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Integrated Ticketing on Long-Distance Passenger Transport Services

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Integrated Ticketing on Long-Distance Passenger Transport Services DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT B: STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES TRANSPORT AND TOURISM INTEGRATED TICKETING ON LONG-DISTANCE PASSENGER TRANSPORT SERVICES STUDY This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Transport and Tourism. AUTHORS TRT Trasporti e Territorio - Silvia MAFFII, Alessio SITRAN, Marco BRAMBILLA, Angelo MARTINO MKmetric - Dr. Benedikt MANDEL, Oliver SCHNELL RESPONSIBLE ADMINISTRATOR Marc THOMAS Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies European Parliament B-1047 Brussels E-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Nora RÉVÉSZ LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN. Translation: FR. ABOUT THE PUBLISHER To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe to its monthly newsletter please write to: [email protected] Manuscript completed in August 2012. Brussels, © European Union, 2012. This document is available on the Internet at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorized, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy. DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT B: STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES TRANSPORT AND TOURISM INTEGRATED TICKETING ON LONG-DISTANCE PASSENGER TRANSPORT SERVICES STUDY Abstract This study deals with the issue of integrated ticketing on long-distance passenger transport services. By presenting and assessing selected practices in this domain, it highlights the major policy and technical challenges and formulates recommendations for further EU action on this issue. IP/B/TRAN/IC/2010-0134 2012 PE 474.566 EN Integrated Ticketing on long-distance passenger transport services __________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 9 LIST OF FIGURES 13 LIST OF TABLES 13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 15 1 INTRODUCTION 17 1.1 Foreword 17 1.2 Objectives 18 1.3 Structure of the report 18 2 INTEGRATED TICKETING ON LONG-DISTANCE TRIPS: OVERVIEW AND CURRENT CHALLENGES 19 2.1 The EU policy framework 19 2.2 The market for long-distance passenger transport 23 2.3 Long-distance passenger transport intermodality 26 2.4 Major challenges to ticketing integration on long-distance trips 32 3 CASE STUDIES 37 3.1 “AIRail”: a cooperation of Lufthansa and Deutsche Bahn 39 3.2 “Flyrail”: air-rail integration between SAS Scandinavian Airlines and Statens Järnvägar (Swedish railways) 42 3.3 The “Multifly” product: a cooperation between Trenitalia and Meridiana fly 46 3.4 The “Rail&Fly” cooperation between Deutsche Bahn and airlines/tour operators 47 3.5 The “Rail&Fly” cooperation between MÁV-START railways and MALÉV 48 3.6 “tgvair”: air-rail cooperation offered by SNCF 49 3.7 “TGV Air France”: air-rail integration between Paris and Brussels 51 3.8 Air-rail intermodality outside Europe: the cooperation between Continental Airlines and AMTRAK 52 3.9 The Railteam alliance: towards increased high-speed rail integration 53 5 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies __________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.10 The Thalys-ICE experience: the missing link in rail-rail integration 56 3.11 Rail-ferry integration: through-ticketing cooperation between Deutsche Bahn and Stena Line 58 3.12 The “Ausflugsticket”: a cooperation between ÖBB, MÁV-START and local transport operators 59 3.13 The “OV-chipkaart”: an example of nationwide transport integration in the Netherlands 61 3.14 Overall considerations 63 4 THE STAKEHOLDERS’ PERSPECTIVE 65 4.1 The stakeholders’ consultation: aim and methodology 65 4.2 EU initiatives in ticketing integration 66 4.3 Air-rail ticketing integration 67 4.4 Rail-rail ticketing integration 68 4.5 Other issues 68 5 SWOT ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 71 5.1 SWOT analysis 71 5.2 Drivers and barriers for future developments 77 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 79 6.1 The policy framework 79 6.2 Air-rail integration 80 6.3 Rail-rail integration 81 6.4 Recommendations and role of the EU 82 REFERENCES 85 6 Integrated Ticketing on long-distance passenger transport services __________________________________________________________________________________________ ANNEX A: ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN AIRPORTS INTERCONNECTED WITH RAIL LINKS 91 ANNEX B: SCHOLARLY LITERATURE ON AIR-RAIL INTERMODALITY 93 ANNEX C: THE TAP-TSI: AN OVERVIEW 95 ANNEX D: DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SELECTED CASE STUDIES 97 D.1 “AIRail”: a cooperation of Lufthansa and Deutsche Bahn 97 D.2 “Rail&Fly”: a cooperation between Deutsche Bahn and airlines/tour operators 102 D.3 The Thalys-ICE experience: the missing link in rail-rail integration 107 ANNEX E: LIST OF CONSULTED STAKEHOLDERS 109 ANNEX F: SAMPLE OF THE QUESTIONS SUBMITTED TO THE STAKEHOLDERS 111 7 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies __________________________________________________________________________________________ 8 Integrated Ticketing on long-distance passenger transport services __________________________________________________________________________________________ LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CDG Aéroport de Paris Charles de Gaulle COAIR Continental Airlines CRS Computerised Reservation Systems DATALINE EU Project assessing European long-distance passenger travels DB Deutsche Bahn (German railways) DG TREN European Commission, former DG Transport and Energy (now DG MOVE) EC European Commission EP European Parliament ERA European Railway Agency ETTSA European Technology and Travel Services Association EU European Union FCO Rome Fiumicino Airport FP(s) Framework Programme(s) GDS Global distribution systems GHG Greenhouse gas HSL(s) High-speed rail line(s) IARO International Air-Rail Organisation IATA International Air Transport Association IC InterCity Trains ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ICE InterCity Trains (operated by DB) 9 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies __________________________________________________________________________________________ INRETS Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Sécurité INTERCONNECT EU Project assessing local and regional interconnections in the context of long-distance passenger journeys IRT Integrated Reservation Tickets ITF International Transport Forum ITS Intelligent Transport Systems KITE EU Project on a Knowledge Base on intermodal travel in Europe Km Kilometre LGW London Gatwick Airport LHR London Heathrow Airport Mpkm Million Passenger Kilometre MXP Milan Malpensa Airport NRT Non Reservation Tickets NS Nederlandse Spoorwagen (Dutch railways) NTS National Travel Survey(s) ÖBB Österreichische Bundesbahnen (Austrian railways) ORY Paris Orly Airport Pkm Passenger Kilometre (one passenger transported over a distance of one km) PT Public transport PTAs Public Transport Authorities PTOs Public Transport Operators RAIFF Rail/Air Inter-modality Facilitation Forum RDT Research and Technological Development 10 Integrated Ticketing on long-distance passenger transport services __________________________________________________________________________________________ RENFE Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles (Spanish railways) RIT Rail Inclusive Tour SAS Scandinavian Airlines SBB Schweizerische Bundesbahnen (Swiss railways) SJ Statens Järnvägar (Swedish railways) SNCB Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Belges (Belgian railways) SNCF Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français (French railways) STN London Stansted Airport SWOT Strenghts, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats SXF Berlin Schoenefeld Airport TAP Telematic Applications for Passenger services TCV Tarif commun international pour le transport des voyageurs (Standard International Passenger Tariff) TEN-T Trans-European Transport Network TGV Train à grande vitesse (High speed train) TRAN Transport and Tourism Committee of the European Parliament TSI Technical Specifications for Interoperability US United States of America VKO Moscow Vnukovo Airport 11 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies __________________________________________________________________________________________ 12 Integrated Ticketing on long-distance passenger transport services __________________________________________________________________________________________ LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1 Market shares by mode and country for journeys over 400 km 25 FIGURE 2 European airports by traffic flows and interconnectivity with rail modes 28 FIGURE 3 Existing cooperation between rail operators in Europe 31 FIGURE 4 Comparison between national and international rail traffic in Europe (2007) 32 FIGURE D.1 Screen shot of KLM website for Cologne-New York bookings 101 FIGURE D.2 Screen shot of Lufthansa website for Cologne-New York bookings with “AIRail” 102 FIGURE D.3 TUIfly aircraft with ICE-livery promoting “Rail&Fly” 103 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1 Main European projects and studies on passenger intermodality 21 TABLE 2 Share of international long-distance journeys in selected EU countries 24 TABLE 3 Yearly traffic by clusters of airports (Millions of passengers, year 2010) 29 TABLE 4 Overview of selected case studies 38 TABLE 5 The “AIRail” case study 41 TABLE 6 Ticket options available with “Flyrail” 43 TABLE 7 Types of delivery methods available with “Flyrail” 44 TABLE 8 The “Flyrail” case study 45 TABLE 9 The “Multifly”
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