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RNI NO. DELENG/2018/76856 A NEW DECADE, A NEW BEGINNING Editor & Business Director The Indian rise in cohesion to transform the Ajit Kumar Thakur defence sector current uncertainty into a vibrant Editorial Director PK Ghosh is at the doorstep success story. Hope the Indian policy Consulting Editor of a new decade makers and other stakeholders in Sri Krishna — transformed, the defence ecosystem have already Advisory Board confident and realised this and are all prepared Amb. Smita Purushottam (Retd) resilient— and I to implement it at the earliest as Air Marshal M Matheswaran (Retd) Lt Gen PC Katoch (Retd) foresee it achieving India embarks on its journey to Lt Gen PR Shankar (Retd) new milestones in its journey to achieve the strategic autonomy goal Cmde Ranjit B Rai (Retd) attain self-reliance. through self-reliance in defence Cmde Anil Jai Singh (Retd) Cdr KP Sanjeev Kumar (Retd) The last quarter of 2019 and manufacturing. Dr Mathew Simon the early weeks of 2020 saw some It’s a reality that in the near Amit Cowshish action-packed developments in the future, no substantial increase in Sanjay Badri-Maharaj Sameer Joshi Indian defence industry with many defence budget is going to happen. Legal Advisor progressive, focussed and adaptive The armed forces and the industry Ramesh Sharma reforms taking shape to meet the will have to delve deeper in unison Design & Layout uncertain challenges of the future. to bring out the best result from Design Cubicle There were high decibel attempts to the limited and constrained budget For Advertisement contact us: break the glass ceiling by activating allocation. [email protected] [email protected] policy reforms with crystal ball Raksha Anirveda extends its [email protected] gaze into the future and bringing best wishes to the organisers of For any complaint and query in various measures to achieve DefExpo 2020 @ Lucknow (11th contact us: operational excellence. edition and the biggest ever in [email protected] [email protected] At the moment, it seems that after India) and participants for a grand Raksha Anirveda is printed and decades of long gestation, inertia and success. It will definitely setup the published by PBG Media Ventures policy paralysis, the Indian defence new narrative for Indian defence Published, Edited & Printed by industry is at the realm of finding its industry to emerge strongly on the Ajit Kumar Thakur on behalf of ‘PBG Media Ventures’ mojo. Optimism aside, the focus and global arena. 649/4, Konark Residency, Nambardar intent of both government and the I hope that the eighth edition of Colony, Burari, Delhi -110084 defence industry should be to keep Raksha Anirveda (DefExpo special) Printed at: Star Print-O-Bind, the momentum going. Amidst the resonates well with the readers Star House, F-31, Okhla Industrial Area Phase-I, New Delhi-110020 multiple asymmetric challenges on and meets their expectations. The Editor: Ajit Kumar Thakur the socio-economic and geo-political team takes a big bow to express its All disputes are subjected to the front, the government should gratitude to all who believed in us jurisdiction of Delhi explore navigating through it with and have been a part of its journey Mobile: +91-9910252485 a combo approach of innovation, that took shape two years back, as co-partnership and co-development. mentor and guiding lights. I invite Taking cue from the positive and welcome all those who haven’t Disclaimer: Views expressed are those of individual authors and do not represent any vibes generated in recent times been on-board till date.. policy of this publication. and Mahatma Gandhi’s vision of -Editor constructive programme based on Jai Hind!!. RESPONSE bottom-up growth model, India ‘Raksha Anirveda’ editorial should tap its fireflies (talent pool, team looks forward to receive innovators and entrepreneurs’), Ajit Kumar Thakur comments and views from the nurture them and enable them to Editor & Business Director readers on the content of the magazine.

COVER PHOTO: INDIAN NAVY ContentsRAKSHA ANIRVEDA VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 8 | JANUARY - MARCH 2020

p10 A rmy Modernisation: A Reality Check p14 I ndia’s Impending Fighter Aircraft Choices: Cover Finding Elusive Solution? p34 US-I ndia Defence Ties to Gain Fillip with 2424 Story Industrial Security Annex p44 Israel’s Make with India Strategy p52 Garnering AI For Indian Armed Forces p56 Make in India Inspires JSHL to Participate in Defence Manufacturing p68 Modernisation through Indigenisation in Defence p72 6th Generation Aerial Warfare: Will It be Drone-centric? p76 Transforming Ideas into Reality - Back to the Basics p80 The Journey of a Startup in Indian Defence Industry p86 5G: Choice before India in Post West World Order p90 Role of GIS in National Security p94 D efence Tech Summit 2020 in Line with Make in India p96 D igital Transformation of Defence at Its Core in DefExpo 2020 p98 DEFEXPO SPECIAL COVERAGE LCA (NAVY) ACHIEVES p108 BE L Identi es Exports, Offsets as Thrust Areas: Director (Marketing), BEL p112 Role of Optic Fiber Solutions in HISTORIC MILESTONES Development of Indian Markets p116 J SHL: Reliable Partner in India’s Quest for Carrying out the rst arrested landing by an Self-Reliance in Defence Manufacturing indigenous naval prototype LCA aboard INS p126 Navy Day Photo Feature Vikramaditya, India creates historic milestone p130 Appointment p134 Army Day Feature: Through the Lens p136 In News

04 18 28 40 48 DefExpo: Focussing on Interview: Defence India-Japan Security What is Holding Russia’s Indian Navy’s Budget Digital Transformation Secretary Cooperation Make in India Spree? Crunch In today’s geo-political In a tete-e-tete delving As US and China are Amid changing geopolitical Keeping China and scenario, armed forces at length, Dr Ajay Kumar involved in a strategic scenario it’s imperative Pakistan in mind, Indian competition, India and across the world have emphasised on the Japan should engage for both Russia and India Navy requires a larger realised repower and various initiatives taken by in wider and deeper to reinvent their defence budget in 2020 to rise to ghting skills can mean the Government of India cooperation and function cooperation and explore become stronger and to little without digitised to open up as well as together as a stabilising new avenues to strengthen ful ll its role in the Indo- integration of every easing the development anchor in the Indo-Paci c the bilateral relations Paci c and support FNOP component in battle and growth of the region to ful ll their future operations space defence sector requirements

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 3 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA ABSOLUTE POWER

Digitisation is not just a catchword but a reality that’s staring at defence forces worldwide. Militaries have realised that repower and ghting skills can mean little without digitised integration of every component in the battle space DEFEXPO 2020: FOCUS ON DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDIAN DEFENCE By RAKESH KRISHNAN SIMHA

n October 1993, a committee headed by the then Scientific Advisor to declared that digitisation of the armed the Defence Minister APJ Abdul Kalam, highlighted the importance of forces was one of the top priorities of digitisation and other critical technologies in the defence sector. According the government. The government said to the report submitted by the committee, “Technology power will raise it planned to create a high capacity the nation to a position of greater strength, militarily and economically.” information network for the Digital It identified critical technologies such as gallium arsenide devices, fibre Army based on state-of-the-art optics, smart weapon subsystems, heavy particle beams, focal plane array technologies of the Indian armed forces. I and hypersonic propulsion for future research and development. Digitisation is not just a catchword but a stark reality that’s staring at defence forces worldwide. Militaries While there were some baby steps is with the arrival of the NarendraModi have realised that firepower and fighting taken by successive administrations in government that there has been a skills can mean little without digitised the field of cutting-edge technologies, it strong focus on digitisation. In 2017 it integration of every component in

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ever defence exhibition in the Intelligence for Defence IN INDIA, country in terms of participation Applications, SODET HOWEVER, (900 international defence Advanced Speech Processing DIGITAL manufacturing companies from for In-Line Intelligence TRANSFORMATION 18 countries) and the area of • Applications, SODET IN THE DEFENCE the exhibition (42,000 square The keen interest among the SECTOR STILL HAS A LONG WAY metres), the expo will also mark stakeholders in digital solutions TO GO. NOTABLY, India’s stated ambition to take – and the push given by the THE DEFENCE the defence sector into the digital government – is a pointer to the SECTOR DOESN’T realm. critical nature of the field. The EVEN TOUCH The focus of the exhibition Technology Perspective and THE HALF OF THE is clear from the number of Capability Roadmap brought TOTAL LEVEL OF seminars lined up by industry out by the Ministry of Defence in DIGITISATION associations, think tanks and April 2013 is based on the Long IN INDIA WHICH stakeholders: Term Integrated Perspective STANDS AT 27 PER Application of Contemporary Plan of the armed forces, and CENT Technologies in Strategic covers a period of 15 years • Programmes, ASSOCHAM (the current one is from 2012 Artificial Intelligence for to 2027). It clearly states that Future Wars, USISPF the future battle space will be • The Wired Warrior – Digital shaped by technology, and the Transformation of the Defence outcome of future battles will be • Services, FICCI determined by technology. Artificial Intelligence, Midhani Shape Memory Alloys, Midhani FOURTH INDUSTRIAL • Digital Transformation of • Defence – Securing Digital REVOLUTION • Solution, BEL Digital Transformation in Digitisation in the defence the battle space. Whether it’s Design and Construction in sector is the application of the through technology such as • Shipbuilding, MDL advanced digital technologies intelligent planning tools, digital Emerging Techniques in for developing new innovative twins, virtual and augmented Computer Vision Artificial and cost-effective products reality, or combating threats • in new domains, the dividing line between the cyber and the physical worlds is beginning to blur. For the military and commercial organisations in the defence sector, this means getting ahead of the digital curve and putting in place solutions that can act as a strategic enabler to manage this shift. Digitisation will therefore have major implications for the defence forces, foreign weapons manufacturers, contractors and Indian industry. This is the backdrop in which India is holding the 11th biennial Defence Expo at Lucknow in February 2020. Not only is it going to be the biggest

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 5 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA ABSOLUTE POWER

in the survey rated their level of digitisation as high, and this value is expected to rise to 65 per cent within the next five years. Industrial leaders in India are digitising essential functions within their internal vertical operations processes and are focussed on driving both revenue growth and operational efficiencies by adopting Industry 4.0. Also, nine out of 10 companies expect to expand their product portfolio with digital offerings. In order for industrial companies to leverage the full value of Industry 4.0, they need to overcome key challenges. These include lack of a clear digital operations vision from the leadership (45 per cent), lack of skills in data analytics capabilities (53 per cent) and fostering a strong digital culture (41 per cent). Operational disruption from cyber security breaches is another top concern for Indian ACCORDING TO A REPORT BY THE DELHI-BASED mind to make the entire process industrial companies. Overcoming INSTITUTE OF DEFENCE STUDIES AND ANALYSES, AI IS cost effective by reducing the these challenges will enable them ALSO EMERGING AS THE BASE TECHNOLOGY FOR THE production costs while improving to reach their potential and MILITARY SYSTEMS, WHERE THE FUTURE INTELLIGENT product quality and production objectives of digitisation by 2020. WEAPONS AND SYSTEMS ARE ENVISAGED TO scalability and individualisation TRANSFORM THE MILITARY OPERATIONS by means of digitalisation of the SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN product and production. and services, improvising the While Industry 3.0 focussed DIGITISATION BY 2020 existing products by way of using on the automation of single connectivity and sensors, and machines and processes, Industry Industry 4.0 is no longer a ‘future creating advanced manufacturing 4.0 concentrates on the end-to- trend’. For many industrial processes. A key aspect is Industry end digitisation of all physical companies, it is now a part of their 4.0 also known as the Fourth assets and their integration into strategy and research agenda. Industrial Revolution – which uses digital ecosystems with value Companies are combining advanced advanced technologies such as chain partners. Generating, connectivity and advanced information and communication analysing and communicating automation, cloud computing, technologies (ICT) and cyber- data seamlessly underpins the sensors and 3D printing, connected physical systems (CPS) to gains promised by Industry 4.0, capability, computer powered reinvent products and services which networks a wide range of processes, intelligent algorithms from design and engineering new technologies to create value. and Internet of things (IoT) services to manufacturing and support, According to PWC survey to transform their businesses. expedite operational efficiency titled ‘Industry 4.0: Building About 30 per cent of the industrial and organisational growth. the Digital Enterprise’, Digital is companies surveyed in India In short, it is control over the now a priority for most CEOs of believed their vertical value chains entire product lifecycle – from industrial companies in India. and their product development and conception to production and More than a quarter (27 per engineering functions were already supply chain – but keeping in cent) of the industrial companies benefitting from an advanced level

6 www.raksha-anirveda.com www.raksha-anirveda.com of digitisation and integration. note of possible failures and subject to human error and bias. CURRENTLY, The areas of focus include create predictive maintenance Moreover, these agencies are not INDIA (27 digitising and connecting schedules to order parts, thereby keen to look at such advantages PER CENT) functions, such as digital implementing replacements and offered by digitalisation and IS SLIGHTLY order processes, customised reducing the cost of replacements. improve themselves, rather they BEHIND THE product development and the Another example is usage of continue with their traditional GLOBAL automated transfer of product remote 3-D printing for supply methods, overlooking the fact AVERAGE (33 PER data to connected planning and chain optimisation.” that the traditional supply chain CENT) AND ASIA- manufacturing systems, and In India, however, digital in defence production had PACIFIC (36 PER further on to integrated customer transformation in the defence knowledge gaps. CENT) IN TERMS service. These are also the areas sector still has a long way to OF LEVEL OF that they anticipate will be go. Notably, the defence sector ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DIGITISATION advanced in five years’ time. doesn’t even touch the half of the Currently, India (27 per cent) is total level of digitisation in India HOLDS THE KEY slightly behind the global average which stands at 27 per cent. One (33 per cent) and Asia-Pacific of the main reasons for India Artificial Intelligence (AI) is (36 per cent) in terms of level lagging behind in implementing emerging as the most disruptive of digitisation. While advanced digitalisation is because of the technology of the current era and digitisation and integration of fact that the Indian defence sector is advancing exponentially. AI is horizontal value chain (i.e. with is predominantly dominated by growing around the concept of suppliers, customers and other the DRDO and other state owned machines acquiring human like value chain partners), digital production agencies, namely intelligence for problem solving. business models and customer ordnance factories and the DPSUs. Though still in early evolutionary channels are progressing a little These agencies have not been stage, it is already changing the slowly, big advances are expected able to keep pace with changing ways the day to day thing are in five years’ time. Most Indian technology. For example, so far being done. It has already made companies expect to reach a lifecycle related information is fair progress and has performed digitisation level of around 65 per being compiled by manual data unimaginable feats like natural cent in five years as against 67 per recording by these agencies; language processing, facial cent in Asia-Pacific. such manual interventions are recognition, multi-dimensional According to an article in Defence Production & Acquisition, deployment of digitalised technology across manufacturing course, processes and machinery will enable companies to not only track the production process from start to finish but also analyse data across machines, and get real-time feedback on raw material availability, equipment condition and so on, resulting in efficient processes and higher- quality products at optimised costs, thereby increasing the revenue growth. “For example, captured data by placing sensors on equipment such as landing gear, engines on an aircraft can effectively help the defence companies to reduce the lifetime maintenance costs. Further, application of sensors will result in taking

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development. However, the effort required would be colossal, as it would also involve creation and retention of talent in India. With the obvious lag that India has had, India may face a near permanent disadvantage in the balance of power against China, with the impetus that China is providing to AI. CONCLUSION Tom Clancy, the American author, writes on the impact of computers on the military: “Fighting wars is not so much about killing people as it is about finding things out. The more you know, the more likely you are to win a battle.” Take the AEGIS system in the US Navy. It’s a radar computer system for air-battle management. What it does is give the commander an extra 15 minutes to decide what he’s going to do to fight a battle, and those 15 minutes are decisively important. The US Army’s doing the same thing with a system called IVIS, the Individual Vehicle Information System. It gives every tank and armoured vehicle a picture of the battlefield – where the good guys are and where the bad guys are. It’s a revolution because a computations and analysis, systems are being developed for field commander never has the scientific researches, robotic every possible military field, which information he needs. He has to surgeries, robotic cars, and so include combat, ISR, logistics, go with his best hunch. The more many others. No field seems to transportation, administration, information he has, the easier it is have been left untouched by this training, etc. Some of these like for him to win the battle. THE FUTURE OF THE DEFENCE technology. In a decade or so, as lethal autonomous weapon Just as computerisation was a PRODUCTION the technology evolves further, it systems have raised worries and game ch anger in the 1980s, and INDUSTRY IS is likely to radically transform the controversies too. AI, nevertheless, has remained so for more than DIGITISATION. ways of the mankind. is set to transform and reshape a generation, the future of the THE SOONER According to a report by the warfare in the near future. defence production industry is INDIA’S Delhi-based Institute for Defence In the Finance budget for digitisation. The sooner India’s STAKEHOLDERS Studies and Analyses (IDSA), 2018-19, Rs 30,730 million ($480 stakeholders adopt this, the ADOPT THIS, THE AI is also emerging as the base million) has been allocated for better their chances of surviving BETTER THEIR technology for the military the “Digital India” programme. the dogfight. CHANCES OF systems, where the future A positive aspect for India is SURVIVING THE intelligent weapons and systems that it has a robust information – The author is a New Zealand based DOGFIGHT defence analyst. His work has been are envisaged to transform the technology sector, which can quoted extensively by leading think tanks, military operations. Intelligent become a stepping stone for AI Universities and publications world wide

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RAKSHA A NIR VEDA ANALYSIS

ARMY MODERNISATION: A REALITY CHECK The need of the hour is to enhance defence spending by progressively increasing the defence budget from the present 2 per cent of GDP to at least 2.5 per cent, a prospect which looks unlikely in the current circumstances of heightened tensions in the West Asia and their impact on oil prices. It is imperative that the Army be modernised expeditiously and on priority in order to be prepared to take on security challenges of the future

By LT GEN BALLI S PAWAR (RETD) for future combat, the pace of modernisation has been painfully ndia today lives in and is adjacent to some of the most troubled regions in slow mainly due to the lack of the world. It faces many threats and challenges to its external and internal adequate funding (deterioration security, the foremost being the long festering dispute over Jammu and of Indian economy in last two Kashmir with Pakistan and the unresolved territorial and boundary years and resultant cuts in defence dispute with China. The assertiveness of China vis-a-vis India is clearly budget). Not only are a large evident with the bitter Doklam episode, Chinese nexus with Pakistan on number of weapon platforms Kashmir, and its increasing military presence in the Gilgit-Baltistan area languishing in the procurement of Pak-occupied Kashmir (PoK) and the Gwadar Port - these are serious pipeline due to lack of capital security challenges for the Indian military and do not augur well for long- funding, but the armed forces I term peace and stability in the region. have been forced to even slash some operational requirements. While some key initiatives by The insurgencies in Jammu and not only faces a very challenging the Government on the long Kashmir and the northeast region strategic environment but is also pending military reforms, like fuelled by Pakistan and China staring at the stark reality of constitution of the Defence respectively, the Maoist threat its two adversaries possessing Planning Committee (DPC) and the in India’s heartland, the likely significant military capabilities and appointment of a Chief of Defence deteriorating security environment modernising rapidly. Staff (CDS) have been recently in the Af-Pak region (in the wake In such a strategically adverse implemented, their impact on the of American troops withdrawal) environment, the Indian military forces modernisation presently is and the recent happenings in needs to modernise and create negligible. West Asia have further vitiated force structures that are capable India’s strategic environment. of undertaking network centric ARMY MODERNISATION STATUS The prevailing situation has operations on land, sea and air forced India’s military to plan while fighting a two front war. In this entire military and prepare for the possibility Although the Indian armed forces modernisation and transformation of a ‘two front’ war in any future have drawn up elaborate plans process the state of the third conflict on our northern and for modernising and qualitatively largest Army in the world leaves western borders. India therefore upgrading their capabilities much to be desired - the manpower

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THE PREVAILING SITUATION HAS FORCED INDIA’S MILITARY TO PLAN AND PREPARE FOR THE POSSIBILITY OF A ‘TWO FRONT’ WAR IN ANY FUTURE CONFLICT ON OUR NORTHERN AND WESTERN BORDERS. INDIA THEREFORE NOT ONLY FACES A VERY CHALLENGING STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT BUT IS ALSO STARING AT THE STARK REALITY OF ITS TWO ADVERSARIES T-90S MBT POSSESSING SIGNIFICANT intensive army’s progress has been MILITARY extremely sluggish to say the least. CAPABILITIES While there seems to be political AND MODERNISING and bureaucratic obliviousness to RAPIDLY the strategic reality, the military and specifically the army is well seized of the realisation that unless India takes immediate measures to accelerate the pace of its military modernisation and upgradation, the gap with China which is only a quantitative gap at present, will soon become a M777 A2 ULH qualitative gap, given the rapid rate of PLA modernisation and howitzers (though the situation stands compromised. Most of its infrastructure build-up in Tibet. is now gradually improving), weapon systems are bordering Likewise, the slender edge that night blindness, obsolete air on obsolescence and need to the Indian Army now enjoys defence, aging helicopters and be replaced. Ambitious plans to over its Pakistani counterpart shortage of ammunition for years transform the army from threat- in conventional conflict is being now. This aspect has been amply based to capability-based force eroded as Pakistan is spending elaborated upon and highlighted by 2022, proficient in conducting considerable sums of money on its by the military as well as the top hybrid missions, countering military modernisation under the most auditing authority like the asymmetric threats and fighting garb of fighting radical extremism CAG especially on the critical a two front war, have been and the flaunting of the availability deficiencies in equipment, weapon thwarted by the MoD’s hidebound of tactical nuclear weapons. systems and ammunition. With the bureaucracy and vacillating The Indian Army has been 1.3 million army lagging far behind decision-making. grappling with ill-equipped infantry in the modernisation / upgradation The modernisation of Infantry, battalions, lack of modern artillery process, its war fighting capability a key element of any army is yet

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ON NOVEMBER to take off. The Infantry today a fully networked, all terrain and form of Arjun Mark-II. The army’s 9 LAST YEAR lacks the basic personal weapons all weather personal equipment ambitious plan to indigenously IN A SPECIAL in terms of assault rifles and platform force for the digitised manufacture a fleet of modern CEREMONY carbines – a limited quantity of battlefield of the future, but its battle tanks christened as ‘Future HELD AT SCHOOL these are being procured (ex shelving leaves a question mark Ready Combat Vehicle’ is also OF ARTILLERY import) through a Fast Track on the concept. stuck in procedural apathy. To DEVLALI, THE LONG AWAITED Procedure to meet the immediate Mechanised forces are the meet its immediate operational M777 A2 ULTRA operational requirements. The driving force of Indian military’s requirement the army has LIGHT HOWITZER thrust of Infantry modernisation conventional deterrence in the inducted approximately 600 (ULH) AND K9 was to enhance the battalion’s plains, but currently the mission T-90S Main Battle Tanks from VAJRA TRACKED capability for surveillance and reliability of a large number of Russia and an additional 1,000 are SELF PROPELLED target acquisition at night and its tanks and infantry combat being built locally under licence (SP) GUN SYSTEM boosting the firepower. Plans vehicles (ICVs) is low and they at the Heavy Vehicles Factory, WERE FORMALLY include the acquisition of are mostly night blind. The Arjun Avadi. The Mechanised Infantry is INDUCTED INTO shoulder-fired missiles, hand- tank produced by DRDO has not currently equipped with the BMP- THE INDIAN held battlefield surveillance radars met the army’s requirements II infantry combat vehicles which ARMY – THE and thermal imaging devices due to major shortcomings, even are being upgraded for better FIRST MODERN ARTILLERY GUNS for night effectiveness. The though two regiments have been performance and providing night SINCE THE F-INSAS (future infantry soldier equipped with the same – The fighting capability. However a 10 INDUCTION OF as a system) project which was DRDO is in the process to remove year old plan to acquire a suitable 400 PIECES OF under development has also been the shortcomings and come up ‘Future Infantry Combat Vehicle’ to THE BOFORS shelved as an integrated approach, with the upgraded version in the replace the existing fleet is staring though various components at uncertainty due to divergent of the system will be pursued views of stakeholders. separately for procurement. This Artillery is the only arm where programme was the lynchpin of some significant and visible infantry transformation to become progress has been made towards modernisation after two decades BMP-II of stagnation. In a significant development, on November 9 last year in a special ceremony held at School of Artillery Devlali, the long awaited M777 A2 Ultra Light Howitzer (ULH) and the K9 Vajra Tracked Self Propelled (SP) Gun System were formally inducted into the Indian Army – the first Bofors 155-39 Calibre FH 77B modern artillery guns since the induction of 400 pieces of the Dhanush Artillery Gun Bofors 155/39 calibre FH77B in the mid 1980’s from Sweden. The success of the indigenously developed 155mm 45 calibre Dhanush gun (upgraded version of the Bofors) and reports of the indigenously developed Advanced Towed Artillery Gun System (ATAGS) achieving 40 km plus range during test firing last year, are indeed encouraging signs and auger well for the artillery modernisation process as well as indigenous capability for developing state of art howitzer

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systems. However, it will take another decade before the entire fleet of the vintage 105 mm guns can be replaced. The Army Air Defence remains the most obsolete arm of army today and needs total equipment revamp on priority. The only new system inducted is the Akash Weapon System developed as a short range surface to air missile (QRSAM) – two regiments have already been equipped with the same. Another system the Russian K9 Vajra Tracked Igla-S very short range air defence Self Propelled (SP) Gun System (VSHORAD) has been selected but Indian Air Force Dhruv

Gwadar port Ka-226T contract is yet to be signed. There is and mine clearance equipment. are questionable. Budgetary THE SUCCESS an urgent need to speed up various Finally the most critical issue of constraints and a poor indigenous OF THE other Army Air Defence weapon shortage and quality of all types defence industry base are the two INDIGENOUSLY acquisition projects for surface to of ammunition in the army needs main bottlenecks in the process. DEVELOPED air missile systems and upgrading to be addressed at the highest The need of the hour is to enhance 155MM 45 of old generation systems. levels of the Government before defence spending by progressively CALIBRE DHANUSH GUN The Army Aviation continues it becomes an ‘Achilles Heel’ like increasing the defence budget AND REPORTS to fly the vintage, outdated, unsafe during the Kargil conflict. from the present 2 per cent of OF ATAGS and obsolete fleet of Cheetah / GDP to at least 2.5 per cent, a ACHIEVING Chetak helicopters with no signs CONCLUSION prospect which looks unlikely 40 KM PLUS of replacement in sight – their in the current circumstances of RANGE DURING maintenance itself has become a From the above it is evident that the heightened tensions in the West TEST FIRING nightmare. These helicopters are Indian Army’s modernisation plans Asia and their impact on oil prices. LAST YEAR, the lifeline of troops deployed in are not only floundering but are also The Indian Army is today staring ARE INDEED high altitudes and the Siachen not on track. The grim situation can at a stark reality of fighting future ENCOURAGING Glacier. The project to replace be gauged by the fact that the key wars with outdated and obsolete SIGNS AND them with 200 Russian Ka-226T weapon acquisition cases are piling weapon systems and technology. AUGER WELL FOR THE ARTILLERY state-of-art helicopters is still up with the CCS without being It is imperative that the Army be MODERNISATION awaiting contract finalisation cleared due to lack of funds. In its modernised expeditiously and on after four years of deliberations. present state the army’s capacity priority in order to be prepared to Similarly the combat engineers to undertake operations optimally take on security challenges of the need to be provided with new in a multi-domain and technology future. generation bridging, mine laying dominated battlefield of the future - The author is an Indian Army veteran

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 13 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA THOUGHT POT INDIA’S IMPENDING FIGHTER AIRCRAFT CHOICES: FINDING THE ELUSIVE SOLUTION? The arrested landing of Tejas naval prototype on aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya and its first ski-jump carrier take-off from the same aircraft carrier a day later is a significant achievement in indigenous capability. However, the single-engine Tejas does not meet its requirements of an operationally viable fighter

By AIR MARSHAL M MATHESWARAN (RETD)

he New Year 2020 has given hopes and cause of celebration for Indian In the same vein, it is pertinent military aviation enthusiasts. The naval prototype of Tejas, India’s to note that the Indian Air Force’s indigenous fourth generation fighter aircraft under development for squadron strength continues more than three decades, made its historic first arrester cable landing on to deplete to unacceptably low January 11 on Indian Navy’s aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya. A day later levels. In December 2019, the IAF it made its first ski-jump carrier take-off from the aircraft carrier. This is phased out the last of its MiG-27 certainly a significant achievement in indigenous capability. However, it squadrons. Despite the induction T must also be remembered that the Navy has stated that the single-engine of Rafale and Tejas, the IAF will Tejas does not meet its requirements of an operationally viable fighter. continue to face challenges of reducing numbers and a large chunk of old platforms in its inventory. Fighter aircraft manufacturing in India until now solely the prerogative of the DPSU, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), is likely to change in the near future. This is a welcome portend, but it still continues to be a mirage in view of our archaic procedures and policy paralysis. The IAF has put out an RFI indicating the requirement of 114 fighter aircraft with manufacture in India through JV under the Strategic Partnership (SP) model while the Navy has put out a requirement for 57 twin-engine fighters for its carrier operations. Given the fact that the IAF’s requirements will balloon to over 400 fighters, and that the Navy may aspire to strength of 150 fighters for three carrier task LCA (Navy) arrested landing force plan, India will need to look at fighter aircraft manufacturing

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in terms of higher capacities and better supply chain control. Aspects of technology transfer and indigenous development makes the issue far more complex and needs decisions to be taken with significant strategic foresight.

TEJAS – NEED FOR HOLISTIC STRATEGY

IAF’s first Tejas squadron, No 45 Squadron at Sulur, is now fully equipped with 16 Initial Operational Clearance (IOC) standard aircraft. HAL has announced that the first four Final Operational Clearance (FOC) Tejas aircraft will begin equipping the second squadron by March 2020. HAL expects to complete the delivery of all 40 Tejas Mk 1 MMRCA aircraft aircraft by 2022-23. IAF’s contract for next batch of 83 Tejas Mk 1A is likely to be inked soon, but the series production of these will need to await completion of development testing of Mk 1A, which is unlikely to be completed by 2022. In order to avoid the disaster of a production holiday, HAL has taken the right decision to take on the production of 18 Tejas trainers during this period. The use of Mk 1 and Mk 1A LCA fighters should generate significant user data for the design agency to make relevant improvements. This is vitally in the requirements indicated by DESPITE THE INDUCTION OF RAFALE AND TEJAS, important to iron out scores both the IAF and the Indian Navy. THE IAF WILL CONTINUE TO FACE CHALLENGES of maintenance and reliability Navy has clearly indicated that OF REDUCING NUMBERS AND A LARGE CHUNK problems that are showing up it needs a twin-engine platform. in day-to-day operations. Next Unofficial indicators from the IAF OF OLD PLATFORMS IN ITS INVENTORY stage of Tejas should be the Mk also point to a similar view. What 2, which should incorporate all is heartening is the fact that both were relevant in the 1980s. Since corrections that emanate from HAL and ADA have indicated that major technology developments the user data. Effectively, Tejas they are keener to look at the were also combined in the LCA Mk 2, in terms of design maturity viability of this option. The author programme, the Tejas turned out and reliability, should become the had suggested such a solution to more as a technology development backbone of India’s fighter aircraft ADA and DRDO as early as 2008. project and hence, it took more production over the next two The logic was quite clear. The basic than three decades. decades. So what shape should the LCA (Tejas Mk 1) was developed In today’s environment, the Mk Mk 2 take? A pointer to this lies based on requirements that 1, although a high-tech platform

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 15 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA THOUGHT POT

In the time period when Tejas Mk 1 and Mk 1 A aircraft are in production (easily up to 2029-30), significant import substitution should take place by focusing on development of radar, EW and allied equipment, sensors, weapons, communication systems, avionics, aggregates and major components like actuators, materials such as carbon prepegs, and complete maintenance and training subsystems. Much of all this development and MiG 27 manufacture should take place in the private sector. By the time THERE IS A NEED TO ESTABLISH A CLEAR LONG- mentioned above will need few we complete Mk 2 development, other major decisions to be the LCA eco-system should be 80 TERM AEROSPACE STRATEGY WHERE THE DOTS implemented as preconditions. per cent indigenous and in full OF NATIONAL INTERESTS ARE CONNECTED SO To start with HAL – Bangalore control of the supply chain. This is THAT ALL ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT Division (responsible for LCA vital for India to become a military DECISION MAKING DEMONSTRATE STRATEGIC design, development and aerospace exporter. CONTINUITY manufacture) should be made an independent entity, and with TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION AND possible merger of ADA with HAL’s with significant capabilities is ARDC. It should be restructured RISK-SHARING PARTNERSHIP hampered by its small size, too to bring in corporate efficiency low a radius of action and low and accountability. Government Parallely, 114 fighter aircraft mission profile duration. Besides, should divest its holding to 10 procurement of the IAF and the Tejas is heavily import per cent but hold a golden veto, 57 aircraft requirement of the dependent that creates serious and invite risk-sharing private Indian Navy should be decided supply chain vulnerabilities investment. quickly so that the selected and potential adverse impact on export prospects. These will Rafale aircraft need to be addressed in the Mk 2. By using all experience and success achieved in the Mk 1, and applying user data feedback, HAL and ADA could quickly develop a twin-engine model that will be larger, operationally more robust and viable, easily maintainable, and be more refined in the class of MMRCA. In effect a twin-engine LCA Mk 2 could easily rival the Rafale within 8-10 years, if all efforts are focused towards it. This could easily lead to a production run of more than 400 Mk 2s for both the IAF and the Indian Navy. Besides, if most technologies used are indigenous, it could have huge export prospects. Viability of proposals

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Tejas Mk1A Defence Minister Flags off 51st Vajra-T Gun

OEM, in partnership with Indian ensuring the development of New Delhi: Defence Minister Rajnath strategic partner, creates a robust an export-driven eco-system, Singh on January 16 flagged off 51st K9 fighter aircraft manufacturing and joint ventures driven by VAJRA-T Gun from Larsen & Toubro (L&T) eco-system. This would be a co-design and co-development Armoured System Complex at Hazira in challenge because other HAL, in future projects would be a Gujarat. there is no other Indian industry better option. The selected aircraft Addressing a gathering on the occasion, with any meaningful aircraft OEM should provide technology he called for active participation of the manufacturing experience. and risk-sharing investment and private sector in defence manufacturing, However, some pre-emptive accountability in future projects reaffirming the Government’s commitment positioning by foreign OEM and (AMCA). to make India arms manufacturing hub Indian industries have taken and net defence exporter. place in anticipation. Boeing, LONG-TERM COHERENT Acknowledging the increasing HAL, and Mahindra have formed participation of the private sector in a consortium for Boeing’s F-18 STRATEGY DRIVEN BY NATIONAL defence production, Singh stressed that a Super Hornet platform, while Tatas INTERESTS lot still needs to be done to make India a have combined with Lockheed global defence manufacturing hub. Martin for the latter’s F-16 Block We need to establish a clear long- He assured that the Government will 70 (renamed as F-21, clearly term aerospace strategy where make all efforts to remove any roadblocks a ploy to come around Indian the dots of national interests and work together to achieve the goal of politicians’ reluctance on F-16 as are connected so that all our indigenisation and self-reliance in defence it is operated by Pakistan). The acquisition and development sector. third likely contender, Swedish decision making demonstrate Gripen, is in possible arrangement strategic continuity. Until now with Adani Defence. Three other we have suffered greatly due contenders; Rafale, Eurofighter, to the isolated nature of our and Russian Su-35 have not made acquisitions and development any movement. Selection through projects. An integrated fighter a competitive process may not aircraft manufacturing strategy be a good option, given the past is the need of the hour. experience of the unsuccessful, long-drawn out MMRCA process. – Air Marshal M Matheswaran AVSM VM PhD (Veteran) is a former Deputy A quick and bold decision by Chief of Integrated Defence Staff. He the government on the basis of is now the Chairman and President of strategic interests, technology ‘The Peninsula Foundation’, a Chennai- access, risk-sharing investment, based policy research think tank.

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 17 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA IN CONVERSATION “WE NEED TO BENCHMARK OUR TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS AND INNOVATION WITH LEADING PLAYERS”

r Ajay Kumar currently serving as Defence Secretary has been responsibilities included developing leading from front to ensure India’s emergence as Defence a defence industrial ecosystem in the Manufacturing Hub in quick turn of time. country as part of the Make in India As Secretary, Defence Production Dr. Kumar played a pivotal in defence policy. This continues to role in building an ecosystem and enabling Indian firms compete be an important priority. However, in the global defence market. With his keen interest in R&D, as Defence Secretary the overall innovation in India and understanding of the domestic defence defence policy has wider ambit industry requirements, he was instrumental in providing the including the international defence much needed thrust to Make in India initiative to realise India’s cooperation as well. D self-reliance goal by 2025 in several weapon systems. Some of my priorities as Defence Dr Kumar, a 1985-batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) Secretary include promoting Make officer of the Kerala cadre is an alumni of IIT, Kanpur and did in India in defence, expanding his Masters and Doctorate from the University of Minnesota. He defence exports, enhancing defence has served in various capacities in both the Government of India cooperation, enhancing use of and the Government of Kerala and was recently felicitated as digitisation within defence to distinguished alumni by IIT, Kanpur for his professional excellence and nation building efforts. identify and mobilise extra budgetary In an interview to Raksha Anirveda, the Defence Secretary improveresources efficiency to meet and defence reduce needscosts, spoke at length on the various initiatives taken by the Government and undertake reforms to improve of India to open up as well as ease the development and growth of functioning of Cantonment Boards the defence sector. Excerpts: to improve lives of civilians in these Cantonments.

As Secretary, Defence How do you find your organisations and Ministries. Production you were role as Defence The security framework is instrumental in implementing Secretary and what are your extremely important to ensure various new guidelines to promote immediate priorities? Does it that economic gains achieved the domestic defence sector and differ from the previous one by the country are safeguarded also initiate many reforms to usher in terms of functionalities and we further build on as in the ease of doing business. and accountabilities? Kindly move towards a US$5 trillion Please elaborate? elucidate. economy. Department of Defence Defence Secretary is part of Defence Secretary builds on Production has taken several the overall security my previous role as Secretary, transformative steps which has been framework of the country Defence Production. In able to open up defence industry including several other important Defence Production, my ecosystem in the country. The effort

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IF OUR INDUSTRY IS ABLE TO EXPORT, IT IS DOING SO IN THE FACE OF GLOBAL COMPETITION AND OVERCOMING THE BARRIERS OF ENTRENCHED BIG GLOBAL PLAYERS. THE DEFENCE EXPORTS WHICH WERE AROUND RS 1600 CRORES IN 2016-17 was to encourage greater DPSUs and OFB were encouraged DPSUs/OFB to place long term participation of private defence to move up the value chain contracts up to 10 years in order INCREASED industry in defence production from being mere production to provide economic viability to TO RS 10,700 while continuing to support the agencies to also develop vendors providing indigenous CRORES IN public sector. technology. Under Operation components for platforms being 2018-19 To encourage private industry, manufactured by DPSUs/OFB. several steps/new initiatives year of its launch, in 2018-19, DPSUs/OFB encouraged to tie up were taken. These included 770Raksha International Gyanshakti, Patents in the (IPs)first with global Original Equipment Make II scheme for design and Manufacturers (OEMs) and form development of defence related a result of this effort. Defence products by industry, iDEx for PSUswere filedwere bystrengthened DPSUs/OFB asto promoting greater participation develop export mechanism to inJVs. UP Indo was Russian a result Rifles of one Pvt such Ltd by Startups for defence purposes, enable them to seek markets effort.for manufacturing AK 203 rifles Defence Investor Cell within beyond Indian defence forces. Similarly, Mishra Dhatu Ministry of Defence (MoD) as Special programme to enable Nigam Limited (Midhani) set a friend of defence industry, up JV with National Aluminium streamlining export procedures Intelligence (AI) based products Company Limited (NALCO) to including Open General License inDPSUs/OFB collaboration to develop with academia/ Artificial build specialised alloy. BEL, (OGL) to enable easier defence industry were taken up. BEML and HAL also signed exports. Make II procedure was made several Memorandums of Defence Testing Infrastructure applicable to DPSUs/OFB to Understanding (MoUs) which Scheme was formulated to set up enable them to take advantage of are expected to result in new JVs. dedicated testing infrastructure the same for their sourcing. OFB for private players. Several items manual was revised to provide From your tenure as earlier reserved for Ordnance for greater delegation. Several Secretary, Defence Factory Board (OFB) were proposals for capital upgradation Production to Defence and modernisation for OFB were Secretary now, you have been defence industry to offer. approved which enabled them taking keen interest in denotifiedSimilarly, and efforts made availablewere also for to upgrade their systems. New establishing defence taken to support public sector. The indigenisation policy enabled corridors, synergising R&D

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 19 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA IN CONVERSATION

overcome these and make the initiative a success?

improvement in Make in India Therein defence. has been Our significant overall defence and aerospace industry is nearly Rs 80,000 crores and growing. More and more players in this industry are getting integrated with the global supply chain. All kind of defence platforms are being made in India. These include helicopters,

planes, trainer aircrafts, fighterUnmanned planes, AerialDornier transportVehicles (UAVs) etc. Naval vessels including corvettes, frigates, destroyers, submarines, and other smaller vessels are being made in India. THE SECURITY and innovation in indigenous work in defence and aerospace. Tanks, artillery guns, small FRAMEWORK defence manufacturing and Our own defence market is also arms, ammunition, explosives, IS EXTREMELY also have been instrumental fairly big. But we also need to etc. are being made in India. in creating a collaborative recognise that the global defence Several types of simulators IMPORTANT TO cohesiveness among market is many times bigger. are being made here. Various ENSURE THAT stakeholders. What more Therefore, there are electronic and software-based ECONOMIC steps in your view are systems are being made by GAINS required / needed to truly area. Indian industry. Software ACHIEVED open up the Indian defence significantThere opportunitiesare some in corethis BY THE sector to realise its true technological areas where we of domestic industry’s capability potential? need to develop capabilities. todefined provide radio latestis latest electronic example COUNTRY ARE The determining factor in Three which come to mind component for defence needs. SAFEGUARDED being able to have true are semiconductors, engine Indian Regional Navigation AND WE self-reliance in defence is technology and advanced Satellite System (IRNSS) NavIC FURTHER BUILD technological leadership. materials technology. We need to provides opportunity to have ON AS MOVE Defence Research and develop core capabilities in this our indigenous navigation TOWARDS A Development Organisation area. We may need to strengthen system and reduce dependence (DRDO) has been playing a academic institutions private on global systems like GPS and US$ 5 TRILLION leading role in this regard. This is and public sector industrial base Glonass. We are also becoming ECONOMY now being supplemented by the and other experts with a long- a big base for manufacturing role of private industry, startups term perspective so that overall components for defence and and DPSUs/OFB. capability in these technologies aerospace platforms. We need to benchmark our can be developed. One indicator is growth in technological progress and defence export. If our industry innovation with leading players. According to experts/ is able to export, it is doing so We have the strength of world’s analysts, the initiative in the face of global competition biggest and most sophisticated Make in India has fallen short and overcoming the barriers of software industry. Global OEMs of expectations in terms of entrenched big global players. are getting their software work delivering result. Lack of The defence exports which were outsourced from India. We have competition and level playing around Rs 1600 crores in 2016- strength of one of world’s largest field in the sector are being 17 increased to Rs 10,700 crores startup ecosystem which is considered as major barriers. in 2018-19. responding excitedly to the call to What steps are being taken to Several projects which have

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been given to industry under interest to work with our startups Air Force) requirement, Make II are also indicative of this in defence. innovation and production positive trend. However, while the capabilities. Each of these are at trends have been very positive, The initiative iDEX has frontier edge of advancement as these need to be built upon and been a grand success in second-best is often not useful at gains further multiplied. terms of awareness and the time of war. To be able to attracting innovators and undertake a project successfully, The Defence Minister startups. How far iDEX been able all these agencies need to pool called for ideation, to contribute in defence sector their needs and capabilities. innovation and incubation in especially in opening up the The other positive spinoff cutting edge-technologies to sector for startups? of iDEX has been that there achieve the goal of indigenisation I agree fully. iDEX has been a has been greater acceptance and self-reliance in the defence great success. In terms of of startups across the defence sector. How far Innovations for technologies, I think the prototypes fraternity, whether it is the Forces Defence Excellence (iDEX) is or DRDO or DPSUs/OFB. Mehar contributory to indigenisation iDEX players are likely to be Baba competition by Air Force, and self- reliance in defence fromavailable the firstin about set of a technologies year. by collaboration between startups sector? and Army Design Bureau (ADB), iDEX has been a success iDEX brings together a funding of startups by DRDO/ “WE HAVE THE beyond expectations. Our large number of DPSUs are becoming increasingly STRENGTH youth have responded to the stakeholders like MoD, iDEX accepted now. OF WORLD’S BIGGEST challenges offered by our defence selected startups, partner AND MOST forces with energy and sweat incubators, Defence Innovation What’s your take on the SOPHISTICATED which speaks volumes of our Organisation (DIO), nodal Government initiatives SOFTWARE youth’s desire to contribute to agencies (Indian Army, Navy, Air like Defence Investor Cell (DIC), INDUSTRY. nation’s security. Force), DRDO, DPSUs, Indian Ease of Doing Business (EODB), GLOBAL Several iDEX respondents have Ordnance Factories (IOFs), increased FDI in defence sector OEMS ARE been able to show progress which MSMEs and industry and more importantly the GETTING THEIR gives us timelines of months associations. How are they prioritised decision making by SOFTWARE where years were thought of. mutually beneficial and Defence Acquisition Council to WORK The strength of startups is to be complementary to one-other in acquire defence equipment? OUTSOURCED appreciated from the fact that their the growth of the defence sector? How all these activities are FROM INDIA. WE HAVE work is attracting global players. Defence production collectively facilitating the STRENGTH Other leading countries are ecosystem is an interplay sector and have these been OF ONE OF coming forward and expressing between the user’s (Army, Navy, helpful in checking the WORLD’S LARGEST STARTUP ECOSYSTEM WHICH IS RESPONDING EXCITEDLY TO THE CALL TO WORK IN DEFENCE AND AEROSPACE”

Dr Ajay Kumar, IAS Defence Secretary

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 21 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA IN CONVERSATION

par with big private industry players or how both DPSUs and private players should tie- up to come out with better product at par with foreign players? I think DPSUs are already among top global companies. Three to four of them

I have no doubt that some of best defencefigure in thehuman top 100 resources list of SIPRI. are working in these DPSUS/OFB. DPSUs are continuously striving to become more

efforts to get into exports and newefficient technology and with development,their recent I think they should be able to consolidate their position going forward.

Do you agree with the viewpoint that the country now needs competitive environment in R&D and renewed focus on Kaveri engine as a national mission to acquire strategic autonomy in real terms? Kindly account the details of progress with facts and figures in last five years in defence sector? I think we should pool all our capabilities, whether in DRDO, industry-private and public sector, startups, academia to plan for technological self- reliance and leadership. We have unwarranted delay and cost- acting as a friend and guide, shown this in software. We have ineffectiveness due to complex opening doors to access shown this is design and procedures and decision information which was possibly development across several making processes? not otherwise available. Use of domains. Indians abroad are It is extremely important digital platforms for export and to reduce barriers to invest offset has also helped. However, global innovation ecosystems. and participate in defence many pain points still remain Therefore,playing significant it is distinctly role possible. in the production ecosystem in the With respect to development country if we hope to become a procurement etc. and we need to of indigenous engine capability, progressivelyespecially in testing, work certification, towards all options should be examined plus defence and aerospace reducing these. and a plan drawn up by industrysignificant of part the of world.the US$300 Several bn technical experts which would steps have been taken. Defence What’s in your view realise the ambition to have an Investor Cell has been playing an Government should do to engine which India can claim important role in this regard make DPSUs, barring a few, at ownership of.

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RAKSHA A NIR VEDA NEWS MAKER

It is a proverbial ‘small step for man (‘Mao’, if you may, in this case), a giant leap for India’. Test LCA (NAVY) ACHIEVES crew around the world execute such ‘test points’ every day – breaking new ground, expanding envelopes, defining the corners, setting new boundaries, then HISTORIC MILESTONES stepping down from cockpit to work it all out with engineers, designers, scientists, maintenance Carrying out the ﬁrst arrested landing by an indigenous folks, certification & quality naval prototype Light Combat Aircraft aboard INS assurance authorities. This is Vikramaditya, India has created a historic milestone experimental flight testing of a very high order. Not all ‘experiments’ are successful, as history will By KP SANJEEV KUMAR inform us. But they are essential, indeed vital, to developing an n a bright sunny day on the Western seaboard, India crossed a significant aerospace product. This 20-second aviation milestone when the indigenous naval prototype of Light Combat video was preceded by decades of Aircraft (LCA) carried out a copybook arrested landing aboard Indian Navy’s team work by a committed team, aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya. In September 2019, the naval prototype of which, ‘Mao’ simply represents had undertaken its first arrested landing at the Shore Based Test Facility the arrowhead. (SBTF) at Goa. On January 11, 2020, just four months later, naval test pilot A round of applause is indeed O Cmde Jaideep Maolankar successfully carried out the first arrested landing due. We landed an indigenous on the Indian aircraft carrier. fighter on a carrier, piloted by a Commodore, more than 100 years after Eugene Burton Ely landed LCA Navy making historical arrested his Curtiss Pusher airplane on USS landing on INS Vikramaditya Pennsylvania. That Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) and the Indian Navy persisted against the systemic ‘one step forward two steps back’ tango to land this one definitely deserves a collective ‘cheers’. LCA (Navy) landing on VKD is a national team effort of gigantic scale. The test pilot bridges a gap between theory and practice. Despite best efforts, some things in prototype flight test may remain ‘unknown’ till rubber meets steel. Today, we have ‘trap’ data from an Indian programme – that’s vitally important. No nation shares this kind of stuff. The Indian Navy shared a video of the landing that soon went viral on social media. If you watched the video closely, you will PHOTO: DEB RANA (ADA)

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PHOTO: INDIAN NAVY observe bright blue skies, calm seas, a ‘Jumbo’ (rescue helicopter) hovering abeam the carrier’s port beam, and three arrester wires that play ‘Newton’ to bring to rest a metal ‘apple of a billion eyes’ within a few metres. There are a few deck markings to guide you by day, a ‘Meatball’ and some lights by night. What you don’t see are the engineers below deck, test directors, ground crew, radar controller, Landing Signal Officer, FlyCo, Captain (Air) or Air Boss, and an army of dedicated naval personnel – all tuned to a singular purpose: “SAFETY”. They all deserve equal applause. Takeoff and landing performance is just a crucial subset of the mission. There are miles to go before this bird Vice Adm MS Pawar, DCNS, on-board VKD days before the rst ‘trap’ of LCA (Navy) can be of any use to the navy. The spinoffs from this phase of The LCA’s nose wheel landed a departing MiG29K’s flaming development will set the bar for slap-bang on the centreline. That exhaust. It is symbolic and warms LCA (Navy) Mk II. Navy has shown kind of performance doesn’t come the heart. May I say, more ‘Pawar’ remarkable foresight in keeping cheap or easy. Experimental test to you, Sir! Don’t pop the bubbly the project alive despite steep pilots evaluate such test points yet. There will be many more challenges. Mao will leave behind with a ‘handling qualities rating test points before the team is big boots to fill when he hangs (HQR)’ or Dynamic Interface Pilot done collecting data.Carrier LCA (NAVY) the naval coveralls soon. It is an Effort Scale (DIPES). They assign launches, bolters, night landings, LANDING eternal battle against forces that qualitative comments about maintenance & upkeep at sea, op- ON VKD IS A would like to see this iron bird ‘how did it feel’ versus ‘what logistic jigsaw puzzle – net sum NATIONAL ashore in a museum. was required’. Such qualitative of which will go into making the TEAM EFFORT The naval LCA Mk1 is a comments corroborate scientific future LCA Mk2 / TEDBF a viable OF GIGANTIC prototype that will never go into data to fine tune an aerial Deck-based Aircraft (DBA). production. We are at a peculiar weapon system. Every person All this we must achieve while SCALE. THE point in history where we celebrate involved in the program must products like the F/A-18 Super TEST PILOT a ‘first’ knowing fully well it will have worked their head around Hornet or Rafale continue to BRIDGES A never become ‘the one’. We can numerous challenges: availability tempt us with the promise of a GAP BETWEEN only hope that people like Mao and of the carrier for such trials ‘proven’ solution. The Tejas must THEORY AND indigenous birds like the LCA have after a particularly bad season, win this battle every day. It needs PRACTICE. a ‘future’ in our scheme of things. operational deployments, refit your help to survive many ‘traps’. In between, lie many mountains of schedules, to name a few. Yet Meanwhile, here’s to the entire DESPITE BEST bureaucracy, denial regimes, self- within four months of the first Team LCA – a big shabash! Bravo EFFORTS, SOME flagellation and self-doubt. These ‘trap‘ ashore, Indian Navy has Zulu! THINGS IN challenges will always remain. achieved this crucial milestone. PROTOTYPE There are many trap doors that That shows a remarkable level of –The author is a former navy test FLIGHT TEST may open any time to swallow the commitment. There is definitely pilot who has flown over 4200 hours MAY REMAIN program. One can only hope the somebody in the driving seat on 24 different aircraft. He calls ‘UNKNOWN’ project endures whims and fancies here. A few days ago, the Deputy himself ‘full-time aviator, part-time of a nation known to make sudden Chief of Naval Staff (DCNS) writer’ and maintains a diligent TILL RUBBER U-turns in indigenous aerospace Vice Adm MS Pawar was on blog at www.kaypius.com. He can be MEETS STEEL product development. site, shooting pictures against reached at [email protected]”

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 25 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA BUSINESS INITIATIVE

HENSOLDT PRESENTS “TWINVIS” PASSIVE RADAR SILENT SURVEILLANCE OF SILENT OBJECTS

ENSOLDT, the leading German Populated areas all over the world have “white spots”and detection of targets sensor solutions and the providers sufficient transmitter-of-opportunity coverage formerly flying “under the radar”. It’s of the State of Art Air Defence and for TwInvis to use. However, the system can even considered to be accurate Weapon Locating Radar, COBRA, also work in sparsely populated areas. enough for application in the Air H are now presenting its passive This is achieved by the use of cooperative Traffic Control domain, for its 3D radar system called “TwInvis”. transmitters delivering either content like real time and instant omnidirectional TwInvis is a passive radar that adds a music or just white noise. Light, small and easy tracking, TwInvis uses state of new dimension to the world of surveillance to deploy, TwInvis is equally home in urban the art processing and current and situational awareness. It offers decisive areas or remote borders. Its economical high-end computing platforms. This operational advantages: it cannot be located price and maintenance and silent operation allows the exploitation of more than due to the absence of any transmitted energy make it the right system to enable coverage in 20 transmitters simultaneously. and it does not need any emissions from targets to locate them. TwInvis avoids adding to an already over-crowded electromagnetic spectrum and works instead by using existing VHF and UHF transmissions from analogue and digital radio as well as television. This makes it perfect for: covert surveillance tasks, use in areas of electromagnetic congestion, gap filling, and where jamming is a concern.

THE RADAR’S NAME IS MADE UP FROM “TWIN” + “INVISIBLE”, AS NEITHER TWINVIS ITSELF NOR THE TARGETS TO BE DETECTED EMIT ANY SIGNALS ON THEIR OWN, WHICH MEANS THAT THEY ARE ELECTROMAGNETICALLY “INVISIBLE”

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Deployable in a mobile, easily relocatable or as a fixed system, TwInvis also comes equipped with a mission planning tool to find the best sensor location and predict the scenario performance. HENSOLDT’s TwInvis system excels with a very precise picture of the airspace covered, which is obtained by simultaneously analysing a large number of frequency bands. For example, up to 16 FM transmitters (analogue radio) plus 5 frequencies used by several DAB and DAB+ transmitters (digital radio) as well as DVB-T and DVB-T2 (digital, terrestrial television) can be simultaneously analysed for the first time. Furthermore, HENSOLDT’s new generation of software will provide unprecedented performance in terms of range and precision of detection. In civil applications, passive radar systems make cost-effective air traffic control possible without any additional emissions and without using transmission frequencies, which are in short supply. In military applications, the system enables wide-area surveillance using networked receivers, while offering the advantage that passive radar systems cannot be located by the enemy and are very hard to jam. Moreover, no agreement is required with any other public authority, as there is no radiation, which allows the system to be quickly ready for deployment in new locations and to also be used in urban areas. This system uses VHF (very high frequency), About HENSOLDT result in another advantage of the new digital radio and television frequencies HENSOLDT is a pioneer of technology technology: the system can be used in as carrier waves rather than its own and innovation in the area of defence places where coverage was previously transmitter. and security electronics. The company, inadequate, in particular for example, in TwInvis has already shown what headquartered in Taufkirchen near Munich, mountainous regions. it can do in several demonstrations to is a market leader in civilian and military Passive radar is set to become a military customers, air traffic control sensor solutions, developing new products supplement to conventional active radar organisations and other interested parties. to counter a wide variety of threats based within the next few years. It offers a Two TwInvis demonstrators have already on disruptive concepts in such fields as decisive operational advantage: it cannot been delivered to potential customers in big data, robotics and cyber security. With be located and it cannot be jammed. The Europe. a workforce of some 4,300 employees, HENSOLDT generates revenues of more than 1 billion euros per year. THE KEY FUNCTIONAL ADVANTAGES OF PASSIVE RADARS More info: ARE AIR SURVEILLANCE AT A LOW COST, UNDETECTABLE HENSOLDT Pvt Ltd CONFIGURATION WHILE NO COOPERATION / EMISSIONS 4th Floor, VR Bengaluru FROM THE TARGETS ARE NECESSARY, EFFECTIVE Whitefield, 2nd Stage , K R Puram, Hobli, Bengaluru 560 048 COUNTER TO STEALTH AIRCRAFTS Phone: +91 80 61790110

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 27 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA DEFENCE COOPERATION INDIA-JAPAN SECURITY COOPERATION: CHALLENGES IN ALIGNING WITH THEIR RESPECTIVE FREE AND OPEN INDO-PACIFIC INITIATIVES At a time when the United States and China are involved in a strategic competition, India and Japan have to engage in wider and deeper cooperation in their foreign and security policies, and function together as a stabilizing anchor in the Indo-Paci c region

By COL SHUTARO SANO (RETD)

nder the banner of the ‘Special Strategic and Global Partnership’, India and expanded the number of its Japan have been deepening their strategic cooperation in a variety of areas, defence attachés posted in India including economic, energy, climate change, global governance and security for from one Ground Self-Defense over half a decade. While the foundation of a strategic partnership between the Force (GSDF) officer to one two countries was developed during the ten years of the UPA rule, the Modi and from each service with a total U Abe administrations have driven the two countries to strive for a multifunctional of three. The vice-minister level cooperation. It should be noted, however, that the advancement of cooperative ‘2 plus 2’ dialogues have been relationship has been driven by the urgent need for both countries to respond upgraded to minister level in to the imminent challenges which emerged from the drastic changes, notably, November 2019, enabling the in the international and regional security environment. two countries to seek deeper cooperation in joint training and exercise, defence equipment These include China’s rising ground for India and Japan and technology cooperation in assertiveness in the forms of to seek wider and deeper a wide range of areas not only military buildup and actions as cooperation in their foreign and in the traditional geographic well as its geostrategic Belt and security policies, and function space – land, sea and air – but Road Initiatives (BRI) – and the together as a stabilizing anchor also in new domains such as escalation of various regional for maintaining the rules-based outerspace, cyberspace and and global security challenges order based on shared norms the electromagnetic spectrum. such as terrorism, proliferation and values in the Indo-Pacific Notably, the significance of of weapons of mass destruction region. developing Japan’s defence (WMD) and concerns over Specifically, in the security capabilities in these three new maritime security and safety. field, there have been notable domains has been highlighted for Furthermore, the growing developments. To name a few, the first time in its latest National strategic competition between joint military exercises are Defense Program Guidelines of the United States and China, now being conducted not only 2018. Moreover, the enhanced President Donald Trump’s between the navies and coast ‘2 plus 2’ ministerial dialogues ‘America First’ policy, and guards, respectively, but also are expected to accelerate the the rise of nationalism and between the air and ground negotiations on the Acquisition authoritarianism have laid the forces. Additionally, Japan has and Cross-Servicing Agreement

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(ACSA) that would, if concluded, further deepen not only the India-Japan bilateral security cooperation but also cooperation among Japan, India and the United States, together with the Japan-US ACSA agreement and the 2016 Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement (LEMOA) concluded between New Delhi and Washington. Earlier in 2015, the status of Japan’s Maritime Self-Defense Force (MSDF) was upgraded to that of a permanent participant in Exercise Malabar– which has been held between India and the United States since 1992 –, facilitating the naval cooperation among the three forces. Meanwhile, deeper India- Japan security cooperation has been pursued not only in bilateral and trilateral forms but also in regional and international settings such as the ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting-Plus (ADMM-Plus) and the United Nations. Today, the India-Japan security Prime Minister Narendra Modi with his Japanese counterpart Shinzo Abe cooperation is being pursued to region. However, this is easier to have different areas of TODAY, THE cope with the various bilateral, said than done for a number interests. Tokyo’s FOIP vision INDIA-JAPAN regional and global challenges of reasons. First, India and primarily focuses on quality SECURITY at an unprecedented pace. Japan’s Indo-Pacific initiatives infrastructure development COOPERATION IS While there is an utmost need – New Delhi’s Free, Open, and and regional connectivity, BEING PURSUED for New Delhi and Tokyo to Inclusive Indo-Pacific (FOIIP) but, at the same time, the Abe TO COPE WITH continue its pursuit of a deeper and Tokyo’s Free and Open administration has recently THE VARIOUS BILATERAL, security cooperation in all three Indo-Pacific (FOIP) vision – lack solidified its efforts in deepening REGIONAL dimensions– efforts to cope with convergence. Indeed, the FOIIP the linkage between security AND GLOBAL the bilateral, regional and global and FOIP are both primarily and development which has CHALLENGES challenges – a critical issue development-driven initiatives, become increasingly significant AT AN arises for the two countries: which emphasize the importance with the multiple cross-border UNPRECEDENTED that is, whether/how to align the of ASEAN centrality and infrastructure development PACE security cooperation with their inclusiveness. Yet, the initiatives projects in the Indo-Pacific in respective development-driven differ in their priorities. recent years. Notably, Japan Free and Open Indo-Pacific To begin with, the geographic has made significant changes in initiatives. The necessity of such scopes in which the initiatives its 2003 Official Development an alignment may be a debatable cover do not match up: Tokyo’s Assistance Charter, which has issue, but a more comprehensive FOIP ranges from the West been heavily development- and coherent cooperative Pacific in the east to the eastern focused with the introduction of framework with the alignment coast of Africa in the west, while a more balanced Development is most likely to contribute New Delhi’s FOIIP primarily Cooperation Charter in 2015. In better to ensuring peace and focuses on the Indian Ocean. addition, the Ministry of Defense sustainable development in the Moreover, the initiatives seem of Japan (MOD) has deepened

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its continuous assertive actions along the respective territorial boundaries of both India and Japan, including Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Shin, as well as the East and South China Sea and the Indian and the Pacific Ocean. Furthermore, apprehensions over China’s BRI have driven countries to question the intent of Beijing in its pursuit of the initiative, due to its geostrategic but ambiguous implications, as well as Beijing’s de facto possession of overseas ports such as Sri Lanka’s Hambantota Harbour and Pakistan’s Gwadar. Meanwhile, both India and Japan have been very careful not to be perceived as containing or targeting any particular country including China, and Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and External Affairs Minister Dr S Jaishankar with their Japanese counterparts have emphasized that their its security efforts through and security elements within development-driven Indo-Pacific regional institutions such as its Indo-Pacific initiative. initiatives remain inclusive in fear the ASEAN by initiating the Instead, it seems, at least from of aggravating their respective Vientiane Vision in 2016, which the Japanese perspective, relationships with Beijing. was later redefined in line with that India wants to focus on Indeed, China has continuously the concept of Tokyo’s FOIP in strengthening New Delhi’s criticized of being contained November 2019. Earlier in the strategic identity by enhancing politically and militarily, namely same year, the MOD established economic development as by the United States and its a FOIP-related position, well as maintaining diversity, allies and partners. Given the the Director for Defense plurality and other Indian two-way situation – the need to Cooperation in the Indo- values intact, while at the deal with China militarily and to Pacific, within the International same time, increasingly accommodate China otherwise Policy Division of the Defense building partnerships with –, it will, by nature, be difficult Policy Bureau in July. These the West. The difference in for New Delhi and Tokyo to align measures are intended to back their approaches to the Indo- their security cooperation with up Tokyo’s FOIP, which aims Pacific is also attributed to their respective development- to (1) promote fundamental the extant differences in the driven Indo-Pacific initiatives. principles of the international political foundations of the Furthermore, the fact that India order, (2) pursue economic two countries: Japan’s reliance and Japan do not necessarily prosperity by strengthening on the Japan-US alliance and share the same views towards regional connectivity, and (3) India’s emphasis on its strategic China – the former being less ensure peace and stability of autonomy. accommodating than the latter as the region through capacity The second is the China exemplified by their approaches building and humanitarian factor. The stronger the India- to China’s BRI – complicates the assistance and disaster relief Japan cooperation becomes, matter even more. (HA/DR). In contrast, India the more China may feel that Third, both India and Japan has been more cautious in it is being contained. Indeed, may be forced to transform their reflecting the security elements New Delhi and Tokyo have respective Indo-Pacific initiatives in its FOIIP, and it seems, at this recently strengthened their into a more confrontational one moment, that New Delhi has no defence efforts given Beijing’s similar to the US version. Today, intention to link development growing military buildup and India’s FOIIP and Japan’s FOIP

30 www.raksha-anirveda.com www.raksha-anirveda.com differ in principle and practice level of confrontation against peace and stability in the region. THE DIFFERENCE with the United States’ version China, both New Delhi and As noted, the link between IN THEIR of the Indo-Pacific initiative. Tokyo are most likely to be development and security has APPROACHES Unlike New Delhi and Tokyo, pressured to align with the become increasingly significant TO THE INDO- Washington has taken a more US’ confrontational Indo- given the introduction PACIFIC IS ALSO confrontational approach in Pacific initiative. However, of multiple cross-border ATTRIBUTED TO THE EXTANT utilizing its own FOIP strategy/ transforming their development- infrastructure development DIFFERENCES IN version. In early June 2019, driven initiatives into security- initiatives. However, India has THE POLITICAL the US Department of Defense oriented versions would most no intention to link development FOUNDATIONS released an exclusively security- likely affect the level of support and security elements within OF THE TWO oriented Indo-Pacific Strategy in a negative way towards its FOIIP. In the case of Japan, COUNTRIES: Report, which specifically India’s FOIIP and Japan’s FOIP the MSDF has been striking a JAPAN’S targeted China along with from countries, notably the balance between the ways of RELIANCE ON Russia and North Korea. The ASEAN member states, which do dealing with the traditional THE JAPAN- report acknowledges the not want to lose their flexibility military challenges in the East US ALLIANCE correlation between economics, and/or to be forced to take and South China Sea and the AND INDIA’S governance and security, but sides with either the Indo- so-called ‘non-traditional’ EMPHASIS ON ITS STRATEGIC is basically in line with the US Pacific initiatives of the West maritime security challenges AUTONOMY National Security Strategy and or China’s BRI. In fact, Tokyo notably in the Bay of Bengal, the National Defense Strategy will be more vulnerable to the with the growing importance issued earlier by the Trump pressure from Washington than of protecting the sea lanes administration, which portrays New Delhi as it has little room to of communication from the China as a revisionist power. In manoeuvre outside of the Japan- Middle East to the Pacific in addition, the US Department of US alliance framework. In any order to strengthen regional State released its Indo-Pacific case, India’s FOIIP and Japan’s connectivity. However, the initiative in November 2019, FOIP would lose legitimacy MSDF lacks the manpower and emphasizing the importance of if they are transformed into the number of equipment as a “shared vision” rather than security-oriented initiatives. well as the necessary overseas that of inclusivity, suggesting Finally, India and Japan do logistic strongholds that are that the initiative is primarily not have either the will or the necessary to carry out its in harmony with the basic sufficient power projection operations in the Indian Ocean confrontational approach of capabilities to back up their including the Bay of Bengal. the Trump administration. development-driven Indo- As a result, India’s Andaman Accordingly, if the US decides Pacific initiatives by security and Nicobar Islands (ANIs), to maintain or even raise the measures in order to ensure which are located northwest of the maritime chokepoint Warships display during at the Strait of Malacca, have Indo-Japan naval exercise increasingly become areas of strategic significance for Japan, as the archipelago, together with the US base in Diego Garcia, has the potential to become one of the key strongholds for Tokyo in the near future. Acknowledging the increasing value of the islands, New Delhi and Tokyo have initiated talks in February 2016 over a plan, albeit modest, to boost the civilian infrastructure by building diesel power plants on the South Andaman Island. In July 2018, India’s Bharat Sanchar and Japan’s NEC Technologies

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India and Japan need to seek ShinMaywa US-2 more cooperative and well- balanced development-driven initiatives. In doing so, the two countries have to highlight the common grounds and differences of the various other versions of the Indo-Pacific initiatives such as the versions announced by the US, Australia, ASEAN, Republic of Korea and France, so that countries, both donor and recipient, would be able to overcome the misunderstandings and misperceptions that have been, in part, the obstacles in uniting in their pursuit of developing a more peaceful and stable Indo- Pacific. India and Japan also need to provide recipient countries with alternatives. Furthermore, MEANWHILE, India (NECTI) announced that converted into dual-use military New Delhi and Tokyo need to BOTH INDIA they have planned to build functions or become strategic ensure that their initiatives AND JAPAN a 2,300 km submarine cable strong points. Development remain development-driven, HAVE BEEN VERY that would connect India’s efforts in the ANIs, therefore, and not be forced to transform CAREFUL NOT TO east coast city of Chennai with need careful consideration to into a more security-oriented BE PERCEIVED the ANIs. Further, cooperation prevent China from further initiative. Last but not least, it AS CONTAINING may be expected in other areas taking such actions. is imperative that New Delhi OR TARGETING such as port development. Given these various and Tokyo commit themselves ANY PARTICULAR COUNTRY However, bilateral efforts challenges, both New Delhi to function as influential ‘middle INCLUDING in developing the ANIs, and Tokyo would need to strike powers’ so that they can impact, CHINA, especially at a large scale, a delicate balance between if not ameliorate, the relationship AND HAVE would most likely antagonize their security policies and their between Washington and Beijing EMPHASIZED China, instigating Beijing to respective development-driven in avoiding potential threats from THAT THEIR take countermeasures. These Indo-Pacific initiatives with the becoming real threats. This would DEVELOPMENT- include converting economic following considerations. First, require both India and Japan to DRIVEN stakes into military bases or their respective Indo-Pacific tread on a fine line in mitigating INDO-PACIFIC other strategic outposts in initiatives need to remain the differences between the INITIATIVES the Bay of Bengal, such as Sri inclusive. The two countries United States and China. In sum, REMAIN Lanka’s Hambantota port and will have to maintain ASEAN despite the challenges, it is only INCLUSIVE IN FEAR OF Myanmar’s Kyaukpyu port. centrality at the core of their by striking a better balance AGGRAVATING According to the 2019 US initiatives, and, at the same between India-Japan security THEIR Report to Congress, Beijing’s time, be more engaged in cooperation and their respective RESPECTIVE overseas assistance through its Beijing’s BRI to ensure that Indo-Pacific initiatives that would RELATIONSHIPS BRI is ‘the clearest organizing the project’s infrastructure enable the ‘Special Strategic and WITH BEIJING concept behind the PLA’s be conducted based upon Global Partnership’ to become expanding overseas presence’. international standards and a truly substantive partnership In fact, Chinese state-owned rules and that it would not be that would contribute more companies, as of 2019, either used for military purposes in effectively to maintaining peace owned equity in or had an the future. Inclusively is critical and stability of the Indo-Pacific. operating lease in at least in strengthening the legitimacy – The author is a Senior Researcher, approximately seventy ports of the Indo-Pacific initiatives of Institute for National Strategic Studies outside of China, which could be New Delhi and Tokyo. Second, and a retired Colonel, GSDF - Japan

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US-INDIA DEFENCE TIES TO GAIN BELATED FILLIP WITH INDUSTRIAL SECURITY ANNEX The Industrial Security Annex (ISA) will help actualise the US-India Defence Technology and Trade Initiative (DTTI) and also translate into gains for Make in India initiative in defence sector

By KASHISH PARPIANI

he US and India recently concluded the second edition of 2+2 consultative UNDERSTANDING THE ministerial dialogue. Held between the chiefs of India and the United States’ defence and foreign ministries, the consultative platform stands INDUSTRIAL SECURITY ANNEX symptomatic of Washington and New Delhi gradually moving away from the erstwhile top-heavy approach of relying on personal chemistry Keeping with the precedent between respective heads of state. of pursuing strategic avenues T regardless of turbulence on the trade front, the dialogue bore a Moreover, bereft of frictions that 2019, External Affairs Minister Dr significant – and highly belated, have come to plague the US-India S Jaishankar and Defence Minister development with regard to trade dynamics, platforms like Rajnath Singh convened with US-India defence ties. The two the US-India 2+2 dialogues have their American counterparts – countries signed the Industrial helped insulate bilateral strategic Secretary of State Mike Pompeo Security Annex (ISA). As per ties. For instance, at the inaugural and Secretary of Defence Mark the joint statement issued at edition of the dialogue in 2018, Esper, in Washington DC. This time the US-India 2+2 dialogue, even as the Ministry of Commerce, around, the meeting took place in the ISA seeks to “facilitate India and the Office of the United the midst of escalated US-India the exchange of classified States Trade Representative were trade tensions, with Washington military information between locked in contentious trade talks, revoking India’s benefits under the Indian and the US defence the US and India inked the second Generalized System of Preferences industries.” The signing of this of three foundational defence (GSP) programme and New Delhi annex was long time in the interoperability agreements. having imposed retaliatory tariffs making, as either sides had At the second edition of the in the face of US tariffs on steel and expressed “their readiness to consultative dialogue in December aluminium imports. begin negotiations” on inking

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The implementation of the ISA stands as a crucial precursor to the complete actualisation of the US-India Defence Technology and Trade Initiative. Set up in 2015 under the Barack Obama administration, the US-India DTTI aims to take bilateral defence ties away from a traditional buyer-seller dynamics to the one based on co- production and co-development. However, over the years due to little progress on avenues like the ISA, the DTTI had translated into limited gains for the bilateral ISA SEEKS TO defence ties. “FACILITATE THE EXCHANGE OF CLASSIFIED LIMITED GAINS UNDER THE MILITARY US-INDIA DTTI INFORMATION BETWEEN INDIAN AND A result of the close working THE US DEFENCE dynamics between then US INDUSTRIES.” Secretary of Defense Ashton THE SIGNING Former Indian Defence and External Affairs Carter and Indian Minister of OF THIS ANNEX Minister Nirmala Sitharaman and Sushma Swaraj Defence Manohar Parrikar, the WAS LONG TIME with their the then US counterparts DTTI sought to bear benefits for IN THE MAKING, either nations’ defence sectors. AS EITHER SIDES For instance, the push under DTTI HAD EXPRESSED for collaborative projects would “THEIR READINESS entail the transfer of cutting-edge TO BEGIN US technology to India, and its NEGOTIATIONS” integration into global production ON INKING THE supply chains. For the United ISA EVEN AT THE States, the same would spur the INAUGURAL 2+2 expansion and diversification of DIALOGUE IN supply and labour chains, and 2018 most importantly, offer the perfect inlet into a lucrative arms market – as India continues to be one of largest importers of arms in the world. Under the DTTI, the US and India launched seven joint working groups to explore collaborative projects on aircraft US President Donald Trump with his predecessor Barack Obama carriers; jet engines; intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance; the ISA even at the inaugural of Indian and American public and chemical-biological protection; 2+2 dialogue in 2018. private entities. Most crucially, the naval systems; air systems; Next Essentially, the ISA permits ISA institutes safeguards “to ensure Generation Protective Ensembles; the transfer of advanced defence that the [shared] information and Mobile Hybrid Power Sources. technology across the cross-section is protected under Indian law.” In October 2019, however, during

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 35 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA DEFENCE COOPERATION

SET UP IN 2015 a visit to New Delhi by Ellen Systems Limited (TASL) and projects are essentially “offset UNDER OBAMA Lord – the US Undersecretary Lockheed Martin currently employ obligations”, towards India’s ADMINISTRATION, of Defense for Acquisition and about 500 locals to produce two formal acquisition and induction THE US-INDIA Sustainment, the two countries dozen aircraft empennages every of US arms platforms like the DTTI AIMS TO announced the suspension of year. In Hyderabad, TASL and C-130J Super Hercules transport TAKE BILATERAL the project aimed at sharing Boeing employ around 350 skilled aircraft, the Apache AH-64E multi- DEFENCE TIES AWAY FROM A technology for building fighter jet workers towards the production role combat helicopters, and the TRADITIONAL engines on account of “a challenge of helicopter fuselages. Boeing has Chinook CH- 47F (I) heavy lift BUYER-SELLER in terms of US export controls.” also strengthened its supply chain tandem rotor helicopter. DYNAMICS TO THE Instead, recognising that DTTI has with around 160 Indian partners, ONE BASED ON been “an ongoing process”, both towards supporting sub-assembly CROSSING THE RUBICON ON CO-PRODUCTION sides announced that they were production of aft pylon and cargo AND CO- “now poised to actually achieve ramp components of heavy-lift BILATERAL DEFENCE TIES DEVELOPMENT. tangible outcomes.” Thus, ahead helicopters. HOWEVER, OVER of the 2+2 dialogue, the countries However, these co-production The US-India relationship is THE YEARS DUE TO dynamic. Bilateral trade peaked at LITTLE PROGRESS USD 142.6 billion in 2018. The US ON AVENUES LIKE THE ISA, THE DTTI is India’s second-largest supplier of HAD TRANSLATED arms. Indian armed forces exercise INTO LIMITED more with American forces than GAINS FOR with any other military in the world. THE BILATERAL And lastly, the US-India dynamics is DEFENCE TIES underpinned with a robust (nearly four million people-strong) Indian American community. Bereft of any formal arrangements – either a free trade agreement or a security alliance treaty, the underscored developments reflect the uniqueness of the US- India relationship – driven by convergent interests and shared values. The same, however, also has its downsides. For instance, the recent hiccups in US-India ties – either on trade with US Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and EAM Dr S Jaishankar with his US counterparts concerns on Indian market access

signed a ‘Statement of Intent’ and characterised “deliverables in the near, medium and long terms” – including platforms for drone warfare, light weight arms and networked systems. Even before the recent signing of the ISA – which as mentioned serves as a primary precursor among other Congressional clearances for ensuring the safe transfer of sensitive defence technologies -- some supplementary projects had furthered the spirit of the DTTI. For instance, Tata Advanced Apache AH-64E

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ON DEFENCE TIES, THE 2+2 CONSULTATIVE DIALOGUE WOULD NOT ONLY MEAN MOVING AWAY FROM A SIMPLE ‘BUYER-SELLER’ barriers or even the US’ attempt DYNAMICS – AS to seek Indian policy congruence THE US-INDIA towards Iran or Russia through DTTI RIGHTLY coercive means (like economic ENVISIONS, sanctions) – have also stemmed BUT ALSO from the lack of an institutionalised CULTIVATING framework informing bilateral REAL ‘SKIN IN ties. Compounding this lack of a THE GAME’ – IN TERMS OF formalised structure is the degree of FORTUNES FOR transactionalism which the Trump THE INDIAN administration has increasingly AND AMERICAN turned into a normative feature of PEOPLE. contemporary US foreign policy. In then navigating challenges (Above) Chinook CH-47F; (Below) C-130J Super Hercules – either structural (or due to lack thereof) or temporospatial ones but also cultivating real ‘skin in the Unfortunately, however, according emanating from the dispensation game’ – in terms of fortunes for the to recent reports, ‘Make in India’ of the day – the dynamics requires Indian and American people. The projects in the defence sector champions for US-India bilateral offset obligations being catered to “worth over Rs 3.5 lakh crore” are ties on multiple levels. As discussed, by the joint facilities by TASL, for either “stuck or still meandering the 2+2 consultative dialogue is a instance, with American defence through different stages, without prominent example of the US- manufacturers like Lockheed the final contracts to launch India bilateral trajectory moving Martin and Boeing are the ideal production being inked.” away from overtly depending avenues that require scaling up. Therefore, the US and India on top-level leaders’ personal As mentioned, although those signing the ISA at this critical point chemistry to compartmentalise current projects are cultivating in time is set to accord a belated and delegate on multiple levels local jobs and connecting Indian fillip to not only the US-India DTTI along the political leadership. subcontractors to global giants but also to ‘Make in India’ initiative On defence ties, the same would in the defence sector, the gains in defence sector. not only mean moving away from a are minimal as compared to the - The author is Research Fellow at simple ‘buyer-seller’ dynamics – as goals envisioned by ‘Make in Observer Research Foundation (ORF), the US-India DTTI rightly envisions, India’ and ‘Skill India’ missions. Mumbai.

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 37 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA INCREASE IN ARMS SALES BY 100 LARGEST COMPANIES IN 2018: A SIPRI REPORT The attempt by United States and Russia along with the regional blocs (group of countries in the region) to bring consensus on non- expansion of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) while working under peace policies of the United Nations hasn’t been effective as perceived. A recently released SIPRI report says, there is a substantial increase in arms sales and military services in 2018 by the 100 largest companies (excluding those in China) compared to previous year. S IPRI REPORT HIGHLIGHTS:

Three Indian arms companies also Russia’s largest arms producer, Almaz-Antey, figured among top 100 companies was the only Russian company ranked in the which accounted for combined top 10 (at 9th position) and accounted for 27% arms sales of $5.9 billion in 2018—a of the total arms sales of Russian companies in decrease of 6.9% of the revenue the Top 100. Almaz-Antey’s arms sales rose by in 2017. The decline is mainly a 18% in 2018 to $9.6 billion. result of Indian Ordnance Factory’s significant 27% drop in arms sales.

Combined arms sales ($36.2 billion) of the tenRussian companies in 2018 witnessed a marginal decrease of 0.4% on 2017. However, the trends were mixed among Arms and military the tenRussian companies listed in the Top 100, with services sales in 2018 five companies recording an increase in arms sales, touched $420 billion. while the other five showed a decrease.

The arms sales and military BAE Systems (ranked 6th) is the services in 2018 compared world’s largest arms producer to previous year witnessed outside of the US. However, its an increase of 4.6per cent. arms sales dropped by 5.2per cent in 2018 to $21.2 billion.

French companies contributed to an For the first time since 2002, the top five increase in arms sales spots in the ranking are held exclusively but British and German by arms companies based in the United States: Lockheed Martin, counterpartsshowed a Since 2002, the sales Boeing, Northrop Grumman, Raytheon and General Dynamics. decreasing trend. The US-based top five alone accounted for $148 billion and 35 per of arms and military centof total top 100 arms sales in 2018. services by companies A major chunk of arms producers in listed in the Top 100 2018 (80 out of top 100) were based Total arms sales of US companies in in the US, Europe and Russia. Of the have increased by the ranking amounted to $246 billion, remaining twenty, six were based in equivalent to 59per centof all arms Japan, three in Isræl, India and South 47%. sales by the top 100, an increase of Korea respectively, two in Turkey and 7.2per cent compared with 2017. one each in Australia, Canada and Singapore. Almaz-Antey continued its arms The arms sales of $8.7 billion sales growthin by three Isræli companies’ 2018; courtesy accounted for 2.1per cent of strong domestic the total top 100 sales. Elbit Systems, demand and Isræl Aerospace Industries and Rafæl all continued growth increased their arms sales in 2018. in sales to other countries (S-400 air defence system in particular).

The combined arms sales ($9.9 A key development in the US arms billion) of the six Japanese companies industry in 2018 was the growing remained relatively stable in 2018 and trend in consolidations among some accounted for 2.4%per cent share of of the largest arms producers. Northrop Grumman the total top 100 sales. and General Dynamics made multibillion-dollar acquisitions in 2018.

The increase in sales Arms sales by Turkish companies was dominated listed in the top 100 increased by the 100 largest by 2per cent in 2018, to $2.8 companies (excluding billion. Turkey aims to develop and those in China). It modernise its arms industry and included the big five itscompanies continued to benefit of the US. from these efforts in 2018. Source: SIPRI 38 www.raksha-anirveda.com BUSINESS INITIATIVE www.raksha-anirveda.com

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RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 39 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA MUSINGS FROM RUSSIA WHAT IS HOLDING RUSSIA’S MAKE IN INDIA SPREE? It’s imperative for both Russia and India to reinvent their defence cooperation amid changing geopolitical scenario and explore new avenues to strengthen it and meet the future requirements of each other mutually.

By VINAY SHUKLA

ith the announcement of Make in India policy by the newly elected However, due to various political, government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi in May 2014, Russia was changing strategic perceptions one of the first countries to positively react and had expected to actively and financial considerations it participate in various projects along the line of BrahMos JV (Joint Venture), takes too long to implement the accepted as the role model for the defence cooperation extending beyond projects even agreed upon at the “buyer-seller” relationship in arms trade. Several officials of the the highest political level as the Russian military industrial complex (MIC) had pointed at Moscow’s rich bureaucracies in both countries experience in cooperation with New Delhi in making cutting-edge defence run at their own pace. platforms for decades including MiG-21, MiG-27, Sukhoi Su-30MKI fighters, During his New Delhi visit for the W BMP armoured personnel carriers and T-90S main battle tanks (MBT). annual summit in December 2014, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced his country’s readiness to manufacture Kamov Ka-226T multi-role utility helicopters for the Indian Armed Forces through a joint venture along the lines of BrahMos Aerospace. An inter-governmental agreement (IGA) on supply of 200 Ka-226T helicopters to replace ageing fleet of Chetaks and Cheetahs was signed on December 24, 2015 during Prime Minister Modi’s Moscow visit for the Kremlin summit. Russia was to supply 60 helicopters in flyaway condition and 140 rotorcraft were to be built in India through a JV between Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Russian Helicopters and Rosoboronexport. At Goa summit in October 2016 in the presence of PM Modi and President Putin, the three entities signed an agreement to setup a joint venture, which as private limited company was

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Sukhoi Su-30MKI

Ka-226T

the signing of a firm agreement for purchasing 140 helicopters despite providing all information. “We can’t understand the reasons for the delay,” Mr Boginsky was Kalashnikov gun quoted as saying by the Russian media covering Dubai Airshow in registered with HQ in Bangalore are reported to be ready to involve November last. on May 2, 2017. The capital of the Indian private and public sector Some Russian defence industry joint venture is estimated to be companies in the supply chain for observers are inclined to believe at Rs 30 crore, with HAL holding Ka-226T choppers, but till date the that Mr Boginsky’s wading into shares up to 50.5 per cent, 42.5 Defence Ministry has not placed the Indian Navy’s tender for 111 WITH THE per cent of shares will be held the firm order and opened the light utility helicopters might have ANNOUNCEMENT OF MAKE IN Russian Helicopters and the rest by financing of 40 helicopters to be complicated the issue. He gave the INDIA POLICY Rosoboronexport. It is noteworthy supplied in flyaway condition. To argument that once the JV would BY THE NEWLY that both Russian Helicopters meet the 70 per cent localisation already be making them in India ELECTED and Rosoboronexport are part target at the earliest Russian in partnership with HAL there GOVERNMENT of the Rostec State Corporation Helicopters signed memorandum was no need to look anywhere. OF PRIME controlled by the Government of of understanding with Indian Probably, the Indian Navy might MINISTER Russian Federation. Five years companies for the production be considering another helicopter NARENDRA after the initial offer nothing much of assemblies components for for its stable. MODI IN MAY has happened on the ground even the Ka-226Ts in India. The MoU Later, the CEO of Rosoboron- 2014, RUSSIA as Russian Helicopters have added was signed with India’s Elcom, export Mr Mikheev, who on WAS ONE OF a new assembly line for Ka-226T Valdel Advanced Technologies, November 6, 2019 was present THE FIRST COUNTRIES choppers at its plant in Ulan-Ude in Dynamatic Technologies, at the annual (19th) India-Russia TO POSITIVELY Buryat Republic in Siberia. Sources Integrated Helicopter Services and Inter-Governmental Commission REACT AND say that initial delay was caused Bharat Forge, for components such on Military and Military Technical EXPECTED due to India’s desire to reduce the as fuselage, blades, onboard radio Cooperation session co-chaired TO ACTIVELY number of flyaway machines to 40 station and landing gear. by Defence Minister Rajnath PARTICIPATE instead of 60 and increasing the In a rare demarche by a Russian Singh and his Russian counterpart IN VARIOUS share of indigenous components arms exporter, on the sidelines of General Sergei Shoigu, declared PROJECTS through high level of localisation Dubai Airshow CEO of Russian that Ka-226T helicopter deal will ALONG THE LINE from the very beginning. Helicopters Andrei Boginsky be signed in May, 2020 (in new OF BRAHMOS However, Russian Helicopters declared that India was delaying financial year).

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IN HIS YEAR- During his Vladivostok large companies like Adani group OEMs are scared of entering into END MEETING visit in September last, Prime and Mahindra Aerospace, as manufacturing in India as New IN DECEMBER Minister Narendra Modi urged well as a host of micro, small Delhi has already walked out of two WITH THE Russia to setup an industrial park and medium enterprises that inter-government agreements for TOP DEFENCE in India for the production of manufacture defence and the joint production of multi-role INDUSTRIES spares and components for the aerospace components. Defence transport aircraft (MTA) and fifth OFFICIALS PRESIDENT military platforms. As a follow Secretary Ajay Kumar told the generation fighter aircraft (FGFA). PUTIN up representatives of 52 Indian gathering to target setting up 50 There are two main fears UNDERSCORED defence firms, looking to tie up Indo-Russian joint ventures in the holding the Russian defence OEMs THAT WITHOUT deals with Russian OEMs had next four-to-five years for building from setting shop in India, besides STREAMLINED gone to Moscow for the bilateral spares and components in India. their own internal regulations and SYSTEM OF MRO military-industrial conference on However, for many reasons arms control regime. AND SPARES November 5 that was presided over based on past experience and n How safe are their investments SUPPLY THEY by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh allegedly ongoing “information in India (negative experience CANNOT HOPE and Russian Minister for Industry war” with the aim to oust Russia of Sistema when its MTS brand TO BOOST ARMS and Trade Mr Denis Manturov. from the Indian arms bazaar, mobile services went off the air due EXPORTS The Indian delegation included the new smaller but crucial to Supreme Court order regarding review of GSM spectrum fees, although they were operating in CDMA spectrum)? n Guaranteed purchase of their products by the armed forces as new rules and regulations could turn them into loss-running enterprises. n Choice of reliable strategic partner. In 2015, as part of the business delegation accompanying PM Modi, Reliance Group Chairman Anil Ambani had visited Moscow to discuss Ka-226T helicopter JV and BMP-II Tank other opportunities of interaction

A helicopter assembly line at Ulan Ude, Russia

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with the Russian defence OEMs. T-90 Bhisma However, the Russians were apprehensive of financial stability and chose HAL as JV partner. n In spite of the corporatisation of Soviet era, defence industry the private shareholders still favour an Indian state controlled entities as their strategic partner. The Indo Russian Rifles Private Limited (IRRPL) at Korwa in Uttar Pradesh for production of AK 203 assault rifles is such an example. This is also an example how an understanding reached between the top political leadership of the of signing the multi-billion dollar IN HIS YEAR- S-400 deal for the purchase of five END MEETING squadrons of advanced air defence IN DECEMBER system the first problem was of WITH THE payment of advance money in US TOP DEFENCE dollars to Rosoboronexport as it INDUSTRIES is in the sanctions list along with OFFICIALS the S-400 manufacturer Almaz- PRESIDENT PUTIN Antei. The two countries claim to UNDERSCORED have resolved the issue by using IAF MiG-21 THAT WITHOUT national currencies. The volatility STREAMLINED of Indian rupee, however, can and SYSTEM OF MRO two countries can speed up the of spares and after sales service of is already posing problems in AND SPARES projects for the armed forces. In less Russian equipment. In his year- closing many pending projects, SUPPLY THEY than a month after signing of IGA end meeting in December with the including acquisition of 48 Mi- CANNOT HOPE in February 2019, Prime Minister top defence industries officials, 17-V-5 transport helicopters, TO BOOST ARMS Narendra Modi dedicated it to the President Putin underscored that four Admiral Grigarovich class EXPORTS nation on March 3, 2019. It is a without streamlined system of MRO (advanced Talwar class) stealth joint venture between Ordnance and spares supply they cannot hope frigates involving technology Factories Board (OFB) on the to boost arms exports. According transfer. Indian side and Rosoboronexport to sources, Prime Minister Dmitry Russian experts believe that plus Concern Kalashnikov on Medvedev has ordered to draft a the main reason of walking out the Russian side. The OFB owns report on what military production of the FGFA agreement was New 50.5 per cent equity and Russian could be relocated to other Delhi’s fear of CAATSA sanctions. side the remaining 49.5 per cent. countries without any risk for the Privately speaking to this author Serving Major General Sanjeev Russian security. several Indian officials privy to Senger of the Indian Army has defence cooperation with Russia been appointed CEO of the JV LONG SHADOW OF US CAATSA conceded that for some time New which is in process of filing its Delhi could balance its ties with response to the RfP floated by ON INDIA – RUSSIA DEFENCE Washington by ordering expensive the Ministry of Defence (MoD) TRADE hardware. But it will leave it high for supply of 6.71 lakh rifles. The and dry, as Russia still is and will rifles’ JV also has plans to export Although Russia claims that it remain source of cutting-edge its produce to “friendly” countries. is not afraid of US Countering defence technologies like nuclear On its part, Russia is now well America’s Adversaries Through submarines and much more that aware about the problems faced Sanctions Act (CAATSA) against is not visible on the surface. by the Indian and other foreign it, but both Moscow and New - The author is a Moscow-based armies with regards to availability Delhi are feeling its heat. In spite independent analyst. Views are personal.

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 43 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA DIFFERENT STROKE

Prime Minister Narendra Modi with his Israeli counterpart Benjamin Netanyahu ISRAEL’S MAKE WITH INDIA STRATEGY With the strengthening of their bilateral ties, the time is ripe for India to harness the technological expertise from Israel to modernise the indigenous defence industry

By P R KUMARASWAMY Then their engagements moved to Indian procurement of small arms, ammunition, fast patrol y reinventing itself to changing situations, Israel has emerged as a boats, radars, unmanned aerial critical player in the Make in India campaign of the government in the vehicles (UAVs), and eventually defence sector. Since the normalisation of relations in 1992, military- AWACS. Following the visit of security cooperation has been a pivot to the bilateral ties. One could the then Home Minister L K notice a gradual shift and maturity in defence relations. Initially, it Advani to Israel in the summer revolved around the upgrading of Soviet inventories such as MiGs in of 2000, border management B the wake of the sudden disintegration and disappearance of the USSR was added to cooperation and the resultant supply-chain disruption. in intelligence sharing and counter-terrorism cooperation.

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Over the years, both countries technological superiority. have been cooperating in space Moreover, security concerns and satellite areas along with also inhibit Israel from sharing missile defence. the latest innovations as it does The growing Indian market not wish to confront its own and limited Israeli production technologies by imprudent capabilities compelled both sales. For example, during the countries to revisit their visit of Prime Minister Ariel business model. The wholesale Sharon in September 2003, capital acquisition is not only Israel flagged its concerns that costlier but also limits and slows its military supplies to India down defence modernisation. should not be inadvertently At the same time, indigenous shared with its adversaries technological innovations have like Iran. been slower, inadequate, and At the same time, WITHOUT often frustrating. It was in collaborating with the SHARING this context, Make in India Make in India campaign is TECHNOLOGIES, became the buzzword in the critical for Israel. Without ISRAEL WILL defence sector. sharing technologies, Israel NOT BE ABLE TO CAPITALISE Technology transfer is the will not be able to capitalise ON THE critical component of the arms on the burgeoning Indian BURGEONING trade, but arms-producing market, especially when the INDIAN MARKET, states are not keen to share Indian government seeks to ESPECIALLY technology. For security as well minimise its defence outlays WHEN THE as commercial considerations, through joint ventures, local INDIAN they prefer to transfer production facilities, and GOVERNMENT either obsolete or earlier more significant indigenous SEEKS TO generation technologies. This content in procurement. In MINIMISE is more pertinent for Israel short, the outright purchase ITS DEFENCE as its qualitative edge over of defence equipment is either OUTLAYS THROUGH JOINT its adversaries, rests on its discouraged or is shrinking. VENTURES, Furthermore, Israel lacks LOCAL the capacity of scale to meet PRODUCTION the Indian demands, and this FACILITIES, could be circumvented through AND MORE joint ventures with Indian SIGNIFICANT companies, private and public INDIGENOUS sector ones. Moreover, this CONTENT IN measure also facilitates greater PROCUREMENT access to the Indian market as the Israeli companies would be competing not as a global player but as partners of the domestic defence industries. One can cite the Kalyani Rafael Advanced Systems Ltd, the first private sector missile production facility, which was established in Hyderabad in August 2017. Two years later, it secured a $100-million order from Rafael of Israel to supply 1,000 Barak-8 MRSAM missile kits for the Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh with his Israeli counterpart Army and Air Force.

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From the Israeli side, Rafael, Israel Aerospace Industries, Israel Weapons Industries are the prime partners. In most cases, the Israeli participation is substantial and is closer to 50 percent. The areas of cooperation include advanced weapon sights, small arms, land systems including artillery and mortars, unmanned aerial vehicles, electronic and electro-optical systems, parts of assault rifles, A contract signing Galil sniper rifles, Negev light ceremony between machine guns, etc. Bharat Forge and Rafael Defence Though public sector companies such as HAL have been producing or upgrading Soviet inventories IWI Carmel under license, the current phase is part of the larger Indian aspiration to be self-sufficient in the military and to emerge as a possible weapons supplier. The Israeli partners not only enjoy a technological edge over the Indian counterparts, but much of their inventories and technologies are also battle-tested. They can be adapted to Indian demands and battlefield conditions. The products can also be tested in Indian terrains and can be easily modified with relative ease. If handled well, joint defence ventures could enhance the threshold of Indian defence industries and increase their technological competence, which in turn will have a spill over effect THOUGH PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKING AND DRDO companies ‘to make more in in the non-defence sectors. India with our companies.’ When he became the first and, ARE INVOLVED IN JOINT VENTURES, THE RAPID Though public sector so far, the only Defence Minister ENTRY OF PRIVATE PLAYERS SHOULD ACCELERATE undertaking and DRDO are to visit India in February 2015, THE INDO-ISRAELI DEFENCE COOPERATION. IN involved in joint ventures, the Moshe Yaalon observed: “We are RECENT YEARS, BOTH HAVE ENTERED INTO SEVERAL rapid entry of private players willing to share our techniques, should accelerate the Indo- our technologies, our know- JOINT VENTURES IN THE DEFENCE SECTOR Israeli defence cooperation. In how with India”, and this is recent years, both have entered being carried through growing During the visit of Prime into several joint ventures number of joint ventures Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in the defence sector. These between Indian and Israel to India in January 2018, both include defence and technology defence companies. countries signed an MoU branches of leading Indian to promote cybersecurity conglomerates like Bharat – The author teaches Israeli politics and cooperation. For his part, Prime Dynamics, Tata, Mahindra, security in Jawaharlal Nehru University, Minister Modi invited Israeli Punj Lloyd, Kalyani, Adani, etc. New Delhi.

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RAKSHA A NIR VEDA SPOTLIGHT

Prime Minister Narendra Modi on-board INS Vikramaditya

INDIAN NAVY’S BUDGET CRUNCH Keeping China and Pakistan in mind, the Indian Navy requires a larger budget in 2020 to continue to rise to the need to become as strong as to fulﬁll its role in the Indo-Paciﬁc and support freedom of navigation with FNOP operations

By CMDE RANJIT B RAI (RETD) Warships were ordered in UK, including INS Vikrant with Sea oyal Indian Navy’s (RIN) DNA was nurtured by the Royal Navy during the Hawk fighters and French Breguet World War II, the RIN came of age with successes in that war (1939-44) and Alize ASW carrier borne planes. expanded to 22 sloops and minesweepers with a strength of 25,000 officers The Navy realised the need for and ratings. When India became a Republic in 1950 the Royal Indian Navy maritime power for India’s future became Indian Navy (IN), and inherited a large naval plan for expansion under when Britain exited from the east, R Lord Louis Mountbatten’s directions, which included three aircraft carriers. and that it would have to help itself to build warships in India.

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auxiliaries and two HDW-1500 off Kochi and said, “I am sure you ON OCTOBER submarines in Indian Yards and the can feel a difference, and not just 23, 1968 PRIME Weapons Electronics Engineering because of Indian Navy’s hospitality MINISTER Systems Establishment (WEESE) but Kochi is at the head of the INDIRA GANDHI supported upgrades and technical Indian Ocean and at the crossroads APPLIED ‘KUM inputs. By the 1990’s Indian Navy of our maritime history. India’s KUM’ ON NILGIRI’S STERN earned the sobriquet of becoming history has been influenced by the AND LAUNCHED a ‘Builder’s Navy’. The 6,700 seas. And, the passage to our future HER AT MDL, tonne large Type 15A destroyers prosperity and security also lies AND ON JUNE commissioned at MDL can compare on this Ocean. It also holds the key 3, 1972 SHE as world class with selection of to the fortunes of the world. This COMMISSIONED weapons and systems on board aircraft carrier is the instrument of NILGIRI INTO which include eight supersonic our maritime power and a symbol THE INDIAN BrahMos and 36 Barak 8 missiles. of our maritime responsibility”. NAVY. NILGIRI’S The rise of the Indian Navy in This amply demonstrated the EXECUTION AND qualitative and quantitative terms Government’s intent to give greater DESIGN AND and in its indigenous HUMSA emphasis to the expansion and IMPROVEMENTS BECAME THE family of panoramic sonars and role of the 65,000 strong Indian BENCHMARK Command and Control fits in ships Navy, currently dwarfed by the AND TEMPLATE with DRDO and Bharat Electronics 1.2 million strong Indian Army and FOR ALL THE has seen landmark developments 1,35,000 strong Air Force and their FRIGATES AND for India as a maritime power budgets. SHIPS THAT over the last two decades though FOLLOWED budgets for the Navy have waxed PHOTO OF INDIAN OCEAN and waned. Indian Navy currently faces a fund crunch to place any UPSIDE DOWN new orders. On December 22, 2015 Prime Prime Minister Narendra Modi also Minister Narendra Modi chaired realised the need for co-operation the Combined Commanders in the IOR for maritime stability. Conference on board Navy’s On March 12, 2016 at Port Louis 43,500 tonne aircraft carrier INS in Mauritius, he articulated India’s Vikramaditya (Gorshkov) at sea approach on the maritime order for

The story of building the first of the six modern 3,000 tonne Leanders, INS Nilgiri, in Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd (MDL) in Mumbai needs to be recalled before it is forgotten. On October 23, 1968 Prime Minister Indira Gandhi applied ‘Kum Kum’ on Nilgiri’s stern and launched her at MDL, and on June 3, 1972 she commissioned Nilgiri into the Indian Navy. Nilgiri’s execution and design and improvements became the benchmark and template for all the frigates and ships that followed. Since then Indian Navy did not look back and the Naval Design Directorate (NDD) designed INS Vikrant and built over 90 warships and

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 49 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA SPOTLIGHT

planes by 2027 which has slipped badly. To keep pace the Indian Navy will need a healthier share of the defence budget in the future as in 2018-19 it was Rs 40,4195 ($6.5 billion) crores which was around 13 per cent, compared to 22 per cent for the Indian Air Force and 52 per cent for Indian Army. Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Karambir Singh lamented that the current Navy budget stood at 13 per cent, which is reduced from the earlier budget of 18 per cent. In the period P75 (I) Project 2018-19 a total of 13 ships were decommissioned including missile A Warship under ships INS Nirbhik and INS Nirghat, P15A Project five minesweepers and INS Ranjit and INS Ganga. In 2018-19, the Navy was only able to commission the second Scorpene INS Khanderi on September 28, 2019 at MDL and four LCUs from Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Ltd (GRSE). The LCU can be deployed for multirole activities like beaching operations, humanitarian and disaster relief operations and evacuation from islands and are

the IOR with the acronym “SAGAR”- security with co-operation in his ONGOING/UN DER CONSTRUCTION MAJOR NAVAL PROJECTS Security and Growth for All in keynote speech at the Shangri-La  One 37,500 tonne STOBAR the Region. PM Modi stressed the Dialogue in 2018 in Singapore. For Aircraft Carrier Vikrant is need to safeguard India’s security this the Navy needs more support progressing at Cochin Shipyard and national interests while bases ashore and manpower than Ltd (CSL) and is slated for final pursuing economic cooperation and its 12,000 officers and 54,000 men sea, and aviation trials for MiG- strengthening maritime-security and platforms than its current 29Ks in 2021. “THE CURRENT capacities in the region, with 134 ships. This 134 includes one  One final of four ASW NAVY BUDGET collective action and cooperation aircraft carrier (INS Vikramaditya Corvettes, Kavaratti due to be STOOD AT 13 PER for peace and security. On Blue with MiG-29Ks and KA-13 AEW delivered in 2020 from GRSE. CENT, WHICH IS Ocean economy, PM Modi urged helicopters), 13 (many aging)  Four 7,000 tonne Type 15B REDUCED FROM IOR littoral states to cooperate to conventional and two new large BrahMos and Barak 8 THE EARLIER enhance development through a Scorpene submarines and two fitted missile and MF/Star BUDGET OF 18 climate of transparency, and respect Nuclear submarines, INS Chakra EL/N 2248 Elta radar fitted PER CENT OF THE for international maritime laws and on lease from Russia and home destroyers (delayed at MDL) TOTAL DEFENCE peaceful resolution of maritime built 6,500 INS Arihant with 750 with first Visakhapatnam OUTLAY” issues and act on climate change. km ranged K-15 nuclear tipped planned for sea trials. The CHIEF OF NAVAL Indian Navy’s canvas became missiles for nuclear deterrence in five-inch E-2 Caliber Mk 45 BAE STAFF ADMIRAL larger when PM Modi formally India’s Triad and 200 aircraft. gun system has recently been KARAMBIR SINGH embraced the Indo-Pacific as its The Navy’s target was to have selected From US. area of interest for peace and 167 modern platforms and 400

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based in the A&N Islands. The list of major platforms on order and under construction for India’s future Navy, cancellations and those approved by the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) is given in the box with comments, but the lament is, there have been delayed deliveries and cost overruns by the P-8I Shipyards. The reasons for this have not been seriously pursued. The Defence Acquisition Council seven Indian Navy trains over 800 Management and Analysis Centre has approved six Project 75I foreign personnel from navies and (IMAC) in Gurugram. (India) conventional submarines, has transferred ships, aircraft, In conclusion it must be stated four LPDs, eight Minesweepers, equipment and spares to several that China and Pakistan, who eight SSN submarines and three friendly countries and friendly individually and as partners of a training ships which are at various navies use Navy’s dockyards for nexus pose a threat to India; aiming stages of design and procurement. refitting their ships. Navy’s survey to undermine India’s security, With DAC’s recent clearance, ships are also deployed regularly impede its economic progress and two domestic shipyards MDL to other countries for carrying thwart its quest for major power and L&T have been shortlisted out hydrographic survey in their status. The Indian Navy will need a and now they will be choosing waters. The Indian Navy has taken larger budget in 2020 to continue from five foreign collaborators the initial steps to bolster Maritime to rise to the need to be strong to (Naval Group, TKMS, Navantia, Domain Awareness (MDA) in the fulfill its role in the Indo-Pacific and Rosoboronepxort (Rubin Design IOR by commissioning Coastal support Freedom of Navigation Bureau) and Daewoo Shipbuilding AIS stations, a Coastal Radar with FNOP operations. and Marine Engineering). Chain, a National Communication –The author is former DNI and DNO. The earlier replies to four LPDs Command and Control and His latest Novel ‘An Underhand Affair’ (Addhyan ISBN 9789388644167 and minesweepers was withdrawn, Intelligence (NC3I) network Variety Books) includes intrigues in the and three training ships at ABG and and setting up an Information world of Naval Intelligence ONGOING/UN DER CONSTRUCTION MAJOR NAVAL PROJECTS  Seven Type 17A BrahMos and been awarded by the Ministry of and Larsen & Toubro Ltd at the Barak fitted 6,000 tonne improved Defence (MoD) to shipbuilders Ship Building Centre (SBC) at Shivaliks are under construction, M/s CSL and GRSE for the design Visakhapatnam. four at MDL and three at GRSE, and construction, eight units each.  Four P-8I (India) maritime Kolkata. Deliveries scheduled to start from reconnaissance aircraft are set to  Four Type 6536.1 BrahMos filled October 2022. join the eight P-8I (India), already Krivacks. Two are building at Yantar  Four Scorpene submarines out of operating from INS. Six more P-8I Shipyard Kaliningrad in Russia and the total contract of six at MDL. The (India) and 24 multirole helicopters two at Goa Shipyard Ltd (GSL). fourth hull of Vela was launched, are planned to be inducted in the  Four 3300 tonne 110 m long but the selection of the torpedo for future. Two new squadrons INAS Survey Vessels fitted with latest the SUBTIC Command and Control 313, Navy’s fifth Dornier squadron survey under water and internet is pending and the old SUT-B held at Meenambakkam Chennai on connected survey systems in with the Navy are reported to be the July 22, 2019, and INAS 314 the building at GRSE Kolkata. Navy’s stop gap. sixth Dornier aircraft squadron role in surveying for nations in IOR  Second nuclear submarine INS was commissioned on November like Mauritius and Maldives has Arighat will join INS Arihant with 29, 2019 at the Naval Air Enclave, been of a high order. ability to fire eight 3000 km K-4 Porbandar. A facility to receive and  Sixteen 700 tonne ASW shallow nuclear tipped missiles, progressing operate P-8I (India) was set up at water craft. The contract has in the PPP between DRDO, Navy Santacruz in Mumbai.

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 51 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA STRAIGHT DRIVE GARNERING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR INDIAN ARMED FORCES The Indian armed forces must exploit the potential uses of AI to quickly and effectively enhance its technological capabilities. It needs to build a close working relationship with our IITs doing a lot of research in the AI space.

By LT GEN P R SHANKAR (RETD)

here is a lot of discussion and action on artificial intelligence and other to decision making. The human disruptive technologies and how they will impact warfare . The Chinese mind may not be replaceable in White Paper on defence at the very outset mentions that the application matters pertaining to defence and of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), quantum operational planning. However, information, big data, cloud computing and the Internet of Things is AI will be a great aid in decision gathering pace in the military field. Obviously, they are going to bet making since it has the great big on these subjects. ability of predictive thinking T and throwing up options to aid On 1 February 2019, USA sequentially, but parallelly. India activated an AI Task Force,a part with its talent pool and potential of the Army Futures Command. must get into the act otherwise The AI Task Force is to be based we might be fighting a battle in at Carnegie Mellon University. It a preconceived manner when aims to harness breakthroughs our adversaries are attacking us in AI and apply them to a range through different domain using of Army operations. These are the disruptive power of AI. So, let varied and ranging from talent us start from some basics. management in human resources, The last generation was that to predictive maintenance of of RMA – Revolution of Military equipment and extends to support affairs. With the arrival of AI, AR/ in projects related to Army’s six VR, robotics, big data analytics, modernization programmes. cyber technology and other The idea is to unsettle the US disruptive technologies, we have Army’s slow-moving status quo entered an era of Disruption in and make it move rapidly. The Military Affairs (DMA) . Central Task Force will be two-thirds to all these technologies is AI. uniformed and one-thirds civilian The graphic below explains the with agile teams to rapidly concept of DMA. develop prototypes, capabilities So, what is AI and what is and create a talent pool for the its role in military affairs? AI is future. Very clearly, AI is making all about machines mimicking an announcement of arrival on cognitive functions of the the battlefield through the ‘Big human mind such as learning Two’. The rest will follow; not and problem solving leading

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decision makers. Additionally, AI will be a built-in partner for REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS (RMA) robotics, Net centricity, AR, big data analysis, sensors and so on. As days pass, AI will expand its footprint in defence matters. DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES In any case, all autonomous weapon systems will have a great Internet of things (IOT), artificial intelligence (AI), space colonization, 3D amount of AI built into them. printing, high speed travel, robotics, blockchain technology, autonomous AI based change detection is vehicles, advanced virtual reality, renewable energy, propulsion technology, going to disrupt costly sensors. sensor technology, digital revolution, energy harnessing and direction, space Use of AI sensibly in functions platforms, navigational aids and new material technology related to intelligence, logistics, maintenance, administration and human resources management will facilitate better operations. Use of AI DISRUPTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS (DMA) in weapon design, modelling, testing and manufacture has great scope . The approach of the behavioural patterns, there must to do about it? Presently, the SECONDLY,THE US Army,as outlined above,is a be uninterrupted repetitive Indian armed forces are just ARMED FORCES clear indication as to where and input streams. Intelligence must discovering that AI has arrived. how AI is zooming into the force. be built into a machine through There is a clear realization that MUST HAVE A The major danger of AI is that painstaking iterative processes. we must tap into it and harness CLEAR ROAD the output is only as good as the If AI is here to enter and stay its potential. However, like all MAP OR AN input. Hence to develop sound on the battlefield, what are we other forms of modernization EVOLVING WISH logic and establish predictable doing about it and what are we of India armed forces, we are LIST AS TO waiting for something magical to WHAT SHOULD happen, and hoping that AI will somehow materialize since India BE MADE has great potential in building INTELLIGENT AI. If the way, the Army is going AND WHO IS TO about is any indication, AI will EXECUTE IT. IT take a long time coming. In order WILL SPAN ALL to induct AI into the Army, the SYSTEMS AND MCTE, MHOW has been given the responsibility of establishing an HENCE A MULTI- AI node with skeletal manpower. ARM APPROACH Accordingly, an AI node has been IS NEEDED established in MHOW within the precincts of a military barrack. In due course, it will produce very little results. If we seek AI in our systems, we must understand it a little better and expand our thinking and action horizons. This is not a punt on signals. They will do a good job as they can. However, they have their limitations. Knowledge of AI is resident in young minds and in educational institutions. They have very little knowledge about warfare,

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 53 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA STRAIGHT DRIVE

upgrade existing systems smart or are we looking at new and intelligent systems? Do we go for the small system route of go for the big bang? What will be role of DRDO in this? Will building and inculcation of AI be the sole responsibility of the services or will PSUs, OFB and defence industry also pitch in? There are other issues too. However, they can wait. As much as AI is going to enter the battlefield in a big way, there are some issues too. We should not aim to replace humans but be complimentary to him. AI systems require power and energy and the latter is always at a premium in the battle field. That must be thought through. It is also a costly field to enter. If imported, it will be prohibitively expensive. Even indigenous AI systems will be costly if we do not develop them well. If we AS MUCH AS AI IS GOING TO ENTER THE BATTLEFIELD should be made intelligent and think, AI will reduce manpower, IN A BIG WAY, THERE ARE SOME ISSUES TOO. WE who is to execute it. It will span we might be mistaken. Just like all systems and hence a multi- we thought once upon a time SHOULD NOT AIM TO REPLACE HUMANS BUT BE arm approach is needed. Putting that computer systems will COMPLIMENTARY TO HIM. AI SYSTEMS REQUIRE the onus on signals alone will reduce manpower and they POWER AND ENERGY AND THE LATTER IS ALWAYS AT A lead us nowhere. It must be did not. AI might not result in PREMIUM IN THE BATTLEFIELD centrally done at a higher level. reducing manpower. However, A multi-disciplinary approach if we approach AI with a view battlefields and weapons. must be adopted. The US model to fighting better, manage our Soldiers and professionals have is a good cue. After all they are equipment well and use our talent extensive knowledge about not fools to go and set up shop pool optimally, we will be ok. Do the latter but have very little in CMU when they have as good not expect great breakthroughs knowledge of AI. Hence, we schools of instruction as ours. initially. However, when the need to have a framework of Thirdly, inculcation of AI must be breakthrough occurs, it will be interaction for AI as well as budgeted. India’s armed forces dramatic. other related fields. Building have lagged modernization due Overall, AI is here to stay. It AI into a tool of war requires a to lack of budgets. Unless some will stay in all dimensions of the great amount of repetitive input investment is done, the startups battlefield and its impact will from the armed forces. The who are the vehicles for building expand. It is a partner to all other greater the input, the better will AI will fade. Fourthly, our related disruptive technologies. be the outcomes as mentioned procedures must be amended It is the future way of fighting. earlier. To this end we must to cater for a faster time loop We need to own technologies start a framework of working of procurement and induction. related to AI. If not, we will pay with our IITs. A framework Young people, innovators and a huge price–financially and has already been suggested startups do not have the stamina operationally. . Secondly,the armed forces to go through the DPP either in –The author is a retired Director General must have a clear road map or terms of time or finances. Fifthly, of Artillery, Indian Army and Professor of an evolving wish list as to what there must be a plan. Do we Aerospace Department, IIT Madras

54 www.raksha-anirveda.com , , Defence Electronics and beyond...

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Empowering the Nation’s Defence Forces RAKSHA A NIR VEDA INTERVIEW ‘PM’S VISION OF MAKE IN INDIA, THRUST ON GREATER INDIGENISATION IN DPP ENCOURAGED US TO PARTICIPATE IN DEFENCE MANUFACTURING’

bhyuday Jindal as Managing Director of Jindal Stainless (Hisar) Limited (JSHL) JSHL last year received a has been spearheading the company’s foray into the Defence sector with success. prestigious order of special He holds a Bachelor degree in Economics and a minor in Business Management steel sheets from Indian Space from Boston University. Before joining JSHL, he worked with JSW Group, Research Organisation (ISRO) for Accenture, Deutsche Bank and Boston Consulting Group and gained hands-on Rocket Motor Booster Application A experience while handling various projects, including marketing & sales and (Satellite Launch Vehicle). And it sourcing functions. was for the first time when ISRO In an interview with Ajit Thakur of Raksha Anirveda, he spoke about company’s procured special steel from an expansion plans, on-going activities in the company and its becoming a significant indigenous source, which involves supplier of critical strategic materials for various missile programmes of DRDO rigorous qualification processes. and ISRO’s space projects. An excerpt: What’s your take on that? Our defence core team is incessantly working towards Since inception, innovation and providing innovative, cost effective technology have been the and customised solution by cornerstone of all our businesses, developing application centric and with this philosophy Jindal grades. It is two years long hard Stainless has established the work, rigorous qualification capability to produce for Indian processes and innovative continual defence critical and strategic development approach which materials viz. special steel for missile made it possible to become JSHL programmes and GSLV/PSLV first Indian Supplier for this critical programmes of Indian Space application. Research Organisation (ISRO), Super In continuation to above success, Duplex Stainless Steel for submarine our defence and space core team rocket launchers, High Nitrogen Steel started working with Human Space (HNS) and JD1 for ballistic and blast and Flight Centre of ISRO and application, 17-4ph & 17-7ph for received the prestigious orders ground launchers. of special steel for India’s flagship space programme “Gaganyaan”. Since January 2019, JSHL has What are the products JHSL strengthened its positioning in is manufacturing defence and aerospace segment, and particularly for the defence is continuously working to develop requirement? Kindly shed light on Jindal Steel (Hisar) Ltd (JSHL) and supply special alloys for various the entire product range forayed into defence sector by strategic applications viz. Submarine including composites. many ways including signing the Rocket Launchers, Armoured SHL has developed and license agreement/ Transfer of Vehicles, Mine Trawls etc. Currently, produced special for defence Technology (ToT) with Defence who are your customers in both applications. Due to its excellent Research and Development government and private sector for mechanical properties, it is suitable Organisation (DRDO) for which you are producing special for critical component manufacturing High Nitrogen Steel alloys? Kindly provide a detailed manufacturing for applications in (HNS) for armour applications, which account. aerospace and defence such as reduces material acquisition cost for We have supplied various critical rocket canisters, rocket motor armour applications significantly by grades to DRDO labs, VSSC casings, suspensions, pressure 40-50 per cent. Please elaborate on (ISRO), HSFC (ISRO), OFB and Defence vessels etc. We are now supplying the progress made by JSHL in defence OEMs as per their stringent to almost all major missile sector in last two years? requirements. programmes in India and are

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intended to make JSHL major The indigenisation of raw material Jair Bolsonaro. We are participating material supplier for ISRO also. is also difficult as the requirements jointly in DEFEXPO 2020 and will JSHL is also producing Super Duplex of specialised materials is quite low declare the partnership as well. grade for naval applications of considering minimum quantity defence segment and supplied Ring required to meet scale of industrial What are the armour Forgings / Plates of this grade for production. Individual defence products JHSL is developing Submarine Rocket Launchers PSUs, OFB and DRDO may provide and manufacturing, Kindly shed against stringent requirement of a long term perspective of different light on the entire armour Defence Research and Development materials/ grades with help of past products range? Organisation (DRDO). JSHL has data and future forecasts. All this JSHL has developed advanced invested significantly in R&D and data may be uploaded at one portal, ballistic and blast protective through innovation, developed a which can be assessed by Indian grades JD1 and HNS. The use of HNS new ballistic/blast protective material manufacturers for as a material of construction for stainless steel grade High Nitrogen manufacturing. The materials manufacturing Mine Trawl Stainless Steel (HNS) and JD1. which are indigenised and found to Application for Main Battle tanks be meeting technical requirements, has been identified by Research and What’s your view on import of such materials may be Development Establishment Government’s various policy banned. (Engineers) / DRDO. Mine Trawl reforms towards opening up the have already been tested against Indian defence industry, ease of According to sources, JSHL four consecutive blast of 10Kg TNT doing business and making the is in advance level of talks and successfully passed the blast country a future defence with Taurus, a leading small arms test. OFB has identified material of manufacturing hub? Do you have manufacturing company from construction for manufacturing specific suggestions that require Brazil to form a joint venture (JV) Mine Protecting Vehicle which is immediate attention / action in India. Are you going to make being developed by VFJ using HNS. from the Government? the JV announcement at DefExpo The JD1 has excellent mechanical Prime Minister’s vision of 2020? Tell us more about it and and ballistic properties. The use of Make in India and the thrust your participation in DefExpo JD1 is likely to result in reduction on greater indigenisation in the 2020? of weight and will avoid import. It new Defence Procurement Policy We have already signed the scores over the existing materials (DPP) with enabling provisions for Joint Venture agreement in terms of performance. It is industry have highly encouraged us with Taurus for Small Arms also cost-effective for armouring to participate in defence manufacturing in India during a applications like BP Morcha, BP manufacturing. However, raw trade mission by the Brazilian Sentry Post, Armoured Vehicles, material segment till date is largely government to India, at a meeting Vehicle-Launched Bridge etc. We untouched as there exists other and between Indian and Brazilian have complete in-house facility for more convenient options to achieve business executives. It was done in manufacturing BP Morcha and its level of indigenisation required. the presence of Brazilian President being supplied to MoD and MHA.

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 57 TEJAS MARK 1A: A BRIDGE BETWEEN TEJAS MARK 1 AND MARK 2 FIGHTER With the latest spell of negotiation in which Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas manufacturer Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) and Indian Air Force (IAF) came to a conclusion to finalise the price at Rs 310 crore, Tejas Mark 1A once built and delivered is going to act as a bridge between Tejas Mark 1 and Mark 2 fighter.

HAL-IAF negotiated price of Tejas Mark Tejas Mark 2 to be a 1A : Rs 310 crore. Tejas Mark 2 to be given a generation ahead of Mark MoD gives a go ahead contemporary look of the 1 fighter. However, interim for the purchase of 83 Rafale and Eurofighter, and Tejas Mark 1A to be far more Tejas Mark 1A fighters will be built with canards on capable. The building of fighter the front of the fuselage. aircraft begins once a formal contract is In terms of size, sophistication received. 02 01 and capability, Mark 2 is far 03 superior to the Mark 1 fighter. 04 17 Mark 2 to be a significantly With order in place at HAL is building Mark 1A with the start of 2020, Tejas larger medium fighter with more 05 ADA contributing its expertise powerful GE F-414 engine. Mark IA deliveries will in vionics, flight controls, 16 start in 2023. 06 ærodynamics and structural All up weight (maximum analysis. take-off weight, with fuel 07 The first 15 Tejas Mark 1A, a flight of Tejas and weapons) of Tejas bridge between Delivery of Mark 1A to Mark 1 is 13.5 tonnes, and 08 Mark 2 is Tejas Mark 1 and begin in 36 months after targeted by 14 Mark 2 is 17.5 tonnes. the Mark 2 fighters. the contract date. 2023. Mark 1A light 09 fighter to have 13 same fuselage and Scheduled to deliver 16 fighters Advent of General Electric 10 each year, all 83 fighters may be 12 (GE) F-404 engine delivered in five years by 2028. Mark 1A, which as Mark 1. paves way for Mark 2 to be The initial batches of the Tejas Mark 1A configured with 11 may field an imported AESA radar, but to significantly be replaced with indigenous UttamUttam AEAESASA higher radar tat’s being developed by DRDO.DRDO. capabilities.

Each Mark 1A fighter to carry a self- protection jammer (SPJ)(SPJ) on a pod under its wing, sharing a mounting station with an air-to-air missile.

Tejas Mark 1A possesses Multi- tasking capability which will give it a clear combat edge over Pakistan’s entire fighter fleet and China’shina’s as well. Radius of Action Over 400 km (without refuelling) Speed 1,350 kmph

THE GAME CHANGER CHALLENGE India’s decades long quest for being self-reliant and having strategic autonomy depends on India developing its own powerful aircraft engine. The Kaveri flip-flop has been a dampener and taking cue from it, India should strategically move ahead to develop its own engine that meets the specifications of IAF through multi-dimensional approach – be it co-development with leading engine manufacturers or through global iDEX challenge.

RAKSHA A NIR VEDA SHOWCASE

RE-IMAGINING MAKE IN INDIA FROM INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGY STANDPOINT: SAANKHYA LABS The biggest take away from the Make in India in Defence has been the positive vibes it has generated among the young innovators, technocrats and entrepreneurs and motivating them to unleash their innovative spirit to make impactful contribution in diverse ﬁelds. Raksha Anirveda showcases Saankhya Labs as a case study of Re-imaging Make in India from indigenous technology standpoint.

he journey of Saankhya Labs and its contribution towards India’s India. Pruthvi 3 is the world’s indigenisation and self-reliance in defence manufacturing started well first and most advanced multi- before the Make in India initiative of the government took shape. Founded standard Next Generation in 2007, Saankhya Labs is widely recognized for its pioneering work in System-On-Chip (SoC). It is a Wireless Communication and has been awarded more than 30 patents along game changer in driving the with several international and national awards. As India’s first vertically next generation communications T integrated fabless semiconductor and systems company, it offers solutions architecture required in the for telecom, broadcast, defence and satcom industry. ‘Convergence Era’ of broadcast and broadband infrastructure. In addition to supporting 5G The pioneering product self-sufficiency in key technologies Broadcast, the biggest USP of offerings from Saankhya Labs have in the long run but also become a Pruthvi-3 is that it supports a made a profound impact and have trusted supplier to the world. variety of communication and received wide acceptance globally. It was a proud moment for broadcast standards in a small Initiatives such as these will India when Saankhya Labs footprint, low power device. immensely help India’s transition unveiled indigenously designed Powered by Pruthvi family from being focused merely on and developed Pruthvi 3 family of of SDR chipsets, Saankhya has manufacturing to a value-added processors in the august presence developed a diversified product technology and IP creation nation. of Union Ministers and High-level portfolio in terrestrial and satellite They will not only help India attain dignitaries from Government of communications. Saankhya’s solutions are designed to address a variety of requirements be it of strategic importance like defence communications, satellite communications, asset tracking, maritime security and disaster management or of socio- economic and cultural importance

Former MoS Communication, Mr. Manoj Sinha; MoS Railways Mr. Suresh Angadi; Niti Aayog CEO Mr. Amitabh Kant; Prasar Bharti CEO, Mr. Shahsi Shekhar; Secy. Dept. of Telecom, Mr. Anshu Prakash and Saankhya Team at Pruthvi 3 Chip the launch of Pruthvi-3 chip in New Delhi on Dec 28, 2018

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like rural broadband, automobile rescue team. All messages are timings at the stations enroute. entertainment, broadband- routed through the Centralized The trains hauled by RTIS enabled broadcast convergence, IoT etc. Command and Control Centre locomotives gets tracked and Despite the limited funding linked to the Satellite Earth plotted automatically in the that exists for core R&D in India, Station in India. Control Office Application (COA) Saankhya Labs has created a niche ISRO successfully completed at Central Control office. for itself by building an enterprise the trials on Deep Sea Fishing Saankhya Labs supplied the that is focused on innovation and vessels off the coast of Tamil Satcom modems and hub-side bringing transformative solutions Nadu and Gujarat in association equipment for RTIS project which to market. 5G Broadcast is one with MHA. Recently, in a public were powered by Saankhya’s such transformative solution function held at Tumkur, award-winning patented Software which is the convergence of Karnataka, PM Modi handed Defined Radio (SDR) chipsets. telecom and broadcasting over the Two-way MSS terminals Nurturing and supporting network. The solution will to fishermen from Tamil Nadu. Indian companies such as ease the congestion in the mobile network and facilitate a wide range of applications which include Direct to Mobile Broadcasting, Connected Cars, Emergency Broadcast Services among others. NAVDOOT – VESSEL TRACKING SYSTEM FOR COASTAL SECURITY

Navdoot is award-winning product of Saankhya Labs for maritime surveillance and coastal security. Post 26/11 Mumbai terror attack, Government of India has taken Prime Minister Narendra Modi giving 2-way MSS terminals to shermen from Tamil Nadu at a function in Tumkur, Karnataka several steps for maritime security. One such initiative is NAVRAIL – TWO-WAY MSS to use ISRO’s Mobile Satellite MODEM FOR RAILWAY TRACKING Service (MSS) technology for real time tracking, and monitoring of Recently, Saankhya Labs supplied deep-sea fishing vessels within over 2600 Mobile Satellite Services Indian maritime boundary. The modems (MSS terminals designed proposed infrastructure provides and developed indigenously) to a common communication Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) platform for maritime agencies for deployment on locomotives of (viz Indian Navy, Indian Coast Indian Railways. This was done as Guard, Department of Fisheries part of Phase I implementation Saankhya Labs will not etc) and enables ship-to-shore of Real-time Train Information only help India attain its and shore-to-ship messaging System (RTIS) project executed objectives of Self-reliance in service for fishermen. by Centre for Railway Information defence communication but The two-way MSS terminals Systems (CRIS) in collaboration also galvanize the Indian installed on fishing vessels, with ISRO and Bharat Electronics ecosystem to save on imports deliver weather alerts and Ltd (BEL). and earn precious foreign during exigencies, it allows The RTIS is primarily used for exchange through exports, fishermen to seek help via an SOS acquisition of train movement unequivocally establishing true message relayed through ISRO’s data, including that of arrival, accomplishment of Make in satellite to the disaster relief and departure and run-through India.

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 61 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA BUSINESS INITIATIVE “TO ATTAIN SELF-RELIANCE IN DEFENCE COMMUNICATION, KEY BUILDING BLOCKS NEED TO BE IDENTIFIED UPFRONT AND ADEQUATE FUNDS FOR TECHNOLOGY AND IP CREATION GRANTED” In conversation with Raksha Anirveda, Vivek Kimbahune, Executive Vice President – Sales & Business Development, Saankhya Labs spoke about its new product offerings and contribution to Make in India.

What is Navdoot - Vessel Tracking with the department of fisheries. System and how is it going to strengthen Each MSS terminal mounted on the Coastal Security? boat will have a unique identification  Navdoot enables real time tracking number mapped to the boat owner and monitoring of Deep-Sea Fishing and fishermen who are authenticated vessels via Satellite transponders fitted by the local government agencies and on sub 20 meter mechanized (trawler) permitted to do deep-sea fishing. The boats. The MSS terminals operate on agencies can track the movement on ISRO satellite real-time basis and monitor for any a. The data transmitted is secured suspicious activity along the long and cannot be accessed by foreign maritime border agencies.  Fishermen can report any suspicious b. All maritime security agencies can be activity from Deep-sea to the shore connected to the network. A common  Report illegal fishing in Indian zones Vivek Kimbahune platform that enables better tracking, monitoring, co-ordination and search and rescue operations Navdoot installed on deep sea c. The network is also integrated shing vessel with other governmental agencies offering data on preferential fishing zone, weather alerts and enables fishermen safety by two- way communication from Ship- to-shore and vice versa.  The two-way MSS terminals offer an accurate assessment of traffic and assist the multi-layer security apparatus to identify and distinguish un-registered boats, a key requirement in assessment of friend or foe in deep sea. Currently only boats over 20m in length are mandated to be fitted with AIS, the rest do not carry any tracking device as it is not mandated by law.  All the boats are registered

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 Alert fishermen when they are have unique ability to support non- entering restricted zones standard waveforms based on India specific requirements of Indian How Navdoot is different from other Armed Forces. The waveforms are VTS products available in the market? not only secure from IP standpoint Kindly elaborate on its unique features but also challenging to intercept that make it standout from others.. and decipher by the unintended • The two-way MSS terminals operate users. on ISRO satellite making it the most secure form of tracking and The Make in India initiative hasn’t communication system for strategic yielded the result as expected. In applications. your opinion why it has fallen short of • The MSS network for coastal security expectations, what are the blind spots provides unified access to India’s that needs special look into for course maritime security agencies i.e. correction? Indian Navy, Coast Guard, Coastal ”Self-reliance in technology is Initially, Make in India was broadly Police etc the hall mark of a great nation. focussed on manufacturing, • Navdoot is the only solution powered Since inception, Saankhya without equitable incentives for by indigenous chipsets indigenous technology and IP • Multi-lingual SDR support Labs has been in pursuit of creation. Given the long gestation • Low-power, affordable equipment, excellence in indigenous cycles, it is difficult for MSME’s to designed, developed and technology. We are well poised stay invested on building products manufactured in India and technologies specifically for • Two-way MSS terminals developed to compete with the best in defence, without preferential access in partnership with ISRO, approved the business but to unleash to market. for deployment the full potential, proactive The policy has to be broad- • No monthly subscription charges to based taking holistic,long term the fishermen support from the government view of what is required by the is key to success especially defence forces over the next Give a detailed account of Saakhya in defence and strategic couple of decades. To attain self- Labs SDR based product offerings reliance in defence communication, that’s specifically relevant for Indian communication. All the major key building blocks need to be Armed Forces. How its fool proof from defence equipment suppliers identified upfront and adequate enemy interception and monitoring? in the world have had the funds needs to be granted. The L1 Despite India’s prowess in IT, based approach for R&D funding Saankhya Labs is the only company support from their government has the potential to derail the in the country today that builds and as a state policy and India initiative as undeserving players delivers end solutions to customers cannot be an exception if it may sneak in resulting in serious based on its indigenous, patented, delays and associated cost and SDR chipsets. aspires to be a powerful country security implications with it. The chipsets are conceived, with self-reliance in defence architected, designed & developed technology...” Is Saankhya Labs currently executing by Saankhya Labs without licensing any project / having projects in any DSP cores from overseas IP PARAG NAIK pipeline from the government under providers. The Instruction Set CEO, Saankhya Labs Make in India specific to the defence Architecture is designed ground requirement? up and is patent protected. All the Yes, there are multiple projects in IP ownership is created and rests on Saankhya’s baseband pipeline specifically addressing within India. processors. Since these are the Defence Communication One of the key components in developed in-house, the IP rests requirements. They are at various any communication system is within the country and there is stages of engagement from concept the waveform. All the waveforms no risk. Saankhya’s indigenously proposals to field trials and for obvious are designed and developed designed and developed SDR reasons are not meant for public indigenously and implemented based communication systems consumption.

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 63 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA RENDEZVOUS GENERAL MM NARAVANE TAKES CHARGE AS 28TH ARMY CHIEF At the time when India is facing twin threats of cross-border terrorism from Pakistan and an assertive military along the border from China, General MM Naravane has taken over the reigns of Indian Army. Now, the country will look at the new Army Chief that how tactfully he handles the current scenario to evade the dual threats

ew Delhi. Lieutenant General Manoj Mukund Naravane took over as Wing, besides two tenures at the the 28th Chief of Army Staff (COAS) in the substantive rank of General Integrated Headquarters of Ministry of with effect from December 31, 2019 helming the 1.3 million-strong Defence (Army), New Delhi. force at a time India has been facing evolving security challenges The General Officer had the privilege such as cross-border terrorism and an assertive Chinese military of commanding the Republic Day Parade N along the border. in 2017 in his capacity as the General Officer Commanding (GOC) Delhi Area. After successfully commanding the Army Gen Naravane, who was serving as Training Command, Shimla, he took over Vice Chief of the Army Staff (VCOAS), as the General Officer Commanding-in- succeeds General Bipin Rawat, who has Chief (GOC-in-C) of Eastern Command on been appointed the country’s first Chief October 01, 2018. of Defence Staff (CDS), a post created to As Army chief, Gen Naravane’s priorities bring in operational convergence among are expected to be the implementation of the three Services. long-pending reforms of the Army, contain The Government announced the cross-border terrorism in Kashmir and appointment of Lt Gen Naravane as bolster the operational capabilities of the India’s Army Chief on December 17. force along the northern border where Lt Gen Naravane did his schooling at China has been ramping up its military Dnayana Prabodhinee Prashala, Pune. An infrastructure in Tibet. alumnus of the National Defence Academy With Gen Naravane taking charge, all and the Indian Military Academy, the the three Services heads including Navy General Officer was commissioned into Chief Admiral Karambir Singh and Indian the 7th Battalion, The Sikh Light Infantry Air Force Chief RKS Bhadauria are now Regiment in June 1980. from the 56th course of the National He is an alumnus of the Defence The Officer brings with him enormous Defence Academy. Services Staff College, Wellington and experience of serving in the most The General is a decorated officer Higher Command Course, Mhow. He holds challenging areas. The General Officer who has been awarded the ‘Sena a Master’s Degree in Defence Studies, M. has commanded 2nd Battalion, Rashtriya Medal’ (Distinguished) for effectively Phil Degree in Defence and Management Rifles (Sikh Light Infantry), 106 Infantry commanding his battalion in Jammu Studies and is currently pursuing his Brigade, Inspector General Assam Rifles and Kashmir. After a farewell Guard of Doctorate. (North) at Kohima, Nagaland and 2 Corps. Honour, Gen Rawat, who paid respects In a distinguished military career His staff assignments include tenures to fallen soldiers at the National War spanning almost four decades, the General as a Brigade Major of an Infantry Brigade, Memorial, also expressed the hope that Officer has the distinction of tenating key Assistant Adjutant & Quartermaster the Army will rise to greater heights command and staff appointments in Peace General (AA&QMG) of Headquarters under its new chief. Asked whether and Field both in North East and Jammu & Establishment No 22, Defence Attache the Army is better prepared now to Kashmir and has been part of the Indian at Yangon, Myanmar, an instructional face the security challenges facing the Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka during appointment in the Army War College as country he said, “Yes, we are better ‘Operation Pawan’. Directing Staff in the Higher Command prepared.”

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RE-IMAGINING MAKE IN INDIA TRANSFORMING IDEAS INTO REALITY

The initiative Make in India in Defence started with a roar but six years down the line, an objective analysis of the overall impact seems to be a meek meow. The major ‘Make in India’ projects in defence - be it the new-generation stealth submarines, minesweepers, light utility helicopters or the infantry combat vehicles,transport aircraft and ﬁghter jets – are all stuck and face uncertainty. The reasons behind the pitfall is well-known, but surprisingly nothing has been done to overcome them to achieve the desired goal of self-reliance. It’s the right time to do course correction through deep introspection and reimagining the future roadmap where ideas get transformed into reality in a seamless manner through immersive, transparent process and collaborative partnership.

Raksha Anirveda presents diversi ed views from various stakeholders in its quest to nd consensual solutions that should steer the Make in India journey towards success… RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 65 MAKE IN INDIA MEGA PROJECTS FIASCO Projects Value: INR 3.5 LAKH CRORES A sincere attempt needs to made with utmost urgency to move forward these Make in India – showcase projects to its logical end. Finding solutions to the asymmetries (bureaucratic bottlenecks, commercial and technical fracas, long and never ending procedures, lack of requisite political push and follow-through) that have long been proven as the main hurdles is the key. The big question remains: Is India ready now?

Future Infantry Combat Vehicles Despite getting AoN a decade back (2009), the project is stucktill date. Policy flip –flop 1 (MoD shifting it to Make - II categoryfrom Make – I) has Mine Counter- resulted indisputes among Measure Vessels companies.The FICV project is Indian Navy’s hunt for MCMVs is valued at Rs.60,000 crore (2,300 + still going on since 2005. The armoured vehicles) and was meant for Navy needs 12 MCMVs (meant replacing the ageing BMP-2 fleet. for detecting and destroying 2 enemy mines) and the project is Light Utility Helicopters valued at Rs. 32,000 crore. With (IAF and Army) fresh RFP expected in the first The project costing over Rs. 8,000 crore half of 2020, one can hope that it for 200 Kamov – 226T choppers is will move ahead smoothly. still languishing with uncertainty and is stuck at the technical evaluation 3 stage. These choppers will replace the ageing and obsolete Cheetah and Chetak fleets. The agreement Fighter Jets and JV with Russia was done in The most lucrative project December 2015; the project only needs valued at Rs. 1.4 lakh crore a final push to get going. for 114 fighter jets will take another four years to reach 4 the contract stage. With seven foreign contenders Medium Transport in fray, the AoN is likely by mid-2020 and will be Aircraft followed by issuance of RFP to IAF’s requirement to have 56 twin all contenders. Will the project turboprop to replace its old Avro be fast tracked for a smooth sail 5 aircraft fleet is valued at approx. remains to be seen! Rs. 12,000 crore. Since the issuance of RFP to eight aviation majors in 2013, the Airbus-Tata project (C-295 aircraft)was cleared by MoD in 2015 and with Diesel-Electric Submarines protracted commercial negotiations The estimated value of the project is over Rs. now completed; the project now awaits 50,000 crore. Under Project 75 (I) six stealth 6 CCS final clearance to get kick-started. diesel-electric submarines are to be built. Though it got the acceptance of necessity (AoN) in 2007,expression of interest Naval Utility Helicopters (EoI) were given to Indian The first project under the new Strategic shipyards and foreign Partnership model was approved in August manufacturers recently 7 2018 by Defence Acquisitions Council. after a long delay. With the The project aims to replace single engine selection of Indian shipyard Chetaks with 111 armed, twin-engine and its foreign partner choppers and is valued at Rs. 21,000 taking another four years crore. With the shortlisting of four and expected rollout of first Indian companies and threeforeign submarine taking another seven- companies, the request for proposal eight years, some out-of-the-box thinking (RFP) is expected in 2020. The major is required to cut short the project cycle. challenge will be to cut short the project’s three-year timeline for contract and handle HAL’s contention to be roped in. MAKE IN INDIA: LEARNINGS FROM THE PAST In the after years of Independence, India had the distinction of being one of the few countries (apart from Western powers) to develop a supersonic fighter plane – HF-24 Marut. The most interesting aspect was that in mere twelve years it was inducted into the Indian Air Force in 1967 (The project started in 1955 and the test. flights were initiated in 1961). It was a great achievement for a country that was still struggling to overcome its numerous challenges post-independence. It became possibledue to Indian government’s farsightedness of hiring top talent from abroad. German engineer Kurt Tank at HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd) with his team (German designers,Indian engineers and technicians) spearheaded the efforts to build the supersonic aircraft Marut. At the same time, government’s failure (reasons not known) to invest indeveloping appropriate engines eventually lead to the failure of Marut to become IAF’s frontline fighter. Nevertheless, under developed Marut did play an important role asa ground attack aircraft in 1971 war. Moving forward, taking cue from the missed opportunity, Make in India’s focus in its reimagined and transformed avatar should be moreon talent acquisition - be it from the domestic or global pool to develop indigenous defence technological capabilities. Is India ready for it? MAKE I N I NDI A: SHOWCASE INDIAN NAVY’S INDIGENISATION ROADMAP FOR ITS NAVAL AVIATION TILL 2022 NAVAL AVIATION INDIGENISATION ROADMAP (NAIR) The NAIR was conceived and planned in 2017 as an effort to ensure indigenous availability of required equipment and realize self-reliance through the concerted efforts of the stakeholders; taking into account the government’s Make in India initiative. THE NAIR DOCUMENT The ﬁrst version of the Naval Aviation Indigenisation Roadmap (2017-22) was published in October 2017. Recently, the Indian Navy came up with the latest edition of NAIR (160-page document) for a three-year period till 2022, which includes spares and parts for its aviation assets including the MiG-29K variants (Russia) and the P8I maritime surveillance aircraft (Boeing Co. USA).

In May 2018, a Naval Aviation Indigenisation Guidebook was also released to serve as a ready- reference and primer for agencies keen on undertaking indigenisation of aviation spares thatis governed by stringent procedures.

The revised NAIR has taken into consideration the changing requirements, based on various factors, such as user demands, actual consumption, availability, strength and expertise of domestic industries. Photographs of components, where available, NAIR HIGHLIGHTS and their nature, such as flight or The latest edition of NAIR includes non-flight critical, have also been approx. 575 items of flight and non-flight mentioned, aircraft-wise. critical nature. It also mentions approx. quantity of items required for the benefit The aviation’s indigenisation efforts are being spearheaded by two of indigenisation partners. Naval aircraft yards (NAYs) at Kochi It will help the industry identify items and Goa, along with the Naval that can be indigenised; can directly Aircraft Servicing and Development approach the respective in-house OUTREACH Organisation (NASDO) at Goa. indigenisationcommittees (IICs) to initiate The first version of the roadmap (2017) These organisations are known the process. outreach was made through extensive as the in-house indigenisation Then, the projects can be pursued interactions (held across more than Committees (IICs). under any of the following routes: tencities) with many industries, 1) Revenue procurement route academia, incubators, federations, NAY (Goa) is responsible for 2) M ake-II of the Defence Procurement chambers, associations of industries Russian-origin spares Procedure (DPP) and other agencies keen on design and NAY (Kochi) for western-origin 3) Other appropriate channels development of aircraft components, spares ground support equipment and other NASDO focuses on common items related to aircraft maintenance. equipment. RAKSHA A NIR VEDA ON THE MOVE

2015 to 2019 amounts to only Rs 13,743.53 crores. There’s scope and opportunity for much more MODERNISATION THROUGH though. In the last five financial years from 2014-15 to 2018-19, the Government has accorded Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) to INDIGENISATION IN DEFENCE 204 proposals worth Rs 4,04,880 crore approximately under Modernisation through indigenisation in defence kick-started with the Buy (Indian-IDDM), Buy the announcement of Make in India, which strives to bridge the (Indian), Buy and Make (Indian), gap between defence modernisation needs and indigenisation Strategic Partnership (SP) Model with clear focus on increasing private sector participation or Make categories of capital procurement, in which Request By LT GEN SUBRATA SAHA (RETD) for Proposal (RfP) is issued only to Indian industries. n 2018 India came one step down from its long-held position of being the During the last three financial world’s largest importer of weapons, however it still accounted for 9.5 years 2016-17 to 2018-19, out of per cent of the global share of import. Such high import dependency for the 149 contracts that have been defence is of serious concern both from the point of strategic security and concluded for procurement of the country’s economy. The mantra therefore is ‘modernisation through defence equipment, 91 have been I indigenisation’. concluded with Indian industry. The offset policy introduced in 2005 to leverage capital acquisition Defence sector was opened to defence modernisation needs for developing domestic defence direct private sector participation and indigenisation with clear industry has undergone several in 2001, with each edition of defence focus on increasing private sector revisions. Original equipment procurement procedure (DPP), participation. manufacturers (OEMs) being adding provisions to promote Since the opening of private incentivised to take SMEs as indigenisation. But this did not sector participation in defence offset partners. Till March 2019 generate enough enthusiasm in the production in 2001 till October the Ministry of Defence (MoD) private sector due to complexity 2019, 452 Industrial Licenses had signed 52 offset contracts of process, lack of access to user, (ILs) have been issued; out of valued at US$11.79 billion to be prolonged gestation for return on which 109 licenses were issued in discharged by Indian industries. Of investment (RoI) and so on. the last three financial years. The these 21 defence offset contracts The Make in India initiative proposed investments indicated with cumulative value of US$5.67 started in September 2014 is by the companies in their license billion have been signed in the last striving to bridge this gap between application in the five years from three years.

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In June 2014, FDI in defence was increased from 26 per cent to 49 per cent with prospect for further increase provided modern technology is brought into the country. In the last five years FDI amounting to Rs 1,812 crores have been reported in defence and aerospace sector. An ‘Innovation for Defence Excellence (iDEX) programme was launched in April 2018 to foster innovation and technology in defence and aerospace by providing grants/funding to engage industries, start-ups, individual innovators, R&D institutes and academia. 24 iDEX contracts have Defence Minister Rajnath Singh handing over the prize money to iDEX 2019 winner been signed so far by the Defence Innovation Organisation (DIO). (diesel-electric) submarines. with the industry and academia. DPP 2016 had redefined Make The process of indigenisation Equipment demonstrations procedure into two; Make-I with has clearly got off to a good start. were organised for the industry 90 per cent Government funding Now there is a need to accelerate and academia at Ahmednagar, and Make-II with no Government and sustain the momentum. To this Coimbatore, Gopalpur, Devlali and funding. Make-I is meant for end, certain additional measures Mhow. Field trips for scientists/ major platforms involving critical are recommended. engineers were organised to technologies, large infrastructure India’s defence budget has Kashmir, Sikkim, Rajasthan, Rann and high investment. Make II been increasing steadily. From of Kutch, and Ladakh. Alongside provides opportunity to private Rs 3,40,921.78 crore in 2016-17, these interactions at industry industry to design and develop it has increased to Rs 4,31,010.79 hubs, a series of workshops on minor platforms, systems, and crore in 2019-2020. There are SQR, costing, trials etc were IN THE LAST FIVE FINANCIAL components. In January 2018, the competing demands on the budget conducted for officers dealing YEARS FROM Make-II procedure was simplified, as indeed complex threats that with procurements. What came 2014-15 TO timelines tightened, and provision India faces. There is an ongoing out clearly from the outreach 2018-19, THE for suo-motto submission of sub-conventional conflict being programme was that there is GOVERNMENT projects introduced. In the last fought alongside continuous capability in the country, but it HAS ACCORDED two years, 44 Make II proposals preparations for full spectrum needs to be tapped with an open AON TO 204 have been accorded ‘In-principle war. Prioritisation of defence and encouraging policy that “tests PROPOSALS Acceptance’. modernisation requirements is and trusts”. WORTH RS In May 2017, the Strategic therefore critical. The Government The first important requirement 4,04,880 CRORE Partnership policy for production has recently appointed the Chief of is to tell the industry well in APPROXIMATELY of aircrafts, submarines, helicopters Defence Staff (CDS) and constituted advance what the armed forces UNDER THE BUY (INDIAN-IDDM), and armoured vehicles was the Defence Planning Committee require in terms of numbers, BUY (INDIAN), announced. The strategic partner (DPC). While it is expected that specifications and timeline. This BUY AND MAKE is expected to play the role of the the CDS will lay down clear is currently being done through (INDIAN), SP system integrator by building an priorities for modernisation with the Technology Perspective and MODEL OR MAKE extensive eco-system comprising pragmatic timelines, the DPC Capability Roadmap (TPCR). CATEGORIES development partners, specialised should ensure budgetary support However, while the latest OF CAPITAL vendors and suppliers, particularly and accountability. version TPCR 2018 is certainly PROCUREMENT, MSMEs. The first Defence Through 2016-17, the Indian an improvement over earlier IN WHICH RFP Acquisition Council meeting of Army conducted an extensive ones, it does not cover the entire IS ISSUED ONLY 2020 has approved two Indian outreach programme with 32 range of the requirements. For TO INDIAN industries and five foreign OEMs interactions at industrial hubs the industry to invest, the TPCR INDUSTRIES for construction of six conventional across the country to connect must be replaced by a “Defence

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 69 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA ON THE MOVE

operations, training and logistic functions. AI can replace human operators manning control room and surveillance devices as indeed in repair and ammunition/ spares/ supply chain functions. In Israel, AI is revolutionising warfare by providing inputs to commanders through high end predictive analysis. AI and robotics can provide solutions to improve teeth to tail ratios. The N Chandrasekaran Task Force on ‘strategic implications of AI in national security’ has submitted its final report in July 2018. In 2019, MoD has set up its Rajnath Singh AI implementation committee. It chairing the DAC meeting is essential now to put-out specific requirements to enable industry to support for trial and testing facilities get on with development. in the defence industrial corridors. The draft defence production Currently, import substitution and policy has identified 13 systems for infusion of latest components/ self-reliance. It is important to lay technology are inhibited by the down self-reliance objectives for policy of going through user and critical components like engines, QA trials afresh. There is scope for high-end materials, chips etc. further simplification of the trial In the short term, five functions process for procurements, and need immediate attention, viz. substitution of trial with warranty. competency mapping of the private DPP 2016 introduced the sector; faster procurement cycles; provision for Enhanced Performance self-certification and synchronizing Parameters (EPP), to enable armed procurement cycles with forces to procure equipment with technological cycles; introduction of Dr Ajay Kumar, the then Secretary, Defence Production better specifications than what is an end to end digitised procurement handing over the purchase order of Advanced Spray Coater to defined as essential parameter. system with accountability; and, Delgado CEO R Sree Kumar Equipment qualifying EPP during timelines strictly defined. Industrial Planning” document trials could be awarded a credit score In the medium to long term, the which comes with a degree of of up to 10 per cent, for evaluation of strategic partnership programme IN THE MEDIUM assurance that the items listed lowest bid (L1), with each individual must be pursued while encouraging TO LONG TERM, will be procured within the given attribute not exceeding a score more IDDM and Make II with the THE STRATEGIC timeframe. of three per cent. Effectively this help of much wider private sector PARTNERSHIP A great relief to the private provision seeks to achieve an participation, particularly MSMEs. PROGRAMME industry has been the opening intersection of best technology More and more categorisation MUST BE of public sector trial and testing (T1) with lowest bid (L1). In order and AoN must be accorded for PURSUED WHILE facilities. A policy on ‘Utilisation of to utilise this provision effectively Indian industry. The acquisition ENCOURAGING Third-Party Inspection Services’, ‘Price Indexing of Technology’ must branch must be managed by more MORE IDDM AND has been notified in May 2018 be undertaken by the Services with specialists, and services need to MAKE II WITH for effective administration help of technology experts and cost create their own cadre of technology THE HELP OF MUCH WIDER of inspection services with managers to get the most appropriate leaders, who understand military PRIVATE SECTOR involvement of third parties and technology and value for money in requirements and technology, and PARTICIPATION promote Ease of Doing Business EPP, strategic partnerships, as well can lead the drive. (EODB) for MSMEs and private as Make programmes. PARTICULARLY – The author is former DCOAS and MSMEs sector. Further facilitation is There is immense potential of currently member NSAB. Views expressed proposed through Government AI on a day to day basis in military are personal

70 www.raksha-anirveda.com R&S®ARDRONIS Direction Reliable detection, classification and direction finding of commercial drones PD 5215.1324.82 V 01.00

23394_Poster_ARDRONIS.indd 2 05.04.17 16:32 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA FUTURE WARFARE

Hunter, Mystere etc. 6TH GENERATION AERIAL WARFARE:  2nd Gen (1960-75) – “Emergence of after-burners gave rise to supersonic flight.” This was a gift from rocket WILL IT BE FOUGHT AMONG technology, which first emerged at this time. Longer fuselage, short stub swept wings, auto- stabilisers, autopilot, close AUTONOMOUS DRONES combat missiles, fire control radar (FCR) and its radar scope The 6th gen aerial warfare is expected to be fought by teams of (display). Ex: MiG-21, Sukhoi-7, autonomous drones, with the team presenting distributed sensors F-104 Starfighter etc.  2½ Gen (1970-80) – “The and distributed weapons by their spatial separation, controlled by a element called Silicon.” Spread singular and artiﬁcially intelligent brain. of micro-processor technology lead to proliferation of inertial By GP CAPT HARSH VARDHAN THAKUR (RETD) navigation units (INU) and mission computers (MC). Automated weapon solutions The squadron idiot said, “drones are getting smarter by the game about for the first time, day…., while pilots are getting dumber.” which was projected on head up display (HUD), multi-function It sounded like a joke at first. But then, there’s an eery truth display (MFD), integrated along hidden behind those few words. A wake-up call perhaps! with radar warning receiver (RWR), clusters weapons, runway denial bombs etc. Even ttempting to catch up with the generation gone by, could be an incredibly nav suite (VOR-ILS-TACAN / expensive affair. Perhaps, meeting up with the next generation is a more RSBN/PRMG) came about at efficient possibility. Definitive work on sixth generation aerial warfare this time. Ex: Jaguar, Mirage- started in the domestic aerospace sector in late 2018. There has been a III/V, Viggen, MiG-27 etc. flurry of ideas and innovations, especially by micro, small and medium 3rd Gen (1975-85) – “Advent enterprises (MSMEs). But the most refreshing evolution has been the of air superiority fighters resurgence of large-scale military aerospace research works in domestic (ASF)”. Unstable equals highly A aerospace majors. Domestic research works are often viewed with manoeuvrable. Equipped cynicism. Be that as it may, a quick peep into the probable future follows.... with multi-mode radars (MMR), beyond visual range (BVR) missiles, ASFs were .…AFTER A RECAP  1st Gen (1945-55) – “Advent indomitable. Ex: F-15, MiG-29, of jet engines.” Took birth MiG-25 etc. Surface-level study of the five by the end of World War 2.  3½ Gen (1980-90) – generations of jet fighter aircraft, Straight wing, subsonic, manual “Induction of multirole begs the question be asked…, controls, fixed gunsights. Ex: fighters” equally capable of ‘what would be the shape of a Vampire, Phantom, MiG-9 etc. undertaking air-to-air as well sixth-generation fighter aircraft?’ 1½ Gen (1950-60) – “Reach for as air-to-surface missions. This paper provides the definitive transonic flight.” This happened They were also equipped with answer. Let’s take a brief recap of soon after the first jets. Swept new sensors like infra-red the five generations before we go wing, hydraulic controls, gyro search and track (IRST), night beyond:- gunsights. Ex: Gnat, F-86 Sabre, vision goggles (NVG), precision

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guided munitions (PGM), generations was the first fifth trend somewhat. Though F-22 DEFINITIVE laser designator pods (LDP), gen fighter aircraft F-22 Raptor. was a great performer, it is WORK ON SIXTH anti-shipping missiles (ASM), It brought in “stealth tech” generally accepted that the 5th GENERATION integrated electronic warfare into fighters, with conformal gen fighters allow for a slightly AERIAL (EW) suites, glass cockpit etc. sensors, internal weapons, deteriorated core performance WARFARE Ex: F-16, Su-27, Mirage-2000, super-cruise etc. Ex: F-35, PAK while developing the low STARTED IN Tornado etc. FA, J-20 etc. observable bird. The gains THE DOMESTIC  4th Gen (1990-2000) – from stealth are significant, and AEROSPACE “Emergence of net-centric therefore the minor step down SECTOR IN LATE TREND ANALYSIS OF EARLIER 2018. THERE HAS warfare (NCW)” distributing the GENERATIONS in performance is acceptable. BEEN A FLURRY task of decision making from the Largely speaking, 4+ gen OF IDEAS AND fighter pilot to AWACS mission fighters can outperform 5th INNOVATIONS, commanders. Ex: Su-30, F-16 Till the 4th+ gen, it had generally gen fighters in core strengths. ESPECIALLY BY new blocks, Gripen etc. been the trend that more War gaming results, however, MICRO, SMALL  4½ Gen (2000-2010) – powerful machines, with faster repeatedly throw up a victory AND MEDIUM “Development of aircraft with speeds, better manoeuvrability by a small margin, for 5th ENTERPRISES enhanced sustenance in air and meaner weapons, could gen fighters in air-to-air BVR (MSMES). BUT and enhanced availability on overcome the older gen fighters. combat. 5th gen fighters also THE MOST ground.” These aircraft were Aerial war fighting for nations undertake air-to-ground REFRESHING equipped with complete sensor was therefore, intimately linked strikes with lesser attrition. EVOLUTION HAS BEEN THE fusion, very high mission to availability of two major A word about air-to-ground RESURGENCE performance, multi-spectral air power assets:- firstly, the strikes; while the 5th gen OF LARGE- sensors, AESA technology, ‘number of fighters’ of various emerged, development of more SCALE MILITARY cruise missiles, integrated generations and secondly, the advanced ground-based air AEROSPACE logistics solutions, health ‘number of associated weapons’ defence systems (G-BADS) RESEARCH monitoring and prognostics etc. in the inventory. There was no progressed at breakneck speed WORKS IN Ex: Typhoon, Rafale, Gripen-E, great science in war gaming, as too. Today it is becoming DOMESTIC Su-35, etc. the bigger and stronger force difficult, if not impossible, AEROSPACE  5th Gen (2005-20) – almost always won. to penetrate enemy’s GBADS MAJORS Heralding the concept of fighter Fifth gen deviated from the without significant attrition.

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 73 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA FUTURE WARFARE

reheat. A transonic flying-wing, stealthy shape with non-reheated engine(s) would probably be the choice for surveillance and attack roles, while a supersonic, low observable shape with reheated engine(s) may be the preferred option for interceptor and air defence roles. CONCLUDING REMARKS “Pilots are lazy, unintelligent and vulnerable. Some are brave and go it solo. These ones will get knocked down the quickest.” BVR Missile The 6th gen aerial warfare is expected to be fought by teams of autonomous drones, with HYPOTHESIS FOR THE NEXT overload plummets SA of pilots, the team presenting distributed whereas the same info feeds sensors and distributed weapons GENERATION into the brain of AI based by their spatial separation, drones, which gain SA rapidly.” controlled by a singular, While the 5th gen broke the *SA - Situational Awareness artificially intelligent brain. trend, the 6th gen of the nearest Typically, a team of four drones future beckons a complete WHAT’S THE SHAPE & SIZE OF would exceed the capability paradigm shift. Two disruptive of a 5th gen aircraft in air-to- factors have emerged - Number 6TH GEN FIGHTERS…? ground and air-to-air roles but, one, lethality of G-BADS has cost significantly lesser to build, already exceeded the capability So, the individual fighter operate and maintain. Typically, a of 5th gen fighters, disallowing aircraft of the 6th generation team of lesser than 16 interceptor penetration of defences and is indeed going to be a mid- drones would be able to blockade strike into contested air spaces. sized asset which belongs to a four-ship strike formation of Number two, autonomous a larger team of assets and 5th gen fighters. Most if not all SIXTH GEN AERIAL technologies (artificial controllers. The aircraft would strikes would be undertaken COMBAT IS READY intelligence/ AI) and computer incorporate a stealthy shape by heavily armed flying-wing TO UNFOLD IN vision (machine learning/ ML) with top mounted intake(s) for shaped drones. Air forces which TWO GRADUATED packaged into robotic drones are its low bypass, turbofan, after- embark upon this path and STEPS. THE challenging the primacy of pilots burning, engine(s), and would arm themselves expeditiously, FIRST COULD BE in winning air-to-ground battles. house internal weapons in its shall perhaps find themselves TERMED AS 5TH+ Air-to-air battles are the next belly and wing-fuselage joints. It at a lesser disadvantage in 6th GEN OF MUM- TEAM COMBAT logical frontier to be conquered would incorporate the smallest generation aerial warfare. (MANNED- by drones. size practicable. The size would (Disclaimer: Hypersonic UNMANNED Sixth gen aerial combat is probably be half that of a jet weapons are emerging and TEAM), WHILE ready to unfold in two graduated fighter, just adequate for two hypersonic aircraft would THE SECOND steps. The first could be termed medium calibre, air-to-ground possibly carry nuclear payloads STEP WOULD as 5th+ gen of MUM-Team cruise missiles and two air-to-air across long distances. But they TRULY EMBODY combat (Manned-Unmanned BVR missiles, with (only) the nose, would probably continue to be THE 6TH GEN team), while the second step large enough to accommodate stand-alone, very expensive, CHARACTERISTICS would truly embody the 6th a fighter AESA radar. The max one-time use assets.) OF FULLY gen characteristics of fully all-up-weight would probably be AUTONOMOUS autonomous drone-combat. in 8-tonne category with a total - The author is a fighter pilot, who has DRONE-COMBAT served IAF for two and a half decades. “Large packages yield powerplant rating of about 25 He is presently an experimental test immense information. Info- kN in dry power and 40 kN with pilot at HAL.

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RAKSHA A NIR VEDA MY VIEW

participation of SMEs in a hitherto uptight and bureaucratic sector. HARNESSING THE TALENT POOL IN In this regard the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) is providing Certificate of SME’S AND STARTUPS ECOSYSTEM Recognition to companies as start up is proving most helpful to the Indian SMEs to enter and thrive in the defence sector. It gives KEY TO MAKE IN INDIA SUCCESS SMEs an opportunity for getting funding and use regulatory benefits that provide the The government’s Make in India policy initiative has attracted the talent much-needed financial support. to bring in innovation and right solution for the defence requirements. It’s Any idea that is to be brought to life now time to keep the momentum going through provisioning of adequate needs resources, a fertile ground and a funding, test facilities and conducive environment to sustain their growth positive environment to grow. Further, it goes without saying that the start up By R V KERUR ecosystem could not flourish without positive interventions by regulators, policy he Indian defence sector has evolved from being a ‘Buyer’ to ‘Assembler’ by makers, investors and academic institutions Defence Public Sector Units (DPSUs) to the present day ‘Develop and Make in India’ to name a few. The funding process and driven by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), DPSUs and more importantly acceptability of failures for Indian Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Indian SMEs contribution innovative projects is essential for the Make in defence sector with products made in India has been long and arduous. The in India policy to be successful. acceptability of Indian-made products, qualifications to the stringent military GoI dedicating Rs 500 cr fund for the T standards and sustained operability in one of the harshest environment has been, defence sector is an excellent step to and still is a major challenge to the Make in India programme. encourage participation and growth of Indian SMEs. The public sector and defence services are sharing the challenges they The Indian SME, being a small and face with SMEs that provide for their resilient entity, is flexible and good enough participation in nation building. This gives to deliver the required solution. The sector definitive end use of national importance has contributed in the success of many and motivates the SMEs, which is a key step defence and industrial programmes over for business need. The different schemes for the years despite the statutory compliance funding without collaterals by banks are also requirements and funds required for proving to be very useful for Make in India sustained operations that were deemed programme. as hurdles for SME to venture into defence Expertise in robotics, autonomous programmes. machines, analytics and machine learning Government of India’s (GoI’s) Make for decision making are very useful for the in India policy, mandating public sectors operations as well as long-term support for and defence establishments to involve the the equipment. To build these, one other SMEs, has been responsible for the recent key resource is availability of talent. The spurt in the number of SMEs showing active participation by academia is essential. active interest to participate, innovate, Test facilities are another major need of and provide state-of-the art indigenised the hour to reduce timeline for completing solutions to the defence sector. India boasts are a whole lot of companies that have the projects and build reliable products of the highest number of start up companies leveraged their experience from other complying with the military standards. This in the world and has achieved big success sectors to build deep-tech solutions in will enable Indian companies to look as in the information/ communication sector. robotics, analytics and hardware for the international market as well. The Intellectual The start up scene in India is teeming defence sector. The transformation of the Property Rights (IPRs) to innovators and with many promising SMEs with innovative ecosystem for procurement by defence international market reach are other key ideas, products and solutions that have a through the use of Information Technology requirements for success of Make in India potential to propel the defence operations (IT) has brought greater transparency programme. and capabilities and predictive maintenance in dealings and ease of doing business. – The author is Managing Director & CEO, Sunlux of the systems to greater heights. There This has been the greatest enabler for Technovations Pvt. Ltd.

76 www.raksha-anirveda.com Goa Shipyard Ltd STRENGTHENING INDIA’S DEFENCE SINCE 1957

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GOA SHIPYARD LIMITED Contact :- [email protected], fpg_of[email protected] (Best Performing MoD Shipyard with fastest growth) RAKSHA A NIR VEDA VIEW POINT TRANSFORMING IDEAS INTO REALITY - BACK TO THE BASICS By ABHISHEK JAIN

TOO MANY IDEAS AND FAR TOO MANY PEOPLE

The minute you decide to become a defence company the first thing you do is to clamour for Government support. Unfortunately, even some of the older companies are relentlessly pursuing the Government for support (the startups are perennially whining). This means the focus shifted from ‘doing’ to ‘making policy’. It, however, had a good side effect too, some very good policies got made. Solution: Stop making policies and entertaining too many ideas. Let the forces give ideas FSAPDS Separation of products/requirements only. Thereafter industry must innovate ost of the people reading this article would relate to my experience within the bounds of that idea. And when I had just finished schooling and wanted to choose the branch no, it will not stymie the innovative in engineering. At that time the opinion of the lead sheep mattered. spirit, rather it will channelize it in A particular branch was desirable others were not. The example the proper direction. may have looked unrelated but I come to the first impediment for transforming ideas into reality, the presence of too many frivolous MISSING BUILDING BLOCKS AND ideas. Someone created an image that the big money lies in defence and suddenly everyone was trying to join the defence bandwagon. WRONG NOMENCLATURE M Prior experience, technical prowess or manpower training –nothing mattered. The idea was, I have money, I can do tie-ups and become a Products are developed on many defence supplier. building blocks or what are called as technology enablers. When I was

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MR. KNOW-ALL AND MR. DO-ALL This problem I am writing last as this is the biggest one. After the award of project suddenly the internal teams wake up and start claiming they are capable of doing everything and nothing should be outsourced. So from preliminary design, to critical design review, simulations, manufacturing and testing, the team thinks it can be and should be done in-house. This stems from two insecurities (i) What will I do (ii) Will he take away my IP (Intellectual Property). On the other side is the true Muzzle Blast of Artillery Gun “PRODUCTS ARE DEVELOPED ON MANY quite young, simulations were THE GOVERNMENT HELP BUILDING BLOCKS OR WHAT ARE CALLED AS the in-thing, the AI of today. We TECHNOLOGY ENABLERS. WHEN I WAS QUITE were under sanctions and could The government help is again YOUNG, SIMULATIONS WERE THE IN-THING, THE not buy those ‘hi-tech’ software. a big if/then/else statement. AI OF TODAY. WE WERE UNDER SANCTIONS AND The enabler at that time was Since, I have been part of many knowledge of supercomputers; of these meetings; I see the COULD NOT BUY THOSE ‘HI-TECH’ SOFTWARE. physics/maths and we were industry and especially the THE ENABLER AT THAT TIME WAS KNOWLEDGE really short of such manpower MSMEs/Start-Ups requesting OF SUPERCOMPUTERS; PHYSICS/MATHS AND and hardware. We spent a lot the government to tweak policy, WE WERE REALLY SHORT OF SUCH MANPOWER of effort and had partial success taxation and may be the entire AND HARDWARE” in a few oases but overall India constitution to suit them. This does not own a world-renowned results in more paperwork and blue marketing person, who is engineering simulation product no work. This perennial whining Mr. Know-All. He never says ‘no’ (blame me too). from industry in general and when there is an outsourcing The situation is same with MSMEs/Start-Ups in particular opportunity. Sometimes he is artificial intelligence, everyone makes the job of government successful and then puts his wishes to do it but does not purchaser tougher. technical team in a quandary. know where the data to train After reading many policy In both cases, we need to note the model will come from. The documents I feel that there are that we will compromise on rush for AI is not letting us only three things we should ask quality and price. We as an pause and think if we are really from the government if we need to industry need to have small geared up to apply AI or is it succeed in product development. centres of excellence for many even applicable in our problem. First and foremost is we need to subjects. Companies with core An even bigger problem is the cut time in executing everything. competencies come together to usage of wrong nomenclature. I Time is not a renewable quantity, realize a product. When Zeus have seen many a vendor who no way. If the files are always Numerix got the Lockheed Martin claims “I do high-end design” when traveling from one desk to Innovation medal 2007 they they are actually only making a another, products will never showed us a movie on how they drawing for someone else. Actual move. Second is the availability develop vendors, 1000s of them. design requires Know-Why, a of testing infrastructure. If it is Here, vendor is still a pejorative complex work. Simple regression available in the country, it should and we need to remedy this. is passed off as AI. Wrong be given and if it is not, it should be We do not need Mr. Know- nomenclature leads to a confusing made. Fortunately, this work has All as head of the product assessment of capabilities, failures started in earnest. Third, is project development; we need a Mr. and most of all distrust. monitoring and is elaborated later. Coordinate All.

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THE SOLUTION No article should end in only showing problems so here is my take in the order of importance. 1. We have fewer problems in India than we think they are. We must stop exaggerating our policy issues with the Government and stop solving those partially imaginary problems. 2. We need to focus on project monitoring. In my 200+ project experience, wherever the customer was literally chasing us, we did a much better job with negligible rework. In our Ship as seen on the Radar recent project with Navy the number of interactions made it possible to complete much of excruciating hurry or morbidly P stand for Physics and not policy. the work in time with requisite relaxed. This is the only way to weed out quality. We are the second 4. We must identify consortium the chaff from the grain. company in the world to do so. partners for product – The author is Vice President, Strategic 3. Basic metric of project success development. Someone we Partnership, Zeus Numerix Pvt Ltd. He should be TIME. We need can trust. Doing everything was one of the 10 innovators to meet US Defense Secretary, and is also a Winner of to start estimating time in-house is a recipe for failure. Lockheed Martin Innovation Award and better. We are either in an 5. Finally, let’s talk technical. Let the various other awards

RAKSHA A NIR VEDA EXPERIENCE

interacted with numerous people, companies, Israelis, Americans, and French who were active in THE JOURNEY OF A STARTUP IN the defence field with the hope of beginning a defence startup. The more I studied, the more I realised that the way products and INDIAN DEFENCE INDUSTRY especially systems are supplied to the forces, leaves a lot left to be There is a need to foster an environment where the startups are desired. And this has gotten even more shown intent and are encouraged to take risk, and this can only intense with geo-fencing products be done when the Army partners and shares the risk. In a nutshell, and data security issues with collaboration is the way forward foreign contactors. Thankfully at this juncture, I met By NIKHIL THARD a remarkable person with whom I set up my startup Kestrel LLP. We set out to solve four or five big nspiring men leave you with inspiring thoughts which linger on with you long issues which the Army was facing after you’ve met them. Last week I had the pleasure of being in the same room primarily in the fields of GIS, GPS, as Lt General Satish Dua, the architect of the Uri surgical strikes. His words IRNSS. We built some conceptual were, “in army there is no runner up. We don’t train to come second in a fight and a few real prototypes for because generally that person is dead”. Chillingly accurate words that got me minefield management system, thinking even deeper. situational awareness, course I correction Fuze for 155 mm Shells and CORS (continuously operating “WHEN EVERYTHING IS reference system). Building these IN SYNC, WHY IS THE tools and prototypes though all the IMPLEMENTATION SO founders working pro bono cost LAX? AND WHY ARE THE us close to 10 million rupees and a TIMELINES SO LONG? good 2.5 years. In this remarkable journey, I also BECAUSE THIS INEVITABLY met some very interesting soldiers LEADS TO COST ESCALATION. who were really eager to bring SOME OF US WILL EITHER technology into the Army, most NOT SURVIVE FINANCIALLY of these technologies were what OR MOST IMPORTANTLY they were using anyways on their TECHNOLOGY OBSOLESCE phones. Check the department, pick up the phone and call their Make in India has been one of TAKES OVER AND THEN WE board line and surprisingly 100 per the most phenomenal efforts by END UP SELLING SOMETHING cent of the time we were welcomed our great nation to make India self- WHICH MAY HAVE A LESSER with a lot of encouragement and reliant. More than just the factories OPERATIONAL LIFE” always given the audience from and products that we can build, the the relevant top stakeholder in a deeper intent is to foster pride in our matter of two or three meetings. own capability as Indians. I visited a factory in the outskirts It was remarkable the way the My own journey to serve our of Bangalore which was building forces have opened up to new forces started in January 2017 when components of the Bofors gun. I companies. This was all thanks to

82 www.raksha-anirveda.com www.raksha-anirveda.com the policies put together under “MY OWN JOURNEY TO SERVE OUR FORCES STARTED IN JANUARY Make in India and I am proud to be 2017 WHEN I VISITED A FACTORY IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF BANGALORE in a time where even the toughest organisation to crack into has WHICH WAS BUILDING COMPONENTS OF THE BOFORS GUN. I been made so accessible and the INTERACTED WITH NUMEROUS PEOPLE, COMPANIES, ISRAELIS, process so fair. AMERICANS, AND FRENCH WHO WERE ACTIVE IN THE DEFENCE FIELD WITH THE HOPE OF BEGINNING A DEFENCE STARTUP” THIS IS FOR ME THE HIGHLIGHT OF MAKE IN INDIA – NIKHIL THARD, CO-FOUNDER OF KESTREL LLP, BANGALORE

There is intent and all the to build solutions that work for procurement for fear of scrutiny. stakeholders want this to our forces. They know that the product and happen from top down. But So when everything is in sync, the team can do it (as they do their we are struggling. Some of the why is the implementation so homework really well) but they innovations that we offered lax? And why are the timelines can’t take the risk. This needs to are already getting obsolete so long? Because this inevitably change. This officer who is in the or there is a better solution leads to cost escalation. Some of us frontline interacting with startups/ available and the Army is still will either not survive financially vendors is the most important without a solution. Time and or most importantly technology asset for the forces in kicking off again we have demonstrated obsolesce takes over and then we this innovation. They need to put to various stakeholders that end up selling something which their weight behind him/ her. our team is capable of offering may have a lesser operational life. The processes of procurement system solutions which are Our forces don’t like to come has to be simplified, NCNC will not indigenous, technologically second so there has to be a shift in work with innovation. advanced, robust and which the thought process where there is Foster an environment where can bring down the total cost a risk taken knowingly well that the startups are shown intent and of ownership for the forces. We some of these people will fail, but are encouraged to take risk. This build our solutions using all the collectively what will come out can only be done when the Army partners and shares the risk. Collaboration is the way forward. I am committed, the innovation that we offered for the GBMRS (GPS/ GIS based minefield recording system) can help the forces save 250 crores and offers a solution MAKE IN INDIA which can help in demining the HAS BEEN ONE mines that we lay and are recorded OF THE MOST in the system, even taking care of PHENOMENAL mines which move. EFFORTS BY OUR This is just one patriot working GREAT NATION with dreams of serving the flag TO MAKE INDIA through what he knows best SELF-RELIANT. core technology in-house, using will be much larger. The cost of “Commerce or as we say Vyapaar.” MORE THAN COTS equipment and platforms not acting is that we end up with There are many waiting - just give JUST THE which are open source so that obsolete technology and at the us that space. FACTORIES AND PRODUCTS THAT there is no dependency on any mercy of foreign contractors. WE CAN BUILD, particular vendor (which has What I feel is required is to –The author is an entrepreneur and co-founder of Kestrel LLP, Bangalore. A THE DEEPER been the case for most of the empower the officers so that INTENT IS TO supply’s, we just don’t get after they can take more risks. Army proponent of innovation as a key in every company he has built in the last 20 years, FOSTER PRIDE sales and upgrades, everything Design Bureau can create a bridge he is currently pursuing empathy based IN OUR OWN costs a fortune). This is just not if required or any other external business models. CAPABILITY AS us, I have met many patriots who group in the Army. Most of the He can be contacted at: nikhil@ INDIANS want to help the nation and want officers don’t want to take risk with edificelabs.com

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n a new meaning to armed forces training without suffering casualties

directional, wireless and easy to use full body motion capture suit is theas in interface the current of the scenario, future, where ‘HoloSuit’, the clothing world’s is the first primary affordable, interact bi- to real and virtual world, say Harsha Kikkeri and Shweta who made it I four years ago. Harsha Kikkeri nine haptic feedbacks (four on jacket, three on pant, one on right HoloSuit is the platform compatible glove, and one on left with all scenarios. The training in VR glove) and eight button allows situational awareness by creating controls (four on jacket extreme environment navigation and two on each glove). scenarios and team work along with With technology immersive training by helping trainees becoming necessary for to walk through all stresses of parachute military effectiveness, the induction of new and With VR, virtual boot camps including emerging technologies jumps, fighter jets, submarines and tanks. It provides a full-immersion sensor like Virtual Reality (VR) and Motion realistic. The interactive 360-degree and feedback packed suit allowing Capture promises a qualitatively superior training,physical takesfitness the training training becomes to a new highly level. users to point, touch and feel 3D objects military force capable of addressing both HoloSuit offers an affordable and enabling a complete 4D immersive conventional and asymmetric threats experience. It has a wireless platform, risk-free. cloud-connected and comes with a According to 2011 statistics, India disposalreadily availabletraining, wayhostage to rescuebring fieldand software development kit (SDK) that loses 1,600 military personnel without roommedicine, clearance live firescenarios combat, withoutbomb provides developers the tools to create even going to war, and HoloSuit with risking the lives of the soldiers. Training rich interactive XR experiences working VR provides the ideal solution to safe for neutralising explosive substances on all Windows, Android and iOS devices, and controlled training to the military with HoloSuit, allows personnel and AR/VR/ MR peripherals like Vive, Oculus, personnel and police force. technicians to practice and learn about HoloLens, Magic Leap, and Gear VR. Simulations of reality are essential for the various types of explosives and be It can be utilised for real-life, mission- military as there cannot be ‘on the job’ prepared under safe conditions. The critical situations such as education, training as far as warfare is concerned. instructors can assess the current level of neuro-rehab, combat training, surgery preparation of trainees. The technology life mental and physical challenges to also allows testing system designs Some of its major features are its Beingmilitary difficult personnel, to demonstrateHoloSuit provides real- without building the prototype. 40and embedded even filmmaking. sensors and nine haptic a system wherein military operations feedback devices dispersed across can be performed on a simulated that HoloSuit allows the user to become system and demonstrate the effects in partIn ofthe the final simulated analysis worldit can therebybe said embedded buttons. It has Bluetooth real-time carrying out risky and tricky bridging the gap between virtual and andboth Wi-Fiarms, legs,connectivity and all 10not fingers restricting with manoeuvres, which are challenging to real world. HoloSuit military training the user to be indoors. USB connectivity perform in real life on real equipment. platform gives the brain experience of is also supported. It has nine motion The goal is to simulate a condition the the actual problem and stress, which sensors on jacket including head tracking, Army might someday face on any terrain. seven motion sensors on pant including the response which is used for further foot tracking, and 24 motion sensors on analysisdrive the to reflex come actionout with and a newer capturing and gloves (12 on each glove). The suit has vehicleBe it simulation ground, air and or virtualnavy, for boot flight camps, and advanced solution. battlefield simulations, medical training,

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RAKSHA A NIR VEDA TACTICAL COMMUNICATION

5G: CHOICE OF INDIA IN POST WEST WORLD ORDER

India has no choice but to align herself with the Post- The rapid advancement of China West order. Permitting Huawei equipment to be used has ushered in a new world order by telecom service provider in the 5G trials is just the ‘Post West’. Bipolar and Unipolar world is a world order of the past. beginning, and keeping it out of Indian 5G infrastructure People’s Liberation Army (PLA) will not be possible way back since late 90s has a stated policy of Asymmetric Warfare in Technology. The governing factor By MAJ GEN LAV BIKRAM CHAND (RETD) in PLA adopting this strategy was – “PRC (People’s Republic of China) would never be able to match the he world of AI, Autonomous Vehicles, Virtual Reality, Data technological advancement of Aware Networks, IoT, M2M, Tele-Medicine and Remote Surgery, the combined West. The strategic Robotics, Future Networks and….. is a reality. 5G standards opportunity offered by this threat have been formulated by International Telecommunication was to exploit “The Western World Union (ITU) keeping all these applications in mind. Welcome to becoming a slave of technology”. T the world of 5G!! If their Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

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infrastructure could be crippled, factors for all telecommunication for the moment. Extract of GoI 5G WILL ENABLE the nation state could be brought giants in India pending their 5G Press release (Indian Express A HOST OF NEW to a grinding halt. The emergence partnership decision till GoI cleared 31st Dec 2019) stated – “The TECHNOLOGIES of Hacker’s brigade, supply chain their stand on Huawei participation. government has decided to give all THAT WILL infection, technology espionage by In my opinion Statement of Ravi telecom operators and equipment CHANGE THE Chinese sympathisers etc. was all Shankar Prasad, Union Minister of manufacturers, including Chinese STANDARD OF off-shoots of this strategy. Communications and Electronics giant Huawei, clearance to start PUBLIC AND PLA’s Asymmetric Warfare and Information Technology trials for 5G services in the country. PRIVATE SECTOR in technology strategy has now permitting participation of Huawei Speaking at an event Monday (30th started to impact the West. US in 5G trials is a balancing act to Dec 2019), Telecom Minister Ravi OPERATIONS, President Donald Trump’s open keep both US and China at bay Shankar Prasad said: “We have FROM threat to its allies and taken the decision to give AUTONOMOUS business partners to ban 5G spectrum for trial to VEHICLES TO Huawei and other Chinese all the players. The in- SMART CITIES, companies in ICT or else principle decision has been VIRTUAL REALITY, face degradation of their taken.” AND BATTLE favoured nation status Is US sabre-rattling NETWORKS explicates the success when they raise the of this strategy of PLA. issue of national security India is a huge market and the deliberate of International Mobile injection of malware Telecommunications. One and vulnerabilities by can accurately assume Huawei and other Chinese that, banning of Huawei companies? The sequence in Indian trials and roll of events leading to US out in IMT 2020 (5G) was decision to ban Lenovo, discussed at a high level Huawei gives credibility to (Trump and Modi) during their decision. It compels Indian PM’s visit to US in other countries to pause September 2019. The same and ponder. In the current must have been discussed competitive world with during the Visit of Chinese President to India in October 2019. Ironically, China has now become a victim of its own Asymmetric Technology Warfare – the world looks at Chinese products with suspicion. Technology leader, in today’s commercial world, cannot propagate a strategy of Asymmetric Technology Warfare. permitting Huawei 5G products in theThe 5Gflip-flop trials inof India banning is a clearand indication of decision dilemma on the part of Ministry of Communications. Cellular Operators Association of India (COAI) too was pressing the Government of India to clear its stand on the Huawei issue. One can assess the powerful impact of Post West (China), on 5G in particular and overall ICT, from (Top) Prime Minister Narendra Modi with Chinese President Xi Jinping; (Below) Union Minister of the fact that one of the governing Communications & IT Ravi Shankar Prasad

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US having already lost the race in 4Geco-system to China and in all certainty, they are going to lose the 5G race too. This statement may sou nd to be an anti-US and biased statement, but let me elucidate certain facts and I leave it to the esteemed readers to decide:

Spectrum Constraint: 5G ecosystem is evolving in 3 - 4 GHz band; popularly known as the Sub- 6 band and >30 Ghz Band (~28 GHz – 300 GHz) popularly known as US President Donald mmWave band. Both of these bands Trump speaking have respective advantages and about 5G corresponding disadvantages, which are governed by the accompanied by substantial laws of physics and hence job creation and leadership in not alterable. Sub-6 has the technology innovations. First advantage of larger ranges and movers also set standards thus larger cell size. mmWave and practices that were band, on the other hand has then adopted by subsequent an advantage of miniature entrants. Conversely, countries equipment, larger band width that fell behind in previous but a major disadvantage of wireless generation shifts were very small cell size. To cover an obligated to adopt the standards, area mmWave would require technologies, and architectures considerably large number of Magnetic Spectrum handicap of of the leading country and missed resultant towers, eNodes. Thus, it is US and recommends that Federal out on a generation of wireless a certainty that in the initial stages Communication Commission (FCC) capabilities and market potential.” of 5G roll out, mm band will be and National Telecommunication India will have to follow the leader disadvantaged by extremely higher and Information Administration and the First Movers. Choice of 5G is MINISTRY OF CAPEX in comparison to Sub-6 band (NTIA) should consider it a top crystal clear. DEFENCE NEEDS roll out. Unfortunately for US the priority to vacate Sub-6 band for TO CARRY OUT entire Sub-6 spectrum is occupied 5G roll out. Security Constraints: A STUDY BY and owned by Federal Forces. Due Supply Chain Management: A TEAM OF to the non-availability of even the Why 5G?: The term “5G” refers US raised a big hula bulla over EXPERTS TO mandatory 250 MHz in 3 – 4 GHz the national security issues PONDER OVER EM Spectrum band US’s focus wireless networks and technology arising due to Huawei being INDUCTION OF was in developing 5G in mmWave tothat the will oncoming produce fifth a generationstep-change of caught red handed in industrial 5G V/S LTE/ 4G. band. The only other country that improvement in data speed, volume, espionage and the Lenovo case of OVER CAUTION ventured into mmWave band was and latency (delay in data transfer) intentionally preloading malwares IN CONSIDERING Japan. Rest of the world focused on over fourth generation (4G and 4G in their computers. But again, US 5G BECAUSE IT IS developing 5G ecosystem in Sub-6 LTE) networks. 5G will enable a host too is notorious for its spying/ NOT A MATURE band. And in Post-west, China has of new technologies that will change surveillance on foreign country TECHNOLOGY no competitor other than US. US the standard of public and private leaders, diplomats, public under AND GOING has already lost the race of 5G even sector operations, from autonomous their PRISM under FISA 2008 FOR LTE WOULD before it commenced. The detailed vehicles to smart cities, virtual (Foreign Intelligence Surveillance RESULT IN report by Defense Innovation Board reality, and battle networks. As per Act). Every country holds their PREMATURE (DIB) of US titled “5G Eco System: the DIB Report of US – “Historical national interest and national TECHNOLOGY Risks and Opportunities for DoD” shifts between wireless generations security foremost. So, even if OBSOLESCENCE of Apr 2019 very categorically India imports from any foreign acknowledges the Electro stands to gain billions in revenue country friend or geo-strategic suggest that the first-mover country

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adversary, there exists the risk understand the content of any given of supply chain infestation. In build and its ability to perform true today’s geo-political situation, the 5G WORLD SCENARIO risk of Supply Chain infection in Considering that it can be accurately Chinese products is considerably rootconcerns cause analysisabout ofvulnerability identified deduced that:- higher and has to be banned for managementissues. This in theraises long-term; significant defence use. With China’s vision of becoming numero uno economic component management is power, China cannot afford to lose • defectiveThat leadingHuawei’s to softwarehigher trust of client nations because of its practiced Asymmetric Technology risk of unsupportable software, Warfare through supply chain vulnerabilitythe general software rates and engineering significant infestation. Economic fallout and and cyber security quality of the loss of business will compel China product continues to demonstrate to mend its ways and build trust in Supply Chain Purity. Hacking, defects. on the other hand, falls in grey a significant number of major • US, though a prime technology giant, is lagging zone and will be adopted by China. behind in the 5G race. China is in the lead. However, the prevailing situation • riskThe manage Oversight future Board products advises in that the in European continent is at a slight itcontext will be of difficult UK deployments, to appropriately until • Huawei, despite the US Ban would be driving variance to our Ban China Product Huawei’s software engineering the 5G ecosystem. Sub-6 band is the preferred in Telecommunication Network. and cyber security processes are Spectrum for 5G. Accordingly, 5G ecosystem Huawei is the principal OEM of remediated. The Oversight Board would be first developed in Sub-6 band. British Telecommunications. currently has not seen anything • India has no choice but to align herself with the Considering the security risks, Her Post-West order. Permitting Huawei equipment Majesty’s Government (HMG) has ability to bring about change via to be used by telecom service provider in entered into a very detailed MoU itsto transformationgive it confidence programme in Huawei’s and the 5G trials is just the beginning. Keeping with Huawei. The contract is being will require sustained evidence of Huawei out of Indian 5G infrastructure will overseen by National Cyber Security better software engineering and not be possible. Considering the wide range Centre (NCSC), Government of application of 5G services in day to day life Communication Headquarters HCSEC and NCSC. (Private, Public and Commerce) it is Important (GCHQ). Under this MoU, Huawei cyberIt issecurity a reality quality in telecommu- verified by for India to prepare herself in supply chain Cyber Security Evaluation Centre nication and IT that, even the management of 5G. UK model is worth a study (HCSEC) Oversight Board has been equipment manufactured in and adaptation with appropriate customisation. jointly setup. HCSEC Oversight Western countries will have the • GoI needs to face the reality of 5G head Committee under GCHQ carrier primary and core components on. There is a need to carry out a detailed out annual audit of HCSEC; one of manufactured in western study by a world class agency like E&Y, PwC, the important aspect of the audit countries. But, peripheral McKinsey addressing all the issues of spectrum is ensuring that the HCSEC is components and even the PCBs allocation, vacation of spectrum, security Assurance of Total Independence are most likely to be of Post West audit, supply chain management, phases of roll origin (mainly China and Taiwan). out to replace 2G and 3G (Both are now dead Huawei or industry. The facility has Despite all the procedures put in world over). of HCSEC and no influence/ bias of been set up in 2010 at a cost of $2 place by NCSC of HMG, the assurance • Ministry of Defence too needs to carry out levels still remain an issue. GoI has a study by a team of experts to ponder over no plans to face address the supply induction of 5G v/s LTE/ 4G. Over caution in billion over five years. HCSEC has it clearly emerges that (quote):- chain risks in 5G. Banning Chines considering 5G, because it is not a mature submitted five annual reports and technology and going for LTE would result in the Huawei equipment can not be by OEMs of friendly country is an premature technology obsolescence. • attributedThe vulnerabilities to intentional observed action byin equipmentostrich approach. or self-certification the company; – The author is a retired Indian • Most importantly, China has too much to lose if Army officer from Signals. He has vast supply chain infection is found in its products. end integrity of the products as experience in design and rollout of ICT China has to mend its ways if it wants to be the delivered• There by remainsHuawei andno end-to-limited Communication Infrastructure both leader in 5G ecosystem. Strategic and Tactical. confidence on Huawei’s ability to RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 89 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA INSIGHT

ROLE OF GIS IN NATIONAL SECURITY IS UBIQUITOUS The utility of GIS services in strategic realm, especially in the defence sector are multitudinous. The monitoring of border and related security aspects, regions of inﬂuence in the country’s vicinity, have become an imperative, and thus role of GIS in national security has become ubiquitous

By AMIT MUKHERJEE

eospatial technologies have become synonymous with their type of information and application in all aspects of national resource management. It analysis that may be required is thus a foregone conclusion that its usefulness in aspects of to keep a constant watch national security is ubiquitous, essential and that it shall evolve, is facilitated by geospatial both intrinsically, through the manifests of various disciplines systems especially where that engages its usage, and also explicitly where design and movement of forces or development of GIS products and processes are specifically strategic equipment is created for the purpose of national security. involved. Geospatial G technologies help manage issues related to territorial disputes. The disputes Geographic Information information security, related to land and water System (GIS) finds its utility food and health security, resources specially when an in both traditional and non- environmental security, cyber international river or water traditional aspects of national security, find their stakes body is concerned the role of security. better managed and protected GIS becomes an omnipotent These include elements using geospatial systems. tool for mapping all aspects of from the realm of military GIS services in strategic geopolitical play in that area. and sovereign interests to realm especially in the defence Due to rapid advancement the recent rise in addressing sector are multitudinous. in Revolution in Military aspects of human security and The monitoring of border Affairs (RMA) there is a elements of nation building. and related security aspects, tremendous reduction in Resource security, economic regions of influence in the reaction time in the battlefield security, border management, vicinity has become an events. With these rapid disaster management and imperative. To manage the changes in the way warfare is mitigation, energy security, increase in the amount and evolving, both in tactics and

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Spectral signature and 3D

methods, makes availability the ultimate decision maker. RESOURCE SECURITY, ECONOMIC SECURITY, BORDER of processed information a Results based on complex MANAGEMENT, DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND vital necessity. Asymmetrical analysis should be within MITIGATION, ENERGY SECURITY, INFORMATION warfare is fusing with reach for most automation hybrid warfare making the and AI based GIS systems SECURITY, FOOD AND HEALTH SECURITY, battlefield a complex mesh within the next decade. ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY, CYBER SECURITY, FIND of unknowns and rapid Critical infrastructure THEIR STAKES BETTER MANAGED AND PROTECTED dynamic developments. To like government facilities, USING GEOSPATIAL SYSTEMS counter such fluidity, GIS hospitals, transportations enabled systems can provide control centers, economic information and analysis hotspots, nuclear facilities Non-traditional areas of that can reduce time cycle in and major transport links security such as food, health, higher decision making. and networks need active environment, national Application wise, strategic monitoring and response resources, have become as or military use will become drills. Identification of important as traditional mostly automated. Although hazardous zones, coastal elements of security because the big debate on who areas with vulnerability of of the vulnerabilities that should control the future of floods and cyclones, landslide they pose, and intrinsically Artificial Intelligence (AI) is prone areas and forest fire are embedded in the realm still hung between man and some of the areas that are, and of national security. Such machine, several renowned can be better served during an vulnerabilities that can be technologists have already emergency with GIS enabled caused due to inadequate indicated that man should be systems and processes. or unavailability of critical

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 91 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA INSIGHT

INDIA’S RAPID GROWTH AND RESOURCE CONSUMPTION base about national resources, goals. To make GIS data more WILL REQUIRE IT TO BE BETTER MANAGED FOR PROPER a model for collection, accessible the NSDI has laid DISTRIBUTION. GIS HAS THE POTENTIAL TO DELIVER processing and dissemination out its framework based on SAFETY AND SECURITY AT AN INDIVIDUAL LEVEL, FOR is required. These processes OGC standards. All databases ELEMENTS OF HUMAN SECURITY. THIS PROCESS IS ALSO are now being provided by and information infrastructure NOT A FAR-AWAY VISION polices and regulating bodies. related to non-traditional areas The national spatial data of security mentioned above infrastructure with its updated will gradually form under the resources can be exploited version ‘NSDI v2’ under the guidelines of the NSDI. for damaging national present government has laid In the rising threat of interest. India’s rapid growth out the aims and objectives terrorism, GIS has decisive and resource consumption for managing national spatial role to play when combined will require it to be better data infrastructure to be used with the technological managed for proper for all aspects of mapping forerunners like Artificial distribution. GIS has the and geospatial analysis. It has Intelligence. GIS and remote potential to deliver safety laid out the five domains for sensing technologies have also and security at an individual achieving the overall objective come to the area terrorism. level, for elements of human of economic growth. These The methods generally security. This process is also include governance, data, include data collection via not a far-away vision. access, interoperability and monitoring and surveillance, To create an information product space, as strategic risk assessment of target

Overlay and Coverage

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LULC

IMAGE SOURCE: SGL IGIS-MADE IN INDIA GIS SOFTWARE location and carrying out THE INCLUSION OF ARTIFICIAL complex. To address this target identification, INTELLIGENCE IN GIS IS interoperability will become response measures, and MAKING PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS paramount. Location based prediction. The inclusion services are already intelligent of Artificial Intelligence in A LEADING AREA OF GIS enough to show shortest path GIS is making predictive APPLICATION IN COUNTER and least cost path analysis in analysis a leading area of TERRORISM METHODOLOGY. THE our ubiquitous travel and taxi GIS application in counter CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCH AN services and so much more. terrorism methodology. The ACTIVITY USUALLY ENTAILS AN Major area of development characteristics of such an AMALGAMATION OF VARIOUS in the future will be portable activity usually entails an platforms of GIS services amalgamation of various PROCESSES, WHICH INCLUDE and features. Though much processes. These include STEPS FROM SURVEILLANCE TO has become mobile, major steps from surveillance to ANALYSIS WITH GIS. IT PROVIDES functions are still in the analysis with GIS. It provides FOR AN ENHANCED SITUATIONAL process of converting to for an enhanced situational AWARENESS SYSTEM become mobile. So while awareness system. GIS development moves GIS systems are under into the system. Another from stand-alone systems a parabolic rise that new avenue for development is to distributed systems technologies find themselves interoperability will become to integrated systems in in. The rapid developments open ended and open the horizontal hierarchy in computer sciences and access at a later stage of it is also moving towards artificial intelligence are development. Given that GIS platform independence and transforming how GIS will has an all permeating ability mobility. evolve as smart and fully to integrate with all walks - The writer is Assistant Professor at automated systems for of life, the data sources will the National Institute of Advanced higher decision making. become multitudinous. As Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bangalore and works in Its sub processes will such data conversion and data the area of ‘Application of GIS for also see automation built type accessibility will become Strategic and Security Studies’.

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 93 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA DEFENCE TECH SUMMIT 2020 DEFENCE TECH SUMMIT 2020 IN LINE WITH GOVERNMENT’S POLICY OF MAKE IN INDIA The initiative by IIT – Madras students to organise the Defence Tech Summit 2020 along with their annual fest Shaastra was a huge success. The summit make inroads into the young minds, igniting the innovative spark in them and motivated them to actively participate in the Indian Government’s Make in India initiative with long term vision and impact

By PK GHOSH

hennai. Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM) in association session on counter terrorism with India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) by former Chief of Integrated organised three day ‘Defence Tech Summit 2020’ from January 3-5. A Defence Staff and brain behind part of IIT-M annual fest ‘Shaastra’, Defence Tech Summit 2020 brought the surgical strikes of 2016 industry, Defence Public Sector Units (DPSUs), academia together to Lt Gen Satish Dua were the deliberate upon the current industry requirements and how to make major highlights of the three day India a defence manufacturing and export hub while working in line Summit. C with the Government policy of Make in India and indigenisation. Lt Gen Dua, speaking on the occasion, said: “Technology must be embraced, and the integration The IITM-led festival delivered by professionals from of disruptive technologies and ‘Shaastra’ has been growing in the field of defence technology counter-terrorism initiatives is size, substance and stature over and Government officials. A the need of the hour.” the last two and a half decades lecture demonstration on Day one of the Summit began of its inception. Shaastra has BrahMos Missile by Dr Sudhir with a discussion on “The the distinction of being the Mishra; insights on War-Games Defence Start-up Ecosystem in first student managed technical Simulations by Dr Chitra India – The Way Forward,” in festival in the nation and the Rajagopal, Director General which professionals from start- Summit provided exposure (SAM), DRDO; an interactive ups and government officials to the participants on how technology has become the key to nation’s defence forces. A Defence exhibition was “Technology must be also organised on this occasion embraced, and which gave the participants an the integration opportunity to interact with of disruptive the companies which have technologies been playing a major role in the and counter- defence sector. Not only this, it terrorism was also the opportunity for initiatives is the companies to attract bright the need of the young minds into their fold. hour” The Summit comprised of three days of panel discussions Lt Gen Satish Dua, and the defence exhibition. Former Chief of Integrated Defence It also featured a series of Former DRDO Chief and Niti Aayog member VK Saraswat visiting def exhibition during Staff lectures and demonstrations Defence Tech Summit 2020

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purpose of armies to keep them at bay. Thus, counter- The Defence terrorism is a major component Exhibition of defence and any manner in which technology can augment On display during the battle against terror will go the defence expo (Exhibition) a long way in the protection of were products of the country. nascent defence Lt Gen PR Shankar, Head, technology start- Defence and Aerospace, IITM, ups, established in his concluding remarks said manufacturers From left to right: BrahMos chief Dr Sudhir Mishra, Sameer Joshi, Director, Newspace and the military. that there is a deep connect It provided Research and Technologies and Lt General PR Shankar (Retd), head, Aerospace and between the battlefield and Defence, IIT Madras exposure to the technology. “The requirement participants of from the Ministry of Defence in the defence sector and future of new technology comes from both Summit and covered all aspects with a view to conflicts having less human the battlefield and vice-versa,” Shaastra alike in the Defence present a complete dissertation participation, “The Importance he observed. Technology space of the current state of defence of UAVs in A Modern Defence As part of the Summit, the and gave access manufacturing in India. System” was another area of participants were also given to a large number From the Government and focus during the Summit. the opportunity to deal with, of people. industry side, the Summit had The day two session focussed ideate upon and find solutions The participants the panelists as Sanjay Jaju, Joint on countering the growing to a problem statement based got an opportunity Secretary, Defence Industries menace of terrorism and on real time problems faced in to gain rst- Production, MoD; JD Patil, included Soldier Tech where the the defence industry through a hand knowledge Director and Senior Executive participants of the Summit gave case study competition. of various Vice President, L&T Defence a special access and tour of the Organising Defence Tech products in the defence industry and Sameer Joshi, Director, defence expo which witnessed Summit 2020, the initiative by IIT and provided Newspace Research and participation from DRDO, Madras students and Shaastra, networking Technologies to have discussion BrahMos Aerospace, Indian was a significant step in the right platform for on “Defence Manufacturing Armed Forces, Data Patterns, direction to have a long term nascent start-ups Through the Years.” MEL Systems and Services, impact while creating positive to obtain mentors and inspire The discussion also highlighted HoloSuit, Aerospace Engineers, vibes among the aspiring minds college students the manner in which start-ups Newspace R&T, Aadyah and motivate them to be a part of to join the can supplement established Aerospace, Accord Software, the Indian Government’s Make defence sector companies in the defence Rodella Technologies etc. in India initiative. It also inspired and provide them sector, and the method in With increasing terror threat them to contribute effectively with internships opportunities. which Government policies can to nations in the current century, to realise India’s long cherished be framed so as to encourage the role of the armed forces to goal of self-reliance through start-ups. With technology tackle this menace has been indigenous manufacturing and gaining immense importance growing making the primary emerging as an export hub.

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 95 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA GUEST COLUMN

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF DEFENCE IS AT ITS CORE IN DEFEXPO 2020 There is a need to have a forum where the services come together with the industry, academia and other experts on a continuous basis to remain abreast of the latest AMIT COWSHISH developments in the area of digital technology

igital transformation defence. There are several other its very nature, the process of of defence is the challenges which will require digital transformation is very theme of the attention after the razzmatazz slow. According to the Industry DefExpo 2020 being of the exhibition is over. Digitisation Index compiled by D held at Lucknow To begin with, the concept of the McKinsey Global Institute from February 5 to digital transformation itself is a in 2016, Europe and the United 8. No one can seriously question bit fuzzy. There is no standard States were operating at 12 the need for digitisation, but and universally applicable and 18 per cent respectively of what precisely it entails and definition of the term, much less their digital potential. There is how the defence exhibition will a clearly defined path to achieve no indication of an exponential provide a leg up to this process it. In general, however, one could increase in these figures since remains a bit of puzzle. say that digital transformation then. According to the promotional of defence implies integration Considering that these e-book released by the Ministry of digital technology into industrially advanced countries of Defence (MoD), the event military functions and are operating at such a low will bring together the defence defence production with level of digitisation, there SERVICES ARE companies and the civil and a view to optimising their is no reason to believe that military bureaucracies ‘to efficiency and utility. REQUIRED TO India is somehow lagging address common concerns and But is such FACTOR IN in this race, although the to not only establish India as a transformation not LATEST DIGITAL process could possibly be defence manufacturing hub but already underway? TECHNOLOGIES hastened. This will require to bolster the global ecosystem’. Surely, it is. The services AVAILABLE IN identification of the factors But what are those common and the defence industry that impinge on digital GLOBAL MARKET. concerns, especially in the have made significant transformation and dealing context of digital transformation strides in digital DEFEXPO COULD with them in a concerted of defence? The e-book answers transformation, ranging ARGUABLY manner. Four such factors this question by saying that from network centric HELP THEM come to mind immediately. the exhibition ‘will focus on military operations to IN GETTING First, with digital bringing to the forefront digital introduction of artificial ACQUAINTED transformation being the advances in the industry and intelligence in defence goal, a roadmap is required WITH provide a platform for drivers production. Most of the that clearly specifies that of such transformation to come platforms and myriad DEVELOPMENT IN are the specific objectives together’. equipment used by the DIGI- TECH, BUT to be achieved and how. This is important, but it is the services are heavily SUCH ONE-OFF There are three streams least of all the hurdles that need digitised. EVENTS ARE NOT through which digitisation to be overcome to bring about It must, however, be ENOUGH enters into the field of any digital transformation in acknowledged that, by military operations and

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defence production. One, at the time of formulation of the qualitative requirements (QRs). Two, at the time of upgradation of the in-service equipment. And three, independent of these two streams, when a new digital technology manifests itself in the market whose integration with the existing systems could make them more efficient. The services are required to factor in the latest digital technologies available in the global market or which could be developed by the Indian industry while formulating the QRs at the time of initial procurement and upgradation. DefExpo could arguably help them in getting acquainted with the latest development in digital technology, but such one-off Development Organisation for this purpose. The DRDO has events are not enough. There (DRDO) through its Defence its own manual which, even if it is is a need to have a forum where Technology Fund, and by the transformation-friendly, can only the services come together with individual services through facilitate development of newer the industry, academia and their respective Directorates of digital technologies. Ultimately, other experts on a continuous Indigenisation. it is the capital and revenue basis to remain abreast of the In fact, every Defence Public procurement procedures which latest developments. Sector Undertaking and the must have provisions that enable Second, as of now there is Ordnance Factory Board also adoption and integration of no overarching entity seem to be pursuing their digital technologies. which owns the process own respective goals. It goes The real procedural challenge of digital transformation, without saying that there is is to enable incorporation of which is inevitably a need for synergising these newer technologies, as and linked with research and efforts and creating an when these are developed, in THERE IS A NEED development, innovation, overarching organisation the equipment and platforms indigenisation and FOR SYNERGISING to steer the process. The already in use by the services. indeed the entire gamut THE EFFORTS Ministry of Defence (MoD) Fourth, the defence companies of activities related to TAKEN BY DDP, would do well to consider can rise to the occasion only if defence production. the recommendation made there is a reasonable assurance DIO, DRDO AND While the Department by the committee it had of suitable returns on their of Defence Production SUCH OTHER constituted in 2016 to set investment. This depends not (DDP) is steering digital ORGANISATIONS up a Defence Acquisition just on the MoD’s ability to fund transformation through AND CREATING Organisation which could development of technologies, Innovation for Defence assume this responsibility, but also on its capacity to buying AN OVERARCHING Excellence (iDEX) which among many others. the developed products. This is funded and managed by ORGANISATION Third, there is a need is the most critical factor in a not-for-profit company TO STEER THE to examine whether the digital transformation with called the Defence PROCESS existing procedures are the budget outlay becoming Innovation Organisation commensurate with the more and more problematic by (DIO), similar efforts need to promote digital the year. are being made by the transformation. The DDP – The author is Ex-Financial Advisor Defence Research and has no laid down procedure (Acquisition), Ministry of Defence

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 97 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA DEFEXPO 2020: INTERVIEW BEL IDENTIFIES EXPORTS, OFFSETS AS THRUST AREAS; DRAWS PLANS TO OFFER SELECT PRODUCTS TO EXPORT MARKETS: ANANDI RAMALINGAM

systems and professional electronic components. BEL will also showcase its R&D capabilities by launching/demonstrating some of its new products / technologies. BEL’s display in the area of Radar will include products/models/ panels of Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) Radar, Radar for Quick Reaction Surface- to-Air Missile (QRSAM), Radars for automatic detection of first- round location of artillery weapons (Weapon Locating Radar) and Border surveillance and Detection of low flying targets (like Battlefield Surveillance Radar and Air Defence Fire Control Radar - Atulya). BEL’s display in the area of Military Communication will include products such as Software Defined Radios, Single Box Communication Solution, nandi Ramalingam as Director (Marketing) has been instrumental in growing Secure Versatile IP Terminal, BEL’s order book significantly. She joined BEL-Bangalore in 1985 and has gained Cyber Security products/services, diverse experience in equipment testing working across various domains of military Encryptors, High Capacity Radio communication and was part of the team that set up the Marketing Division for the Relay, Data Diode used to create Military Communication & Electronic Warfare SBU at Bangalore Complex. She is an a physically secure one-way A Engineering graduate specializing in Electronics and Communication Engineering communication channel from one from the PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore.. network to another, SDR VPX with In an interview with Raksha Anirveda, she dealt in details on BEL’s marketing, NCW Applications, Configurable exports and offsets plans. An excerpt: Live Mk II, etc. Electronic warfare and avionic products on display will include What products and systems Missile Systems, Naval Systems, C4I Tethered UAV, EW Suite for BEL will be showcasing at Systems, Electronic Warfare Systems, Airborne Application, Quadcopter DEFEXPO 2020? Avionics, Anti-Submarine Warfare UAV, Drone Guard System, Directed At DefExpo 2020, BEL will Systems, Tank Electronics, Electro Infra-Red Counter Measure showcase state-of-the-art Optics, Gun/Weapon System (DIRCM), Combined Interrogator products and systems spanning every Upgrades, Shelters, Unmanned and Transponder (CIT), CLIFF, EOS domain of its business – Military Systems, Homeland Security, Cyber CoMPASS, etc. Communication, Radar Systems, Security, Artificial Intelligence based Also on display will be the

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complete range of Electro Optics, such as Holographic Sight, TI Sights, Image Intensifier based Passive Night Sight, Target Acquisition System, Day Night Sights for Tanks, LRF Modules, Pan & Tilt – Electro Optical Director for long range surveillance applications like coastal surveillance, border surveillance, etc. BEL will showcase its Naval Systems capability through Dipping Sonar, Airborne Sonar, Ship Communication Systems and Long Range Surface-to-Air Missile system. Components/Technology modules on display will include TR modules (X band and C band Quad) for Radar application, Smart cards, MPM / TWT Transmitter, Low Band receiver Modules, LTCC substrates / MMR Chips, Solar Products, Electric Batteries for two / three Wheelers, Electronic Fuses Atulya Radar - from-BEL for Artillery, etc. Other Innovative solutions and Missile Containers, Indigenous Fire business. Having established a Artificial Intelligence systems on Control System, Advanced Landing Coastal Surveillance System (CSS) BEL IS GIVING display will be Face Recognition Ground Communication Terminal for a few neighbouring countries, INCREASED System, Social Network Analysis, (ALG-CT) and Air Defence Tactical BEL is interacting with Ministry of THRUST TO Software based Record and Replay Control Radar (ADTCR). The entire External Affairs for supply of CSS to HARNESSING System, Video Management set of state-of-art equipment on other friendly countries. BEL is also System, Ytterbium Fibre Laser, offer will be a force multiplier for exploring civil markets for smart THE EXPORT Power Amplifier for sonar any defence force. cities, solar power generation, POTENTIAL OF application, LTE- Secure Mobile, etc, in developing and third world ITS PRODUCTS Machine Intelligence & Robotic How do you plan to increase countries. AND SYSTEMS Unmanned Ground Vehicles, Radar BEL’s exports? BEL is focusing on addressing INCLUDING Pulse De Interleaver, Digital Pre- The Government is offset obligations in various RFPs HOMELAND distortion for Linearization of encouraging defence exports of the Ministry of Defence (MoD), Power Amplifier, Electronics through many policy initiatives and on account of the offset policy SECURITY Target Systems, Decision Support has set a target of Rs 35,000 crore incorporated in the Defence SOLUTIONS, Systems for Coastal Surveillance by 2024-25. BEL has identified Procurement Procedure (DPP). BORDER System, Imagery Solution, exports and offsets as one of its BEL has identified contract PROTECTION Automatic Train Supervisory thrust areas and has drawn up manufacturing (build to print and SYSTEMS AND System, Comprehensive Integrated plans to offer its select products build to spec) for foreign Original STATE-OF-THE- Border Management System, and systems to various export Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) Speech to Text Technology, markets. and partnerships in the form of ART SYSTEMS Smart City Solutions, Space-based BEL is giving increased Transfer of Technology (ToT) of AND SOLUTIONS products, etc. thrust to harnessing the export the latest systems and solutions WHICH The highlight of BEL’s outdoor potential of its products and as areas of emerging export REPRESENT ITS display will be the Weapon systems including Homeland opportunities. Efforts are also on CORE AREAS OF Locating Radar – Mountain Security solutions, Border to establish long term supply chain BUSINESS Version, KU Band SATCOM – Protection systems and state- relationship with global players. vehicle based; X-PAR Compact of-the-art systems and solutions In a bid to develop new markets version, High Altitude Shelters, which represent its core areas of in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR),

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spin-off technology products. Some of the areas BEL has already diversified into are Homeland Security and Smart City, Electronic Ammunition Fuzes, Composites, Energy Storage Systems, RF Seekers, Imaging Infra-Red (IIR) Seekers, Real Time Information System for Railways, Automatic Fare Collection Gating System for Metro rail, Intelligent Traffic Management System, Satellite Integration, Cyber Security, Unmanned Systems, Composites and Solar Power Plants. Other areas of focus include Next Generation Indigenous Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) System, Airborne Radars, Thermal Imager Detectors for Night Vision Devices, Indian Regional CoMPASS on ALH MK-IV Helicopter Navigation Satellite System BEL has operationalised overseas In 2018-19, BEL sold products (IRNSS), Direct Energy Weapons marketing offices in Vietnam, Sri and systems worth US$21.6 million (DEW), Helmet Mounted Display IN A BID TO Lanka, Oman and Myanmar. BEL and has an export order book of Systems (HDMS), Directed Infra- DEVELOP NEW has also expanded its Singapore US$158 million as on September Red Counter Measure (DIRCM), IT MARKETS IN and New York regional offices 30, 2019. & Cloud Services, Ring Laser Gyro, THE INDIAN to handle marketing activities. Explosives, Propellants, Smart BEL plans to work closely with Bombs etc, in the defence segment, OCEAN REGION Can you tell us about your companies in other countries to diversification initiatives? and Space Grade Solar Cells, and (IOR), BEL HAS increase the geo-spatial presence. The defence segment Air Traffic Control Radars in the OPERATION- continues to be BEL’s main non-defence segment. ALISED What are the main products business domain covering about 85 BEL has signed a Memorandum OVERSEAS that you export, and to per cent of its revenues. However, of Understanding (MoU) with MARKETING which all countries? BEL is continuously exploring Tamil Nadu Industrial Explosives BEL has been exporting diversification opportunities in Limited (TEL), a state-government OFFICES IN products such as defence and allied non-defence undertaking of the Government of VIETNAM, Communication Systems, Coastal areas for enhanced growth, Tamil Nadu, for co-operation in the SRI LANKA, Surveillance System, Missile leveraging its strengths and explosives segment where BEL is OMAN AND Systems, Radars, Electronic capabilities acquired in the defence eyeing business growth, keeping in MYANMAR. Warfare Systems, Electro Optic electronics domain. view of its ongoing and upcoming BEL HAS ALSO Systems and Electro Optic Fire Segments like Radars and ammunition programmes. BEL is Control Systems, Radar Finger Weapon Systems, Communication investing for the upgradation of EXPANDED ITS Printing System, Naval Systems, and Network Centric Systems, Tank existing facilities and addition of SINGAPORE Radar Warning Receivers, Electronics, Gun Upgrades, Electro new facilities, as well as setting AND NEW YORK Electronic Voting Machines and Optic Systems and Electronic up of a world-class centre of REGIONAL various other equipment to US, UK, Warfare & Avionics Systems will excellence for ammunition related OFFICES TO Russia, Italy, Brazil, Germany, continue to drive the company’s technologies for both defence HANDLE France, Israel, Indonesia, Honduras, growth in the coming years. As and space requirements. The Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritius, part of its diversification strategy, strategic partnership with TEL MARKETING Myanmar, Namibia, Seychelles, BEL is also continuously exploring will also boost BEL’s business ACTIVITIES South Africa and many other opportunities in defence and allied opportunities in the explosives friendly countries. non-defence sectors by offering segment.

100 www.raksha-anirveda.com NUCLEAR CAPABLE PRI THVI-2 MISSILE With the latest test firing of indigenous nuclear capable surface-to-surface Prithvi-2 missile developed by DRDOon November 20, India has shown its missile technology prowess. As part of a user trial by Indian Army, the missile had a strike capability of 350km, which was achieved with full precision and accuracy.

Indigenously developed Prithvi, a nine-metre by DRDO, India PRITHVI-2 MISSILE: tall missile

First missile developed by A BRIEF OVERVIEW A state-of-the-art missile uses DRDO under the IGMDP advanced inertial guidance system with manoeuvring trajectory to hit its target

Nuclear capable surface- Indian Armed Forces: to-surface missile The missile user

A tactical surface-to- Inducted into the armory of surface short-range Indian defence forces in 2003 ballistic missile

Deployment by India’s Operational strike range Strategic Forces Command of 350 km

Successful achievement Capable of carrying of test during day as 500-1,000kg of warheads well as night time and is powered by liquid propulsion twin engines

Trajectory of missile is tracked by radars, electro optical tracking Missile launch in salvo systems and telemetry stations mode from mobile by the DRDO along the coast of launcher Integrated Test Range (ITR), Odisha

8 x 8 Tata Transporter Erector launcher 30 missiles developed (Est: 2017) RAKSHA A NIR VEDA DEFEXPO 2020 DEFENCE MINISTRY IN GUNG HO TO MAKE DEFEXPO A BIG SUCCESS ‘India Pavilion’ at the DefExpo 2020 would exclusively showcase the jointness between the public and private sector, including Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and innovation eco-system, which is the key to the way forward By SRI KRISHNA

hen on the morning of February 5, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurates DefExpo 2020 in Lucknow for what has been described as a mega show, it would set the tone for the coming four days where Indian and foreign exhibitors would showcase their wares in an opportunity to boost what has been the W government’s focus in defence sector Make in India. The government is going all As part of the ambitious to the policy reforms undertaken out to make the show in Lucknow Defence Industrial Corridor by the government, defence an event, which would boost the Project, Prime Minister Modi had production in both public and nation’s image in the defence sector. laid the foundation of the flagship private sectors had reached a The capital of Uttar Pradesh as also Bundelkhand Defence Industrial record volume of Rs 80,502 crore the Parliamentary constituency of Corridor in Jhansi district of Uttar in 2018-19. He set the target of Rs Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, he Pradesh, which is expected to attract 90,000 crore for 2019-20. does not want to leave out anything. investment of Rs 20,000 crore. “We achieved an export turnover He has been meeting industry The Defence Corridor consists of around Rs 10,700 crore in 2018- representatives from India and of various infrastructure projects 19, with the target of this year abroad and ensured that over 1,000 totalling over Rs 40,000 crore in the pegged at Rs 15,000 crore,” he said. exhibitors is there and more than arid Bundelkhand region. Apart from the various stalls and 100 business events and seminars “The DefExpo will be an business meetings, the DefExpo are held. The Minister has been opportunity to foster partnerships would also provide an opportunity personally monitoring the progress and be part of shared prosperity. to update visitors and others about for the preparation of the event. These strong ties can boost the latest developments in the The show assumes importance investment, expand manufacturing, defence industry and the future since Uttar Pradesh is one of the two raise the level of technology and of defence industry through the states which will be having a defence accelerate the economic growth various seminars and discussions industrial corridor and this will of the respective countries. India’s on a wide variety of subjects provide an opportunity to the state defence sector has matured, and ranging from skill development in government to showcase the benefits is exploring mutually beneficial aviation and defence, role of digital accruing to investors in this project. partnerships with friendly nations to media in the battlefield and the role The state government headed by set up industries in the country and of cyber space in the defence sector. Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath is abroad,” Singh told representatives The show would provide an ensuring that the maximum possible of foreign missions on the DefExpo. opportunity for interactions with investments come for the project The event will showcase India’s defence and security experts such since it is also a big project for Prime plans for defence industrial as Dr G Satheesh Reddy, Chairman, Minister Modi whose constituency corridors in Uttar Pradesh and DRDO; Air Marshal Sandeep Singh, Varanasi is not too far from Lucknow Tamil Nadu, where investment Deputy Chief of Air Staff; Amandeep and government at the Centre and commitments of about US$1 billion Singh, Head, Defence Business, the State would like to showcase this have already been received. Ashok Leyland and Babasaheb event to attract investors. The Defence Minister said due Kalyani, Chairman and Managing

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Representative image for the government, private manufactures and startups. The event will cover the entire spectrum of the country’s aerospace, defence and security interests. The sub theme of the exhibition is ‘Digital Transformation of Defence’ which aligns with the concept of the future battlefield. Manufacturing for the aerospace and defence sector through application of newer technologies will also be focused upon. In addition to exhibiting products and technologies and live demonstrations by the Services, Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) and industry will showcase the land, naval, air and internal security systems. The ‘India Pavilion’ would exclusively showcase the jointness Director, Bharat Forge Limited. look forward to supplies from India. between the public and private With theme for the DefExpo being The focus at meetings would be on sector, including Small and Medium “Digital Transformation of Defence,” what has been repeatedly stated by Enterprises (SMEs)/ Micro, Small the focus would also be on how the government regarding defence and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) India can attain self-reliance and sector that there should be Transfer and innovation eco-system, which indigenisation in defence for both of Technology (ToT) and also make it is the key to the way forward. strategic and economic reasons. clear to any foreign company wishing As part of the digital The DefExpo would provide the to collaborate in the defence sector, transformation, the Department of platform for the Indian public and the offset policy of the government so Defence Production has developed private sectors to explore avenues that this could also help these foreign an App with the aim to engage with where they can have joint ventures Original Equipment Manufacturers the visitors as well as exhibitors. with foreign companies who would (OEMs) to enter into joint ventures Business-to-Business Exhibitor be participating in the exhibition. with Indian companies, who are in Connect, Exhibitor Chat, Ticket Though India has made rapid the defence sector. booking, accommodation in strides in defence technology and The booked exhibition space Tented City, Push notifications industrial base in recent past, it is by exhibitors for DefExpo 2020 and social media and feedback yet to cover a significant ground in has gone up by 60 per cent to over mechanism would be available terms of new products development 42,800 square metres, compared in the App to further improve and scale of production. The to around 26,774 during the last operations during the event. domestic defence industry would edition. Defence Ministers and There will be a sizeable Uttar have limited scope for investment in Service Chiefs of 35 countries have Pradesh pavilion at the DefExpo R&D and production if it relies only confirmed their participation for venue. Apart from displaying on the domestic demand. the DefExpo. A substantial number industrial prowess and huge There is a need to promote of Memorandums of Understanding potential for the investors, the UP investment in the defence sector, (MoUs) are expected to be inked government will organise several both in R&D and production thereby during the Expo, resulting in forging cultural programmes showcasing resulting in higher self-reliance of new business collaborations. rich cultural heritage of the and indigenisation. While putting The theme of the Expo is northern state. A unique experience in place the policy framework and ‘India: The Emerging Defence for the visitors is planned at the procedural mechanisms, the thrust Manufacturing Hub’. The aim is to Tent City, which is being especially would be on indigenous production bring the leading technologies in the erected at the venue. and exploring possibilities of defence sector under one roof and – The author is a senior journalist exports to other nations that may provide a myriad of opportunities and media consultant.

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 103 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA DEFEXPO 2020 Airbus to Showcase Best-in-class Military Products, Cutting-edge Defence Technologies at DefExpo 2020

ew Delhi. Airbus will showcase its best-in-class military products and Ncutting-edge defence technologies at the DefExpo airshow in Lucknow between February 5 and 8. Airbus’ exhibits at the show will demonstrate its capabilities and commitment to kick-start a defence industrial base in the country. Airbus would exhibit at Stand S46, Hall 07. Visitors to the stand will find scale models of the highly versatile C295 aircraft which is proven around the world as a tough, reliable and high-performance workhorse with outstanding lifecycle costs and excellent performance on short or unpaved runways. Director, Airbus India & South Asia. The Airbus has bid to manufacture the C295 in several defence projects that Airbus India India together with Tata Advanced Systems. is participating in will lead to the creation The visitors will also learn about the combat- of thousands of jobs, skilling of people, proven A330 MRTT, the only new generation technology absorption and will catalyse the aerial refueller in full service today. local supplier base. Airbus currently works In addition, exhibits of the AS565 MBe with more than 45 suppliers in India, and the Panther, the H145M and the H225M helicopters would be produced in India in partnership with annual procurement from them is worth more will be on display. Airbus has offered to build Mahindra Defence. than $650 million. the Panther or the H145M in India under the “Airbus is uniquely placed to participate Airbus’ network of dedicated Indian government’s Strategic Partnership (SP) in the ambitious growth journey of the Indian suppliers provides engineering and IT services, model for the Naval Utility Helicopters (NUH) defence industry and take it to new heights. aerostructures and materials for several of programme. The H225M has been offered as DefExpo is a key platform to showcase Airbus’ leading aircraft. Over 7,000 people, part of the Naval Multi Role Helicopter (NMRH) our commitment to the country’s ever- including 1,500 engineers, are currently programme. Designed to cater to all the needs growing aerospace and defence needs,” employed across Airbus projects in the of India’s armed forces, these helicopters said Anand Stanley, President & Managing country. MKU Showcases Modern Weapon Technology at DefExpo ew Delhi. MKU, a leading defence Germany and are used by Indian and and security solutions provider, is all international forces across 100 countries,” Nset to participate in India’s biennial a senior company official said. defence event ‘DefExpo 2020’ scheduled to In this edition of DefExpo among others be held from February 5 to 8 at Lucknow, MKU would be displaying: the capital city of Uttar Pradesh. MKU is n Versatile range of Night Vision (Image committed to Make in India, and has been intensified) weapon sights, monocular transforming the defence industry landscape and bi-oculars that deploy Gen 3 sensor in India by deploying newer and advanced technologies for excellent performance in technologies in electro optics and armour very low light conditions. solutions. “Our products are indigenously n Rugged Thermal Weapon Sights for designed, developed and manufactured assault rifles, sniper rifles, LMG, MMG in our manufacturing units in India and etc that offer longer ranges and better

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ew Delhi. In line with DefExpo 2020’s focus – ‘Digital Transformation of Thales to Focus on Digital Transformation NDefence’, Thales, a world leader in digital identity & security, will be showcasing in Defence & Security at DefExpo defence technologies that are digitally driven and future focused. These technologies have the potential to enable India’s armed forces to achieve high ambitions and master every decisive moment. At DefExpo 2020, Thales will be exhibiting its wide range of products and solutions through a series of demonstrations across four categories – Land, Naval and Air, Digital Transformation and Security. The company will display in its digital transformation area the Targeting and Reconnaissance pod Talios, which combines targeting and tactical reconnaissance capabilities in a single pod which will be able to embed artificial intelligence in the future. Thales will also showcase rogue drones flying at low altitude at ranges of that are completely in line with the expo’s Pathmaster, the first fully configurable up to seven km. theme this year – “Digital Transformation of unmanned mine countermeasures system. For Aero & Naval, Thales will showcase Defence”. Our trusted technologies have been Thales’ demos for land will include combat anti-submarine warfare solutions such as helping armed forces and authorities across systems such as a fully integrated Soldier Captas 1 and Aero & Naval connectivity & the world, including India, to prepare, achieve System capability, SYNAPS software defined Identification solutions such as Nextwave, and maintain tactical superiority and ensure radios among the family of communication Interrogator Friend Foe TSB 2510 etc. national security. Backed by over six decades devices, armaments and mock-up missiles With the display of such unique digitally of partnering with India, we look forward to supporting air defence systems such as driven technologies across verticals, Thales continue playing a major role in job creation STARStreak and lightweight multi-role missiles. will not only reiterate its commitment towards and skill development especially through In its Security corner, Thales will exhibit Make in India and export from India, but will our two Engineering Competence Centers in its Live Face Identification System, a video- also showcase its upcoming plans towards India and our local partnerships.” Emmanuel based biometric facial recognition system the development and modernisation of the de Roquefeuil, Vice President and Country for tracking and recognition. The company Indian armed forces. Director, Thales in India. On February 5 when will also present Eagleshield, a multi-sensor “We are enthusiastic about our participation DefExpo India 2020 is inaugurated in Lucknow, integrated drone countermeasures solution at the DefExpo India 2020 as it allows us to Thales will be welcoming visitors to its stand that can detect, identify, classify and neutralise demonstrate our leadership in technologies R17 in Hall 3. MKU Showcases Modern Weapon Technology at DefExpo performance even in zero visibility jackets based on the Exo Skeleton conditions (for, smoke, smog etc). technology. n Instavest series, our all new n Polyshield – H bolt free helmets line up of quick release survivability that are capable of providing uniform and protection jackets as per BIS protecttion across the head, from faster Standards for male and female soldiers and more lethal fragments at higher in tactical, combat and law enforcement velocities. “We at MKU look forward to configurations. Instavest series feature engaging with our customers, partners, the highest level of protection in the leaders from India and the global lightest configurations using Gen 6 defense industry and participants from armour technology. the services as well as government,” the n The newly designed Insta Load company official added. MKU stall is at Distribution System (ILDS) for our Hall #1, Booth #R16.

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 105 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA DEFEXPO 2020 Boeing to Showcase Advanced Defence and Services Capabilities at DefExpo 2020

ew Delhi. Boeing is all prepared services have played a significant role in Indian Air Force. to showcase a range of advanced ensuring enhanced operational readiness,” The combat proven F/A-18 Block Ndefence capabilities at DefExpo said Salil Gupte, president, Boeing India. III Super Hornet will bring the most 2020, including the F/A-18 Super Hornet, “We continue to remain committed contemporary next generation war fighter KC-46 tanker, AH-64E Apache and the P-8I. to strengthening the Indian aerospace technologies to the Indian Navy through Boeing’s exhibit at Hall 3, Booth S16 with ecosystem and look forward to engaging battle-space situational awareness, the theme ‘Building The Future Together’ with our customers, partners and industry counter stealth targeting, greater range will focus on its partnerships with India’s at DefExpo 2020.” The US defence and improved survivability, reduced radar armed forces, and highlight the strategic major will also provide visitors a virtual signature and room for growth. investments the company has made in flying experience with the F/A-18 Super In addition to defence platforms, Boeing developing India’s indigenous aerospace will also focus on its and defense ecosystem. local sustainment and These include the engineering and training capabilities for technology centre in Bengaluru and Chennai, its Indian customers. the joint venture with Tata Advanced As Boeing steadily Systems, and work with over 200 suppliers increases its sourcing and partners in support of “Make in India” from India, and and “Skill India.” expands its supplier “We’re honoured to support India’s network, it will highlight armed forces with advanced platforms such its contribution as the P-8I, C-17, AH-64 Apache and the towards ‘Make in India’ CH-47 Chinook that are delivering superior that fully harnesses capabilities. Additionally, our support and India’s manufacturing capability, talent, Hornet Block III simulator innovation and productivity. India is a to understand a wide range crucial defence partner for Boeing, with of missions, carrier-based some of its most mission-critical platforms aviation and capabilities the integrated with the Indian armed forces. aircraft can offer the Indian Today, India has 11 C-17 Globemaster IIIs, Navy. The F/A-18 Super eight P-8Is (with four more on order), 17 Hornet serves as the frontline AH-64 Apaches (against an order of 22) multi-role fighter of the U.S. and 10 CH-47 Chinook (against an order of Navy and air forces of several 15). Boeing’s local sustainment and training countries, and is currently on capabilities are making Indian armed forces offer to the Indian Navy and mission ready.

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Lohia Group Participating at DefExpo, Displaying New Private Sector Participation to Frontiers of Aerospace Excellence Drive Defence Market ucknow, Uttar Pradesh. The Lohia Group, a new ew Delhi. entrant into the Aerospace and Defence (A&D) Bharat Forge sector with focus on cutting edge composites NChairman L Baba Kalyani has technology, is participating at DefExpo 2020, which is painted a rosy picture being held at Lucknow from February 5 to 8. for the defence sector Kanpur headquartered Lohia Group in February with emphasis on 2019 acquired Israel based Light & Strong Ltd, Israel’s increased private largest private producer of aerospace focused carbon sector participation fibre composite components for Israel’s aerospace and in it as this would defence industry. In the process it became the first Indian not only boost the company to acquire and own an international composites nation’s economy but company. also enable it to reach With the Idea of bringing in global standards the target of US$26 aerospace technology to India, Lohia Aerospace Systems million defence market by 2025. It may be noted here that Defence Minister Rajnath Singh time and began construction of a truly world-class facility at our again reiterating it in all his address ahead of the upcoming DefExpo to be held 100-acre industrial campus on the historic Grand Trunk in Lucknow from February 5-9. road in Kanpur in July 2019. Under the UP-Government’s “With Prime Minister Narendra Modi emphasising on Make in India in aerospace manufacturing policy, Lohia Aerospace’s defence and the growing upsurge in the nationalist fervour that is sweeping greenfield factory covering an area of 75,000 sq feet, in across the nation, it’s time to take advantage of the situation to boost the keeping with global aerospace standards over 70 per sector,” he said in a Webinar, organised by the Defence Ministry in the run cent of the factory is air-conditioned, was constructed in up to DefExpo 2020, which provided an immense source of encouragement six months. “We have started trial production at the plant specially to the Indian industry. from January 2020 and we are proud to be displaying our Babasaheb Neelkanth Kalyani, who has been serving as the Chairman and sample products at the DEFEXPO 2020. The commercial Managing Director of Bharat Forge, the flagship company of the Kalyani Group production from our Kanpur facility is expected to start in and the world’s second-largest forging manufacturer after ThyssenKrupp of Germany recollected: “How during World War II American President Roosevelt March. Our factory is now the largest unit of composites called two of America’s leading private companies and asked them to in northern India,” says a Lohia Group senior official. manufacture defence equipment, and it was this that enabled the allied forces Lohia Aerospace Systems have signed an offset to be well-equipped and defeat Germany. based sourcing MoU with our first customer – an He said Indian private sector too was capable of reaching tremendous international aerospace contractor for supply of civil heights in the manufacture of defence equipment and the government aerospace components from our factory in Kanpur. We encouraging them would go a long way in boosting the nation’s economy. are also in advanced discussions with other potential With the tremendous technical manpower that the country possesses, the clients from Asia and Europe for supplying of aerospace defence sector could provide tremendous employment opportunities and composites from our facility in Kanpur.” push it towards the ambitious goal of US$5 trillion economy envisaged by “Under our “SKILL India’ initiative we have recruited 30 the Prime Minister. As part of its role in contributing to the defence sector, the people from UP and sent them for training at our Israeli Kalyani Group had on February 19, 2015, announced a joint venture with Rafael Advanced Defense Systems of Israel in India. facility for six months. After the conclusion of their factory Baba Kalyani said with the Prime Minister’s emphasis on self reliance in training in Israel, they will return to work at our facility in defence sector and the various policies laid down by the Ministry of Defence, the Kanpur from March 2020 onwards. ambitious Defence Procurement Policy (DPP) would indeed provide the much “We will be developing a training institute as part needed boost to the private sector in the country. He said the encouragement to of our Kanpur facility where these Indian composite the Society of Indian Defence Manufacturers (SIDM) having over 500 members maestros will further impart skills to the youth of belonging to the small and medium industries would go a long way in making our state so that they are able to work in global the Indian private sector an exporter of defence equipment to the South East aerospace facilities such as Lohia Aerospace or similar Asian countries. companies. We have also recruited Israeli composites A highly qualified person having done his Engineering from BITS, Pilani experts who will work at our India facility for 2 years for and post graduation from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US, he said executing the technology transfer from Israel to India,” the role of the private sector in the country towards defence is indeed valued immensely. the official added. Lohia Group stall is situated at hall no. 1, S 13.

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 107 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA DEFEXPO 2020: INTERVIEW

‘Defence Business is all Poised to Grow Reasonably Well in Coming Years' K Hota took charge as Chairman & in the last five years. BEML has around Managing Director, BEML in 2016. Under Rs 2600 Crore order book as on date Dhis leadership, BEML has shown robust and around Rs 1400 Crore orders is in growth in its overall business. He has over pipeline for current FY. With this order three decades of professional experience in HR book position, BEML is poised to grow and Business and is an alumni of St. Stephens reasonably well in Defence business in College and XLRI. the coming years. In an interview with Raksha Anirveda, he talked about BEML’s performance, R&D efforts Q. The countdown to DefExpo 2020 has begun. being undertaken, implementation of Industry The participation from both domestic and overseas 4.0 and its future plan. An excerpt: companies has been overwhelming and has made it the biggest defence expo till date. Tell us about Q. How has been the performance of BEML Limited so BEML’s experience during the roadshows and the far in FY 2019-20? Are you confident that the company range of products it will be showcasing at the event. will achieve its performance target? Please elaborate? A. BEML was entrusted with the responsibility A. Performance of BEML Limited is quite to conduct the road-show jointly for satisfactory so far in FY 2019-20. We are set Dr. Deepak Kumar Hota DefExpo 2020 with M/s Bharat Electronics to grow by around 10 per cent compared Chairman & Managing Director, BEML to invite participation from private and to last year and are optimistic to convert the standards required to forge ahead in the MSME sectors based in South India. existing orders to achieve the target. aviation sector. Association with Wipro More than 400 vendors from the is to compliment each other’s capability private sector, MSMEs and start-ups Q. Amid intense competitive business environment, in harnessing technologies leading to across Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra what keeps BEML upbeat in such an environment, indigenisation and develop systems in India. Pradesh attended the road show. The basic particularly in Defence business? Some of the areas identified are Hydraulic aim was to create awareness on DefExpo A. BEML is competing with the private System Engineering for Military Equipment, 2020, Make in India initiatives, steps sector over the past decades and we are Industrial Automation, Artificial Intelligence taken to develop the defence corridors receiving orders from various customers based projects and manufacturing of and encourage them to showcase the including MoD on competition mode. In aerospace products in SEZ. capability of the Indian industries to fact, over 85 per cent of the orders are global firms that will create business through competition mode. Q. How has the Defence vertical performed in last five opportunities. The response was quite years? How upbeat you are about the future business enthusiastic during the interactive session Q. Last year, BEML partnered with Lockheed Martin prospects in this vertical? and we are hopeful of a good participation and Wipro. Kindly explain in details about these Defence vertical has seen a rising trend from them in the upcoming expo. partnerships. Also provide insights into your in- BEML will be showcasing a range of house R&D efforts, collaboration with academia to products from Crew Protection Vehicles, enhance technological prowess, the defining steps Heavy Transportation Vehicles, Engineering taken to strengthen it and contribute in Make in Plant Equipment, High Mobility Vehicles, India initiative. De-mining equipment and a mobile AI based A. For BEML Aerospace Division it is a Medical Health and Diagnostic system. strategic decision to partner with global leaders such as Lockheed Martin. It facilitates Q. The theme of DefExpo 2020 is Digital Transformation BEML Aerospace to align and meet global of Defence. How BEML Limited is planning to move ahead with digital transformation and implement Industry 4.0? A. In line with theme of ‘Digital Transformation’, BEML is launching AI based Mobile healthcare diagnosis system to address the medical needs of the Armed forces. Further BEML has initiated development of autonomous ground vehicle to meet MoD’s requirement. BEML is planning to implement Industry 4.0 across its divisions in a phased manner.

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RAKSHA A NIR VEDA DEFEXPO 2020 SAGAR DEFENCE: PROVIDING SOLUTIONS TO PROTECT ‘SAGAR’

he ocean covers most of the earth’s surface and produces 70 per cent of our oxygen requirement. It is a significant source of food and employment. The transformation of ocean space has begun, and is all set to undergo a profound transformation over the next decade. It is also becoming an increasingly contested T battle space as nations seek to protect their waters and resources. Here comes the role of Sagar Marine Surface Vehicle (UMSV), And working in this line, recently Defence Engineering (SDE) which an unmanned autonomous ocean the company CTO Lakshay Dang provides solutions likes sensors, robot. Sitting at the surface, the and Business development head connectivity, cloud computing— UMSV is one of the unmanned Mridul Babbar were at the Airbus the same technology that has systems capable of collecting BizLab to understand the working revolutionised the terrestrial world and communicating real-time dynamics of Airbus. is coming to the ocean. ocean data through unpredictable Not only this, SDE’s presence Sagar Defence is a Mumbai- conditions. It connects subsea are being felt at different occasions based defence provider company, data and communicates it to across the country. In the lately which mainly focuses on providing satellites and land, creating an held The Economic Times Tech the solutions to protect maritime ocean network. Summit 2019 it presented the security and related water resources. The UMSV robot creates an ocean company’s innovation and Towards this, the company network by connecting billions of technology to the inquisitive has an essential technological sensors, manned and unmanned visitors. The company was also prowess in the form of Unmanned systems, and satellites and makes the part of selected group of the ocean digital, where boundaries SME innovators at national level are limitless. And thus help saving who are being provided business not only time, money but also human development support. lives in time to come. In the Regional Interstate Leading with a small team of Knowledge Sharing Workshop 10-12 persons, SDE strives to hosted by Maharashtra State collaborate with big names like Innovation Society (MSInS) Airbus, and exploring how it can be in August, 2019, SDE Founder a good fit in producing world-class Capt Nikunj Parashar was defence and security solutions. asked to present about his own startup and its innovative tech products, along with his experience of working with the government at various levels i.e. centre, state as well as international. State government representatives from Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Gujarat, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram, Meghalaya attended the workshop.

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Aerospace Engineers: A Leader in Manufacturing High Precision Aerospace Components ew Delhi. Aerospace AEPL’s product offerings Engineers Private Limited include about 116 variety of rubber N(AEPL) Salem, Tamil Nadu, compounds that meet Global Aviation an AS9100D, DGAQA, ISO45001 Standards and are approved by Indian (EMS 14001, OHSAS 18001) & a authorities. The Inflatable cockpit seals ZED GOLD rated company is one are dexterously developed for Kiran, of the leading organizations in the LCA, LCA Trainer, MiG series, Su30 MKI manufacturing of High Precision and IJT and its canopy seal are used Aerospace components in India in almost all Indian fighter aircrafts. under metallic and non-metallic AEPL has victoriously ventured group. This pioneering company into the making of more than 15,000 is located in The Salem Aeropark, parts (12000 parts of non-metallic Salem, Tamil Nadu. and 3000 parts of metallic segment) The core strength of AEPL is that are compliant with global aviation its development strategy adopted requirements with rigorous stringent in indigenising details as well as the quality standards. Its products / parts assembly. AEPL is rated with GOLD have eventually earned the absolute under ZED (Zero Defect and Zero approval of authorities. . Effect) quality promotion scheme launched is approved for ‘Production Organization AEPL has proved its mettle in Missile by Govt. of India among one lakh registered Exposition’ (POE) by DGCA as per ITSO C140 Projects too and is into 100 per cent MSMEs in India. and CAR21 Subpart ‘G’. Now, its looking up for Aerospace product manufacturing of Metallic Currently AEPL is working vigorously to similar civil certification for the manufacture and Non-metallic segment. achieve PLATINUM rating in ZED. AEPLs of Aircraft Seals as per ITSO C150A in order Till date, AEPL has bagged 12 National Quality Clinic System is certified by UTC to make its entry and presence felt in civil awards including significant achievement Aerospace Systems, US. It has developed aviation (manufacturing and MRO). like National Award for Defence Absorption more than 250 types of hoses used in AEPL is supplying hoses and other control and Best Innovation given by Prime Minister Hydraulic, Lubrication and Fuel systems, valves to ISRO and VSSC and takes pride in Narendra Modi. AEPL’s highly motivated and other hoses of ALH, LUH & LCH and serving the nation. It has won a long term leadership, untiring efforts put in by its has applied for DGCA Certification of Design, contract with ‘Egyptian Armament Authority’ dedicated team and well established systems Development, Manufacturing and servicing for supplying Aerospace Components for a has yielded it lot of recognition from National of Hose assemblies for civil aviation. AEPL period of five years. and State Governments. DRDO to Showcase Indigenously-developed Military Systems and Technologies at DefExpo 2020 ew Delhi: Defence Research Wheeled Armoured Platform (WhAP), and Development Counter Mine Flail, 15m Advanced NOrganisation (DRDO) will Composite Modular Bridging System display at the upcoming five-day (ACMBS) and modular bridge. 11th edition of DefExpo to be held The DRDO will exhibit more than in Lucknow from February 5 various 500 products from all technology indigenously-developed military clusters in the five-day mega expo in systems and technologies to bring line with the theme of the event “Digital alive the spirit of self-reliance and Transformation of Defence”. DRDO will national pride. The participation of showcase over 23 products in the India DRDO at the expo is marked with Pavilion at DefExpo, which has been the live demonstration of Advanced set up to showcase the combined Towed Artillery Gun System (ATAGS), strength of DRDO, public and private Main Battle Tank (MBT) Arjun MK IA, sector in defence manufacturing.

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 111 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA DEFEXPO 2020 BAE Systems to Highlight Its Partnership with India, Showcase Make in India M777 ULH at DefExpo

ew Delhi. Two BAE Systems M777 Kingdom, the 62-calibre Mk45 naval gun can Ultra Lightweight Howitzer (ULH) gun provide a firing range of 13 nautical miles with Nsystems will take centre stage at the conventional munitions. 11th edition of DefExpo in Lucknow from Building on continued interest in India and February 5-8. highlighting its expertise in warship design, BAE The two M777 ULH systems signify the Systems will showcase a model of the Queen 145-gun agreement between the US and Indian Elizabeth Class Aircraft Carrier on its stand at governments to strengthen India’s artillery the defence mega event. A model of the Make capabilities. Under the agreement, 120 ULH in India Hawk advanced jet trainer, which is in systems are being assembled, integrated service with the Indian Air Force and the Indian and tested in India by Mahindra Defence programme.” Navy, will also be on display. Systems Ltd (MDSL), as part of the Make in Nik Khanna, BAE Systems’ Managing An array of munitions will be exhibited by India programme. To date, BAE Systems has Director India, added: “BAE Systems is proud to BAE Systems at DefExpo 2020, including the produced and delivered 25 guns to the Indian be a founding partner of defence manufacturing 57mm and 40mm programmable 3P Ammo, Army, with another 70-plus planned for 2020. in India, and DefExpo 2020 will be a great BONUS 155mm sensor-fused ammunition, and In addition to this, the BAE Systems stand occasion to engage further with our key 120mm tank ammunition, CT40 cannon. Also at DefExpo 2020 (R32, Hall 7, UK Pavilion) will Indian stakeholders – strengthening existing on the stand will be the low-cost, combat-proven exhibit an array of state-of-the-art capabilities, partnerships and exploring avenues for new APKWS guidance kit transforms standard including towed and self-propelled artillery, naval ones, particularly around the Mk45 naval 2.75-inch (70-millemeter) rockets into precision gun systems and ships, ammunition, unmanned gun. The team also looks forward to using munitions that reduce collateral damage. autonomous systems and precision munitions. this opportunity to discuss the continuing The guidance kits are compatible with Dave Armstrong, BAE Systems’ Group development of BAE Systems’ in-country supply existing and new inventories of rocket motors, Business Development Director, said: “India is a chain, which the company is committed to warheads, and launchers; are easy to install; and strategic market for BAE Systems, and DefExpo expanding.” require minimal training to use. With APKWS, 2020 will provide the company with the ideal The company will exhibit a three- rockets have achieved over a 93 per cent hit rate platform to showcase the deep collaboration dimensional video of its Mk45 Mod 4 naval in combat, have been fired from more than 20 and commitment that exist with the Indian gun, the lightest, most compact, fully automatic different platforms, and are available to allied government and across industry, highlighted 127mm naval gun in the world. With a dozen nations via Foreign Military Sale from the US best by the ongoing success of the M777 ULH customers globally, including the US and United Government. World-class BrahMos Supersonic Missile on Display at DefExpo ew Delhi. BrahMos Aerospace will showcase the world-class BRAHMOS supersonic cruise Nmissile system at the DefExpo 2020 to be held at Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. A product of defence Joint Venture between India and Russia, BRAHMOS weapon system is a major attraction for visitors. The event is all set to witness larger participation of defence manufacturers from both the public and private sectors, OEMs and MSMEs. It will also provide an ideal platform for business, decision makers and policymakers to interact, to address common concerns while promoting India as a defence manufacturing hub. Notably, the defence sector was exploring mutually beneficial partnerships with friendly countries to set up industries at home to make in India as well as abroad.

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HALL | 01 STALL | S-16 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA DEFEXPO 2020 Isra el’s Rafa el to Showcase Variety of Solutions and Capabilities at DefExpo ew Delhi. RAFAEL Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. is participating at DefExpo N2020 in Lucknow being held from February 5-8. For more than two decades RAFAEL Advanced Defense Systems has been supporting the Indian Armed forces with state-of-the-art systems during which RAFAEL stood by India to supply systems at short notice in various operational contingencies. These contingencies included air-to-air, air defence, ATGMs, targeting and reconnaissance pods, SDR communication and more. RAFAEL already has been working with the different branches of the Indian military and the Indian security apparatus and has cooperated to integrate its electro-optical systems, advanced ordnance, as well as its air-to-air and air defence systems. RAFAEL has been working steadily to create Technology Partnerships or have been integrated including vehicles, Joint Ventures with major Indian companies helicopters (more than 10 different types) and to address various projects and has created marine boats. structures to ensure technological transfer AIR DEFENCE CAPABILITIES to India. Over the last few years, RAFAEL has SPYDER - a quick reaction, low level surface-to- continued to realise its commitment to the air missile system designed to counter attacks Indian market and to its economy including by aerial threats. last summer’s inauguration of a state-of- C-DOME: NAVAL DEFENCE SYSTEM the-art facility at Hardware Technology Park, Mature, operational anti-missile naval defence Hyderabad for local manufacturing of the SDR system, designed to protect combat vessels BNET communication system for the Indian Air against sea skimming missiles and all Force, with a $30 million purchase order. other airborne threats. Using the Iron Dome In addition, RAFAEL has placed a $100 interceptor, the system is effective against mn order for Barak-8/ MRSAM missile kits highly manoeuvring, supersonic and low altitude for the Indian Army and Air Force from KRAS threats (sea skimmers), as well as low radar (Kalyani RAFAEL Advanced Systems Ltd, India). cross section (RCS) targets. It is also effective This, among other steps, is part of RAFAEL’s against a full variety of free space threats. compliance with the Make in India policy LAND SYSTEMS – A RANGE OF SOLUTIONS of the government. It is also the testimony Rafael offers a range of high technology to RAFAEL’s global commitment to local solutions for land warfare, to defend production, knowledge transfer and industrial against a wide range of threats such as cooperation. At DefExpo 2020, RAFAEL will anti-tank missiles and rockets, small arms, showcase a variety of solutions and capabilities AP projectiles, high speed fragments of in various fields: artillery, mortars, and high explosives. SPIKE – A FAMILY OF MISSILES Designed for high performance and SPIKE is an advanced electro-optical guided survivability, RAFAEL’s Samson RWS with missile system family. The SPIKE family has Spike ATGM Dual Launcher have been reached exports of well over 30,000 missiles, is adapted to a wide variety of main tracked artillery and mortar (C-RAM) and Very Short in use by 34 nations including India. More than and wheeled armoured personnel carriers Range Air Defense (VSHORAD) system. Rafael 5000 missiles have been fired in training and and marine craft. is also proud to announce that substantial share combat and more than 43 different platforms Iron Dome - Dual mission counter rocket, of its Air Defence portfolio is now made in India.

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The Air Defence display is part of our Joint Venture, Kalyani Rafael Advanced Systems (KRAS), co-located with the RAFAEL pavilion. DEFENCE AGAINST HOSTILE UAVS Drone Dome - an end-to-end system designed to provide effective airspace defence against hostile drones (micro and nano UAVs). GUIDANCE KITS FOR ROCKETS EPIK - a new concept of RAFAEL to upgrade existing Rocket Artillery Systems for Autonomous, Pin-Point hit Accuracy full range of weapons, including small or and increased range capability. medium caliber guns, coaxial machine guns COMMUNICATION and missiles. BNET broadband IP SDR (software UAS BY AERONATICS (A RAFAEL defined radio), supporting the modern SUBSIDIARY) AT THE RAFAEL digital battlefield’s needs with high- PAVILION speed, low-delay, reliable connectivity for INFRA RED SEARCH AND TRACK The Orbiter 4 STUAS is an advanced multi- broadband data, voice and video on the SYSTEM (IRST) mission platform with extraordinary and move. Delivering unprecedented network The Sea Spotter is a new generation infrared, versatile carrier, mission and endurance capacity in terms of data rates, number of passive staring system designed to be capabilities. Orbiter 4 STUAS delivers top users and minimal delay, BNET enables all installed on naval vessels and capable of mission performance with its lightest, land, sea and air radio units to participate in automatically locating all types of surface most versatile and most advanced covert a single, seamless, scalable mobile ad hoc and aerial targets/threats. platform available today, for both land network (MANET). Displayed at RAFAEL’s NAVAL REMOTE WEAPON STATION and maritime operations. The Pegasus Joint Venture Astra Rafael Comsys (ARC). For naval platforms, RAFAEL offers the 120 is a multi-rotor platform, designed Please visit for a live demonstration of Typhoon, a family of lightweight, stabilized, especially for defense and security these capabilities. remote controlled weapon systems with a missions. Russian Helicopters to Present Its Civilian Line at Defexpo oscow. Russian Helicopters range between -45°and +50° С. Holding Company (part of Mi-171A2 is the newest MRostec State Corporation) multipurpose heavy class helicopter will exhibit a line of its latest which combines the unparalleled civilian helicopters at the Defexpo experience of operating Mi-8/17 international exhibition to be held in type helicopters and cutting-edge Lucknow from February 5 to 8. technical solutions. The rotorcraft The light multipurpose Ansat is equipped with new engines helicopter, as well as heavy Mi-171A2 with a digital control system, a and Mi-38, will be available to the show high-performance carrier system guests and participants for viewing featuring composite blades and an at the Russian Helicopters stand. In improved aerodynamic layout. addition, the holding company experts The heavy multipurpose Mi- will present an after-sales service 38 helicopter can take on board system for Russian-made helicopters up to 30 passengers, or up to 12 to potential customers. aircraft. Ansat has successfully passed high- passengers in a VIP cabin configuration. The The light multipurpose Ansat helicopter is altitude tests, which proved that it is suitable flight range of the new helicopter is up to 880 equipped with two engines and can be used for use in mountainous terrain at up to 3,500 kilometers. Mi-38, whose maximum takeoff for passenger transportation, cargo delivery, meters of altitude, as well as climatic tests, weight is 15.6 tonnes, can carry up to 5 tonnes environmental monitoring and as an ambulance which confirmed its operability in a temperature of payload on board or on an external sling.

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 115 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA BUSINESS INITIATIVE SOVERON AR – THE SECURE, TRUSTED AND RELIABLE PARTNER With more than three decades of presence in India, Rohde & Schwarz has emerged as a reliable partner to Make in India initiative through its advanced technological expertise. It has been continuously shaping the future of communications, information and security needs of India with its wide range of applications and solutions

hanks to its industry-leading technological expertise, Rohde & Schwarz, the independent group is a reliable partner for shaping the future of communications, information and security. Rohde & Schwarz develops, produces and markets a wide range of electronic capital goods for industry, infrastructure operators and government T customers.

The independent group is among to stay global still remain flexible set up. Having added the team for the technology and market leaders to adopt local needs through its R&D, company is geared up to in all of its business fields, including strong force in India. India is land of participate in Make in India. wireless communications and RF test opportunity, Rohde & Schwarz very With variety of applications & and measurement, broadcast and much believe in it. solutions, company focuses on media, air traffic control and military Customer satisfaction, for Rohde Defence, Para Military, Home Land radio communications, cybersecurity & Schwarz it means “become partner Security, Govt, Civil, Institutions, and network technology. to enable success for the customer”. R&D Labs etc. It can be categorized In India Rohde & Schwarz is Towards this, company is striving to as primary & secondary customers, present since > 3 decades. There enhance and expand local capabilities after all it’s an eco-system are many successful projects, like technological knowledge and Intelligence gathering, sensor delightful partnerships & Transfer skills of the teams, soft skills to stay data, analysis, communication are of Technology in this journey. It is tuned with the changing market the key pillars of SIGINT. Solutions constant endeavor of the company dynamics, infrastructure and facility/ like Monitoring & Search Receivers, antennae, Analysis tools, Direction Finders, Monitoring solutions are of much interest. SOVERON AR – The best airborne radio is a given, true independence is a choice. Information superiority is vital to effectiveness and survivability during missions. Key factors to mission success are the reliability, security, flexibility and system capability of the deployed communications solution. SOVERON provides secure and reliable communications networks for all branches and command and control levels of the armed forces to help you carry out your missions. The SOVERON® AR airborne radio is a member of the SOVERON® software defined radio family.

116 www.raksha-anirveda.com AKASH: INDIA’S FIRST INDIGENOUS SUPERSONIC MISSILE Akash is India’s first home-made medium range surface-to-air missile (SAM) which can engage multiple targets from multiple directions. An all-weather missile, Akash can engage targets at a speed 2.5 times more than the speed of sound. The supersonic missile can detect and destroy targets flying at low, medium and high altitudes.

l A kash is a nuclear-capable missile l I t is designed and developed as part and one of the best surface-to-air of India’s 30-year-old integrated AKASH: MAJOR HIGHLIGHTS defence missiles in the world. guided-missile development programme (IGMDP). The IGMDP l T he missile is designed and includes other missiles like Nag, developed by DRDO. Bharat Dynamics Agni, Trishul and Prithvi. (BDL) manufactures the missiles, and Bharat Electronics produces its hi- l The missile can fly at a speed of up tech ‘Rajendra-phased array radar’. to Mach 2.5 (nearly 860 meter per second) and at a maximum height l T he indigenously developed radar of 18km. called ‘Rajendra’ can handle highly- manoeuvring multiple targets from l A kash can strike enemy ærial multiple directions in group or targets like fighter jets, drones, autonomous mode. cruise missiles, air-to-surface missiles and ballistic missiles from a distance of 30km. l T he missile has a launch weight of 720kg, a wingspan of 1,105mm, READYING FOR THE length of 5.8m and a diameter of 350mm. l I t can carry a warhead of 50-60kg QUANTUM LEAP and can be launched from mobile platforms like battle tanks or wheeled trucks. The 2020s will be the decade for making advancements in hypersonic l A unique all-the-way-powered technology. Possession of hypersonic missile system has a kill probability of 88 per cent for the first missile capability will provide the nations an and 99 per cent for the second. edge in its military might. It will be a show off for the countries having l I t uses ramjet propulsion system hypersonic capabilities as a deterrent which can intercept the target at supersonic speed without against aggression. Its progress will deceleration. The ramjet propulsion usher in new types of weapons with and its electronic-counter measure the capability to strike targets almost equipment also help it break any anywhere in the world within minutes. electronic jamming system. l India’s Defence Research & A kash missile system has seven components. It contains integral Development Organisation has ramjet propulsion; a switchable started working on hypersonic to guidance antenna system; a develop missiles that can travel five command guidance unit; an times the speed of sound or a little onboard power supply; a system arming and detonation mechanism; over a mile every second. digital autopilot; multi-function Rajendra-phasedarray radar; 3D The hypersonic missiles being passive electronically scanned tested currently (5-10 ft/250kg) are array Rajendra radar (PESA) and encased in ceramic coating, carbon command centres. fibre composites or nickel-chromium l A kash contains four Rajendra radars super alloys. These missiles working and four launchers are interlinked as hyper-fast power drills, can together and controlled by the group penetrate/smash any target almost control centre. undetected by the present-day radar l E ach launcher, equipped with three systems. missiles and one radar, can track 16 targets. So in total, the radar can The development in hypersonic will track 64 targets and simultaneously depend much on improvements in launch 12 Akash missiles. material technologies, in order to l T he missile is reportedly cheaper withstand high speed, enormous and more accurate than US’ Patriot heat, friction and stress and the test missiles due to its solid-fuel periods too will not last long — to say, technology and high-tech radars. just 15 seconds. RAKSHA A NIR VEDA NETWORKING

ROLE OF OPTIC FIBER SOLUTIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN MARKETS The increased demand of bandwidth is playing a major role in shaping the future of the optical transport network market in India.It is therefore extremely critical to collaborate with the right partners for high quality FO interconnectivity products delivering reliable optical performance

By DIWAKAR BELAVADI Optical fiber technology (OFT) has some definite advantages iber optics (FO) is a fascinating technology which enables communication by over copper-wired systems. way of a connection that offers higher ‘reliability’, ‘speed’ and ‘bandwidth’ Optical fiber supports higher than the wired cables. It is amazing to see that a transparent fiber drawn out bandwidth, better signal strength, of glass (silica) with a diameter slightly thicker than that of the human hair symmetric speeds in transmission is the most widely used channel of communication connecting continents and eliminates latency issues in an efficient and reliable manner. Optical fibers are flexible and capable in networks. OFT offers higher of being bundled into cables which allow them to be used in long-distance reliability and security in networks F communications supporting lower levels of attenuation, higher speeds and wherever deployed, supporting larger bandwidths. lower attenuation in transmission over long distances, being

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immune to electromagnetic @ 100Gbps, switching to interference (EMI) as optical 400Gbps shortly and aiming fiber is an insulator, light towards reaching terabit in weight and requires less speeds by 2020. The data space for installation, better centre channel speeds are return on investments, as doubling every two years it offers higher scalability and the terabit speeds will in the networks, and many depend on the development otherfeatures make it one of single lanes that can be of the most preferred means modulated @100Gbps. of communication cutting Higher speeds are achieved across various business through the deployment verticals across the globe. of FO technology in the FO technology can be networks. Optoelectronic packaged into active and devices will move away from passive optical product the legacy transceivers to offerings. They can be substrate mount optical used across a variety of engines (in a couple of applications deployed in years) and eventually move THEY CAN BE USED ACROSS different segments like towards integrated optical A VARIETY OF sensing applications, engines with a waveguide to APPLICATIONS which can help measure support higher speeds. DEPLOYED IN strain, speed, vibration, Technological evolutions DIFFERENT temperature, pressure, material lighting of inspection equipments, have brought paradigm shifts in SEGMENTS properties, etc.The technology and many more. some of the critical industries LIKE SENSING can be used mainly by automotive, With the ever-increasing need like enterprise networks, mobile APPLICATIONS, industrial, geo-exploration, oil for higher bandwidth supporting communications networks, and WHICH &gas, military and aerospace, the transmission of data, voice and harsh environment applications. CAN HELP healthcare and engineering video in a fast and reliable manner, Due to the increasing bandwidth MEASURE segments; imaging applications the backbone, distribution and and speed requirements, the STRAIN, SPEED, deployable in automotive last mile communication service enterprise connectivity space VIBRATION, and engineering segments for providers are increasing the is at a point of inflection and TEMPERATURE, inspection of mechanical welds deployment of fiber optic products the trend is shifting towards PRESSURE, etc., healthcare segments in in their networks and systems. hyperscale data centres. The MATERIAL endoscopes and laparoscopes, Increased density of fiber optics cloud has gained traction as an PROPERTIES, security &surveillance segments in the networks would mean attractive, cost effective and ETC in CCTVs, cameras, UAVs and high quality ofinterconnectivity flexible/scalable deployment drones; communication and products ensuring lower model among the growing networking systems (for data, attenuation and higher reliability bandwidth demands of global voice and video) deployed in in the networks. The need for organisations. Hyper scales enterprise, hyperscale data centre reliable and faster networks will have very high fiber count networks, telecom networks, makes manufacturers of fiber intra-zone networks and will industrial Ethernet networks, optic interconnectivity products be populated with FO inter submarine communication, to ensure higher standards of connectivity products of single smart cities, campus networks manufacturing infrastructure, mode rather than multimode. and connected automobiles; processes, systems and product The mobile communication tactical communication designs as well as supported by networks have evolved over systems deployed in aerospace, the right talent. the last three decades from 1G defence and marine segments In today’s information- (first generation) in 1981 to 5G of the military; and lighting intensive economy, bandwidth currently. The 5G networks will andillumination applications in and network speed are of critical be using FOInterconnectivity commercial aircrafts, lighting in importance. Data speeds have links to connect the wireless homes andcommercial buildings, moved from 10Mbps three infrastructure. Similarly, FO optical backlighting and ring decades ago to faster speeds adoption has increased in the

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such as Make in India, Digital India, creation of 100 smart cities, GST rollout are real game changers of the Indian economy and pushes India at the threshold of a digital revolution. Large scale deployment of OFC and FO interconnectivity products will be the only solution to meet the quality and quantity needs of the broadband connectivity in India. As India strengthens its position as the world’s fastest growing economy, it becomes imperative for the country to use high-speed broadband as a lever for growth. Some of the key drivers for increased adoption of FOinterconnectivity in the Indian market space are growing internet subscription, WITH RESPECT TO THE INDIAN together create a huge demand smartphone penetration and MARKET, THE DATA DELUGE AND for technology to move this data e-commerce: GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES WILL and information, and propel TOGETHER CREATE A HUGE DEMAND FOR growth of optical fiber cables is more than 400 mn and growing (OFC) and FO interconnectivity rapidly.• India’s internet subscriber base TECHNOLOGY TO MOVE THIS DATA AND product market in India in the INFORMATION, AND PROPEL GROWTH near future. According to India smartphone market has crossed OF OPTICAL FIBERCABLES (OFC) AND Optical Fiber Cables Market • 300India’s mn user rapidly base growingand the FOINTERCONNECTIVITY PRODUCT Forecast & Opportunities, e-commerce sales crossed a MARKET IN INDIA IN THE NEAR FUTURE 2020, the optical fiber cables whopping $16 bn in 2016-17 market in India is expected to with double digit exponential harsh environment applications. surpass US$ 424 million by growth forecasted over the next Inherent advantages of the 2020. Nationwide connectivity five years. optical fiber being an insulator, projects launched by the Such large amounts of immune to EMI, light in government such as National data, voice and video signal weight, flexible, supporting Optical Fiber Network (NOFN) transmissions can only be higher bandwidth and signal and National Fiber Spectrum handled reliably by networks with speeds and lower attenuation (NFS), and the 4G rollout in high density FOinterconnectivity has resulted in increased the country are bound to boost products; adoption of FO technology data transmission volumes, in harsh environments and thereby making expansion of Increased emphasis tactical communication OFC installations critical for on national security areas. Ruggedization of FO supporting the planned network National security is of paramount inter connectivity products expansions. importance and our borders needs make them more suitable In addition, smart cities to be secured. to be deployed in harsh will use next generation Tactical communication, environments. FO technology technologies such as LTE and remote sensing and imaging is used in sensing, imaging and FTTx, which require last mile becomes a vital part in meeting communication applications in connectivity, and would also this objective. FOinterconnectivity harsh environments. propel a strong demand for products deployed in tactical With respect to the Indian OFC & FOinterconnectivity communication systems (Land market, the data deluge and products in the coming years. & Naval systems), UAVs, missile government initiatives will Key government initiatives systems, radar systems, aircraft

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cockpit electronics, etc., will be able to address the communication, sensing and imaging requirements P75 (I): Indian Navy’s Make in of the Indian armed forces in a reliable way. India Submarine Programme Rapid industrialization, digital factories and automation With Make in India and GST initiatives of the government, Indian manufacturing space is expected to grow significantly in the next decade. The space will belong to enterprises which focus on digitalization and automation of their manufacturing processes/systems making them lean and reliable. Large emphasis will be on connected machines, IoT and digital factories which will need a robust and secured Ethernet or dedicated cloud infrastructure whose backbones will be based on FO. Collaborating with the right technology eing at the forefront, the Navy has been promoting indigenous partners to meet equipment and accordingly mandated the project 75(I) for six the needs of FO Bsubmarine acquisition, to be made at Indian dockyard and ensure interconnectivity all future submarines are designed and built in India. To meet the growing needs With estimated cost of Rs. 45,000 crore, Project 75(I) is being for FO interconnectivity in the processed under the Strategic Partnership model. With DAC’s recent country as well as global need, clearance, two domestic shipyards MDL and L&T have been shortlisted it is critical to partner with and now they will be choosing from five foreign collaborators (Naval the companies with the right Group, TKMS, Navantia, Rosoboronepxort (Rubin Design Bureau) and manufacturing, engineering and Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering) to formulate techno- design eco-systems possessing commercial proposal for the Navy. the right talent. It is extremely Taking a middle path, India is looking for submarines with new critical to collaborate with the right partners for high quality technology air-independent propulsion (AIP) which provides the FOinterconnectivity products possibility to the submarines to remain underwater for long duration delivering reliable optical and be stealthy too. AIP helps in generating oxygen from on-board fuel. performance. Russia, France and Germany are offering the technology. As Prime Minister said, “Cities in At present, submarines that Indian Navy has in operation are 9 the past were built on riverbanks. Sindhughosh (Kilo) class and one Chakra class (nuclear powered) of They are now built along highways. Russian origin, 4 Shishumar (HDW209) class of German origin, 2 Kalvari But in the future, they will be built (Scorpene) class of French origin and one indigenously built Arihant based on availability of optical fiber class (nuclear armed). networks and next-generation MDL may choose Naval Group and is also exploring collaboration infrastructure.” with TKMS. L&T may tie-up with Rubin Design Bureau. In all likelihood, the first Indian built AIP submarine may get commissioned by 2027 – The author is Director - Operations considering the fact that everything goes as per plan. & Strategic Projects, Citadel Intelligent Systems Ltd.

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 121 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA SHOWCASE JSHL: THE RELIABLE PARTNER IN INDIA’S QUEST FOR SELF-RELIANCE IN DEFENCE MANUFACTURING JSHL strongly believes that the company’s diversiﬁcation into defence sub-systems and systems manufacturing will not only give continued revenue stream to the Government but also provide employment to a number of people, thus contributing in overall socio-economic development of India

indal Steel (Hisar) Limited (JSHL) is the largest integrated steel manufacturer in the country and with footprints in multiple locations in India as well as aboard, it has been performing well in Nuclear and Defence segment since its foray in 2017, by developing and producing critical grades as per the stringent requirement in keeping with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision J of “Make in India”.

canisters, rocket motor casings, suspensions, pressure vessels, etc. JSHL has supplied this grade for Missile programs, required by Indian Defence Establishments, GSLV and PSLV programs of ISRO. Recently, it bagged the prestigious order for special steel, 3.7 mm CRAP sheets from Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) for Rocket Motor Booster Application (Satellite Launch Rocket) – a prestigious feat for the company as it was the first time when ISRO JSHL has been striving towards (R&D) and production capabilities bought from Indigenous sources. development of newer strategic with the triplex refining route, JSHL Highlighting the achievement, material for defence with focus on produces special quality steel (a low Mr. Abhyuday Jindal – Managing import substitution. Its Defence core carbon steel combining high yield Director, JSHL said, “Our core team has been working towards strength with good toughness and team on defence and space has providing innovative, cost effective weld ability) which can be used for rigorously worked with Human and customized solution by developing various defence applications. Due to Space and Flight Centre of ISRO application centric grades. its excellent mechanical properties, and received another prestigious Being the only integrated special it is suitable for critical component order of special steel for India’s steel manufacturer in India with manufacturing of aerospace and flagship space programme unmatched research and development defence sector such as rocket “Gaganyaan”. Now, we have

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started supplying to almost all major missile programmes in India and also intend to make JSHL a major material supplier for ISRO,” The path-breaking vision of JSHL management to enter into defence and space sector, hard work of its team, rigorous qualification processes, innovative and continuous development approach made it possible for the company to become first Indian supplier of this critical application. JSHL is also producing Super Duplex grade of steel for naval applications, and supplying Ring Forgings/ Plates of this grade for Submarine Rocket Launchers against a prescribed requirement cornerstone at Jindal Stainless and composite parts for automotive, of DRDO.JSHL has developed High having identified the real pain point railways, metro and defence Nitrogen Stainless (HNS) Steel of Indian armour industry, the & aerospace sectors, etc. The in collaboration with Defence company has developed advanced plan is to model the unit, with Metallurgical Research Laboratory ballistic grade JD1 material that’s ultra-modern infrastructure, to (DMRL), DRDO for armour powered with excellent mechanical meet the emerging application- “Our core team applications at approximately and ballistic properties; qualifies specific requirements, through on defence half of the current RHA (Rolled SLR 7.62 X 51 NATO BALL in 5.5 Transfer of Technology (ToT) and space Homogeneous Armour) material mm thickness and AK-47 7.62X 39 from foreign Original Equipment cost along with superior quality (HSC and MSC) in 4 mm thickness. Manufacturers (OEMs). has rigorously in terms of yield and tensile The use of the material is likely JSHL is one of three companies worked with strength, impact strength, fracture to result in reduction of weight which have received license for Human Space toughness, corrosion resistance and will avoid import. “The the manufacturing of small arms. and Flight Centre and elongation. The use of HNS armouring materials developed In the wake of heightened need of of ISRO and in ballistic applications leads to in-house are fully capable and the military establishment, JSHL received another reduction in weight of systems compliant for use against the has taken it upon itself to produce prestigious and sub systems for Indian Army ongoing RFI/RFP for acquisition maximum numbers of defence order of 15CDV6 along with maintenance free of 8X8 armoured vehicle” application in India. To achieve for India’s characteristics. Jindal Stainless (Hisar) Limited this it has taken concrete step agship space Currently, Research and is a serious player and has a vision like finalizing partners for each programme Development Establishment of making Indian defence sector targeted application with some “Gaganyaan”. (Engineers) and DRDO has self-reliant. It is diversifying of whom it has already finalized identified use of HNS as a material from defence material supplier business structure keeping in Now, we of construction for manufacturing to manufacturing of defence mind the Buy and Make (Indian) have started Mine Trawl Application for Main applications like Small Arms, production model established by supplying Battle tanks. Mine Trawl have Bullet proof vehicle, Army bridges, DPP manual. to almost all already been tested against four Armour Tanks, Special Alloys and JSHL strongly believes that major missile consecutive blast of 10Kg TNT Composites for Defence Systems the company’s diversification programmes in and successfully passed the blast for Indian armed forces under into defence sub-systems and India and also test. OFB has identified material Ministry of Defence. systems manufacturing will not intend to make of construction for manufacturing According to Mr. A. Jindal, only give continued revenue JSHL a major Mine Protecting Vehicle which Managing Director, JSHL has stream to the Government but also material supplier is being developed by Vehicle established an exclusive prototype provide employment to a number for ISRO” Factory Jabalpur (VFJ) using HNS. unit at Gurugram, Haryana with of people, thus contributing Since inception, innovation the objective to develop and in overall socio-economic Abhyuday Jindal, Managing Director, Jindal and technology have been the manufacture glass/ carbon fiber development of India. Stainless Hisar Limited

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Revolutionising the Artillery Systems through Innovation

Nammo the Innovator we can consistently hit an area as small as the The Rocket-assisted Projectiles (RAP) have been center of a football field. And even though the around for decades. Nammo went a step further payload is somewhat smaller, the destructive by using a solid fuel ramjet and introduced a force will likely be greater because of the new concept in June this year that will enable accuracy,”says Danbolt. a country with modern 155 mm artillery system Nammo has signed a teaming agreement to launch precision strikes against targets more with Boeing to jointly develop and produce than 100 km away. the next generation of extended range artillery Elaborating further, Thomas Danbolt, VP of projectiles. The strategic agreement will Nammo’s Large Caliber Ammunition unit, said: leverage the companies’ combined expertise “This could be a game-changer for artillery. in guided munitions, projectiles and ramjet With the exception of a small number of propulsion to provide a superior, affordable precision-guided shells with 50-60 km range, capability for the United States and its partners most artillery systems still fire across the same and allies. Nammo is a world leader in projectiles distances as they did when the M109 was and propulsion and Boeing is a world leader in introduced more than 50 years ago. This could precision guided munitions. completely change that” Explaining the new concept, ErlandØrbekk, Nammo’s new ramjet missile concept VP Technology with Nammo’s business unit was presented for the first time at DSEi for Aerospace Propulsion said“We have been 2019, London. It is the most ambitious building rocket motors for about 60 years, and project to date and has been powered by have specialised in small and powerful motors ramjet, guided artillery shell with a range for air-to-air missiles, such as Sidewinder, of up to 150 km. The new design is built IRIS-T and AMRAAM. Some years ago, we around a compact solid fuel ramjet which began looking at using air-breathing motors to is kick-started by launching it from cannon, help extend their range, but we quickly saw the likely to be operational around 2023-2024. and is a collaborative programme between massive impact this could have if we fitted it to Most missile variants – including air to ammunition and rocket engineers in Nammo. an artillery shell” air, ground to air and naval missiles – can be “In practice, this is a mix of a missile and an The new design is expected to see its first used with ramjet motors. Nammo believes artillery shell. We are talking about a range that live-fire tests in 2020. Test firing of the new this – in time – will lead to significant change is five to eight times greater than conventional projectile is planned to commence in 2019-2020, in the business. artillery. With the guidance system, we believe while the new artillery ammunition concept will “This is probably the most significant program our company has ever worked on. We believe it will change the way we fight in “THIS COULD BE A GAME-CHANGER FOR ARTILLERY. WITH THE the air; we believe it will change the way we EXCEPTION OF A SMALL NUMBER OF PRECISION-GUIDED SHELLS fight on the ground”, commented Nammo CEO WITH 50-60 KM RANGE, MOST ARTILLERY SYSTEMS STILL FIRE Morten Brandtzæg. ACROSS THE SAME DISTANCES AS THEY DID WHEN THE M109 The Background WAS INTRODUCED MORE THAN 50 YEARS AGO. THIS COULD Nammo is an international aerospace and defence company headquartered in Norway. COMPLETELY CHANGE THAT” With 2300 employees across more than –THOMAS DANBOLT, VP-LARGE CALIBER AMMUNITION UNIT, NAMMO 30 sites and offices in 13 countries, the

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(PHOTO: NAMMO/GRAPHICS: HARLEYS)

155 mm HE-ExR™ Ramjet

155 mm HE-LR 155 mm 155 MM Rocket assist LONG-RANGE IM HE-ER 155 mm HE Base bleed PROGRAM (Legacy)

Massive fire 24 KM 40 KM 85 KM 100+ KM Precision

company is one of the world’s leading providers of ammunition and rocket motors for both military and civilian customers. It is a world leader in the development and manufacture of shoulder fire systems and high-performance ammunition for various weapon platforms. Founded in 1998, with the merger of three major Nordic defense companies: Celsius AB, Patria Oyj, and Raufoss ASA - the major shareholders of the Group are the Norwegian Government represented by the Norwegian Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries (50 per cent) and the Finnish Defense and Aerospace Group Patria Oyj (50 per cent). The Nammo Group operates through four business units: Commercial Ammunition, Small

From left: Defense Attachee Hogne Rykkje; Managing Director Nammo India; Karanjit S. Chopra; Norwegian Ambassador and Medium Caliber Ammunition, Large Caliber to India Nils Ragnar Kamsvåg; Kjell Kringsjå Senior Vice President Business Development; Nammo Group. Ammunition and Aerospace Propulsion.

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 125 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA BUSINESS INITIATIVE

Its product portfolio includes shoulder-launched munitions systems, military and sports ammunition, rocket motors for military and space applications, and environmentally friendly demilitarisation services. Apart from artillery system, Shoulder Fired System, M72, Rocket Trainer, SMAW, SMAW-T and others are a few major products of Nammo. Nammo’s India Foray With the beginning of Nammo India Private Limited (NIPL) on June 3, 2016, the Group marked its presence in India. Its official launch ceremony saw the august gathering of Norwegian Ambassador to India, Norwegian Defence Attaché, representatives from the Commercial Section (Innovation Norway) along with the representatives from Indian Armed Forces and defence industries. Nammo is all geared up and ready to support India in its defence modernisation programme and to be an active participant in Make in India initiative.

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”THIS IS PROBABLY THE MOST SIGNIFICANT PROGRAM OUR COMPANY HAS EVER WORKED ON. WE BELIEVE IT WILL CHANGE THE WAY WE FIGHT IN THE AIR; WE BELIEVE IT WILL CHANGE THE WAY WE FIGHT ON THE GROUND”

MORTEN BRANDTZÆG, CEO, NAMMO

“We have seen that the expertise, production cost and excellent quality of products manufactured by Indian industries correspond perfectly to several of our product lines. I believe we have great opportunities for cooperation ahead of us,” says Kjell Kringsja, Senior Vice President, Business Development, Nammo Group. Taking into account, the Indian Armed Forces high end demands of these fire systems and ammunition that correspond well to Nammo’s product portfolio, Nammo is keen to offer both products and solutions that are adaptable to requirements of the Indian Armed Forces. Additionally, the partnership between Nammo and Indian defence manufacturers under Make in India through co-creation and co- development of extended range artillery will help in filling the gaps of Indian Army’s never-ending pursuit of lethality and overall capability edge in comparison to its neighbours. Thus, for Indian Army to have long range artillery fire power shell [155 mm HE-ExR (extreme range)] with a of a missile and an artillery shell and more advantage against its adversaries is imperative. range of up to 150 km can be a game changer. accurate. Nammo has already completed more Nammo’s Ramjet-powered,guided artillery With guidance, its projectile would be a mix than 150 successful tests of its ramjet engines and the artillery ramjets could reach up to 150 km with ease. Moreover, it can be fired from “WE HAVE SEEN THAT THE EXPERTISE, PRODUCTION COST AND every modern 155 mm L52 artillery gun– a trait EXCELLENT QUALITY OF PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED BY INDIAN it shares with all of Nammo’s other long-range shells making it cost-effective. INDUSTRIES CORRESPOND PERFECTLY TO SEVERAL OF OUR Accordingly, it has along with the Indian PRODUCT LINES. I BELIEVE WE HAVE GREAT OPPORTUNITIES FOR defence industry, defined concrete and interesting partnering areas to create an excellent platform COOPERATION AHEAD OF US” for strong cooperation in the future. At DefExpo 2020, Lucknow – Nammo will be KJELL KRINGSJA, SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT, displaying its entire product folio including the BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT, NAMMO latest innovative artillery concept.

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 127 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA PANORAMA INDIAN NAVY: SILENT, SWIFT AND STRONG Indian Navy in its true sense has emerged as a blue water navy and role model for for two other services of the armed forces through its indigenisation push

ndian Navy (IN) has over the years come a long way and transitioned itself from being a buyer’s navy to a builder’s navy. Committed to Make in India, the Navy has emerged as a role model for the other two Services of Indian Armed Forces as far as the adoption ofI indigenous equipment or any other services are concerned. Raksha Anirveda present Navy Day photo feature, to provide a glimpse into the holistic image of Indian Navy - the Blue Water Navy.

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RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 129 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA PANORAMA

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RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 131 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA APPOINTMENTS AIR MARSHAL MANAVENDRA SINGH ASSUMES CHARGE AS DIRECTOR GENERAL INSPECTION AND SAFETY

ew Delhi. Air Marshal Manavendra appointments. He was Assistant Singh, AVSM VrC VSM, took over as Chief of Integrated Defence Director General Inspection and Staff (Joint Operations) at HQ Safety, Air Headquarters in New Integrated Defence Staff, Senior Delhi on November 1. Officer-in-Charge Administration N The Air Marshal was at HQ Eastern Air Command and commissioned in the flying branch Senior Air and Administration of Indian Air Force on December Staff Officer at HQ Maintenance 29, 1982 as a Helicopter pilot. In Command. a distinguished career spanning Prior to his present appointment nearly 37 years, the Air Officer has he was Senior Air Staff Officer, flown a wide variety of helicopters Southern Air Command. He is an and trainer aircraft. alumnus of Defence Services Staff He has over 6,600 hours of flying College, Wellington and Army War in various challenging sectors College, Mhow. like the Siachen, the northeast, Instructor with vast instructional He is the recipient of Presidential Uttarakhand, the Western desert experience. Awards of Ati Vishisht Seva Medal and the Democratic Republic of During his career, the Air Officer (AVSM), Vir Chakra and Vishisht Congo. He is a Qualified Flying has held numerous important Seva Medal.

AIR MARSHAL D CHOUDHURY JOINS AS COMMANDANT OF NATIONAL AIR MARSHAL B SURESH ASSUMES CHARGE OF WESTERN AIR COMMAND DEFENCE COLLEGE ew Delhi. Air Marshal B Suresh PVSM AVSM VM New Delhi. Air Marshal D ADC took over as the Air Choudhury on December 16 Officer Commanding- took charge as Commandant of N in-Chief of Western Air National Defence College. He Command, Indian Air succeeds Vice Admiral Srikant. Force on November 1. Prior to this appointment, he was The Air Marshal is a highly Senior Air Staff Officer (SASO) decorated officer having been at the Headquarters of Western awarded the Presidential awards Air Command, New Delhi. He is an alumnus of National of Param Vishisht Seva Medal in Defence Academy (NDA), and was commissioned into 2019, Ati Vishisht Seva Medal in the fighter stream of India Air Force on Dec 22, 1983. 2005 and Vayu Sena Medal in 2001. The Air Marshal also an alumnus of the Royal College of He was appointed as the Aide de Defence Studies, UK, is a Post Graduate in Strategy and camp to the President on February on December 13, 1980. He is International Security from King’s College London and 1 this year. The Air Marshal has a ‘Sword of Honour’ awardee holds an M Phil degree in Defence and Strategic Studies. donned a military uniform for 47 from the Tactics and Air Combat He has a vast operational flying experience on all variants years; having joined the Rashtriya Development Establishment, a of the MiG-21, MiG-27, MiG-29 and Su-30 aircraft. The Indian Military College, Dehradun graduate of the Defence Services National Defence College, established on April 27, 1960, in 1972. Staff College, Wellington and a is a premier institution under the Ministry of Defence and An alumnus of the NDA, he post graduate from Cranfield is the highest seat of strategic education of the nation. was commissioned as a fighter University, Shrivenham, United pilot in the Indian Air Force Kingdom.

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VICE ADMIRAL DINESH TRIPATHI ASSUMES CHARGE AS COMMANDANT, INDIAN NAVAL ACADEMY New Delhi. Vice Admiral RB Pandit, AVSM Vice Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi has handed over charge as the Commandant, also commanded the Eastern Fleet from Indian Naval Academy (INA) to Vice January 15, 2018 to March 30, 2019. He Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi, AVSM, NM after was Additional Director General, Project a successful tenure of over 15 months on Seabird, prior to being appointed as the June 12. seventh Commandant of the Indian Naval Vice Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi, who Academy. has taken over as the Commandant of Vice Admiral RB Pandit took over as the Indian Naval Academy on promotion to Commandant of Indian Naval Academy on the rank of Vice Admiral is an alumnus February 19 last year. During his tenure, of the National Defence Academy, the Academy saw marked transformation Khadakvasala, Defence Services Staff in infrastructure and training facilities at College Wellington and US Naval War INA. Under the Flag Officer’s leadership, College, Newport, Rhode Island. appointments include Director Naval INA won many laurels, including Bakhshi The Flag Officer is a specialist in Operations, Principal Director Network Cup 2019, held between all six major Communication and Electronic Warfare Centric Operation, Principal Director Naval military Academies. Vice Admiral RB and has commanded IN Ships Vinash, Plans and Assistant Chief of Naval Staff Pandit was accorded a warm send off, Kirch and Trishul. His important Staff (Policy and Plans). with the traditional ‘Pulling Out’ ceremony.

AIR MARSHAL B SURESH ASSUMES CHARGE OF WESTERN AIR COMMAND LT GEN SK SAINI BECOMES NEW VICE CHIEF OF ARMY STAFF New Delhi: In his first order for a senior level appointment in the newly created He is a highly experienced Department of Military Affairs headed by Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin fighter pilot and has flown almost Rawat, Southern Army Commander Lieutenant General SK Saini has been all fighter aircraft and helicopters appointed the new Vice Chief of Army Staff, and took charge on January 25. of the IAF. The post of Vice Chief of Army Staff fell vacant after Lt Gen MM Naravane, then The Air Marshal is a ‘Jam vice chief, was elevated as the Chief of Army Staff. Gneral Saini is an alumnus Sataji Sword of Honour’ awardee of Sainik School in Punjab’s Kapurthala, National Defence Academy in Pune, from the prestigious ‘Tactics and the Indian Military Academy in Dehradun. He was commissioned into the Jat Regiment in and Air Combat Development June 1981. He has also served on international deputations including as the Deputy Chief Military Establishment’ (TACDE) – IAF’s Personnel Officer in the Iraq-Kuwait UN Mission, Global Peace Operations Initiative’s peacekeeping premier institution that develops exercise in Mongolia, and a counter-terrorism exercise in Australia. comprehensive offensive/ defensive combat tactics to be CMDE PR HARI ASSUMES CHARGE AS GRSE’S DIRECTOR (PERSONNEL) adopted by all components of air Kolkata. Cmde PR Hari took charge as Director (Personnel) of Garden power in war. Reach Ship Builders & Engineers Ltd (GRSE) on October 21. A retired During his illustrious career, Indian Navy officer, Commodore Hari joined GRSE in the year 2016 the Air Marshal has held a and held the position of Chief General Manager (Production Planning & number of coveted command Control) prior to his appointment as Director (Personnel). He has over and staff appointments. He three decades of experience spanning 28 years of commissioned service commanded a fighter squadron in Indian Navy with varied experience onboard warships, Naval repair which specialized in maritime air organisations and various staff appointments. Hari holds a Bachelor’s strikes and was deployed along Degree in Engineering and a Master’s Degree in Defence and Strategic Studies. He is also an alumnus the western border during the of the Defence Services Staff College and the Naval War College. Kargil war.

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 133 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA APPOINTMENTS LOCKHEED MARTIN APPOINTS WILLIAM BLAIR AS VICE PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE INDIA

engaluru: With a view report to Timothy Cahill, senior to expanding operations vice-president for Lockheed Martin in India following the International, and assumes the role government’s thrust on from outgoing chief executive and boosting Make in India in director for India Philip (Phil) Shaw. B defence, leading American In a career spanning 30 years, company Lockheed Martin he has held roles of increasing has appointed William Blair as vice- responsibility with global president and chief executive for its assignments including in India India operations. where he had worked earlier too. In this role, Blair will lead the His appointment signals growth and development of the a deliberate evolution and company’s business in India and enhancement of Lockheed Martin’s serve as the executive representative business in India, underscoring the for all the programmes, products importance of the Indian market to and services in the country. He will the corporation.

CALHOUN BEGINS ROLE AS BOEING BOEING APPOINTS NIEL GOLIGHTLY, SVP PRESIDENT AND CEO COMMUNICATIONS Chicago. David L Calhoun HICAGO. The Boeing on January 13 assumed company named the role of president Niel Golightly as the and chief executive company’s Senior officer of The Boeing C Vice President of Company.Calhoun, 62, Communications has served in various effective January 1, 2020. He senior leadership roles succeeds Anne Toulouse, who within several large-scale previously announced her plans enterprises including at to retire in early 2020. the Blackstone Group, Golightly, 61, will report to Nielsen Holdings and GE. interim CEO Greg Smith initially, He has served on the Boeing Board of Directors and then to President and CEO since 2009 and served as chairman from October David Calhoun from January 13 11 to December 22, 2019. onward. Golightly will serve on experience holding leadership “I’m honored to lead the talented people of the company’s executive council roles with FCA, Royal Dutch Boeing as we face our challenges. Working and be based in Chicago. Shell and Ford Motor Company. together, we will strengthen our safety culture, Golightly joins Boeing from Prior to his corporate experience, improve transparency and rebuild trust with our Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA), Golightly served for 14 years customers, regulators, suppliers and the flying where since 2018 he served as in the US Navy, including as a public,” said Calhoun. “With the strength of global chief communications fighter pilot and as speechwriter our team, I’m confident in the future of Boeing, officer. to the Secretary of the Navy and including the 737 MAX.” Golightly has 25 years of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs communications and strategy of Staff.

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CAITLIN HAYDEN NAMED SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT, COMMUNICATIONS BAE SYSTEMS, INC London. Caitlin Hayden has been named Senior Vice President, Communications of BAE Systems Inc. As a member of the senior leadership team reporting to President and Chief Operating Officer (COO) Tom Arseneault, Caitlin will lead the company’s external and internal communications activities in support of key business campaigns, community investment and employee engagement. Most recently, Caitlin served as vice president of communications for the Aerospace Industries Association (AIA), leading the organization’s outreach and communications functions, working with AIA member companies, including BAE Systems, to tell the aerospace and defence industry’s story in the US and globally. Caitlin joined AIA from Edelman, where she was executive vice president and media group director in the firm’s Washington DC office. Previously, Caitlin spent 15 years in the federal government. She served PRATT & WHITNEY NAMES as a Special Assistant to President Barack Obama, Senior Director for Strategic Communications and Press, and spokesperson for the National Security Council. ASHMITA SETHI MANAGING Prior to her work at the White House, Caitlin served with the Department of State in policy and communications assignments that spanned embassies and offices in Washington DC, Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Kingdom. DIRECTOR INDIA New Delhi. Pratt & Whitney, a division of United Technologies Corp, on December 19 announced SAFRAN’S BOARD OF DIRECTORS SELECTS OLIVIER the appointment of Ashmita Sethi to the position of Managing Director for India. ANDRIES AS FUTURE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER As Pratt & Whitney’s senior most in-country leader, Ms Sethi will provide strategic direction aris. The Board of for the company’s growth and business goals in Directors of Safran has India, and drive all of Pratt & Whitney’s operations selected Olivier Andries in India, including customer relations and support, as successor to Philippe the company’s customer training centre in P Petitcolin in the position Hyderabad, communications and governmental of Chief Executive Officer affairs. with effect on January 1, 2021, Ms Sethi brings more than 20 years of after a transition period of one experience from the defence and aerospace year starting on January 1, 2020. industry to this role and joins Pratt & Whitney Olivier Andriès, 57, is CEO of following a distinguished career in corporate & Safran Aicraft Engines since June, public affairs, and communications with Boeing 2015. He holds degrees from and Rolls Royce. Ecole Polytechnique (1981) and “I am very excited about the future of Pratt Ecole des Mines de Paris (1984). & Whitney in India, and this is a thrilling time to He joined Safran in March 2008, Group’s Defence and Security join this team,” Ms Sethi said. “The GTF engine as Executive Vice President, activities (2009-2011) and is the most innovative and competitive product in Strategy and Development. Propulsion activities since 2011 commercial aviation today, and Pratt & Whitney Olivier Andries has acquired (Safran Helicopter Engines and continues to innovate across all of its products solid operational experience subsequently Safran Aircraft and services to better serve its global customers.” over the past 10 years in the Engines).

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 135 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA PHOTO FEATURE 72ND ARMY DAY: THROUGH THE LENS Celebrated every year at all Army Command headquarters to honour the country’s soldiers, Army Day marks the significance of Lt Gen K M Cariappa taking over as commander-in- chief of the Indian Army in 1949 from General Francis Butcher, the last British commander- in-chief of India. Army Day 2020 celebration at Cariappa Parade ground in Delhi showcased military parades and various routines such as aerial stunts and bike pyramids. For the very first time, the Army Day parade was led by a woman army officer Capt Tanya Shergill. Raksha Anirveda presents the photo feature to capture the highlights of Army Day 2020 celebration….

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RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 137 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA IN NEWS

IAF TO INK DEAL FOR 83 TEJAS 2020 BE YEAR OF IMPLEMENTATION OF INDO-RUSSIAN DECISIONS: PM

LCA FROM HAL New Delhi. Coinciding with the 20th anniversary of establishment New Delhi. Negotiations on price of strategic partnership between are almost completed and the Indian India and Russia, Prime Minister Air Force (IAF) is likely to ink a deal Narendra Modi on January 16 with Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) suggested that 2020 should be for acquiring 83 Tejas Light Combat the ‘year of implementation of Aircraft (LCA), sources said here. decisions’ arrived between the two In December 2017, the IAF had issued countries in 2019. a single-vendor tender to the HAL for This was decided when Russian procuring 83 LCA. However, the deal Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov is yet to be signed owing to delay called on Modi. The Prime Minister in negotiations over the price of the noted that several important aircraft. decisions and outcomes were reached between the two countries in 2019. Lavrov briefed the “The cost negotiating committee Prime Minister on Russia’s position on key international and regional issues. There was also is almost finished with the price a detailed exchange of views on key regional and international issues including the situation negotiations of the aircraft. Once it is relating to Iran, Syria and Libya when Lavrov met his Indian counterpart. Lavrov discussed done, IAF will enter into a deal with with External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar on priorities for Russia as current Chair of BRICS the HAL,” a senior IAF official said. and SCO whose summit meetings would be held in Russia in July this year. External Affairs The deal for 83 Tejas LCA, which are Minister accepted Foreign Minister Lavrov’s invitation to participate in the next RIC meeting of the Mark 1A variant, is expected to to be hosted by Russia. The Prime Minister referred to the wide-ranging conversation he had cost the IAF in the range of Rs 45,000 with President Putin over telephone on January 13 and noted the progress in the Special and crore. The aircraft will have improved Privileged Strategic Partnership between the two countries in the previous year. Lavrov conveyed serviceability, faster weapon-loading that President Putin looked forward to the visit of the Prime Minister to Russia in May 2020 time, enhanced survivability, a better to participate in the 75th Anniversary Celebration of the Victory Day, and in July 2020 for the electronic warfare suite and Active BRICS and SCO Summits. Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar that will significantly enhance its capability, officials said. India, at present, has a shortfall of DEFENCE SECRETARY-LED EMPOWERED APEX COMMITTEE REVIEWS around 10-12 squadrons of fighter jets PROGRESS OF IAC PROJECT in its inventory even as the first four of the 36 Rafale multi-role aircraft are New Delhi. The Empowered Apex scheduled to arrive into the country by Committee (EAC) headed by Defence May next year. Secretary Ajay Kumar on January 20 reviewed the progress of Indigenous Aircraft Carrier (IAC-P71) project at Cochin Shipyard. The review critically examined the current status of the project as the IAC is in a very advanced stage of construction, and is scheduled to commence Basin Trials in early 2020 followed by the Sea Trials by mid 2020. This is the 13th EAC Review Meeting of the Project and the first to be held after the signing of the Phase-III of the IAC Contract on Octocber 31, 2019 between Ministry of Defence and Cochin Shipyard Limited. The Defence Secretary was accompanied by Vice Admiral Ashok Kumar, Vice Chief of Naval Staff; Vice Admiral GS Pabby, Chief of Material; Vice Admiral SR Sarma, Controller Warship Production & Acquisition from IHQ MoD (Navy) and other senior officers from IHQ MoD (Navy), Warship Overseeing Team and Carrier Acceptance and Trials Team.

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GRSE LAYS KEEL OF SECOND ADVANCED STEALTH FRIGATE PRESTIGIOUS PROJECT 17A BEML CMD RECEIVES MOST ADMIRED

Kolkata: Garden Reach Shipbuilders LEADER AWARD 2020 and Engineers Limited (GRSE) touched a key milestone in its Project Bangalore. Bharat Earth Movers Ltd 17A with the laying of the keel of its CMD Dr Deepak Kumar Hota has been second of three Advanced Stealth honoured with the ‘Most Admired Leader Frigates on January 24. The keel Award 2020’ for outstanding contribution was laid at GRSE’s Main Works as a leader focused on developing people Unit by D Santra, Structural Fitter and organisational capability. (Sk-II) of Shipbuilding Shop in the This award was conferred upon him by august presence of Vice Admiral G Indian Institute of Public Administration Ashok Kumar, AVSM, VSM, Vice (IIPA) & Forum for Emotional Intelligence Chief of Naval Staff. The occasion was graced next two ships in 2024 and 2025 respectively. Learning (FEIL) at a function in New Delhi by Rear Admiral VK Saxena, IN (Retd), Chairman Today’s Keel Laying marked another project on January 24. & Managing Director, GRSE; SS Dogra, Director milestone being achieved ahead of schedule by (Finance), Cmde Sanjeev Nayyar, IN (Retd), GRSE. P17A Frigates are state-of-the-art Guided Director (Shipbuilding) and Cmde PR Hari, Missile Frigates. Each of these ships are 149 Director (Personnel) and other senior officers of m long, with displacement of approximately the Indian Navy led by Rear Admiral G K Harish, 6670 T and a speed of 28 knots. The shipyard VSM, Director General (Naval Design) and GRSE. has been recently awarded with the ICC PSE The prestigious contract of Rs 19,294 crore Excellence Award (2017-18) for “Operational for construction of three highly Advanced Performance Excellence” and 16th National Stealth Frigates under Project 17A is the largest Award for “Excellence in Cost Management” ever order won by the company. This contract in the category of Medium Public Sector was signed between the Ministry of Defence Manufacturing Companies. and GRSE on February 20, 2015. The first ship The company is showcasing its shipbuilding is expected to be delivered in 2023 and the capabilities at DefExpo 2020 at Lucknow.

DAC APPROVES SEVERAL PROCUREMENT PROPOSALS TO BOOST MAKE IN INDIA

New Delhi. At its first meeting this year, the testing of trawl assemblies designed by DRDO Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) headed by for T-72 and T-90 tanks providing an important Defence Minister Rajnath Singh approved indigenous de-mining capability to the Army. procurement of equipment worth over Rs The strategic partner is expected to play 5,100 crore from indigenous sources. In a a transformational role in building an eco- significant step, it cleared the shortlisting system in the country, comprising development of Indian Strategic Partners (SP) and the entities, specialised vendors and suppliers, potential Original Equipment Manufacturers especially those from the MSME sector. The (OEMs) that would collaborate with SPs to DAC also accorded approval for inclusion of construct six conventional submarines in Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) in India aimed at boosting Make in India. manufactured locally by the Indian industry. Defence Procurement Procedure. This would The meeting, which is the first after the These systems will be used in deserts and provide avenues in capital procurement for constitution of Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS), plains and will provide comprehensive Electronic the Armed Forces to startups and innovators also considered several new and ongoing Support and Counter Measure capabilities to the working for iDEX and provide huge fillip to their proposals for procuring critically needed field formations in both communication and other budding efforts. platforms and equipment for the armed forces. aspects of Electronic Warfare. The decisions are also in keeping with the The equipment worth over Rs 5,100 crore include The submarine is being progressed under mandate given to the CDS and the newly- sophisticated Electronic Warfare Systems the ‘Strategic Partnership Model’, promulgated constituted Department of Military Affairs to for the Army designed by Defence Research in 2017 to give a major boost to Make in India in promote use of indigenous hardware by the and Development Organisation (DRDO) and defence sector. The DAC also approved prototype Services. RAKSHA A NIR VEDA IN NEWS

“SMART FENCE” ALONG RIVERINE INDIA, FINLAND INK MOU TO ENHANCE DEFENCE COOPERATION INDO-BANGLADESH BORDER TO New Delhi. India and COMPLETE MID NEXT YEAR: BSF CHIEF Finland inked a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to further defence cooperation between the two countries. The MoU was signed by Defence Secretary Dr Ajay Kumar and Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Defence of Finland Jukka Juusti. The MoU on cooperation in the field of New Delhi. The “smart fence” project Production, Procurement, Research and Development of Defence related Equipment and Industrial along Indo-Bangladesh riverine border cooperation was signed on the sidelines of Raisina Dialogue 2020 in New Delhi. in Assam is expected to be completed A draft MoU between the two countries in the field of defence cooperation among others was by July next year, the BSF chief VK Johri under discussion since the DefExpo 2018 and has now been formalised in the run up to DefExpo said in New Delhi on December 29. Border 2020, to be held in Lucknow from February 5. In 2019, Juusti had led a delegation to Aero India in Security Force (BSF) Director General (DG) Bengaluru and post his visit, the Permanent Secretary had evinced his interest to participate in ‘Make VK Johri said the project got delayed by in India’ vision and formalise an arrangement for Defence Industrial cooperation through an MoU. about six months as the region received On February 13, 2016, Prime Minister of Finland Juha Sipila had bilateral discussions with Prime heavy rains resulting in floods this year. The Minister Narendra Modi during his visit to India for the inauguration of the ‘Make in India’ week BSF chief was speaking on the sidelines of in April 2018. a press conference with his Bangladeshi counterpart, Border Guards Bangladesh (BGB) DG Maj Gen Shafeenul Islam. The BSF has been working to deploy a “smart INDIAN ARMY’S AIRBORNE EXERCISE “WINGED RAIDER” fence”, powered by technical surveillance and alarm gadgetry, at an about 55-km-long WITNESSES ABOVE 500 TROOPS stretch in Dhubri, across the Brahmaputra river in Assam. New Delhi. Indian Army saw participation of more than 500 Special Forces troops in the north- This border area is highly prone to illegal eastern theatre in the biggest ever airborne exercise ‘Winged Raider’. The exercise conducted migration and cattle smuggling due to the on January 10 saw soldiers of the Special Forces parachuting from C-130 Hercules and C-17 changing course of the mighty river. A similar Globemaster transport aircraft of the Indian Air Force besides Dhruv helicopters during the day and fence has been deployed by the BSF in the night. “The newly inducted aerial platforms and equipment were validated with clockwork precision Jammu region, along the Pakistan border, as and seamless integration between the Indian Army and Indian Air Force in difficult terrain. Exercise part of its Comprehensive Integrated Border Winged Raider demonstrated the operational readiness of our paratroopers and air warriors to Management System (CIBMS). undertake airborne missions,” Indian Army said in a statement on January 16. ‘IBG BEING GIVEN SHAPE IN NEWLY RAISED 17 CORP’ Kolkata: In a move to meet the current challenges in the northern borders, Eastern Army Command Chief Lt General Anil Chauhan on January 15 said the concept of Integrated Battle Groups (IBGs) is being given shape in the newly-raised 17 Corps. He said the Army has done a few exercises to validate the concept of IBGs as to what should be the organisation and structure of it, which the 17 Corps, the country’s first Mountain Strike Corps, performed. The Corps had carried out ‘Him-Vijay’, a mega exercise at a height of around 15,000 ft in Arunachal Pradesh in October last year.

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RAKSHA A NIR VEDA IN NEWS

IAF KEEN TO MAKE INDIGENOUS ASTRA MISSILE LONG RANGE WEAPON

New Delhi. Keen on making the indigenous Astra missile as its standard long-range weapon for fighter aircraft, the Indian Air Force is promoting its integration on board the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) as well as other platforms. With the French reluctant to integrate Meteor which is beyond visual range (BVR) air-to-air missile (AAM) on the LCA aircraft equipped with an Israeli-origin radar, DEFENCE MINISTRY SHORTLISTS 2 the Air Force is determined to bring down the heavy imports bill by selecting a home-grown option, DOMESTIC FIRMS FOR SUBMARINE and all set to opt for the Astra missile. Sources PROJECT said after the missile is inducted into the Su-30MKI fighter jets from which it has been tested, the system would be integrated on other foreign-origin combat aircraft. The performance of the Astra, sources said, is regarded to be better than similar Russian systems currently in service. New Delhi. Ministry of Defence on January 20 shortlisted two domestic firms-- Larsen & Toubro and state-run Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited--for the multi-billion-dollar JINDAL DEFENCE INKS DEAL WITH BRAZILIAN COMPANY TAURUS ARMAS S.A. contract to build six conventional submarines. The mega submarine project of the Indian Navy FOR SMALL ARMS MANUFACTURING is valued at over Rs 60,000 crore. The name of New Delhi. Jindal Defence, part Adani Group, which was considered to be one of O P Jindal Group, January 27 of the main contenders, has been rejected by the announced its venture into small MoD. The Ministry also approved five foreign arms manufacturing in India with companies for the mega contract, which is part the signing of a Joint Venture of a 30-year plan to construct 18 conventional (JV) agreement with Brazilian and six nuclear-powered submarines. According company Taurus Armas S. A. with to the Project 75 India, or P75 (I), the foreign a view to empowering indigenous company will enter into a partnership with manufacturing of an array of small an Indian firm under the Strategic Partnership arms. The agreement was signed model and jointly build the vessels in India. at the 1st Brazil–India Defence Industry Dialogue of the India-Brazil Business Forum (IBBF), organized by the Ministry of External Affairs, in association with CII, ASSOCHAM, and GSL-BUILT OFFSHORE PATROL FICCI. This forum is part of a business exchange program hosted in honour of Brazilian VESSEL ‘Y 1235’ LAUNCHED President Jair Bolsonaro’s official visit to India. This move by Jindal Defence is expected to bolster Indo-Brazil cooperation in the strategic defence sector. The agreement proposes Panaji. The third Vessel of the indigenous setting up of a JV Company at Hisar (Haryana) with equity participation from both, Project for five Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPVs) Jindal Defence and Taurus Armas S.A, in the equity ratio of 51:49. The JV Company will for Indian Coast Guard (ICG) was launched in manufacture small arms in India based on the Transfer of Technology from Taurus to a ceremony at Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) on achieve localization of production in accordance with the Defence Procurement Procedures. November 14. “To further strengthen the ‘Make in India’ vision of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Vijaya Shripad Naik, wife of Minister of our collaboration with Taurus Armas S.A. will support self-reliance in strategic small State (MoS) for Defence Shripad Yesso Naik arms manufacturing. The JV Company envisages creation of world-class infrastructure performed the launching rituals and named the along with adoption of best manufacturing practices to achieve perfection in design vessel as ‘Sajag’. The Vessel was launched and engineering, and achieve high quality standards. Moreover, with the technological with much fanfare at GSL in the distinguished expertise emerging with this JV, we aim to support the emerging demands of the Indian presence of Subhash Chandra, IAS, Secretary Armed Forces”, said Promoter, Jindal Defence, Abhyuday Jindal. This partnership aims (Defence Production); K Natarajan, Director to maximise existing domestic opportunities in the small arms manufacturing sector and General, Indian Coast Guard; RAdm Philipose G provide significant support to the ongoing and future modernization plans of the Armed Pynumootil, Flag Officer Goa Area; Commodore Forces, particularly the Indian Army, the Para-Military, and State Police Forces. Further, BB Nagpal, CMD, GSL and various other senior this move is in sync with the government’s vision of greater private sector participation dignitaries. in defence hardware manufacturing.

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FOURTH AND LAST ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE (ASW) STEALTH CORVETTE BY GRSE TO BE DELIVERED SOON

New Delhi. In a boost to Indian Navy’s firepower, Defence PSU Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) Ltd is set to deliver anti-submarine warfare (ASW) stealth corvette INS Kavaratti to it soon. ‘Kavaratti’ is the last of the four Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) stealth corvettes built by the GRSE for the Indian Navy under Project P28, GRSE Chairman-cum-Managing Director Rear Admiral VK Saxena said. “All trials of the ship have been successfully completed, and we plan to deliver it by the end of this month,” Rear Admiral Saxena said. ‘Kavaratti’ will be the 104th ship to be constructed and delivered by the GRSE, he said. With a displacement of 3,300 tonnes, the ship has a carbon composite superstructure, which has been flawlessly integrated with the steel hull through technology developed by the GRSE. “The carbon composite superstructure provides advantage of a lower weight of the warship, thus increasing its stability, manoeuvrability and faster acceleration,” GRSE chief said. The new technology will mean that the warship, which has 90 per cent indigenous components, will also require lower maintenance, he said. The ship is equipped to fight in nuclear, chemical and biological warfare conditions and its weapons and sensors suite is predominantly indigenous, sources said. The first of the four ASW stealth corvettes under Project P28 – ‘Kamorta’, was delivered to the Navy in July 2014, ‘Kadmatt’ was delivered in November, 2015 and ‘Kiltan’ was delivered in October 2017, a GRSE official said.

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 143 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA IN NEWS

BOEING, US NAVY COMPLETE FIRST SUPER HORNET IRST BLOCK II FLIGHT

ST LOUIS. For the first time, Boeing and the US Navy flew an F/A- 18 Super Hornet equipped with an Infrared Search & Track (IRST) Block II pod in late 2019. IRST Block II is a critical component of the Block III Super Hornet. The Block III conversion will include enhanced network capability, longer range with conformal fuel tanks, an advanced cockpit system, signature improvements and an enhanced communication system. The updates are expected to keep the F/A-18 in active service for decades to come. IRST is a passive, long-range sensor incorporating infrared and other sensor technologies for highly accurate targeting.

DRDO PUT INDIA ON NEW PATH HAL, WIPRO INK MOU TO DESIGN, THROUGH FIRST ANTI-SATELLITE DEVELOP, MANUFACTURE AND REPAIR MISSILE TEST AEROSPACE COMPONENTS

New Delhi. In a unique achievement in the field of satellite technology, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in 2019 carried out successfully the country’s first anti-satellite (ASAT) missile test — Mission Shakti. Apart from that DRDO successfully developed several important projects like Light Combat Aircraft for Indian Navy and Beyond Visual Range (BVR) Air-to-Air Missile Astra from Su-30 MKI platform. DRDO Chief Dr G Sateesh Reddy said Bengaluru. In a first Defence Public this year his organisation has set Sector Undertaking Hindustan Aeronautics ISA IS A HISTORIC INDO-US a target to achieve self-reliance in Limited ( HAL) and Wipro 3D, the metal PROGRESSION: VIVEK LALL missiles, radars, sonars, torpedoes, additive manufacturing (AM) business of armaments and early warning Wipro Infrastructure Engineering (WIN), New Delhi. The inking of the Industrial Security systems. He said that DRDO intends inked an MoU recently to design, develop, Agreement (ISA) between US and India is a historic to have no import for these systems prove out, manufacture and repair of progression between the two countries and is set in five years. aerospace components using Metal Additive to facilitate close technology transfer with the Technology. Indian private industry, a top Lockheed Martin It accentuates development, prove official has said. out and application of new material for The agreement, which was signed during the use in Metal Additive Technology. The 2+2 Dialogue between the Defence and Foreign path breaking initiative will focus on Ministers of the two nations in December 2019, development, prove out and production of will also ease the process of doing business aerospace applications including MRO, using including applying for licenses to support mutual Metal Additive Manufacturing. Prove-outs interests, said Vice President (Strategy and and certification of components developed Business Development) at Lockheed Martin using Metal 3D Printing is also a key element Aeronautics Dr Vivek Lall. of this co-operation.

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RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 145 RAKSHA A NIR VEDA BUSINESS INITIATIVE

GARDEN REACH SHIPBUILDERS & ENGINEERS: SETTING THE HIGH BENCHMARK IN INDIGENOUS SHIPBUILDING CAPABILITIES With many rsts to its credit, GRSE is the rst Indian shipyard to build and deliver over 100 warships to the Indian Navy, Indian Coast Guard and Mauritius Coast Guard. As part of the “Make in India” initiative, the company has put in considerable effort to increase the percentage of indigenisation with enhanced investment of its revenue capital in research and development towards the design and development of warships and engineering products. The Company has orders in hand for building 19 warships worth over Rs 27,000 crores. The shipyard has delivered ve warships to the nation in the last ten months.

Miniratna Category I company under the administrative control of the Ministry of Defence, GRSE’s primary focus is on building warships for the A Indian Navy and the Indian Coast Guard and has established itself for in-house ship design and shipbuilding capability making significant contribution to the success of indigenous warship construction programmes. GRSE has a dedicated ‘Central Design Office’ undertaking design and research and development, which comprises of a highly skilled workforce of 100 members, a majority of whom are engineers qualified from IIT and other premier institutes. Its association with the Indian Navy goes back 60 years, when it built the first indigenous warship, a “Seaward Defence Boat”, INS Ajay for the Navy. Till now GRSE has built 784 platforms. Of these, 68 are warships for the Navy and another 34 warships for the Coast Guard and 01 warship for Mauritius. From building 05 ton boats to 24600 ton Fleet Tanker(only Indian shipyard to build one), GRSE has done it all and has proved its mettle as a pioneer warship builder of the nation. GRSE has developed capabilities for in-house Design and Shipbuilding and made considerable contributions to the

GRSE HAS A DEDICATED ‘CENTRAL DESIGN OFFICE’ UNDERTAKING DESIGN AND RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, WHICH COMPRISES OF A HIGHLY SKILLED WORKFORCE

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indigenous Warship Construction bidding with other private and public Programme. From Frigates, Missile shipyards. These modern ships Corvettes, Anti-Submarine Warfare designed by GRSE are capable of Corvettes, Fleet Tankers, Landing full scale coastal and deep water Ship Tank, Landing Craft Utility to Hydrographic Survey and carry state- Survey Vessels, Offshore Patrol of-the-art Hydrographic Equipment Vessels and Fast Attack Craft – the for Oceanographic Applications.Keel repertoire is rich and varied. for the 1st Survey Vessel (Large) was GRSE has the distinction of laid at GRSE Main Works Unit on 08 building India’s first anti-submarine Nov 19. warfare corvette when the shipyard No less a feat is the bagging of built the Kamorta class stealth order for 08 nos. ASWSWCs, with corvettes for the Indian Navy. INS Early Warning Radars and Electronic Warfare other public and private players in Kamorta, INS Kadmat and INS Kiltan are System. Thus, GRSE can stake claim to be the the fray. Design work on the latest order for in service with the Indian Navy and with one stop shipyard in India for designing and the 08 ASWSWCs is in full swing. the delivery of Yard 3020 (INS Kavaratti) building Corvettes. Though Shipbuilding is the core business, being imminent, GRSE would complete the GRSE has also developed niche expertise GRSE has also diversified into Engine delivery of all ships under Project 28. GRSE in building amphibious platforms such as assembly/production at the Diesel Engine has indigenously designed and constructed Landing Ship Tanks (LST) and Landing Utility Plant, Ranchi and other engineering activities these state-of-the-art modern Anti-submarine Crafts (LCU). The 08 Landing Craft Utility Ships with the Engineering Division making Deck warfare corvettes for the Indian Navy. being built by GRSE are fully designed inhouse Machinery, Marine Pumpsand Pre-fabricated The detailed design provided by GRSE as per requirements specified by Indian Navy. Portable Steel Bridges. incorporates major features like ‘X’-shaped Seven ships have been delivered so far and The shipyard plans to invest in research hull form to improve stealth, a raft-mounted One is underfinal stage of construction. and development in order to augment efforts propulsion system to reduce vibration and GRSE has once again achieved over 90% in the development and design of warships noise, an infrared signature suppression indigenous equipment fit on these ships. along with the development of engineering system in its exhaust. The use of composite The FPV Project for constructing 05 ships products. materials in superstructures for the first for Indian Coast Guard is also underway As part of the “Make in India” initiative, time in the country has enabled the last two at GRSE with three ships delivered so far the company has put in considerable effort ships to achieve lower Radar Cross Section, and balance two are at advanced stages of to increase the percentage of indigenization lower Displacement to Power ratio and construction. over the last few years. A qualified and relatively higher corrosion resistance. GRSE GRSE is constructing 03 Stealth Frigates experienced senior management team and also achieved the distinction of becoming under the prestigious Project 17A for the a technically skilled employee base has the first Indian shipyard to integrate carbon Indian Navy. P17A Frigates are State-of-the- contributed to the growth of operations and composite super structure with steel hull. The Art Guided Missile Stealth Frigates which are the development of in-house processes and indigenisation achieved in these ships is close being built deploying the latest Integrated competencies. to 90%. The superior sea keeping abilities of Construction Methodology with enhanced GRSE is poised to explore global markets these ships has been proven beyond doubt by Pre-Outfitting to enhance Quality and reduce for its products. In 2014, it exported its first INS Kiltan during Exercise Malabar 2019 as Build Periods considerably. Keel Laying of 2nd warship and now seeks to substantially she navigated the effects of super Typhoon Advanced Stealth Frigate was undertaken grow its sales from ship exports. It intends Hagibis in the pacific ocean. on 24 Jan 2020,the milestone being achieved to market all its vessel sizes for export to The four ‘Kora’ class missile corvettes built ahead of schedule. various geographic locations. However, they by GRSE are still in active service with the Drawing on its design and construction anticipate exporting small and medium sized Indian Navy. These are frontline warships of expertise of Survey ships, GRSE has won warships and patrol vessels to South East the Eastern Fleet and are armed with SRGM the contract for designing and constructing Asia, West Asia, African countries and Latin Gun, Surface-to-Surface and Surface-to-Air four Survey Vessels (Large) for the Indian America, which would give it the opportunity Missiles and Anti-Aircraft Guns apart from Navy, a contract won on competitive to develop its export business. GRSE is poised to supply vessels of improved quality at lesser capital cost, enabling it to compete in the GRSE IS POISED TO EXPLORE GLOBAL MARKETS FOR ITS global arena. In order to achieve the aforesaid PRODUCTS. IN 2014, IT EXPORTED ITS FIRST WARSHIP AND strategy, the Company is in the process of upgrading its processes and products in line NOW SEEKS TO SUBSTANTIALLY GROW ITS SALES FROM with the latest technology to keep up with the SHIP EXPORTS demands of modern shipbuilding.

RAKSHA ANIRVEDA JANUARY - MARCH 2020 147 K9 Solutions A ssa ult Te am M od le e ic rn h iz Ve a C ti O o Vol 2, Issue 7, Oct-Dec 2019 N n

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