SAMPLE HUNTERS: Uma Netnografia Sobre As Práticas Comunicacionais Da Subcultura Dos Fãs Da Música Sampleada Nas Comunidades Virtuais Whosampled E Sample Spotters

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SAMPLE HUNTERS: Uma Netnografia Sobre As Práticas Comunicacionais Da Subcultura Dos Fãs Da Música Sampleada Nas Comunidades Virtuais Whosampled E Sample Spotters UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS FACULDADE DE INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM COMUNICAÇÃO LUCAS ALVES DE BRITO SAMPLE HUNTERS: uma netnografia sobre as práticas comunicacionais da subcultura dos fãs da música sampleada nas comunidades virtuais WhoSampled e Sample Spotters Goiânia 2019 LUCAS ALVES DE BRITO SAMPLE HUNTERS: uma netnografia sobre as práticas comunicacionais da subcultura dos fãs da música sampleada nas comunidades virtuais WhoSampled e Sample Spotters Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Comunicação, nível Mestrado, da Faculdade de Informação e Comunicação da Universidade Federal de Goiás, para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Comunicação. Área de Concentração: Comunicação, Cultura e Cidadania. Linha de Pesquisa: Mídia e Cultura. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Ricardo Pavan. Goiânia 2019 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço a minha família pelo incentivo às minhas escolhas profissionais e por todo o suporte, especialmente a Thátilla pela grande ajuda, carinho, companheirismo e paciência ao longo desses anos. Aos meus amigos de mestrado Bruna, Dayane, Luiz e Thiago pelas dicas, parcerias nas apresentações e artigos e pelas conversas descontraídas. A João Henrique pelos livros. A Felipe e à Karol pela grande ajuda. A meu orientador Ricardo Pavan por ter aceitado meu projeto de mestrado, pelas orientações, sugestões, revisões e pelo interesse a minha pesquisa. Aos professores Adriana Amaral e Daniel Christino por comporem minha banca de qualificação e defesa, pelas correções e recomendações que transformaram meu trabalho. À professora Nélia em sua dedicação na árdua tarefa de me ajudar a construir um projeto de qualificação bem feito. Ao professor Alexandre pelas ótimas e divertidas aulas. Aos professores Marcilon e Raquel pelas dicas de livro e construção de projetos. A todos os membros do WhoSampled e Sample Spotters pela cordialidade, interesse e vontade de compartilhar seus conhecimentos pela música sampleada. Aprendi muita coisa com os sample hunters e me diverti fazendo pesquisa. Por fim, a CAPES pela bolsa. “Here's an example If Joe Blow says, ‘Yo, you think like Caravaggio’ You'll respond ‘No, that's an insult, Joe’ ‘I live in a vacuum, I ain't coppin’ no one.’ Listen up son Everyone creating is a member of the family Passing down genes and ideas in harmony The players and the cynics will be thinking it's odd But if you rewind the tape we're all copying god Add you own piece, but the puzzle is god’s” (Jack White) RESUMO A dissertação objetiva por analisar as interações mediadas em comunidades virtuais entre os sample hunters (fãs de música sampleada, interessados por desvendar a origem dos samples). Para isso, foi selecionado o site WhoSampled e o grupo de Facebook Sample Spotters. Com o intuito de entender quais são os processos comunicacionais mais relevantes de serem estudados nestas comunidades, foi utilizada a netnografia de Kozinets, metodologia que foca na observação participante do pesquisador em ambientes digitais, a fim de experienciar as práticas desta subcultura digital. Foram coletados em ambas comunidades dados arquivados (10 postagens públicas no Sample Spotters e 100 perfis da lista all time do WhoSampled), dados extraídos (21 entrevistas semiestruturadas) e notas de campo (relatos das atividades e impressões do pesquisador em ambas comunidades). Como referencial teórico, foram utilizados pesquisadores que dialogavam com os estudos sobre a cultura do remix no ciberespaço de Navas, Lessig e Lemos. Para comunicação, apoia-se principalmente em Flusser e suas etapas do processo comunicacional, usadas como categorias de análises. Para cultura, apoia-se, além de Flusser, no conceito etnográfico de Geertz e Wagner. Para novas mídias, utiliza-se Manovich e McLuhan e, para as práticas das comunidades virtuais de fãs, aplica-se Rheingold e Jenkins. Sobre o conceito de subcultura, foram selecionados pesquisadores como Amaral, Thornton e Hebdige. Percebe-se que os sample hunters: a) possuem um modo de escuta diferenciado (escuta como jogo de adivinhação; b) têm práticas residuais como a utilização de sampleadores antigos, o consumo de formatos analógicos e a valorização de artistas desconhecidos, raros e underground (principalmente do hip-hop), ressignificando-os na Internet, mostrando um fã muito participativo; c) armazenam informações adquiridas em bancos de dados e compartilham as músicas descobertas em sites como YouTube; d) processam essas informações em novos remixes, incentivados pelas comunidades; e) transmitem a nova informação criada pelo processamento (remix) nestes grupos, se sujeitando a infinitas apropriações posteriores, em um processo que questiona a ideia de autor romântico e as leis autorais; f) revelam seus gostos, estilo de vida e modos de consumo nas comunidades através de expressões e gírias particulares, dando um sentido contextual à comunicação que permite criar uma sensação de pertencimento à determinada subcultura; g) são mais ativos e interessados em participar em comunidades baseadas na economia de dádiva como o Sample Spotters, ao contrário da economia comercial do WhoSampled. Palavras-chave: Música sampleada. Novas mídias. Cultura do remix. Subcultura digital. Netnografia. ABSTRACT This work seeks to analyze the mediated interactions on virtual communities between the sample hunters (sampled based music fans, interested in unveiling the sample’s origins). For this purpose, the site WhoSampled and the Facebook group called Sampled Spotters were selected. In order to understand the most relevant communication processes to be studied in these communities, The Kozinets’s netnography was chosen, a methodology that focuses on the participant observation of the researcher in digital environments, in order to experience the practices from this digital subculture. It was collected, in both communities, the archived data (10 public posts in Sample Spotters and 100 profiles from the “all-time” list of WhoSampled), extracted data (21 semi-structured interviews) and field notes (reports of the impressions and activities of the researcher in both communities. For theoretical reference, it was used researchers who dialogue with studies from Navas, Lessig, and Lemos about the remix culture and the cyberculture. For communication, it was used primarily Flusser and his steps of communication, used as categories of analysis. For culture, it was used, besides Flusser, the ethnographic concept of Geertz and Wagner. For new media, it was used Manovich and McLuhan and for the practices on virtual communities of fans, Rheingold and Jenkins. About the concept of subculture was used Amaral, Thornton, and Hebdige. It is noticed that the sample hunters: a) have a different way of listening music (like a guessing game; have residual practices like the usage of old samplers, the consumption of analogic formats and the appreciation for unknown, rare and underground artists (specially hip-hop artists), re-signifying those on the Internet; c) storage acquired information on databases and share the discovered music on sites like YouTube; d) process this information in new remixes, encouraged by those communities; e) transmit the created new information by processing (remix) in these groups, that became late raw material to infinite new appropriations, process that questions the idea of the romantic author e and the copyright; f) reveal their tastes, lifestyles and mode of consumption through particular expressions and slang that creates a contextual sense of communication that allows they create a sense of belonging in this particular subculture; g) are more active and interested in participating communities based on the gift economy like on Sample Spotters, unlike on the commercial economy of the WhoSampled. Keywords: Sampled-based music. New media. Remix culture. Digital subculture. Netnography. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 – Perfil de Jay Gumb$ .............................................................................................. 12 Figura 2 – Akai MPC 2000, um dos samplers mais populares do hip-hop ............................ 49 Figura 3 – Bumbos de 808 sampleados no DAW Ableton..................................................... 49 Figura 4 – As quatro etapas do Remix .................................................................................... 58 Figura 5 – Logo do site WhoSampled ..................................................................................... 88 Figura 6 – Interface do Fórum ................................................................................................ 90 Figura 7 – Lista dos maiores contribuintes do site ................................................................. 93 Figura 8 – Interface do aplicativo ........................................................................................... 94 Figura 9 – Logo do Sample Spotters ...................................................................................... 95 Figura 10 – Descrição Sample Spotters .................................................................................... 96 Figura 11 – Diferença do grupo para a página ......................................................................... 97 Figura 12 – Modelo de perfil do site WhoSampled ................................................................ 111 Figura 13 – Região dos usuários do WhoSampled ................................................................. 112 Figura 14 – Redes sociais mais citadas nos perfis .................................................................. 114 Figura 15
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