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Coalbed Methane: Recovery & Utilization in North Western San Juan, Colorado EME 580 : Integrative Design

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Coalbed Methane: Recovery & Utilization in North Western San Juan, Colorado EME 580 : Integrative Design DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AND MINERAL ENGINEERING PENN STATE UNIVERSITY Coalbed Methane: Recovery & Utilization in North Western San Juan, Colorado EME 580 : Integrative Design EGHONGHON OJEIFO KELVIN ABAA MEGAN ORSULAK PHANI KIRAN PAMIDIMUKKALA SARMISHTHA SIRCAR SHASHANK SHARMA TUSHAR VATSA Contents LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................... 5 LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................................ 7 CHAPTER 1: Literature Review 1. METHODS OF METHANE EXTRACTION FROM COAL.......................................................................... 9 1.1 Methane Drainage from Coal Mines ......................................................................................... 9 2. METHANE FROM COAL BED RESERVOIRS ....................................................................................... 10 2.2 Gas Content Determination .................................................................................................... 11 2.4.1 Production Decline Curve ............................................................................................... 12 2.4.2 Pressure Transient Analysis ............................................................................................ 12 3. PRODUCTION ENHANCEMENT AND STIMULATION ........................................................................ 13 4. METHANE TREATMENT .................................................................................................................. 14 5. WATER MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................. 14 7. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN COAL BED METHANE ......................................................................... 21 8. ECONOMIC FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COAL BED METHANE RESERVOIRS ....................... 24 CHAPTER 2: Engineering Design 1. Selection of Location...................................................................................................................... 26 2. Reservoir Simulation ...................................................................................................................... 26 3. Overview of Stimulation and Enhancement ................................................................................... 29 3.1 Enhancement ......................................................................................................................... 29 4. Overview of Gas Treatment ........................................................................................................... 30 5. WATER PRODUCTION AND DISPOSAL ............................................................................................ 31 5.1.1 Concerns and Issues of Produced Water Disposal In San Juan Basin .................................... 32 5.2.1 Project Benefits: ................................................................................................................... 32 5.3.1 Water Production Rates From Methane Wells: ..................................................................... 33 5.3.2 Water Decline Rates And Estimates From Model: ................................................................. 33 5.3.3 Chemical Content: ................................................................................................................ 34 5.6.1 Underground Injection: ........................................................................................................ 35 5.6.2 Well Classification: ............................................................................................................... 36 5.6.3 Factors Affecting Deep Injection: .......................................................................................... 36 5.6.4 Alternative Injection Methods ............................................................................................... 37 5.7.1 Key Economic Factors: ......................................................................................................... 37 5.7.2 Water Disposal Alternatives: ............................................................................................... 37 5.7.3 Capital And Operating Costs Of Actively Treated Water: ..................................................... 38 5.7.4 Transport Costs of Actively Treated Water: ......................................................................... 39 5.7.5 Cost Analysis for Deep Injection: .......................................................................................... 39 5.7.6 Cost Summary: ..................................................................................................................... 40 6. NATURAL GAS DISTRIBUTION: ........................................................................................................... 40 6.1 Overview of Colorado’s Resources: ............................................................................................. 40 6.2 Natural Gas Consumption Trends in Colorado: ............................................................................ 40 6.3 Destinations for Natural Gas from the North Western San Juan Basin .................................... 40 6.3.1 Interstate Pipelines: ............................................................................................................. 40 6.3.2 Local Distribution Companies: .............................................................................................. 41 6.3.3 Market Centers/Hubs ..................................................................................................... 42 6.3.4 Storage Sites................................................................................................................... 43 6.4 Treatment Plants.................................................................................................................... 44 6.5 Natural Gas Fired Power Plants .............................................................................................. 44 6.5.1 Why Natural Gas Fired Plants ......................................................................................... 44 6.5.2 Natural Gas Fired Plants in Colorado ............................................................................... 45 6.6 Compressed Natural Gas Stations ........................................................................................... 45 6.7 Deciding Potential Customers ................................................................................................ 45 6.8 Pipeline Delivery .................................................................................................................... 46 6.11 Pipeline Safety and Regulations .............................................................................................. 49 6.12 Future Work ........................................................................................................................... 49 7. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES: .............................................................................................................. 51 8. RULES AND REGULATIONS: ............................................................................................................ 55 8.1 DRILLING, DEVELOPMENT & COMPLETION: ................................................................................. 55 SAFETY REGULATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 56 9. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS..................................................................................................................... 58 9.1 Exploration Costs: ....................................................................................................................... 58 9.2 Drilling, Completion & Fracturing Costs: ...................................................................................... 58 9.3 Lease Costs: ................................................................................................................................ 58 9.4 Administrative Costs: .................................................................................................................. 58 9.5 Equipment Costs: ........................................................................................................................ 58 9.6 Operating Costs: ......................................................................................................................... 58 9.7 Transportation Costs: .................................................................................................................. 58 9.8 Royalty Costs: ............................................................................................................................. 59 9.9 Gas Price: .................................................................................................................................... 59 9.10 Revenue Costs: ......................................................................................................................... 59 9.11 Total Capital Investment & Gross Revenue: ............................................................................... 59 9.12 Sensitivity Analysis: ................................................................................................................... 59 REFERENCES .........................................................................................................................................
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