison and Albert 1977, Jensen 1977, Rehg and Sohl 1979, Goodenough and Sugita 1980, Jackson and Mark 1991). Comparative work using these data began with Marck 1977, focusing on the group of languages referred to as Nuclear Micronesian. In the next several years, the authors of the current study put the initial data on computer and sub- stantially added to them by directly eliciting information from speakers of Microne- sian languages who were students in the Bilingual Education Project for Micronesia at the University of Hawai‘i.
  • REPUBLIC of NAURU GOVERNMENT GAZETTE PUBLISHED by AUTHORITY ------No

    REPUBLIC of NAURU GOVERNMENT GAZETTE PUBLISHED by AUTHORITY ------No

    REPUBLIC OF NAURU GOVERNMENT GAZETTE PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ No. 103 01st August, 2012 Nauru ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ G.N.No. 394 / 2012 APPOINTMENT OF ACTING CHIEF SECRETARY & ACTING SECRETARY TO CABINET It is notified for general information that Cabinet at its meeting held on 27th July, 2012 and in pursuance to Article 25 Clause 1 of the Constitution of Nauru, approved the appointment of Mr. Michael. Cain to act as Chief Secretary & Secretary to Cabinet effective 1st August, 2012 and until the return of Mr. Bernard Grundler. Dated this 27th day of July, 2012 SASIKUMAR PARAVANOOR ACTING CHIEF SECRETARY G.N.No. 395 / 2012 APPOINTMENT OF AMBASSADOR OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY TO THE REPUBLIC OF NAURU It is notified for general information that Cabinet, at its meeting held on 20th July, 2012 has approved the recommendation that Cabinet pursuant to Article 4 and 5(1) of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961, approved the appointment of Mr. Reha Keskintepe as non-residential Ambassador of the Republic of Turkey to the Republic of Nauru. ACCREDITATION OF HER EXCELLENCY AMBASSADOR MARLENE MOSES AS PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF NAURU TO THE UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION (UNESCO) It is notified for general information that Cabinet, at its meeting held on 27th July, 2012 has approved the
  • Active Applicant Report Type Status Applicant Name

    Active Applicant Report Type Status Applicant Name

    Active Applicant Report Type Status Applicant Name Gaming PENDING ABAH, TYRONE ABULENCIA, JOHN AGUDELO, ROBERT JR ALAMRI, HASSAN ALFONSO-ZEA, CRISTINA ALLEN, BRIAN ALTMAN, JONATHAN AMBROSE, DEZARAE AMOROSE, CHRISTINE ARROYO, BENJAMIN ASHLEY, BRANDY BAILEY, SHANAKAY BAINBRIDGE, TASHA BAKER, GAUDY BANH, JOHN BARBER, GAVIN BARRETO, JESSE BECKEY, TORI BEHANNA, AMANDA BELL, JILL 10/1/2021 7:00:09 AM Gaming PENDING BENEDICT, FREDRIC BERNSTEIN, KENNETH BIELAK, BETHANY BIRON, WILLIAM BOHANNON, JOSEPH BOLLEN, JUSTIN BORDEWICZ, TIMOTHY BRADDOCK, ALEX BRADLEY, BRANDON BRATETICH, JASON BRATTON, TERENCE BRAUNING, RICK BREEN, MICHELLE BRIGNONI, KARLI BROOKS, KRISTIAN BROWN, LANCE BROZEK, MICHAEL BRUNN, STEVEN BUCHANAN, DARRELL BUCKLEY, FRANCIS BUCKNER, DARLENE BURNHAM, CHAD BUTLER, MALKAI 10/1/2021 7:00:09 AM Gaming PENDING BYRD, AARON CABONILAS, ANGELINA CADE, ROBERT JR CAMPBELL, TAPAENGA CANO, LUIS CARABALLO, EMELISA CARDILLO, THOMAS CARLIN, LUKE CARRILLO OLIVA, GERBERTH CEDENO, ALBERTO CENTAURI, RANDALL CHAPMAN, ERIC CHARLES, PHILIP CHARLTON, MALIK CHOATE, JAMES CHURCH, CHRISTOPHER CLARKE, CLAUDIO CLOWNEY, RAMEAN COLLINS, ARMONI CONKLIN, BARRY CONKLIN, QIANG CONNELL, SHAUN COPELAND, DAVID 10/1/2021 7:00:09 AM Gaming PENDING COPSEY, RAYMOND CORREA, FAUSTINO JR COURSEY, MIAJA COX, ANTHONIE CROMWELL, GRETA CUAJUNO, GABRIEL CULLOM, JOANNA CUTHBERT, JENNIFER CYRIL, TWINKLE DALY, CADEJAH DASILVA, DENNIS DAUBERT, CANDACE DAVIES, JOEL JR DAVILA, KHADIJAH DAVIS, ROBERT DEES, I-QURAN DELPRETE, PAUL DENNIS, BRENDA DEPALMA, ANGELINA DERK, ERIC DEVER, BARBARA
  • Cedar Breaks National Monument NRCA

    Cedar Breaks National Monument NRCA

    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Cedar Breaks National Monument Natural Resource Condition Assessment Natural Resource Report NPS/NCPN/NRR—2018/1631 ON THIS PAGE Markagunt Penstemon. Photo Credit: NPS ON THE COVER Clouds over Red Rock. Photo Credit:© Rob Whitmore Cedar Breaks National Monument Natural Resource Condition Assessment Natural Resource Report NPS/NCPN/NRR—2018/1631 Author Name(s) Lisa Baril, Kimberly Struthers, and Patricia Valentine-Darby Utah State University Department of Environment and Society Logan, Utah Editing and Design Kimberly Struthers May 2018 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service. The series supports the advancement of science, informed decision-making, and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series also provides a forum for presenting more lengthy results that may not be accepted by publications with page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner.
  • Letter Post Compendium Nauru

    Letter Post Compendium Nauru

    Letter Post Compendium Nauru Currency : Australian Dollar Basic services Mail classification system (Conv., art. 13.3; Regs., art. RL 120) 1 Based on speed of treatment of items (Regs., art. RL 120.2): Yes 1.1 Priority and non-priority items may weigh up to 5 kilogrammes (Regs., art. RL 122.1). Whether admitted No or not: 2 Based on contents of items (Regs., art. RL 122.2): No 2.1 Letters and small packets weighing up to 5 kilogrammes (Regs., art. RL 122.2.1). Whether admitted or No not (dispatch and receipt): 2.2 Printed papers weighing up to 5 kilogrammes (Regs., art. RL 122.2.2). Whether admitted or not for No dispatch (obligatory for receipt): 3 Classification of post items to the letters according to their size (Conv., art. 14; Regs., art. RL 121.2) Yes Optional supplementary services 4 Insured items (Conv., art. 15.2; Regs., art. RL 138.1) 4.1 Whether admitted or not (dispatch and receipt): No 4.2 Whether admitted or not (receipt only): No 4.3 Declaration of value. Maximum sum 4.3.1 surface routes: No limits 4.3.2 air routes: No limits 4.3.3 Labels (RL 138.6.3 et 138.6.4) . CN 06 label or two labels (CN 04 and pink "Valeur déclarée" (insured) - label) used: 4.4 Offices participating in the service: - 4.5 Services used: 4.5.1 air services (IATA airline code): ON (Nauru Airlines) 4.5.2 sea services (names of shipping companies): 4.6 Office of exchange to which a duplicate CN 24 formal report must be sent (Regs., art.
  • October 2011

    October 2011

    OCTOBER 2011 10.1 Cyprus Independence Day – after a five-year Cyprus struggle, Cyprus won its independence from the UK in 1960 People's Republic of China Birthday - a two-day China celebration of the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 Unification Day - marks the anniversary of the Cameroon British Southern Cameroons’ independence from the United Kingdom and unification with French Cameroun in 1961 Captains Regent Day – the day on which the two San Marino heads of state, the two “Regent Captains,” are invested with their powers in Piazza Liberta; occurs twice per year Independence Day - the Compact of Free Palau Association took effect on this day in 1994; it established a constitutional government in free association with the United States Armed Forces Day South Korea Independence Day - commemorates three events: Nigeria when Nigeria gained independence from Britain in 1960, became a federal republic with new constitution in 1963, and restored to civilian rule in 1979 10.1 Patriotism Day Rwanda Mehregan (Autumn Festival) – also known as the Iran Persian Festival of Autumn, is an ancient Persian fest which is dedicated to Mehr (or Mithra/Mitra), the goddess and symbol of light, friendship, faith, love and kindness National Day - commemorates the founding of Hong Kong People’s Republic of China on this day in 1949 Tuvalu Day (Independence Day) - commemorates Tuvalu independence from the United Kingdom International Music Day - proclaimed by the International UN/UNESCO in 1975 as an annual event to celebrate music 10.2 Gandhi
  • Gazette 17-21

    Gazette 17-21

    REPUBLIC OF NAURU GOVERNMENT GAZETTE PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No. 17 12th February, 2021 Nauru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- G.N.No. 44/2021 PUBLIC SERVICE ACT 2016 SECTION 27(2) NOTICE OF APPOINTMENT It is notified for general information that the following officer appointment is effective as of 1st July, 2018; DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE AND BORDER CONTROL (Prison & Correctional Services) Name Position Salary Scale Gaunibwe Fritz Correctional Officer Band 5.1- $12,983 per annum DATED this 5th day of February, 2021 SASIKUMAR PARAVANOOR ACTING CHIEF SECRETARY ______________________________________________________________________________________________ G.N.No. 45/2021 PUBLIC SERVICE ACT 2016 SECTION 27 (2b) NOTICE OF APPOINTMENT It is notified for general information that the following officer appointment is effective as of 30th December, 2019; DEPARTMENT OF POLICE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES (Administration) Name Position Salary Scale Pinkey Agir Cleaner Band 1.1- $9,724 per annum DATED this 5th day of February, 2021 SASIKUMAR PARAVOONAR ACTING CHIEF SECRETARY _______________________________________________________________________________________________ -2- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  • PUBLIC POLICY: by Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of in Dr. Jungho Baek, Committee Chair

    PUBLIC POLICY: by Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of in Dr. Jungho Baek, Committee Chair

    Tourism development and public policy: perceptions of the Chuukese community Item Type Thesis Authors Perez, Gerald San Agustin Download date 05/10/2021 09:13:24 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/10527 TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC POLICY: PERCEPTIONS OF THE CHUUKESE COMMUNITY By Gerald San Agustin Perez A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Rural Tourism Development: Interdisciplinary Program University of Alaska Fairbanks May 2019 APPROVED: Dr. Jungho Baek, Committee Chair Dr. Fred Schumann, Committee Co-Chair Dr. Jennifer Caroll, Committee Member Dr. Ansito Walter, Committee Member Dr. Mark Herrmann, Dean School of Management Dr. Michael Castellini, Dean of the Graduate School Abstract Tourism is a widely used tool for economic development in small insular communities. This mixed methods study examines factors that influence residents' perceptions toward tourism development in Chuuk and the relevance of “complexity theory” in describing the island's stage of development. Empirical evidence and data triangulation corroborate general support for tourism development and sensitivity to cultural impacts, economic impacts, social impacts, environmental impacts, local control and sustainability. Economic and cultural impacts were the strongest factors influencing perceptions and are most significant to sustainable development and destination development. This reflects residents' beliefs that the island will benefit from tourism because of perceived improvements in the economy, infrastructure, tourist facilities and expanded social amenities. It also reflects residents' expectations for long term planning, managed growth, and laws to protect the environment. Some differences and similarities are noted between sampled residents living in Chuuk and Guam.
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Marine Geophysical Study

    UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Marine Geophysical Study

    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Marine Geophysical Study of Cyclic Sedimentation and Shallow Sill Intrusion in the Floor of the Central Gulf of California A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Oceanography by Jared W. Kluesner Committee in Charge: Professor Peter Lonsdale, Chair Professor Paterno Castillo Professor Graham Kent Professor Falko Kuester Professor Michael Tryon Professor Edward Winterer 2011 Copyright Jared Kluesner, 2011 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Jared W. Kluesner is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and in form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Chair University of California, San Diego 2011 iii To my parents, Tony and Donna Kluesner and my grandfather James Kluesner iv "...Let us go, we said, into the Sea of Cortez, realizing that we become forever a part of it" The Log from the Sea of Cortez John Steinbeck v TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page ...................................................................................... iii Dedication.............................................................................................. iv Epigraph ................................................................................................ v Table of Contents .................................................................................. vi List of Figures ........................................................................................ ix Acknowledgments ................................................................................
  • Nauru Census 2011 - Preliminary Report Begin in July

    Nauru Census 2011 - Preliminary Report Begin in July

    REPUBLIC OF NAURU Nauru Bulletin INSIDE THIS ISSUE: I S S U E 0 1 - 2 0 1 2 / 5 2 7 JANUARY 2012 Australian seasonal worker program to Nauru census 2011 - preliminary report begin in July Camilla Solomon takes up new job The work of the Census team at the Nauru Statistic Bureau is still ongoing but the progress work with ADB to date is summarised in this article. 200 households to Household Fieldwork Exercise (Actual) receive concrete Preliminary Census 2011 2011 Results The two-week fieldwork commenced on 31st water tanks Household : 1,660 October 2011 however most supervisors were Population : 9,947 given extra time to edit their forms and submit President’s Institution : 139 their workload on 23rd November and the Christmas banquet Total : 10,086 Location supervisor was allowed a further extension to 26th November. Fieldwork Training Census fieldwork training was Having recently carried out on Monday completed tertiary October 17th 2011, for the studies in Taiwan and a duration of two weeks ending year in a Chinese on October 28th 2011. The language course, training took place at the Mr Asterio Appi was Tomano Room, Meneñ Hotel. recruited for a short period to assist in inter- The workload was distributed viewing Chinese amongst the 54 recruitments respondents. which consisted of nine Assistant Coordinator Ms Lidira supervisors and 45 enumerators. Ephraim and Census Coordinator Manual Data Editing The supervisors and Mr Lindsay Thoma go through Data editing is scheduled enumerators were evenly to commence next week completed census forms distributed among the electoral (9 Jan) for 12 weeks.