DOCSLIB.ORG

The Upper Mustang (Nepal) Ecosystem: Population, Water Quality and Tourism A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Upper Mustang (Nepal) Ecosystem: Population, Water Quality and Tourism A The Upper Mustang (Nepal) ecosystem: Population, water quality and tourism A. M. Boselli,∗ G. U. Caravello, and A. Baroni Environmental Medicine and Public Health Department- Padua University (Italy) ∗Corresponding author: Dip. di Medicina Ambientale e Sanit`aPubblica, Universit`adiPadova—Via L. Loredan, 18-35131 Padova (Italy); Fax: 0039 049 8275395; E-mail: [email protected] Upper Mustang, a Nepalese valley of high environmental, social and historical interest, and part of the Mustang District, is located in the Trans Himalayan Region, bordering Tibet to the North, East and West, and from the South along the Kali-Gandaky Valley. The Upper Mustang area was opened to controlled tourism in 1992, such that no more than one thousand trekkers are allowed to visit this area annually. In order to give a clear view of the environmental quality in Upper Mustang, an evaluation has been made of socio-economic factors, water quality conditions, and tourism characteristics using a combination of biophysical parameters, demographic and human considerations, and the Tourist Positioning Index. With respect to ecosystem health, river water quality, spring water quality, state of human ecology and carrying capacity were considered. The observations from this study show that village water resources are vulnerable due to fecal pollution. Water used for drinking is exposed to human and animal fecal pollution because the area is almost totally devoid of sewage systems for the effective disposal of wastewater and human wastes. It is necessary to carry out drainage system in the villages and to protect the taps from animal and human fecal wastes with ‘respect areas.’ Keywords: human ecology, health Introduction A secondary purpose was to assess and provide an anal- ysis of the impacts of tourism on the valley’secosystem Knowledge of water resources quality and quantity health, with particular attention to water quality. in any country is obviously beneficial for maintaining high levels of water quality, which in turn is critical for the maintenance of essential life support systems, Study area human health and well-being, as well as the use of water for productive economic activities. Upper Mustang, part of Mustang District, is located Upper Mustang, a Nepalese valley of high envi- in the Trans Himalayan Region, bordering Tibet to the ronmental, social and historical interest, is part of the North, East and West, and from the South along the Mustang District and was only opened to controlled Kali-Gandaky valley. Protected by the Himalaya moun- tourism in 1992. In order to evaluate the sustainability tains, which stop monsoons, Upper Mustang experi- and the quality of tourism in the area, our field unit car- ences rare rainfalls concentrated in July and August. ried out a specific trekking mission in June 2000. The The average altitude in the villages is 3,600 m. The primary purpose of our research was to define some es- region covers an area of about 2,567 km2, with 20 small sential components of ecosystem health based on bio- and large settlements. It has the smallest forest area in physical, socio-economic and human health elements. Chhuksang (16 km2). The forest is heavily exploited 285 Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 8(3):285–291, 2005. Copyright C 2005 AEHMS. ISSN: 1463-4988 print / 1539-4077 online DOI: 10.1080/14634980500221013 Downloaded from http://read.dukeupress.edu/aehm/article-pdf/8/3/285/885394/285boselli.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 286 Boselli et al. / Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management 8 (2005) 285–291 by the Khampas (Tibetan refugees) such that there is Water quality information was used to determine now a scarcity of fuelwood. the consequences of fecal deposition into surface wa- There are seven Village Development Commit- ters and groundwater on the four main potential uses of tees (VDCs): Lo Manthang, the capital of the ancient water, human/domestic use, recreation, irrigation and Kingdom ‘Lo,’ Chhksang, Ghemi, Tzarang, Chhoser, aquatic life maintenance. For water quality analysis, Chhonup and Surkhang. The VDC is the basic unit of various analytical methods were used, including site political authority in each district where VDC mem- monitoring and laboratory analysis, interviews and per- bers, representing political parties, are democratically sonal observations supported by literature. Both sur- elected. face and drinking water were analysed. The possible As in the other part of northern Annapurna, people pollution of water was assayed by different kinds of migrate south in winter. The people rely on agricul- indicators: microbiological analysis and biotic indices ture in an area of 33 km2, raise livestock and trade used in Europe, also for extreme Alpine environments, to India and Tibet. Millet, buckwheat, oats, barley, Extended Biotic Index (EBI), Biological Monitoring wheat, potato, peas and mustard are the major agro- Working Party (BMWP). No index with different coun- products. Major livestock are yaks, horses, mules, goats try of origin can be used satisfactorily to identify the and sheep. pollution level of country with different fauna. There- fore, we used also a method developed for Nepal, Methods the Nepalese Biotic Score (NEPBIOS). The EBI, the BMWP’ and the NEPBIOS are freshwater pollution The first consideration of the study was selection bio-monitoring indices based on benthic macroinver- of proper indicators and descriptors for a tourism- tebrate communities inhabiting rivers, streams and related ecosystem health assessment. A core set of two creeks (Ghetti, 1986; Alba-Tercedor, 2000; Moog and classes of integrated environmental indicators, socio- Sharma, 2001). Drinking water was analysed at 9 economic conditions and water quality, was selected sampling points (public taps) in 8 villages: Kagbeni, (Bertollo, 1998). The integration of these two sets of Tangbe, Chusang, Chele, Samar, Syangmochen, Ghemi indicators provided some indication of tourism impact and Tsarang (Table 1). on ecosystem health, comprising both the ecological In order to identify the areas where changes in the and human component of the Upper Mustang. abiotic and biotic system occurred, we located 4 sam- The cultural aspect of tourism impact was examined pling stations along the Kaligandaki river, Kagbeni, through the investigation of the local socio-economic Chele (Bridge), Ghemi and Tsarang (Figure 1). situation, observation of the demographic profile, pop- The use of biological indicators for assessing the ulation distribution and tourist presence. Data were quality of the environment comes from the concept obtained through from the Central Bureau of Statis- that variations of the physical and chemical character- tics (CBS, 2002) and through personal interviews and istics superior to the homeostatic capacity of the organ- surveys in many villages of the area. As outlined by isms, induce qualitative and quantitative modification Jansen-Verbeke (1993) we drew up a list of characteris- to the structure of the community. A class of biolog- tics that distinguish a more positive sustainable tourism ical quality corresponds to each value of the indices, (soft) from that which is more negative and economi- which then is visualized in cartography by means of cally narrow (hard). The quantization of the check-list allowed us to set out an Index of Touristic Position (IPT) showing the tourism phenomena on a percentage scale. The environmental impact of tourism was assessed primarily through the analysis of water quality, al- though there were additional ecological impacts that are discussed in brief (Boselli, 2003). Tourism impact on water quality conditions was analysed by examining the relationship between spe- cific water quality parameters and anthropic conditions within the context of the overall biophysical environ- ment. These provided an indication of human impact on the biophysical environment and the quality of the local water supply. Figure 1. Population by age and gender (2001). Downloaded from http://read.dukeupress.edu/aehm/article-pdf/8/3/285/885394/285boselli.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 on 29 September 2021 by guest Downloaded from http://read.dukeupress.edu/aehm/article-pdf/8/3/285/885394/285boselli.pdf Table 1. Springs and fountains’ water samples: physical and bacteriological data—Upper Mustang, 2000. CFU 100 ml−1 Sampling Air H2O Cond. Moulds No. point Altitude (m) Latitude Longitude Date Time (◦C) (◦C) pH (µScm−1)CTECEBYeasts 1 Kagbeni 2866 28◦50.294 83◦47.294 30.05.00 17,15 18 17,9 9,3 0,96 170 32 28 50 2Tangbe 3040 28◦53.414 83◦48.323 31.05.00 10,45 30 1,57 >300 20 12 24 3 Chusang 2980 28◦54.871 83◦49.184 31.05.00 14 27 19,5 11,5 3,48 >300 18 3 135 4 Chele 3100 28◦55.860 83◦49.615 31.05.00 15,45 24 19,42 8,75 3,11 189 34 28 15 5 Samar 3575 28◦57.695 83◦48.055 1.06.00 9,58 28 13,2 8,76 2,48 410 6 2 18 6 Syangmoc 3805 28◦59.482 83◦50.304 1.06.00 15,1 23 16,9 8,04 3,58 >300 120 14 10 hen 7 Ghemi 1 3582 29◦03.639 83◦52.555 2.06.00 13,13 13 8,8 2,8 30 6 10 10 8 Ghemi 2 3582 29◦03.639 83◦52.555 2.06.00 13,25 13 8,8 2,8 >300 37 31 10 9 Tsarang 3583 29◦05.535 83◦55.946 3.06.00 8,51 27 14,1 8,15 1,31 >300 11 >300 52 CT = Total Bacteria; EC = Escherichia coli; EB = Enterobacteriacae; CFU = Colony Forming Unit. 287 288 Boselli et al. / Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management 8 (2005) 285–291 different colors and the values of reference so as to Tourist presence and impact assign them to their class of quality for the EBI (Ghetti, 1997), BMWP’(Alba-Tercedor, 2000) and NEPBIOS Opened to controlled tourism only in 1992, not more (Moog and Sharma, 2001) indices with their relative, than one thousand trekkers are allowed to visit the Up- internationally recognized, thematic colors.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Returning Footage to the Himalayas
    VF50.qxd 28/02/2003 11:17 Page 10 Feature Returning Footage to the Himalayas Over the New Year, two members of the Digital Himalaya project team travelled to remote parts of Nepal and on to Gangtok, the capital of the state of Sikkim in north-east India, to return footage shot between the 1930s and 1960s. Mark Turin and Sara Shneiderman describe and document the process. ‘It’s as if our life span has been doubled’ the system, creating a dynamic tool for parts of Burma, principally collected by said Rinchen Lhamo, a 65-year old comparative research. five different anthropologists and grandmother from the village of Lubra, travellers. These materials were com- Mustang district, Nepal, after she Collections piled as an analogue videodisc in the watched digitised 16mm footage of her The five collections involved in the first 1980s, and included some 10,000 mother in 1962 on a portable DVD phase of the project make use of a wide photographs, a large number of film and player. ‘How could I ever expect to see range of original recording media and sound clips, and original fieldwork her face again?’ she continued, echoing were chosen for their historical value diaries and notes in an associated the delight and surprise of many and their coverage of diverse geo- database. The videodisc is now prac- villagers as they viewed this historic graphical areas and ethnic peoples of the tically obsolete, and we hope to re- footage of their region and relatives for Himalayan region: release it in a digital format. the very first time.
    [Show full text]
  • Need of Recognition of Traditional Institution and Use of Indigenous Knowledge in Climate Change Adaptation: a Case-Study in Mustang District, Nepal
    Nep J Environ Sci (2016), 4, 53-62 ISSN 2350-8647 Research Article Need of recognition of traditional institution and use of indigenous knowledge in climate change adaptation: A case-study in Mustang district, Nepal Sushant Acharya1*, Ramu Subedi2 and Hridaya Shrestha3 1South Asia Institute for Advanced Studies (SIAS), Kathmandu 2Nepal Environment and Scientific Society, Kathmandu 3District Soil Conservation Office, Mustang Abstract Contemporary researches have revealed that traditional institutions are very strong in governing natural resources. They possess rich pool of indigenous knowledge which is valuable to adapt extreme environmental conditions. On the other side, it is less studied about how indigenous knowledge can be used and how traditional institutions can be mobilized in planned climate change adaptation initiatives at local level. In the mean time, Mustang district has prepared climate adaptation plans for all communities and declared as the first district to have such plans. On this backdrop, this study has explored climate change, state of adaptation and role of traditional institutions impacts in Mustang. The findings of the study revealed that climate change in Mustang is at much faster pace than in other regions. Local people have practiced autonomous adaptation and used indigenous knowledge in diversifying livelihood opportunities. The traditional institution- Mukhiya and mother groups have played important role in adaptation process through good governance of critical natural resources- forest, land and water. They practiced equity in participation and benefit sharing. The planned adaptation process has initiated by formal institutions following a participatory approach. But, these adaptation plans have neither recognized the role of Mukhiya nor mentioned about the use of indigenous knowledge in adaption processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area Cggk"0F{ ;+/If0f If]Qsf :Tgwf/L Jgohgt' Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area - 2019
    Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]qsf :tgwf/L jGohGt' Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area - 2019 ISBN 978-9937-8522-8-9978-9937-8522-8-9 9 789937 852289 National Trust for Nature Conservation Annapurna Conservation Area Project Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal Hariyo Kharka, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal National Trust for Nature Conservation P.O. Box: 3712, Kathmandu, Nepal P.O. Box: 183, Kaski, Nepal Tel: +977-1-5526571, 5526573, Fax: +977-1-5526570 Tel: +977-61-431102, 430802, Fax: +977-61-431203 Annapurna Conservation Area Project Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website: www.ntnc.org.np Website: www.ntnc.org.np 2019 Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]qsf :tgwf/L jGohGt' National Trust for Nature Conservation Annapurna Conservation Area Project 2019 Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]qsf :tgwf/L jGohGt' Published by © NTNC-ACAP, 2019 All rights reserved Any reproduction in full or in part must mention the title and credit NTNC-ACAP. Reviewers Prof. Karan Bahadur Shah (Himalayan Nature), Dr. Naresh Subedi (NTNC, Khumaltar), Dr. Will Duckworth (IUCN) and Yadav Ghimirey (Friends of Nature, Nepal). Compilers Rishi Baral, Ashok Subedi and Shailendra Kumar Yadav Suggested Citation Baral R., Subedi A. & Yadav S.K. (Compilers), 2019. Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area. National Trust for Nature Conservation, Annapurna Conservation Area Project, Pokhara, Nepal. First Edition : 700 Copies ISBN : 978-9937-8522-8-9 Front Cover : Yellow-bellied Weasel (Mustela kathiah), back cover: Orange- bellied Himalayan Squirrel (Dremomys lokriah).
    [Show full text]
  • Antiquity of Nepali Mathematics E
    American Research Journal of History and Culture(ARJHC) ISSN(online)- 2378-9026 Volume 2016 10 Pages Research Article Open Access Antiquity of Nepali Mathematics E. R. Acharya (PhD) Central Department of Education([email protected] University),University Campus, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal Abstract The mathematics developed before the written recorded history is called antiquity of mathematics. It is the the people, culture and mathematics in totality. The mathematics is practices very early as old as the human fundamental basis for the historical developments of mathematics. It has greater significance in understanding very early mathematics either as rock art or formation of chambers as administrative room. The utensils, fossils civilization and it is also true for in context of Nepal. In High Himalayan Region there are so many symbols of antiquity of Nepali mathematics. and physical contractions of Zhong Kiore Cave of Mustang as evidences. The aim of this paper is to exploration Keywords: Antiquity, Prehistory, Archeology, Himalayas, Mathematics Introduction understanding the people, culture, rituals and mathematics in totality. Here it is concern to Nepal. Nepal lies onAntiquity the laps is of the the basic large foundationranges Himalaya of history before and millions civilization years agoof eachit laid society. under theIt has Tethys greater Sea. Duesignificance to millions in years’ geological and tectonic movement and geographical disasters the level of Tethys Sea became higher and higher and form folded rocks and mountains. In course of time it was changed as high Himalayas, Lower Mountain, Peasant Valleys and large plains in southern regions continuously. Consequently, various water-lakes, snowflakes,The Himalayas rivers are were among formed, the youngest like Mahendra mountain Lake, ranges Gosaikunda, on the planet.Fewa Lake Their and origin Kathmandu dates back Valley, to theetc.
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Mustang
    Upper Mustang Overview Travelling through the forbidden lands of Upper Mustang is rare and a privilege. Experience the true life or real mountain people of Nepal. Trekking in this region is similar to trekking in Tibet, which geographically is part of the Upper Mustang. In the Mustang, the soul of a man is still considered to be as real as oneself. Despite the hardness of the almost treeless landscapes, with a countryside alike Tibetan plateau, beauty and happiness flourishes within the inhabitants and villages. The region was part of the Tibetan Kingdom of Gungthang until 1830’s. Lo Monthang, the unofficial capital is a fabled medieval wall city still remaining a Kingdom within the Kingdom. It is full of cultural and religious heritage. Its early history is embellished in myth and legends. The Mustang has preserved its status as an independent principality until 1951. Lo Monthang still has a King to which the rank of Colonel was given in the Nepalese Army. Required number of participants: min 2, max 12 The start dates refer to the arrival date in Kathmandu and the end date refers to the earliest you can book for our return flight home. When departing from Europe allow for an overnight flight to Kathmandu, but on the return it is possible to depart in the morning and arrive on the same day. Private trips are welcomed if the scheduled dates do not fit, although we do require a minimum of three people in any team. We have our own office and guesthouse ready and waiting for any dates you may prefer.
    [Show full text]
  • Himalayan Borders and Borderlands: Mobility, State Building, and Identity
    Himalayan Borders and Borderlands: Mobility, State Building, and Identity This review article engages with recent ethnographic research on ‘borders’ and ‘borderlands’ in the Himalayan region. We examine how recent scholarship published primarily between 2012-2018 engages with borderland theory as it intersects with issues of state building, ethnicity, language, religion, and tourism. As the scholarly canon moves away from disparate areas studies approaches, this paper investigates how Himalayan scholarship views borders as comprising a multivariate geographical, cultural, and political network of history and relationships undergoing continual transformation. As emerging scholars from both within and outside the Himalaya, we separate the article into four sub- sections that each connect to our respective interests. Our intention is not to propose an alternative conceptual framework or set of terminologies to borderland studies, but to bring together various inter-disciplinary approaches that view borders as sites of continuity and discontinuity, with the power to transform livelihoods for the better and at times perpetuate forms of violence and inequality. Keywords: borders, borderlands, Himalaya, mobility, state building, identity 1 Introduction How do Himalayan borders become contested spaces of continuity and discontinuity in relation to the borderland communities that occupy them, and the non-inhabitants that relate to them? How does this tension link to ongoing projects of mobility, state formation, and identity politics? This article reviews recent ethnographic research on Himalayan borders and borderlands surrounding state building, development, tourism, ethnicity, language, and religion, with a focus on material published between 2012-2018. We critically engage with notions of ‘borders’ and ‘borderlands’, to explore how recent scholarship has engaged with changing borderland theory as it reflects on Himalayan place and personhood.
    [Show full text]
  • Nepal Country Strategic Opportunities Programme 2021-2026
    Document: EB 2021/132/R.19 Agenda: 12(b)(i)(a) Date: 22 March 2021 E Distribution: Public Original: English Nepal Country Strategic Opportunities Programme 2021-2026 Note to Executive Board representatives Focal points: Technical questions: Dispatch of documentation: Nigel Brett Deirdre Mc Grenra Regional Director Chief Asia and the Pacific Division Institutional Governance and Tel.: +39 06 5459 2516 Member Relations e-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +39 06 5459 2374 e-mail: [email protected] Tarek Kotb Country Director Tel.: +91 1146532789 e-mail: [email protected] Executive Board — 132nd Session Rome, 19-21 April 2021 For: Review EB 2021/132/R.19 Contents I. Country context and rural sector agenda: Key challenges and opportunities 1 II. Government policy and institutional framework 2 III. IFAD engagement: Lessons learned 3 IV. Country strategy 4 A. Comparative advantage 5 B. Target group and targeting strategy 5 C. Overall goal and strategic objectives 6 D. Menu of IFAD interventions 7 V. Innovations and scaling up for sustainable results 9 VI. COSOP implementation 9 A. Financial envelope and cofinancing targets 9 B. Resources for non-lending activities 10 C. Key strategic partnerships and development coordination 10 D. Beneficiary engagement and transparency 10 E. Programme management arrangements 11 F. Monitoring and evaluation 11 VII. Risk management 11 Appendices I. COSOP results management framework II. Transition scenarios III. Agricultural and rural sector issues IV. SECAP background study V. Agreement at completion point VI. COSOP preparation process VII. Strategic partnerships VIII. South-South and Triangular Cooperation strategy IX. Country at a glance X.
    [Show full text]
  • European Bulletin of Himalayan Research 27: 67-125 (2004)
    Realities and Images of Nepal’s Maoists after the Attack on Beni1 Kiyoko Ogura 1. The background to Maoist military attacks on district head- quarters “Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun” – Mao Tse-Tung’s slogan grabs the reader’s attention at the top of its website.2 As the slogan indicates, the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) has been giving priority to strengthening and expanding its armed front since they started the People’s War on 13 February 1996. When they launched the People’s War by attacking some police posts in remote areas, they held only home-made guns and khukuris in their hands. Today they are equipped with more modern weapons such as AK-47s, 81-mm mortars, and LMGs (Light Machine Guns) purchased from abroad or looted from the security forces. The Maoists now are not merely strengthening their military actions, such as ambushing and raiding the security forces, but also murdering their political “enemies” and abducting civilians, using their guns to force them to participate in their political programmes. 1.1. The initial stages of the People’s War The Maoists developed their army step by step from 1996. The following paragraph outlines how they developed their army during the initial period of three years on the basis of an interview with a Central Committee member of the CPN (Maoist), who was in charge of Rolpa, Rukum, and Jajarkot districts (the Maoists’ base area since the beginning). It was given to Li Onesto, an American journalist from the Revolutionary Worker, in 1999 (Onesto 1999b).
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Mustang Trek - 17 Days
    GPO Box: 384, Ward No. 17, Pushpalal Path Khusibun, Nayabazar, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: +977-01-4388659 E-Mail: [email protected] www.iciclesadventuretreks.com Upper Mustang Trek - 17 Days "Join our Upper Mustang Trek to uncover the hidden mysticism of Upper Mustang." With plenty of nature to see and culture to observe, Upper Mustang is a beautiful place to travel in. A trek inside Upper Mustang is a journey which presents travelers with a vivid blend of arid landscape & exotic cultural heritages. Upper Mustang lies near to the Tibetan border at an altitude over 4,000 meters above sea level. It encompasses Tibetan societies, scenic landscapes & compelling arrangement of bio-diversity. Due to which, it has gained vast popularity as an incredible trans-Himalayan region! Initially, trekkers get to go an outlandish venture which takes them on an off the beaten path trail. Following out of the ordinary and far-flung trek routes, trekkers are eventually rewarded with breathtakingly beautiful vistas. Learn and witness the glorious Tibetan cultures as you make your way up and through the valley’s ethnic villages; take pleasure in the scenes of yellow & grey colored hills being eroded away by the gusting winds and ultimately capture all those precious moments in your heart so that you can cherish them forever. Our 17 days Upper Mustang Trek begins with a flight from the scenic lake city of Pokhara to Jomsom. From that point onward, you visibly make an effort to go through Mustang’s windswept mountain desert areas with our vigilant trekking staffs as planned in our trek itinerary.
    [Show full text]
  • Culture, Capital, and Community in Mustang, Nepal
    A Tale of Two Temples: Culture, Capital, and Community in Mustang, Nepal Sienna Craig Introduction This article focuses on two religious and community institutions. The first, Thubchen Lhakhang, is a 15th century temple located in the remote walled city of Lo Monthang, Mustang District, Nepal. The other, located near Swayambunath in the northwestern part of the Kathmandu Valley, is a newly built community temple meant to serve people from Mustang District. This paper asks why Thubchen has fallen into disrepair and disuse over the last decades, only to be “saved” by a team of foreign restoration experts, while the financial capital, sense of community, responsibility, and cultural commitment required, one could say, to “save” Thubchen by people from Mustang themselves has been invested instead in the founding of a new institution in Kathmandu. Through two narrative scenes and analysis, I examine who is responsible for a community’s sacred space, how each of the temples is being repaired or constructed, designed and administered, and the circumstances under which the temples are deemed finished. Finally, I comment on how these temples are currently being occupied and used, since restoration/construction efforts were completed. More generally, this paper speaks to anthropological concerns about local/global interfaces, particularly how the expectations and visions of cultural preservation, which often emanate from the west, impact and are impacted by communities and individuals such as those from Mustang. The circumstances surrounding these two projects illustrate larger questions about aesthetics and identity, agency, and transnational movements of people, resources, and ideas, as well as nostalgia for things “local” and “traditional” generated both by people from Mustang and their foreign interlocutors.
    [Show full text]
  • Krishna Kaphle, Bvsc and AH,,GHC, ELT, Phd
    Krishna Kaphle, BVSc and AH,,GHC, ELT, PhD Current Position: Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital and As- sociate Professor at Department of Theriogenology Institution: Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Tribhuvan University, Paklihawa Campus, Sidharthanagar-1, Rupandehi, Lumbini, Nepal E-mails and phone: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Phone: : +977-71-506150; Cell: 9845056734 Research Interest: ONE HEALTH ADVOCATING VETERINARIAN (THERIOGENOLOGIST) Objective: In pursuit of establishing best approach for delivery of animal health, animal welfare and public health concerns in Nepalese society. Get deeper in understanding the science behind origin of life. Beliefs: Engaged faculty and motivated student make the teach- ing and learning meaningful and nothing transform society bet- ter than right education. MAJOR ROLES, RESPONSIBILITIES AND PUBLICATIONS Education Aug 2001 – May 2006 (PhD) -National Taiwan University,, Taipei, Tai- wan, Republic Of China (ROC). Aug 1991 – 1997 (BVSc and AH) -Rampur Campus, Institute of Agri- culture and Animal Science (IAAS), Tribhuvan University (TU), Bharat- pur, Chitwan, Bagmati, Nepal. Responsibilities Assistant Professor: since 2055-01-15 at Rampur Campus, IAAS, TU. Hostel Warden, Sports Coach, Student Welfare Chief, member of various committees, at IAAS, TU. Advisory role for various students clubs, coordinator of national and regional events related with professional, sports and leadership training. Editorial roles for IAAS Journal, NVA Journal, The Blue Cross and multiple others. Department Head of Theriogenology- (April 10th 2009 and again from July 2021), IAAS, TU. Stints as Member secretary Internship Advisory Committee, Subject Matter Com- mittee (Veterinary Science) now as member, Member of Faculty Board (2018-). Advisor of Internship students (~20) and PG students as minor advisor (10).
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Mustang Biodiversity Conservation Project Final Report
    UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME Upper Mustang Biodiversity Conservation Project ATLAS ID GEF-00013971 TRAC-00013970 (formerly NEP/99/G35 and NEP/99/021) Final Report of the Terminal Evaluation Mission September 2006 Phillip Edwards (Team Leader) Rajendra Suwal Neeta Thapa ACRONYMS AND TERMS Exchange rate at the time of the TPE was US$1 to NR 71 (Nepali Rupees) ACA Anapurna Conservation Area ACAP Anapurna Conservation Area Project AHF American Himalayan Foundation APPA Appreciative Participatory Planning and Action BCP Biodiversity Conservation Plan CAMC Conservation Area Management Committee CAMOP Conservation Area Management Operation Plan CAMP Conservation Area Management Plan CAMR Conservation Area Management Regulation CBBMS Community Based Biodiversity Monitoring System CBO Community Based Organization CITES Convention on International Trade on Endangered Species CPM Co-Project Manager CRAC Community Resource Action Area Committee CRAJSC Community Resources Action Joint Sub-Committee CTF Community Trust Fund DAG Disadvantage Group DDC District Development Committee DNPWC Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation EIA Environment Impact Assessment FIT Free Independent Tourist/Trekker GEF Global Environment Facility GIS Geographic Information System GON Government of Nepal Ha. Hectares HMG His Majesty’s Government HQ Head Quarters HRD Human Resource Development ICDP Integrated Conservation Development Program ICIMOD International Center for Integrated Mountain Development IEA Initial Environmental Assessment IGA Income
    [Show full text]