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Annual Production Research Report 2014 — 2015 P.O CALIFORNIA STRAWBERRY COMMISSION ANNUAL PRODUCTION RESEARCH REPORT ANNUAL COMMISSION CALIFORNIA STRAWBERRY California Strawberry Commission ANNUAL PRODUCTION RESEARCH REPORT 2014 — 2015 P.O. Box 269 2014 — 2015 Watsonville, CA 95077 831-724-1301 phone 831-724-5973 fax [email protected] www.calstrawberry.com © 2016 California Strawberry Commission CALIFORNIA STRAWBERRY COMMISSION ANNUAL PRODUCTION RESEARCH REPORT 2014 - 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction – Message from the Research Committee Chairman ................................................... 5 PATHOLOGY Fungicide Trials for Fruit and Foliar Pathogens of Strawberry 2013-2014 ........................................ 9 Mark Bolda Steven Koike Management of Diseases Caused by Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium dahliae and Macrophomina phaseolina ....................................................................................................... 17 Dr. Thomas R. Gordon Operating a State-wide Strawberry Disease Diagnostic Services Center ...................................... 31 Steven T. Koike Evaluation of the Population Structure of Macrophomina phaseolina and Optimization of Quantification Assays ...................................................................................... 37 Dr. Frank N. Martin ENTOMOLOGY Strawberry Insect and Mite Control ................................................................................................. 47 Dr. Frank G. Zalom Collection, Release and Establishment of Peristenus digoneutis, a European Lygus Bug Parasitoid, on the California Central Coast ................................................... 65 Dr. Kim A. Hoelmer 2014 Lygus and Mite Management Program .................................................................................. 71 Dr. Hillary Q. Thomas 2015 California Strawberry Commission Lygus Management Program .......................................... 81 Dr. Hillary Q. Thomas WEED SCIENCE Weed Management in Strawberry ................................................................................................... 93 Dr. Steven Fennimore 2 CALIFORNIA STRAWBERRY COMMISSION ANNUAL PRODUCTION RESEARCH REPORT FARMING WITHOUT FUMIGANTS Non-fumigant Strategies for Soilborne Disease Control in California Strawberry Production Systems ...................................................................................................................... 101 Dr. Carol Shennan Dr. Joji Muramoto A Review of the Final Three Seasons (2012, 2013 and 2014) of Research and Grower Demonstrations on the Raised Bed Trough (RaBeT) Substrate Production Systems ....................117 Dr. Hillary Q. Thomas Dr. Dan E. Legard INNOVATION Automated Strawberry Calyx Removal Technology for Increasing Profit and Minimizing Field Labors ............................................................................................................................................ 143 Dr. Yang Tao, P.E. Automated Orientating and Capping of Strawberries for Processing. ........................................... 153 Dr. Stavros G. Vougioukas APPENDICES Commission Members and Alternates for 2014-2015 .................................................................. 170 Research Committee Members 2014-2015 .................................................................................. 172 2016 Grower Resource and Contact Information ......................................................................... 173 3 2014 - 2015 RESEARCH PROJECTS 4 CALIFORNIA STRAWBERRY COMMISSION ANNUAL PRODUCTION RESEARCH REPORT Introduction A Message from the Research Committee Chairman The 2014-2015 Annual Production Research Report summarizes the results of 16 research and extension projects funded by the California Strawberry Commission (CSC). These reports are progress updates for the research and extension projects funded by the CSC during the 2013-2014 fiscal year. These projects include the development of a de-capping machine, management of soilborne diseases, Lygus bug-monitoring, and the use of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation (ASD) to provide clean soil for producing strawberries. The CSC is the leading funding source for world class strawberry production research in the United States and we hope that these reports will help strawberry growers, Pest Control Advisors and other industry members address production problems. These reports are also intended to document research that may not be readily available in other publications. We hope our research is helpful to researchers in California and around the world. On the behalf of the California strawberry industry and the California Strawberry Commission, I would like to thank the researchers and their associates for their efforts and dedication to the California strawberry industry. California strawberry growers continue to face increasing production and regulatory challenges and the research efforts of these researchers are vital for the continued success of the California strawberry industry. I also want to thank the members of the Science Advisory Committee for their help in reviewing these projects for the Research Committee. I would like to especially thank the many growers, Pest Control Advisors and other members of the strawberry industry who have provided assistance, plants, field plots, labor and materials for this work. I also want to thank the California Strawberry Nurserymen’s Association, The University of California, the University of California Cooperative Extension and the United States Department of Agriculture for their continuing support of the Strawberry Commission’s research programs. Sincerely, Tom AmRhein Research Committee Chairman 5 2014 - 2015 RESEARCH PROJECTS 6 CALIFORNIA STRAWBERRY COMMISSION ANNUAL PRODUCTION RESEARCH REPORT PATHOLOGY 7 2014 - 2015 RESEARCH PROJECTS 8 CALIFORNIA STRAWBERRY COMMISSION ANNUAL PRODUCTION RESEARCH REPORT PATHOLOGY Fungicide Trials for Fruit and Foliar Pathogens of Strawberry 2013-2014 Principle Investigators Mark Bolda UCCE Santa Cruz County 1432 Freedom Boulevard Watsonville, CA 95076 (831) 763-8040 [email protected] Steve Koike UCCE Monterey County 1432 Abbott Street Salinas, CA 93901 (831) 759-7350 [email protected] SUMMARY In 2014, we evaluated fungicide products against a slate of several registered fungicides and an untreated control. Fungicides were tested for efficacy against gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea and powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera aphanis. INTRODUCTION The authors have been engaged in studying fruit and foliar pathogens in strawberry since 2007. While this group of pathogens includes anthracnose caused by species of Colletotrichum, leather rot caused by Phytophthora cactorum and angular leaf spot caused by Xanthomonas fragariae, the fungicide screening of 2014 concentrated on the two most common problems: gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea, and powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera aphanis. Year after year these diseases are the most important foliar/fruit concerns for growers, and subsequently garner the most attention from fungicide distributors and manufacturers. 9 2014 - 2015 RESEARCH PROJECTS MATERIALS AND METHODS Powdery Mildew The trial consisted of treatments (Table 1) arranged in a randomized complete block design with each treatment replicated four times, on the Holly Ranch managed by Dole on the variety Monterey. Applications of all materials were made in the equivalent of 150 gallons per acre with a motorized backpack sprayer and hand held boom configured with ten 8001 flat fan nozzles operating at 120 psi, which is intended to closely mimic the conditions of commercial application. Applications of all materials were made two weeks apart: May 16, May 28, June 16, and June 24, 2014. Powdery mildew evaluations were done on June 5, June 19 and July 7 and consisted of taking ten strawberry leaflets (per plot) of young to mid-age and assigning a percentage on a scale of 0 to100% (in 10% increments) to the level of powdery mildew severity on the underside. Table 1. 2014 Powdery Mildew Treatments Test Material Rate/acre 1 Thiram 24/7 2.6 qt 2 Thiram 24/7 2.6 qt+ Procure 480 SC 8 fl oz 3 Thiram Granu-Flo 4.4 lb 4 Pyriofenone 4 fl oz 5 Pyriofenone 5 fl oz 6 Pyriofenone 4 fl oz + Quintec 6 fl oz 7 Quintec 6 fl oz 8 Rally 5 oz 9 Rally 5 oz w/ Quintec 5 fl oz 10 Merivon + Nufilm P 8 fl oz + 0.01% v/v 11 Merivon + Nufilm P 10 fl oz + 0.01% v/v 12 Pristine 23 oz 13 Torino 3.4 fl oz w/ Mettle 5 fl oz 14 Isofetamid 17 fl oz 15 Isofetamid + IB8111 10.3 fl oz + 5.57 fl oz 16 Isofetamid + 18121 10.3 fl oz + 16.5 fl oz 17 Isofetamid + IB18220 10.3 fl oz + 7.6 fl oz 18 Untreated check - 10 CALIFORNIA STRAWBERRY COMMISSION ANNUAL PRODUCTION RESEARCH REPORT PATHOLOGY RESULTS FOR 2014 TRIAL Table 2. Powdery Mildew Evaluation- Percent Leaf Disease by Treatment Character Rated % Infest % Infest % Infest Rating Date Jun-5-2014 Jun-19-2014 Jul-7-2014 Number of Decimals 2 2 2 Trt Treatment 1 2 3 No. Name 1 Thiram 24/7 2.6 qt 23.44 a 17.25 bcd 23.08 abc 2 Thiram 24/7 2.6 qt + Procure 480 SC 8 fl oz 11.88 cde 7.25 gh 14.64 def 3 Thiram Granu-Flo 4.4 lb 16.25 bc 18.00 bc 26.35 a 4 Pyriofenone 4 fl oz 13.44 cde 13.00 def 15.85 cde 5 Pyriofenone 5 fl oz 13.13 cde 8.25 fgh 8.90 fgh 6 Pyriofenone 4 fl oz + Quintec 6 fl oz 15.31 bcd 11.25 efg 13.60 d-g 7 Quintec 6 fl oz 15.00 bcd 15.50 b-e 23.55 ab 8 Rally 5 oz 16.25 bc 19.25 b 29.40 a 9 Rally 5 oz w/ Quintec 5 fl oz 10.31 c-f 14.00 cde 17.26 bcd 10 Merivon 8 fl oz + Nufilm P 0.01% 6.88 ef 4.25 h 6.76 hi 11 Merivon 10 fl oz + Nufilm P 0.01% 3.75 f 3.75 h 3.49 i 12 Pristine
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