SINCE 1964 December 2019-January 2020 Volume 16 No. 6 `100.00 (India-Based Buyer Only) SP’s AN SP GUIDE P UBLICATION

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SEE DETAILS ON Page 2 www.spslandforces.com ROUNDUP The ONLY magazine in Asia-Pacific dedicated to Land Forces

In This Issue >> EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW Photograph: Indian Army

Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat

Page 4 India Gets it’s First Chief of Defence Staff Biggest reform in higher defence management rolled out with mandate to restructure military commands, bring about jointness among Armed Forces within three years. Vishal Thapar The newly appointed Chief of the Army Staff General Manoj Mukund Naravane after taking over as the 28th COAS, at the South Block, New Delhi Page 6 Fasten All Your Info About the Nation’s Biggest Defence Carnival Now with an App Defence Minister Rajnath Singh launches DefExpo 2020 app that holds remarkable features to ‘inform, engage and feedback’. Ayushee Chaudhary Army Chief Calls for

Page 8 ‘Make in India’: A Catalyst to Strategic Autonomy Current push of the Government towards Increased Use of indigenous defence production is a welcome step towards self-sustainable technological advancements and economic growth and it needs to be taken forward. Offensive Air Power In an exclusive interview to Jayant Baranwal, Editor-in-Chief, SP’s Land Forces, the newly-appointed Chief of the Army Staff General Manoj Mukund Naravane stresses that India has enough military options against Pakistan and its proxies without breaching the nuclear threshold

Lt General Abhay Krishna (Retd) SP’s Land Forces (SP’s): What is the fall- der without breaching the nuclear over- SP’s: Is there room for an enhanced air out of Pulwama incident and subsequent hang. As a result, Pak has ratcheted up element in India’s counter-insurgency Page 11 air strikes on Balakot, on the security violence on the line of control (LC) using posture? What are your views on this? Solutions for Night Warfare Capability environment of the sub-continent? ceasefire violations to keep the issue on COAS: The proliferation of terrorism and Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) Chief of the Army Staff (COAS): The simmer. These are being retaliated for the designs of non-state actors along with Page 12 major fallout of the Pulwama incident effect. There have been inputs of reacti- their ability to target the soft underbelly of Military Embrace of ‘Make in India’ with and the Balakot air strikes is that the vation of terror camps and launch pads democratic nations have created an asym- Make-II Proxy War design of Pak has received and renewed infiltration attempts. Pak is metry. In such a scenario, it is important Vishal Thapar a severe setback. Both were messages unlikely to shed its proxy war agenda and to review the roles, missions and capabili- to the adversary. Pakistan has realised continues with infiltration of terrorists ties of air power to tackle sub-conventional Plus that it cannot hold India to a nuclear and carrying out atrocities against inno- threats from insurgents, terrorists and The Future Soldier 14 blackmail and that adequate options cent civilians. We are geared up for these extremists who threaten national security. Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) are available with us to ensure that we challenges and a robust counter insur- The Balakot operation provided an oppor- News in Brief 15 remain steps ahead in the escalation lad- gency/ counter terrorism grid is in place. tunity for subsequent intelligence driven

6/2019 SP’s Land Forces 1 SINCE 1964

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SP's Official Defexpo Home Ad .indd 1 27/12/19 2:34 PM >> EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW

The Indian Armed Forces require- ber 31, 2019, upon completion newly-appointed Army Chief is every Army’s ultimate weapon, ment of a common head like the of his three-year tenure gets an General Naravane, gave an thus there is an urgent need to Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), for extension as the new rules allow exclusive interview to SP’s upgrade his equipment. Read single point of advice to the gov- the CDS to serve till 65 years of Land Forces, which is our lead about the turns and twists in ernment, improved integration age. The appointment of General story in this issue. this issue on the F-INSAS pro- amongst the three Services and Rawat as the first CDS did not With all signs pointing gramme took when it was sepa- avoiding overlap of infrastructure come as a big surprise as he was towards the government pushing rated from Battlefield Manage- and capital acquisitions which considered to be the front-runner indigenous defence production ment System (BMS) and BMS leads to a more streamlined sys- for the position. for self-reliance and economic was foreclosed in July 2018 due tem of reporting and decision A fortnight ago, on December growth, we have included an to lack of funds. Thus the current making, was pending since long. 16, the Government had cleared analysis by Lt General Abhay focus is on acquisition of person- Over the last few days, two the name of Lt General Manoj Krishna (Retd) on how ‘Make nel weapons and protection. major announcements by the Mukund Naravane as the next in India’ is a catalyst to strate- We wrap up this issue with Government of India dominated Chief of the Army Staff to take gic autonomy. A highly deco- the usual news digest and wish headlines over all other hap- over from General Rawat upon rated soldier, Lt General Abhay all you discerning readers a penings in the defence industry. his retirement. In the course Krishna had commanded the happy new year and Army Day. Since Prime Minister Narendra of his distinguished career, he South Western, the Eastern and Happy reading!

EDITORIAL Modi announced on August 15 had commanded the Eastern the Central Commands before that India will have a CDS, spec- Command and the Army Train- retiring from the India Army on ulation was rife as to who will ing Command before his last September 30, 2019. be the first CDS? The appoint- appointment as the Vice Chief of Night vision devices (NVD) ment came on December 30 Army Staff. would be more effective if the when the outgoing Chief of the While covering these appoint- image intensifier and the TI is Army Staff, General Bipin Rawat ments in this issue, SP’s Land combined to bring out the best was announced to be India’s Forces wishes the new CDS design features of both which first Chief of Defence Staff. The and the new COAS a highly is termed ‘Sensor Fusion’. An General, who was going to retire successful tenure. article on the subject is included Jayant Baranwal as the Army Chief on Decem- Soon after taking over, the in this issue. The infantry soldier Publisher & Editor-in-Chief

Photograph: Indian Army punitive operations that exploit the reach, cyber, precision weapon system, EW and flexibility and precision offered by offensive DEWs. The overall focus is to developing a air power. These operations will, however, capable and responsive force empowered to have to be carefully calibrated and executed fulfilling the mandate as laid down by the with restraint. government.

SP’s: What is the current status of the SP’s: What is the progress with regard to threat level on the border with Pakistan? the small arms procurement of the Army? COAS: Exact nature of threat level cannot COAS: To ensure the cutting edge of Infan- be disclosed. However, it is suffice to say try, due emphasis has been given to all fac- that on our Western front, we dominate our ets of its capability development. Following adversary completely across all spectrums are the significant milestones achieved in of operations. the recent few years with refer to capability development of Infantry: SP’s: Does the ISIS terror strike in Sri l Assault Rifles. Contract for 72,400 Lanka have implications for India? How Assault Rifles (7.62x51mm) has been do you perceive Sri Lankan claims that the signed with M/s Sig Sauer in February bombers received training in Kashmir? 19. First lot of 10,000 Assault Rifles COAS: The Indian Army is always ready has been received. The rifles are being to respond to any kinds of provocation by inducted for the frontline troops. terrorist and extremist groups. The ISIS l AK-203. The Inter governmental terror strike underlines the fact that path- agreement for production of AK Series ways to radicalisation and indoctrination SP’s Land Forces Publisher and Editor-in-Chief Jayant Baranwal with Small Arms by joint venture (JV) of do exist, even in the Valley and we are tak- Chief of the Army Staff General M.M. Naravane ROE/ Kalashnikov Concern and OFB ing all possible steps, kinetic and otherwise, was signed in February 19 with Russian to ensure a conducive environment for a tain Strike Corps like any other Corps will Army is looking at enhancing the overall Federation. The JV will pave the way for constructive state building process. The continue to remain relevant, albeit with a combat capability by replacing the integral manufacture of world class weapons in Sri Lankan claims may be verified by the variation in the structure and operational weapon of soldiers, improving his night Indian Army. National Investigation Agency which is cur- configuration of subordinate formations, fighting capability and providing high qual- l CQB Carbine & LMG. The procure- rently investigating the case. which will be based on IBGs rather than ity body armour. For Mechanised Forces, in ment of 5.56 x 45 mm Carbine and standard Divisions. addition to fleet upgradation and induction 7.62 x 51mm LMG for the operational SP’s: How do you view the post-Doklam of new equipment, night fighting capability essential quantity for frontline troops is situation on the China front? What is the SP’s: How do you view the process of Chi- needs are being addressed through Capital also in the final stages & should materi- progress on measures to enhance Indian nese acknowledgement on the UN designa- Procurement Schemes. For Artillery, focus alise soon. preparedness to the required levels? tion of Masood Azhar as a global terrorist? is on ‘medium’ isation of guns, precision COAS: Situation along the Line of Actual Are there lessons for India in dealing with munitions, long range strike and surveil- SP’s: What is the progress on ‘Strate- Control (LAC) has improved significantly terrorist groups enjoying state patronage lance capability. gic Partnership (SP)’ and ‘Make in India’ after the Doklam incident. Post Wuhan for the future? In Army Air Defence, steps have been model for development and manufacture of Summit, both nations have issued Strategic COAS: We view the UN designation of taken to replace the old weapon system and defence platforms? Guidance to their respective Defence Forces. Masood Azhar as a global terrorist as automate the control and reporting sys- COAS: SP Model is a promising long term The aim of such a directive is to maintain the culmination of years of hard-nosed tem. The Aviation fleet is being enhanced initiative aimed at building self reliance in peace and tranquillity along the borders, and consistent diplomatic efforts by our with focus on replacing old ageing fleet combat platforms/system. Towards expand- locally resolve differences and not to allow political establishment, complemented by and building combat aviation capability. ing the indigenous defence and aerospace difference to turn into disputes. our emissaries abroad. The designation was The Army is laying emphasis on niche and sector, I would say that it is the most whole- The guidance has manifested on the also made possible due to the understand- futuristic technology infusion in the fields of some initiative as it addresses the entire eco- Line of Actual Control (LAC) and conduct ing between us and China especially after artificial intelligence (AI), communication, system from large scale integrators, Tier-I, of troops from both sides has been cordial the Doklam incident and Wuhan summit. II and III vendors to life cycle sustenance despite some prevailing differences and issues, logistics. some friction in sensitive areas. SP’s: What are the Indian Army’s biggest “On our western front, However, I must admit that initiatives procurement priorities at this moment? of such scale and impact require collec- SP’s: Are there any changes in the Indian COAS: The Indian Army modernisation we dominate our tive and concerted efforts on part of all position regarding the Mountain Strike plans are aligned to cater for the current stakeholders. Indian Army has one seg- Corps? and emerging threats and towards achiev- adversary completely ment i.e FRCV under this model and we COAS: Conceptually all Strike Corps are ing desired capabilities in the long term. The are making substantial progress. We are capable of operating in both plains and 13th Army Plan, currently in vogue from across all spectrums of having detailed discussions with some mountains with the exception of mecha- 2017-22, is based on our immediate and operations” very important players and are hopeful nised elements which have limited avenues emerging security needs. of obtaining Government sanction for the of employment in mountains. The Moun- As far as Infantry is concerned, the project soon. SP

6/2019 SP’s Land Forces 3 >> Jointmanship India Gets it’s First Chief of Defence Staff

Biggest reform in higher defence management rolled out with mandate to restructure military commands, bring about jointness among Armed Forces within three years

Photographs: PIB  Vishal Thapar The meat of his role he biggest reform in India’s will be to assign inter- higher Defence management was rolled out on December 30, with service priority to the Government announcing the appointment of General Bipin military procurements TRawat as the first Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) to helm the effort to integrate the and, as such, determine functioning of the armed forces. In a brief late night announcement just the Capital allocations hours before his scheduled retirement as for the three Services in Chief of Army Staff, the Government on December 31, General Rawat was named the Defence Budget. For CDS with effect from December 31 on exten- sion of service. discharging this role, the Significantly, the announcement did not specify the length of tenure, cryptically CDS will be a member of mentioning that General Rawat would serve in this position “until further orders”. the Defence Acquisition “Government has decided to appoint General Bipin Rawat, as the Chief of Defence Council and the Defence Staff (CDS) with effect from December 31, Planning Committee. 2019 and until further orders and exten- sion in service of General Bipin Rawat with December 31, 2019 and till such period he holds the office of CDS,” the Ministry of Defence stated in a press release. AT THE HELM: Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat flanked by the Chief of the Army Staff civilian officers. In his role as permanent Earlier, on December 30, the Govern- General M.M. Naravane (extreme left) and Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral Karambir Singh (second chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee, the from left) and Chief of Air Staff Air Chief Marshal R.K.S. Bhadauria (on extreme right) after taking over ment announced an Amendment to Army, as India’s first Chief of Defence Staff. Integrated Defence Staff will report to Gen- Navy and Air Force Rules, extending the age eral Rawat. of retirement of a four-star officer from 62 The meat of his role will be to assign to 65 years while serving as CDS. inter-service priority to military procure- General Rawat will formally take over ments and, as such, determine the Capi- as CDS on January 1. His appointment was tal allocations for the three Services in the widely welcomed in military circles. Defence Budget. For discharging this role, The CDS will head a newly-created the CDS will be a member of the Defence Department of Military Affairs with the Acquisition Council and the Defence Plan- mandate to facilitate “Integration, Collabo- ning Committee. ration, Convergence and Rationalisation” Prime in the charter of roles and among the three armed forces. responsibilities for the apex military officer The charter of roles and responsibilities is to “implement Five-Year Defence Capital requires the CDS to “being about jointness Acquisition Plan (DCAP), and Two-Year in operations, logistics, transport, training, roll-on Annual Acquisition Plans (AAP), as support services, communications, repairs a follow-up of Integrated Capability Devel- and maintenance, etc, of the three Services opment Plan (ICDP)”. within three years of the first CDS assum- Promotion of the use of indigenous ing office”. equipment and, by extension, the ‘Make in He will also concurrently wear the hat The Chief of Defence Staff, General Bipin Rawat calling on the Defence Minister Rajnath Singh in India’ agenda will also be high on priority. of permanent chairman, Chiefs of Staff New Delhi on January 1, 2020 But the CDS will not by himself or through the Department of Military Affairs Committee, giving him the status of first While it is explicit that he will not have financial powers for procurements, The charter of roles among equals vis-a-vis the three service have command over forces or the Service which as a function shall remain with the chiefs but not exercise command over the Chiefs, the CDS through the Department Ministry of Defence and the Service Head- and responsibilities Service Chiefs, who shall continue to com- of Military Affairs has been mandated to quarters. mand and administer their respective Ser- “facilitate restructuring of military com- “Work exclusively pertaining to Military requires the CDS to vices independently. mands for optimal utilisation of resources matters will fall within the purview of the The CDS will also be the Secretary, by bringing about jointness in operations, Department of Military Affairs, while the “bring about jointness Department of Military Affairs, the fifth including through establishment of joint/ Department of Defence will deal with larger in operations, logistics, department under the Ministry of Defence, threatre commands”. issues pertaining to defence of the country,” the setting up of which will trigger a major The command caveat extends to tri-ser- the concept note for CDS states. transport, training, re-structuring within the Ministry of vice organisations like the Strategic Forces The charter of roles and responsibilities Defence. The Armed Forces – which have Command and the Andaman and Nicobar requires the CDS to “being about jointness support services, so far been treated as attached offices of the Command, which were so far reporting to in operations, logistics, transport, training, Ministry of Defence – will now be under the the chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee. support services, communications, repairs communications, repairs ambit of the Department of Military Affairs. While the CDS will “administer” tri-service and maintenance, etc, of the three Services The tasking for the office of CDS will organisations, “their military command within three years of the setting up of the and maintenance, etc, of be to function as the principal military will be with the Chief of the duly notified office of CDS. advisor to the Defence Minister and “to Service, which has a predominant role in The charter also gives the CDS the role the three Services within bring about jointness between the armed effective functioning of that specific tri- of evaluating plans for ‘Out of Area Contin- forces of the country in training, procure- service organisation”. However, tri-services gencies’ and Humanitarian Assistance and three years of the first ment, staffing and operations”. The three agencies related to Cyber and Space will be Disaster Relief operations. His office will also Service Chiefs shall continue to advise the under the command of the CDS. have authority to integrate and rationalise CDS assuming office” Defence Minister on matters pertaining to The Department of Military Affairs led international cooperation plans, including

SP www.spslandforces.com their domain. by the CDS will have a mix of military and military exercises with foreign militaries.

4 SP’s Land Forces 6/2019 K9 VAJRA-T - 155 mm / 52 Cal. Tracked Self Propelled Gun >> defexpo 2020 Fasten All Your Info About the Nation’s Biggest Defence Carnival Now with an App

During a review meeting for the upcoming exhibition, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh launched DefExpo 2020 app that holds remarkable features to ‘inform, engage and feedback’

PhotographS: PIB, Rajnath Singh / Twitter  Ayushee Chaudhary the stage for over 50 bilateral G2G Meetings, the signing of 40 MoUs, and participation aksha Mantri Rajnath from over 700 exhibitors (542 Indian exhib- Singh launched a mobile app itors and 160 foreign exhibitors). for the upcoming DefExpo 2020 The upcoming edition that is themed mobile app on Friday, December around ‘Digital Transformation’, is assured 27, 2019, in Delhi. The app was to witness larger participation of defence Rlaunched in the presence of Dr Ajay Kumar, manufacturers from both the public as well Defence Secretary and Subhash Chandra, as the private sectors, OEMs (original equip- Secretary, Department of Defence Produc- ment manufacturer) and MSMEs (Micro, tion (DDP), Ministry of Defence (MoD). Small and Medium Enterprises). The event The 11th edition of the biennial show is holds a promise to provide an ideal plat- scheduled to be held in the capital of Uttar form for business, decision makers and Pradesh, Lucknow, for the first time from policymakers to interact, to address com- February 5-8, 2020. mon concerns and to not only establish The DefExpo 2020 app is available on India as a defence manufacturing hub but the Android Play Store as well as the Apple also to bolster the global ecosystem. Cover- App Store. Developed by the Department of ing the complete spectrum of the country’s Defence Production, MoD, the app aims to aerospace, defence and security interests, engage with the exhibitors as well as visi- the show is expected to bring all the lead- tors. This is a significant step in marking the ing technologies in the defence sector under digital shift that we are experiencing in the one roof and present a host of opportuni- present times. ties for government, private manufacturers, The prominent features of the app are startups and the entire space as the event ‘inform, engage and feedback’. Some of proceeds. This edition of the show is also its more salient features include Business- being looked to be an invaluable source of to-Business Exhibitor Connect; Exhibitor ground-level intelligence and insight that Chat; Ticket booking; accommodation in cannot be picked up from a distance, espe- Tented City; Push notifications and social cially for those who have long term goals media. The feedback mechanism in the in the Indian defence industry. The expo is envisioned to showcase India as the emerg- ing defence manufacturing hub. Some of its more salient Last month while speaking at the Ambassadors’ Round Table on DefExpo features include Business- 2020, the Defence Minister had remarked that the event will provide an opportunity to-Business Exhibitor for countries to showcase their equipment Connect; Exhibitor and platforms, while also letting them explore the strength and capabilities of Chat; Ticket booking; India’s defence industry for meeting opera- tional goals. This was mentioned in a major accommodation in Tented outreach attempt to the top defence manu- facturing industries of the world. City; Push notifications “The DefExpo will be an opportunity to foster partnerships and be part of shared and social media. The app prosperity. These strong ties can boost also provides detailed investment, expand manufacturing, raise The Union Minister for Defence, Rajnath Singh launching the DefExpo 2020 mobile App, the level of technology and accelerate the in New Delhi on December 27, 2019. The Defence Secretary, Dr Ajay Kumar and economic growth of the respective coun- information about day-to- the Secretary (Defence Production), Subhash Chandra are also seen. tries. India’s defence sector has matured and day events; participating is exploring mutually beneficial partner- app is another essential feature to help fur- including foreign companies, have registered ships with friendly nations to set up indus- exhibitors; Defence Public ther improve operations during the event. so far, surpassing the numbers of DefExpo tries in the country and abroad,” Singh said The app also provides detailed informa- 2018. This also makes this edition the larg- during the Round Table. Sector Undertakings tion about day-to-day events; participating est-ever defence exhibition. The senior offi- The Round Table was also organised to exhibitors; Defence Public Sector Undertak- cials also informed that the exhibition space brief the representatives of foreign missions (DPSUs), guest speakers ings (DPSUs), guest speakers of seminars/ booked by the exhibiters has also up to nearly based in New Delhi about the arrangements of seminars/webinars; webinars; publications i.e., electronic bro- 41,000 square metres which is as much as being made for the DefExpo and derive sug- chures and e-books; maps and directions of 52 per cent to more, in comparison with the gestions from them to further improve the publications i.e., electronic the venues as well as the host city’s weather. last edition. Foreign delegations at the level experience, a statement from the Defence The Defence Minister launched the of Defence Minister and Service Chief are Ministry said. brochures and e-books; app during a review meeting of the ongo- confirmed from 18 countries with dozens The Defence Minister also added that ing preparations of the forthcoming show. of MoUs (Memorandum of Understandings) the event will showcase the government’s maps and directions of the Dr Ajay Kumar, Subhash Chandra and also expected to be inked during the expo. intent to achieve a turnover of $26 billion other senior officials also attended the The previous edition of the biennial in aerospace and defence goods and services venues as well as the host review meeting. mega defence exhibition-pitched India as by 2025. SP city’s weather. Singh reviewed the preparations and the ‘Emerging Defence Manufacturing Hub’. was also informed by the senior officials that The DefExpo 2018 turned out to be one of Detailed information about DefExpo 2020 can

www.spslandforces.com a record number of over 880 exhibitors, the biggest hosted defence show as it became be checked at www.defexpo.gov.in.

6 SP’s Land Forces 6/2019 KALYANI GROUP ADVANCING towards making India self-reliant.

With a comprehensive portfolio of Artillery, Protected vehicles, Armored vehicle upgrades, Ammunition, Missiles and Air defense and Defense electronics, we have developed indigenous components and sub-systems based on the parameters set by the Indian Army. Our in- house capabilities and R&D facility enables us to be innovative and self-reliant. We are a strong believer of Made in India and have successfully implemented it. KALYANI GROUP - proud to be a strong arm of the Armed Forces. >> expert’s views ‘Make in India’: A Catalyst to Strategic Autonomy

If India looks to retain strategic autonomy without binding alliance then India has no option but to become a regional dominant power. Current push of the Government towards indigenous defence production is a welcome step towards self-sustainable technological advancements and economic growth and it needs to be taken forward.

 Lt General Abhay Krishna (Retd) sooner than later India will be compelled capability, both manpower and technol- burgeoning job opportunities that is going to face this challenge, besides tackling pres- ogy wise as also whatever it takes to make a to be available with the Government’s push Rising Blocs ence of other powers too in the region. country visible and respectable in the world. towards defence production and move In the current changing global security India undoubtedly enjoys a geographical Current push of the Government towards towards self-sustainability in research and dynamics where two blocs are clearly seen advantage because of the peninsular India indigenous defence production is a welcome development of new technology and weap- emerging, then to maintain a strategic jutting deep into Indian Ocean which not step towards self-sustainable technological onry. Understanding the initiatives of our autonomy without getting into any bind- only acts like an unsinkable aircraft carrier advancements and economic growth and Government like, ‘Make in India,’ ‘Start-up ing alliance is not an easy option for any giving much needed reach to own air force it needs to be taken forward. It will provide India’ and ‘Atal Innovation Mission,’ will country which shares a geographical land but also provides avenues for widely spread opportunity and challenges to our youth help our young generation to connect with or water segment with either bloc. The large number of naval bases in all three within the national arena. This will increase the upcoming 250 start ups and defence Strait of Malacca is one of the most criti- directions thus retaining the capability to job opportunities and curtail the brain drain. manufacturing industries and opening up cal shipping lanes in the world linking the concentrate its forces jointly with Air Force Incentive to Indian industry for defence pro- of enormous opportunities of employment Indian and Pacific Ocean. Similarly, on the and isolate and check the intruders asser- duction will provide umpteen opportunities and growth in the field of defence manufac- western side Strait of Hormuz is the only tiveness or any developing maritime threat. to our youth to initiate various start-ups and turing. The increase in awareness will moti- sea passage to the oil and gas rich Nations open up avenues for the innovative minds to vate the younger generation to work in the of Persian Gulf. These two acts as strategic Defence Superiority contribute towards national growth. “The field and come up with innovative solutions choke points in the energy transportation. India has always been wary of forming Defence Ministry would fund 250 start-ups, for the same through R&D, thus contribut- Indian Ocean Region where all these joins any military alliance and prefers to main- 16 personal initiatives and five defence inno- ing towards ‘Make in India’ and establish- and through which the world trade is car- tain strategic autonomy. For avoiding get- vation hubs through the defence innovation ing a robust military industrial complex. ried out by both major and minor economic ting into any binding alliance India has no organisation in five years,’’ said our Raksha This in turn will also not only earn revenue powers, thus undoubtedly has a great stra- option but to grow her military capability Mantri Rajnath Singh while addressing a but also encourage participation with a tegic relevance in today’s unfolding global in terms of technology and become self- business seminar ‘India Rising’, organised sense of ownership.” security scenario. reliant in defence production. “It is well by the Indian Chamber of Commerce at the It wasn’t surprising that General M.M. said that when nations go to war, the one Defence & Security Exhibition 2019. He fur- One Path – One Motive Naravne immediately on taking over the with best technology is most likely to win. ther added that under the draft Defence Pro- If the Decisive Government of India looks at reins of the Indian Army emphasised on This was evident even during the times of duction policy 2018, the Indian Government retaining strategic autonomy without bind- focussing towards capability development Anglo-Mysore wars when the innovation eyes $5 billion defence exports by 2025. ing alliance then India has no option but to on Northern Borders. Undoubtedly in the in military use of rockets instilled fear in The time is, therefore, ripe for all of become a regional dominant power beyond recent years China has always kept Indian the minds of the British by Mysore rulers us to commence a process to reach out to the confines of the Western and North- Army’s attention drawn and focussed of this region” asserted our Raksha Man- younger generations, that right eye at the ern land borders and extend into deep blue on the Northern Borders by attempting tri Rajnath Singh soon after flying a sortie right time starting from senior classes in waters to be able to not only protect own shallow incursions on and off. However, in Tejas at Bengaluru. He further added, school to colleges, young entrepreneurs, trade and energy interests but also dominate somehow not much has been heard about “India needs to focus more on research and industries and business houses and provide the strategic sea lanes in our own Indian gradual increasing presence of China in the development (R&D) and innovation as it will them the avenues to get requisite expo- Ocean region. Thus, the newly appointed Indian Ocean. Though we have quite a few help the country in becoming self-reliant in sure to unfolding global security scenario, CDS has to play a vital role in balancing the run ins but there is no compelling evidence defence production.” how it impacts us, capability of our armed larger picture through the combined prism yet to suggest that the Chinese Navy has The Year 2018 was an eventful year forces beyond the borders, defence produc- of all three services vis-à-vis nation’s long- engaged in overtly aggressive military activ- when MoD, GoI took policy decision to set tion, modernisation, technology, defence term strategic goal and available resources. ities as Beijing feigns innocence and plays up two Defence Production Corridors, one economy, ‘Make in India’ initiatives and Defence superiority can only be built over down the incidents. However, this does not each in Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. industry opportunities available. This expo- a period of time through building a strong ensure that there is no intention to do it Undoubtedly these initiatives will go a long sure will not only help our youth to develop defence economy and self-reliance in defence in the future. Till few years ago China pro- way in making India self-reliant in defence a deep sense of responsibility towards the sector. The process has finally taken off. We jected itself as a rising economic power but production through ‘Make in India’ initia- nation but also make them understand the need to maintain the momentum connect- was evasive when queried about their naval tive thereby providing the necessary long- ing the young generation with a long-term power. But now it is certainly not so. awaited cutting edge to our armed forces strategic vision and detailed road map irre- Trade and energy dominance by power over the adversaries. The 10th edition of India has always been spective of who’s in charge. blocs is largely dependent on reliable and biennial ‘Defence Expo’ was organised in secure oil and gas supply, the bulk of which April 18 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu where the wary of forming any Summary goes through the Indian Ocean region. Any tag line of the event was, “India: The Emerg- military alliance and If India looks to retain strategic autonomy blockage, therefore will lead to threatening ing Defence Manufacturing Hub.” The next without binding alliance then India has no the global or the regional economy. Thus, DefExpo is now scheduled at Lucknow, prefers to maintain option but to become a regional dominant overpowering security concerns of Nations Uttar Pradesh, in February 2020. There is power beyond the confines of the Western related to protecting their major trade route always a nagging worry that cost of military strategic autonomy. For and Northern land borders and extend through Indian Ocean region involving import bill drills a big hole in the nation’s into deep blue waters to be able to not only transportation of goods and energy commod- budget basket and thus procurement plan avoiding getting into any protect own trade and energy interests ities like oil, coal and natural gas have served more often than not gets restricted to meet- but also dominate the strategic sea lanes to enhance the military presence of major ing ‘minimum essential requirement’ only. binding alliance India of the Indian Ocean region. Current push world powers in the Indian Ocean region. Hence indigenisation is imperative – beg has no option but to grow of the Govt towards indigenous defence borrow or steal as the saying goes – but production is a welcome step towards self- Deep into Blue Waters “develop indigenously” should be our man- her military capability in sustainable technological advancements However, under the prevailing circum- tra. Defence Production should not only aim and economic growth and it needs to be stances covering the maritime domain from at becoming not only self-reliant but also an terms of technology and taken forward. SP Chabahar, Gwadar, Hambantota, Chit- arms exporter because only an economically tagong to Strait of Malacca, China’s asser- sound India can achieve defence superiority. become self-reliant in Lt General Abhay Krishna had commanded the tiveness in the Indian Ocean Region is not South Western, the Eastern and the Central likely to put India’s maritime security in Youth Connect defence production. Commands before retiring from the India

www.spslandforces.com jeopardy in the immediate future but no It goes without saying that India has the Army on September 30, 2019.

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STRATEGY & PERSPECTIVE CONFLICTS TO WATCH CONFLICTS TO WATCH BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENCE: AFFORDABLE OPTIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES CONTENTS CONTENTS CONTENTS

the face of Pakistan’s military incursions. In December 2007, CHINA carries risks, as unregulated and relatively inexperienced contrac- According to the United States, claimant countries, under UN How the S-400 will defend India the existence of the TTP was officially announced, under the tors may exacerbate security problems. There are indications that Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), should have freedom leadership of Baitullah Mehsud. In 2014, former Pakistan Prime China’s Marine Corps could become its principal ready response of navigation through EEZs in the sea and are not required to notify 17

AFGHANISTAN

Minister Nawaz Sharif’s attempts to negotiate a peace agreement force in the region. A Marine company is already deployed to the claimants of military activities. In July 2016, the Permanent Court with the TTP failed as they attacked the international airport Kabul Chinese base at Djibouti (which has facilities to accommodate up of Arbitration at The Hague issued its ruling on a claim brought CHINA S-400 Specifications: in Karachi. In Jun 2014 the Pakistan government launched an IRAN Islamabad to 10,000 personnel). There are reports of Chinese security pres- against China by the Philippines under UNCLOS, ruling in favour Role: Long-range anti-access/area offensive against TTP strongholds in North Waziristan. The TTP ence in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir to protect transport infrastruc- of the Philippines on almost every count. While China is a signatory denial Punjab Equipment: Each S-400 battalion has VEHICLES responded with several attacks, including the December 2014 ture and construction units, and there has been speculation about to the treaty, which established the tribunal, it refuses to accept the WEAPONS VEHICLES VEHICLES WEAPONS WEAPONS WEAPONS WEAPONS EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT attack on the Army Public School in Peshawar that killed nearly future deployments to Gwadar. Several Chinese military exercises court’s authority. EQUIPMENT eight launchers, a command centre, 150 people, mostly school children, in the deadliest terrorist PAKISTAN in the Indian Ocean region are openly focused on using Chinese In recent years, satellite imagery has shown China’s increased two radars, mast and up to 72 missiles attack in Pakistan’s history. Delhi forces to protect BRI projects. But in protecting people and assets, efforts to reclaim land in the South China Sea by physically increas- Jammu & Range: 120 to 400 km, depending on Following the Peshawar school attack, Pakistani political par- Balochistan China may also increasingly find itself drawn into the local secu- ing the size of islands or creating new islands altogether. In addi- Islamabad Kashmir missiles deployed ties agreed on a comprehensive National Action Plan to combat ter- rity affairs. As China’s Global Times recently argued, “China has tion to piling sand onto existing reefs, China has constructed ports, CHINA’S NATIONAL DEFENCE Targets: Hostile aircraft, missiles, rorism and extremist ideology across the country, and Sharif lifted INDIA always adhered to the principle of non-interference in the internal military installations, and airstrips—particularly in the Paracel and Sargodha stealth jets, drones Sindh Himachal the death penalty moratorium to allow the execution of convicted affairs of other countries, but that doesn’t mean Beijing can turn a Spratly Islands, where it has twenty and seven outposts respec- Missile speed: 17,000 kmph. Faster Lahore Pradesh than any aircraft

terrorists. After nearly two years, in June 2016 the Pakistani military deaf ear to the demands of Chinese enterprises in protecting their tively. China has militarized Woody Island by deploying fighter jets, eng.chinamil.com.cn /Hu Jing & Sun Zhenqi Punjab 3 IN THE NEW ERA Reaction time: Vehicle stopping to declared that the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) had overseas investments.” cruise missiles, and a radar system. China’s claims threaten SLOCs, Quetta missile firing is 5 minutes & STRATEGY been cleared of militants. Pakistan Army claimed that roughly 3,500 which are important maritime passages that facilitate trade and the & STRATEGY Haryana & STRATEGY

Arabian PERSPECTIVES PERSPECTIVES Numbers ordered: 5 systems militants were killed and 500 Pakistani soldiers had died in the Sea South China Sea movement of naval forces. PERSPECTIVES clearing operations. China claims sovereignty over the South China Sea, estimated to The United States has challenged China’s assertive territorial The tenth Defence Whitepaper was released by China on July 24, 2019. From 1998 to 2010 China has issued a PAKISTAN have 11 billion barrels of untapped oil, 190 trillion cubic feet of nat- Despite Pakistan Govt’s declaration of success; on the one Areas dominated by different major ethnic groups claims and land reclamation efforts by conducting FONOPs and defence white paper every two years. The previous Whitepaper was published in 2015. hand TTP and other militants continue to carry out major attacks ural gas and fishing areas. Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, bolstering support for Southeast Asian partners. Japan has sold mil- e.g. March 27, 2016, Lahore Gulshan-e-Iqbal Park Easter suicide Taiwan, and Vietnam have competing claims. Since the 1970s, itary ships and equipment to the Philippines and Vietnam in order Lt General Subrata Saha (Retd), Military Expert and Consulting Editor, SP’s Military Yearbook analyses the attack and the 8th August 2016 suicide bombing in the Quetta Govt Rich in natural resources like natural gas, oil, coal, copper, sulphur, countries began to claim islands and various zones in the South to improve their maritime security capacity. The US defense treaty White Paper put out by China. hospital; on the other hand Pakistan Army and ISI provide support fluoride and gold, this is the least developed province in Pakistan. China Sea, such as the Spratly Islands. with Manila could draw them into a potential China-Philippines to the Haqqani network, Lashkar-e-Taiba, and other militant proxy Sunni Islam is the predominant religion. China maintains that under international law, foreign militaries conflict over the substantial natural gas deposits or lucrative fishing groups that carry out attacks in Afghanistan and India. Attacks The conflict in Balochistan is one of “nationalist/self-determi- are not allowed to conduct intelligence-gathering activities, such grounds in disputed territory.4 Karachi TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY claimed by the Islamic State in Pakistan are also a cause of concern nation”. The Balochistan Liberation Army, designated as a terrorist as reconnaissance flights, in its exclusive economic zone (EEZ). India supports freedom of navigation and over flight, unimped- oday, with their THE STATE COUNCIL INFORMATION OFFICE has entered a new era. INDIA as many fighting under the Islamic State’s banner in Afghanistan organisation by Pakistan and Britain, is the most widely known ed commerce, based on the principles of international law. India interests and securi- The Chinese government are believed to be former TTP militants who fled across the border, Baloch separatist group. Other separatist groups include Lashkar-e- believes that States should resolve the disputes through peaceful ty intertwined, peo- OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA JULY 2019, is issuing China’s National a phenomenon that has raised fears of an Islamic State-inspired Balochistan and the Baloch Liberation United Front (BLUF). means without threat or use of force and exercise self-restraint in CHINA TAIWAN ple across the world FIRST EDITION 2019 Defense in the New Era to campaign of violence inside Pakistan. Pakistan repeatedly alleges involvement of India and the conduct of activities that could complicate or escalate disputes Arabian UN are becoming mem- expound on China’s defensive Sea In 2018 the US administration suspended security assistance Afghanistan in supporting the Balochi movement. The former Convention’s affecting peace and stability. 200 nautical bers of community national defence policy and to Pakistan over their continuing unwillingness to target militants American Af-Pak envoy Richard Holbrooke said in 2011 that LAOS mile limit Twitha shared future. China is at a critical stage of completing the explain the practice, purposes and significance of China’s efforts to who receive sanctuary in Pakistani territory and carry out attacks Pakistan had failed to provide any evidence to the United States Civil War in Syria building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and build a fortified national defence and a strong military, with a view South BUSINESS

in Afghanistan. More than $800 million in security assistance was that India was involved in separatist movements in Balochistan. PARACEL ISLANDS The civil war in Syria started in 2011 as protests against President BUSINESS

embarking on a journey of building a modernised socialist coun- to helping the international community better understand China’s BUSINESS China Assad’s regime. It quickly escalated into a full-scale war between suspended or redirected in 2018, and the US has cut off access for He did not consider Pakistan’s accusations against India credible. Sea try in an all-round way. Socialism and Chinese characteristics national defence. Pakistani military officers to US military training and education Holbrooke also strongly rejected the allegation that India was using THAILAND the Syrian government—backed by Russia and Iran — and anti- n LASER program based on a gas-dynamic carbon dioxide LASER BMD development involves high risk and brings a burden on programmes, in an effort to pressure the Pakistani government to its consulates in Afghanistan to facilitate Baloch rebel activity, say- PHILIPPINES government rebel groups—backed by the United States, Saudi that could reach 500 kilowatts. Scaling it up in power while the national exchequer. International collaboration with friendly Scarborough change policy. In June 2018 the Financial Action Task Force placed ing he had “no reason to believe Islamabad’s charges”, and that Shoal Arabia, Turkey, and others in the region. Currently, there are three EXPERT COMMENT maintaining the beam quality would be the challenge. nations which are willing to enter in mutually beneficial agree- Pakistan on the so-called “grey list” of countries not doing enough “Pakistan would do well to examine its own internal problems”. CAMBODIA campaigns driving the conflict; coalition efforts to defeat the Islamic n Feasibility of particle beams for missile defence is yet another ments and to develop ballistic missile shields for the future. India

to stop money laundering and terrorist financing. India too has categorically denied the allegations. VIETNAM State, violence between the Syrian government and opposition forc- promising technology. must identify its envisaged threats, evaluate its own technological Itu Abu Some distinct inferences can be drawn from the 2019 Whitepaper: The withdrawal of US forces from Afghanistan could increase The stakes in Balochistan have gone several notches higher due Island es, and military operations against Syrian Kurds by Turkish forces. n Space based tracking & Surveillance System for detection & constraints to face them and collaborate with international players 1. China is keen to position itself as the pivot for “world peace,” but with clear red lines defined on its core regional instability by allowing militants from Pakistan to estab- to the development of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) Spartly The Islamic State began seizing control of territory in Syria in tracking of ballistic missiles. Interceptors to engage incoming to build a missile defence architecture to enhance its air defence

Oslands INDIAN

“sovereignty, security, and development interests.” There is an endeavour to balance peaceful intentions and INDIAN DEFENCE lish safe havens in Afghanistan. Additionally, acute instability in and the Gwadar Port. Resource-rich Balochistan is at the heart 2013. After a series of terrorist attacks coordinated by the Islamic INDIAN missiles earlier in flight than would be possible with other mis- & nuclear deterrence capability and ensure nuclear stability in DEFENCE DEFENCE Pakistan has security implications for neighboring Afghanistan of the Beijing’s ambitious CPEC, which connects Gwadar Port in State across Europe in 2015, the United States, the United Kingdom, great power aspirations sile detection system. the subcontinent. Ballistic missile proliferation poses the greatest and India. The TTP is closely allied with the Afghan Taliban in its Balochistan with China’s Xinjiang province. The BLA is opposed and France—with the support of Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and other 2. China believes that “configuration of strategic power is becoming more balanced”. There is new found threat to regional security and needs an unfailing & perfect missiles battle against Afghan troops, and India fears that anti-state and to the CPEC, alleging that the project was aimed at exploiting the Arab partners—expanded their air campaign in Iraq to include Syria. BRUNEI confidence in China’s military power, consequent to technological advancements, modernisation, structural BMD for India shield against burgeoning nuclear weapons & missiles threats. state-sponsored Pakistani terrorists could be diverted against India. resources of the province. On November 23, 2018, three heavily- MALAYSIA Together, these nations have conducted over eleven thousand air changes in command and control and extensive training of the PLA. Missile defence is an essential component of national secu- The US is offering to sell systems to India. As India is pursuing Moreover, the vulnerability of Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal to attack or armed suicide bombers stormed the Chinese consulate in Karachi. MALAYSIA strikes against Islamic State targets in Syria, while the US-led coalition rity and defence strategies. It contributes to the deterrence of its own BMD, it welcomes any assistance from US and Arrow II

INDONESIA

The attack was claimed by the Baloch Liberation Army (BLA) has continued its support for ground operations by the SDF. Turkish 3. At the same time the paper also highlights China’s perceived risks from technological surprise and growing theft by nonstate actors remains a major concern for US and Indian adversary aggression and assurance to allies. Apropos, bigger system is the most sought after technology. India wanted to buy the 2 policymakers. which said it would not tolerate “any Chinese military expansion- troops have been involved in ground operations against the Islamic technological generation gap. It acknowledges PLA’s lagging mechanisation and it has to develop capabilities nations with expeditionary forces would require these two Israeli Arrow-II System from Israel. MRSAM/Barak-8 is a long-range ist endeavours on Baloch soil”. On May 12, 2019, Baloch militants Territorial Claims State since 2016, and have launched attacks against armed Kurdish moving ahead from ‘informationization’ to ‘intelligent warfare’. China’s rapid progress in developing unmanned kinds of BMD systems where as smaller nation can do it with an anti-air and anti-missile defence system being developed jointly by ASIAN ASIAN ASIAN ASIAN Balochistan Conflict carried out an assault in the heart of CPEC, the luxury Pearl China groups in Syria. Meanwhile, at the request of the Syrian government systems, AI and robotics manifests in its outlook for future wars. ASIAN Integrated Air Defence system capable of neutralising multiple Israel Aerospace Industries and DRDO of India. The Spada 2000

Historically Balochistan covers the southern part of Sistan and Continental hotel in Gwadar. The attackers were killed, but only in September 2015, Russia began launching air strikes against what WHO’S WHO Vietnam WHO’S WHO

WHO’S WHO kind of targets in TBA. Drawing a corollary, it is evident that kill probability is high, even against highly agile crossing targets & Baluchestan Province in Iran, the Pakistani province of Balochistan, after killing five people inside the hotel and a soldier. it claimed were Islamic State targets, while Syrian government forces 4. The paper emphasizes on “intensification of global military competition” and blames US for “undermining global Philippines strategic stability”. India would require two distinct kind of systems, one to protect can engage upto four targets simultaneously with Aspide Missile. and Afghanistan’s Helmand Province. The Gulf of Oman forms Pakistan has raised a special security force of around 15,000 Malaysia achieved several notable victories over the Islamic State, including the population/command and control/economic centers and As offensive missile capabilities continue to proliferate, missile its southern border. Mountains and desert make up much of the troops to protect CPEC and Chinese projects. As this force proves Brunei the reclamation of Palmyra. According to the US-led coalition against 5. Modernisation and restructuring of the armed forces is in line with Xi Jinping’s thinking of China’s future. In second to protect its forces in TBA. System akin to Ground based defense cooperation with allies and partners has gained increas- region’s terrain. Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan to be inadequate, Chinese companies are expected to rely heavily Reefs built by China the Islamic State, 98 per cent of the territory formerly held by the addition to evolving threats, priority is on loyalty to the Chinese Communist party, with emphasis on core military Mid Course Missile (GMD) can be deployed in hinterland and ing importance to advance missile defence architectures for our

www.spguidepublications.com (comprising 44 per cent of the country’s total area), but it is the on private security contractors, especially Chinese contractors that group in Iraq and Syria, including Raqqa and Deir al-Zour, has been into artificial islands

Abbreviations at the end of the yearbook the end at Abbreviations functions, discipline and curbing corruption. Integrated Air Defence system akin to S-400 is required for the protection, deterrence and assurance deepening interoperability in least inhabited, with only 5per cent of total population of Pakistan. employ former PLA personnel. Use of security contractors also reclaimed by Iraqi security forces and the SDF.

 Air Defence for field formations. missile defence systems. BALANCE REGIONAL REGIONAL BALANCE BALANCE | | 2019 | | 2019 | | REGIONAL 2 SP's MILITARY YEARBOOK 46TH ISSUE WWW.SPSMILITARYYEARBOOK.COM WWW.SPSMILITARYYEARBOOK.COM SP's MILITARY YEARBOOK 46TH ISSUE 3 REGIONAL WWW.SPSMILITARYYEARBOOK.COM SP's MILITARY YEARBOOK | 2019 | 46TH ISSUE | 75 WWW.SPSMILITARYYEARBOOK.COM SP's MILITARY YEARBOOK | 2019 | 46TH ISSUE | 101 CONFLICTS TO WATCH China’s Defence Whitepaper Ballistic Missile Defence The ten most important global conflicts to watch China’s tenth Defence Whitepaper, released on Ballistic missile proliferation poses great threat to particularly from the point of view of India and July 24, 2019, after a gap of nearly 5 years is analysed the region. All about BMD and how the S-400 will this region. by a Military Expert. defend India.

INDIAN DEFENCE THE INDIAN ARMY THE INDIAN ARMY ASIAN WHO’S WHO MOD ORGANISATIONS & CONTACTS OF ASIAN COUNTRIES: INDONESIA, JAPAN MOD ORGANISATIONS & CONTACTS OF ASIAN COUNTRIES: JAPAN WEST ASIA AND NORTH AFRICA: JORDAN CONTENTS CONTENTS CONTENTS

India’s Land Border Map Diagrammatic Layout of the Army’s Chain of Command INDONESIA: MoD Organisational Structure JAPAN: MoD Organisational Structure JORDAN Security Environment King Abdullah II of Jordan has had every reason to be pleased with him- Chain of Command self lately. Following the January 2017 inauguration of President Donald

Border with Border with  General Information

Afghanistan: Trump, he was the first Arab Leader invited to Washington to meet with China: the new administration. The visit was hailed a success by all involved— 106 km 3488 km Structure Organisation of Cabinet not only in terms of US-Jordan relations, but also as an opportunity for the King to caution Trump against moving the US embassy from Tel Army Headquarters Defence Ministry of Indonesia Prime Minister VEHICLES VEHICLES WEAPONS WEAPONS WEAPONS WEAPONS Aviv to Jerusalem. EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT (Integrated Headquarters of the Ministry of Defence-Army) VEHICLES WEAPONS WEAPONS The visit, however, was only a temporary distraction from the ongo- EQUIPMENT National Security Council Border with Border with ing security and political crisis that has been unfolding in Jordan for the last year. Jordan has witnessed a rising number of homegrown terrorist Nepal: Bhutan: attacks and security incidents. Additionally, the king’s apparent inabil- Border with 1751 km 699 km Ministry of Defence Minister of Defense Pakistan: ity or unwillingness to institute substantive socio-economic reform, end Regional Commands Army Training Command (ARTRAC) Army Headquarters Reserves corruption, and increase citizens’ rights has led to spiraling protests. Special Advisers to the Special Advisers to the (up to three people) 3323 km (Northern, Western, Southern, The growing threat of ISIS spillover from the conflicts in Syria and Minister of Defense Minister of Defense South Western, Central and Eastern) Training Establishments Reserve Formations Iraq—as well as evidence of rising militancy at home—has increased con- cerns that Jordan faces new security risks. While Jordan has long faced the & STRATEGY State Minister of Defense & STRATEGY & STRATEGY PERSPECTIVES Inspectorat General Secretariat General PERSPECTIVES threat of terrorism, recent incidents have renewed and heightened fears. HQ Corps HQ Areas/Sub-Areas Some in the Hashemite royal circle fear that Washington may not PERSPECTIVES Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Defense (two) fully appreciate the challenges they face. In 2017, US approved $ 450 Sub-Area HQ/Static Establishments million in military assistance, paling in comparison to $3.8 billion in Administrative Vice-Minister of Defense and Designated Sector HQ military assistance to Jordan’s neighbor Israel. King Abdullah repeat- Border with Vice-Minister of Defense for International Affairs edly clashed with the Obama administration’s narrow focus on ISIS in Myanmar: HQ Divisions HQ Independent Brigade (Armoured/ HQ Sub-Area Director General Director General Director General Director General Syria (and drew Jordan into that part of the strategic plan). However, the INDIA Private Secretary of the Minister of Defense King never appeared to persuade the president to his view for a broader 3323 km (Armoured/Infantry/Mountain/Artillery) Infantry/Mountain/Parachute/Artillery/ Strategic of Defence Planning of Defence Potential of Defence Strength of Defence Air Defence Artillery) Static Establishments push. This is the challenge that Abdullah faces again with the Trump TECHNOLOGY HQ Brigades TECHNOLOGY administration, and it may be that the rise in Jordan’s own domestic security challenges—coupled with the pressures that ISIS is putting on TECHNOLOGY (Armoured/Infantry/Mountain/Artillery) (Internal bureaus)us) Border with Area : 89,342 sq km the border with Syria and Jordan—proves effective. Indeed, the US-led Defense Council Regional Defense Bureaus Logistics Agency Acquisition, T Minister’ Bureau of Defense Policy Bureau of Defense Buildup Planning Bureau of Personnel and Education Bureau of Local Cooperation SDF Ethics Review Board Central Council on Defense Facilities Defense Personnel Review Board National Defense Academy National Defense Medical College National Institute for Defense Studies Bangladesh: Chief of Staff, Joint Staff Joint Staff Chief of Staff, Ground Self-Defense Force Ground Staff Office Chief of Staff, Maritime Self-Defense Force Maritime Staff Office Chief of Staff, Air Self-Defense Force Air Staff Office Defense Intelligence Headquarters of Legal Compliance The Inspector General’ Coastline: Capital : Amman campaign against ISIS cannot succeed if Jordan’s role as the pivotal 4096.7 km Arab state on the front lines of the crisis in Syria is imperiled. 7516.6 km Department of Research Department of Education Department of Coastline : 26 km and Development and Exercise Media Defence Maritime Claims

by them before August 5, 1965. In the 1965 War, Pakistan suffered Government of Maldives and while it did not involve much fighting, s Secretariat Territorial sea : 3 nm ARMY heavily in men and material with an estimate that Pak Army lost it demonstrated to the World the speed and efficiency with which Population : 1,02,48,069 Strength : 74,000 5988 killed and many more wounded. Pakistan also lost 475 tanks. the Indian Armed Forces could react. This period (1989 onwards) echnology and (Note: increased estimate reflects revised assumptions about the Force by Role BUSINESS The 1971 war between India and Pakistan was fought both also saw the start of the terrorism and insurgency in Kashmir and BUSINESS net migration rate due to the increased flow of Syrian refugees (July Manoeuvre BUSINESS on the eastern and the western fronts. India adopted aggressive deployment of additional troops in J&K. 2017 est.)) Armoured strategy on the eastern front and a defensive strategy on the west- As indications of Pakistani intrusions came in starting from s Office Islands: Ethnic Divisions : Arab 98 per cent, Circassian 1 per cent, Armd Div : 1 (strategic reserve) (3 armd bde, 1 arty bde, 1 ern front. On the Eastern front the Indian Army ably supported by May 1999, it became clear that India was facing an attempt by the Centre of Finance Centre of Data Centre of Public Centre of Armenian 1 per cent AD Bde) 1197 with the Mukti Bahini defeated four divisions and 30,000 para-military Pakistan to change the LoC using its regular troops. Air and artil- and Information Communication Rehabilitation Religions : Muslim 97.2 per cent (official; predominantly Armd Bde : 1 2094 km forces of the Pakistan Army in the thirteen days’ war. In the west, lery (155mm Howitzers) was employed with devastating effect to Sunni), Christian 2.2 per cent (majority Greek

Mechanised with additional a large area of Pakistani territory was occupied by Indian troops. repel the intrusions and claim back the lost territories. Thereafter, Orthodox, but some Greek and Roman Mech Bdes : 5 coastline On 16 December, Lt General Niazi of Pakistan Army surrendered a massive build-up by Indian Army was ordered in the wake of Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Light to Lt General Aurora of Indian Army with 93,000 regular and para- the December 13, 2001, terrorist attack on Parliament House. This Armenian Orthodox, and Protestant denomi- Lt Inf Bdes : 3 INDIAN INDIAN INDIAN INDIAN nations), Buddhist 0.4 per cent, Hindu 0.1 per DEFENCE DEFENCE

military men. War on the Eastern front ended in a complete victory 10-month-long mobilisation along the border with Pakistan gener- INDIAN

Combat Support DEFENCE for India and liberation of Bangladesh. ated high levels of tension, led to some positive changes in India’s cent, Jewish <0.1, folk religionist <0.1, unaffili-

Joint Staff College Self-Defense Force Units and organisations of the Ground Self-Defense Force Units and organisations of the Maritime Self-Defense Force Units and organisations of the Air Arty Bdes : 3 military doctrine and hastened its military modernisation together JAPAN: MoD Contact Details ated <0.1, other <0.1 (2010 est.) The period after 1971 War saw the steady modernisation of Cooperative Cooperative AD Bdes : 3 Source: MHA Annual Report with organizational changes. Units Organizations Languages : Arabic (official), English widely understood the Indian Army with equipment for modern war. The Expert Contact Desiganation Organisation Address MRL Bn : 1 Committee under the Chairmanship of Lt General K.V. Krishna The influx of terrorism from Pakistan continued unabated. On Security Command SDF Intelligence Communication Systems Supervised Units of Self-Defense Forces (SDF) SDF Physical T SDF Central Hospitals SDF Regional Hospitals Provincial Cooperation Offices among upper and middle classes Takeshi IWAYA Minister of Defense Ministry of Defense 5-1 Honmura-cho, Ichigaya, Equipment by Type Rao submitted its report in 1976. Some of its major recommenda- September 18, 2016, four terrorists from Pakistan struck a brigade Literacy : 95.4 per cent Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8801, Japan Government : Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy Armoured Fighting Vehicles

tions started getting implemented in the eighties. The expansion of headquarters administrative base at Uri and killed 17 unarmed Suffrage : 18 years of age; universal MBTs : 572: 390 FV4034 Challenger 1 (Al Hussein); 182 n major misreading of the prevailing geopolitical climate react was tested in the Rann of Kutch. In the second phase trouble mechanized forces was achieved as a result of this report. and unsuspecting soldiers in their tents. On the night of September Kenji HARADA State Minister of Defense Ministry of Defense 5-1 Honmura-cho, Ichigaya, Administrative M60 Phoenix; (274 FV4030/2 Khalid in store) n total disconnect between the military and political leadership was fomented in Kashmir. In the third phase an attempt was made On April 13, 1984, 34 soldiers of the Indian Army landed west 28-29, Indian Army’s Special Forces struck at seven launch pads of Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8801, Japan

raining School Divisions : 12 governorates Lt Tks : (19 FV101 Scorpion; in store) ASIAN ASIAN n the terrorists across the line of control along a frontage of about 200 ASIAN inability of some in the military leadership to see the situation to bottle up the Indian Army in Jammu and Kashmir by sealing of Siachen glacier and occupied the Bilafond La pass. This was the Takako SUZUKI Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Ministry of Defense 5-1 Honmura-cho, Ichigaya, ASLT : 141 B1 Centauro ASIAN WHO’S WHO in the right perspective the supply line in Chhamb-Jaurian sector of Jammu. Pakistan’s opening move in what is referred to as Operation Meghdoot between km in two different Corps Zones thus achieving complete surprise Defense Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8801, Japan WHO’S WHO

Recce : 153: 103 FV107 Scimitar; 50 FV701 Ferret WHO’S WHO n and serious inadequacies in weapons and equipment adventurism was foiled as Indian Army succeeded in making gains India & Pakistan which continues till date. During the period July over the Pakistani military establishment and inflicted considerable Hiroshi YAMADA Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Ministry of Defense 5-1 Honmura-cho, Ichigaya, Defence IFVs : 678: 13 AIFV-B-C25; 31 BMP-2; 321 Ratel-20; The result of Sino-India Conflict of 1962 encouraged Pakistan across the international borders and along the Line of Control 1987 to March 1990, Indian Army saw action in Operation Pawan casualties on the terrorists and military personnel in the area. Defense Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8801, Japan Total Armed Forces : Active: 1,00,500 (Army: 74,000; Navy: 500; Air: 311 YPR-765 PRI to seek a military solution of the Kashmir problem. A modernised (notably Hajipir). A cease-fire was agreed upon with effect from where the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) was deployed in Sri Indian Army continues to face four types of threats and chal- 12,000; Special Operations 14,000) APC : 800+ Pakistan Army with an edge over India in armour, artillery and air- September 23, 1965 with UN efforts. The Tashkent Declaration and Lanka in accordance with the Indo-Sri Lankan accord of July 29, lenges including traditional threats from China and Pakistan; General Koji YAMAZAKI Chief of Staff, Joint Staff Ministry of Defense 5-1 Honmura-cho, Ichigaya, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8801, Japan Reserves: 65,000 (Army: 60,000; Joint: 5,000) APC (T) : 650+: 370: M113A1/A2 Mk1J; 200 M577A2

www.spguidepublications.com www.spguidepublications.com power prompted her to plan aggression on Kashmir in 1965. It was the subsequent agreement between the two countries led to the dis- 1987. On November 3, 1988, the Indian Army launched Operation contemporary threats in the form of terrorism; internal chal- (Excluding temporary or special positions.) Paramilitary Forces : Gendarmerie: 15,000 est, Civil Militia (CP); some Temsah; 77 YPR-765 PRCO (CP); 3 a three-phased programme. In the first phase the Indian capacity to engagement of forces and their withdrawal to positions occupied Cactus in Maldives to prevent mercenaries from overthrowing the lenges; and out of area contingency threats. Indian Army ‘People’s Army’: 35,000 est AIFV-B BALANCE BALANCE REGIONAL REGIONAL REGIONAL REGIONAL

2018– BALANCE 150 | SP's MILITARY YEARBOOK | 2019 | 46TH ISSUE WWW.SPSMILITARYYEARBOOK.COM WWW.SPSMILITARYYEARBOOK.COM SP's MILITARY YEARBOOK | 2019 | 46TH ISSUE | 151 314 | SP's MILITARY YEARBOOK | 2019 | 46TH ISSUE WWW.SPSMILITARYYEARBOOK.COM WWW.SPSMILITARYYEARBOOK.COM SP's MILITARY YEARBOOK | 2019 | 46TH ISSUE | 315 REGIONAL WWW.SPSMILITARYYEARBOOK.COM SP's MILITARY YEARBOOK | 2019 | 46TH ISSUE | 491

Indian Defence Asian Who’s Who Regional Balance Everything there is to know about Indian Armed Forces, Who’s who in 44 countries in Asia and Pacific along with GDP, military expenditure, security environment and Ministry of Defence, Defence Industry, Defence R&D the MoD organisation structures and contacts of listing of current military hardware of 45 countries in Asia and Central Armed Police Forces including Who’s who, 13 largest buyers of defence equipment in the region. and Pacific. organisation structures, profiles and contact details.

Crystal Gazing the Global MODERNISATION TECHNOLOGY Security Environment  West Asia – Ticking Time Bomb  IAF Full Replacement by 2035  Cyber Warfare  ASEAN Centrality – In Trap of China  Indian Army Right Sizing  Nuclear Calculus  China’s footprint from Indo-Pacific to Africa  Indian Army Modernisation  Satellites – The Force Multiplier  Challenges Before India’s Maritime  India’s Maritime Interests in the  Hypersonic Weapons AND MORE... Diplomacy Indo-Pacific  Future Super Soldier  Pakistan Factor in India and Afghanistan  India’s Defence Budget  Future Submarines  Indian Navy and Indo-Pacific –  India’s Business Environment  Artificial Intelligence Realism vs Posturing  Strategic Partnership in Defence  Turnaround in India-Russia Relations Production www.spsmilitaryyearbook.comFor more details, log on to:

>> NiGHT VISION Solutions for Night Warfare Capability

Night vision devices would be more effective if the image intensifier and the TI is combined to bring out the best design features of both.

Photograph: Trijicon  Lt GenERAL Naresh Chand (Retd) a 3X night scope, significantly increasing the range of the AN/PVS-14 for weapon firing. ight fighting capability is enabled by twin technologies of L3 Technologies image intensification and thermal L3/Insight LA-5B/PEQ. The L3/Insight imaging. These technologies are LA-5B/PEQ is the high power variant of being used separately or in com- the standard issue AN/PEQ-15 (ATPIAL) Nbination and have evolved over succeeding Advanced Target/Pointer Illuminator Aim- generations to enable effective night fighting. ing Laser. It is a compact, self-contained Image intensification. Image intensi- laser aiming system that features three fication is a complex conversion of energy functions: Visible Aiming Laser, Infrared particles that occurs within a vacuum tube. Aiming Laser, Infrared Illuminator. The An image-intensifier system works by col- battle-proven LA-5B/PEQ is a weapon- lecting photons through an objective lens, mounted system that easily attaches to any converting them to electrons via a photo- M1913 Picatinny Rail with a standard rail cathode, increasing the electrical energy grabber mount. The co-aligned infrared and with a microchannel plate (MCP), convert- visible aiming lasers are easily adjustable; ing the electrical energy back to light using making for a simple zero procedure (zero a phosphor screen and presenting the image one, and the other moves with it). for viewing through an eyepiece lens. The AN/PVS-31 Binocular Night Vision aim is to increase the intensity of existing Device (BNVD). The AN/PVS-31 BNVD is light for an optical system to enable to oper- compact, lightweight, dual tube Gen3 gog- ate in low-light conditions. The Multi-Purpose, High-Performance Thermal Imaging Trijicon IR-PATROL gle which is to replace the legacy AN/PVS- Thermal Imaging (TI). TI technology 15. Weighing just under one pound (about detects objects based on heat emitted by a complete digitally fused image through III itself, only the image from the FWS-I, or half a kg), this system is almost as light as a them. The warmer the object, the more infra- HMD (head-mounted/helmet display) in a combination of the two. Using a ‘picture- monocular but packs in the same features. red long-wave light it radiates and the more a device known as the digitally enhanced in-picture’ mode, the image from the FWS-I It is specially designed for special forces. detectable it is. A special lens focuses the night-vision goggle (ENVG-D). is displayed at the bottom right of the image The AN/PVS-31 has the latest Gen3 image infrared light emitted by all of the objects in US Army’s ENVG and FWS-I. The system that is coming from the goggle. The ENVG-B intensifier tubes, providing unmatched clar- view which is scanned by infrared-detector enables the soldier to observe and manoeu- can see a man size target with 80 per cent ity in resolution. It can run on a single on- which in turn forms a detailed temperature vre in all weather conditions, during limited probability at 150 m (threshold) and 300 m board AA battery or a remote battery pack pattern called a thermogram in about one- visibility and under all lighting conditions (objective) and with 50 per cent probability mounted behind the helmet for extended thirtieth of a second. The thermogram is due to the data fusion of image intensifiers at 300 m (threshold) and 550 m (objective). use. The AN/PVS-31 has independent piv- then converted into electric impulses which and TIs. The system features a fused TI for oting tube housings that allow the operator are then displayed as an image in varying better target recognition in degraded visual Future Developments to run the goggle in a binocular or monocu- colours. There are two common types of TI environments (dust, smoke, zero illumina- US Army has also given $391.8 million lar configuration. The ability to pivot the devices - Un-cooled and Cryogenically cooled. tion, subterranean, etc.); inclusion of aug- three-year contract to L3 Insight during tube housings against the helmet surface Un-cooled is the most common TI device mented reality aspects from the Nett War- May, 2018 for the ENVG-B. The ENVG fam- creates an overall lower profile, increasing which can operate at room temperature, is rior display and wireless interconnectivity ily represents helmet-mounted night-vision operator safety and equipment life. completely quiet and activates immediately. with the Family of Weapon Sight-Individual goggles that blend image intensification Cryogenically cooled is more expensive but (FWS-I). The FWS-I when mounted on a and long wave infrared sensors for combat FLIR Monocular NVD (MNVD) has an incredible resolution and sensitivity soldier’s weapon, will transmit its sight pic- at night, in bad weather, and in smoke and Armasight is a multi-purpose night and can discern a difference as small as 0.1 ture through radio to the ENVG III, which is dust. Harris (now with L3 Technologies) and vision monocular. It can be hand held, C from more than 300 m away. mounted on a soldier’s helmet. The FWS-I L3 Insight are building ENVG II, while BAE head mounted, helmet mounted, or weapon is designed for the M4 and M16 rifles and is Systems and Leonardo DRS are building mounted. With a 51° field of view (also Combination of Image Intensifiers mounted on these rifles in front of day sights ENVG III. ENVG III weapon sights also has available with 40°), it provides a large visual and Tls that have already been bore-sighted. A vari- an improved resolution and a wider field of field without the requirement of moving Night vision devices (NVD) would be more ety of modes will allow soldiers to see in view which enables rapid target acquisition. the monocular. The MNVD uses advanced effective if the image intensifier and the TI their goggles only the image from the ENVG multi-coated optics and is built to last with a is combined to bring out the best design Night Vision Devices-Some examples compact composite housing. Operating from features of both. The current family of Elbit Systems -USA a single AA alkaline battery or CR123A bat- uncooled TIs are much lighter, as compared The ENVG family represents AN/PVS-14 Night Vision Monocular tery, the MNVD can run up to 40 hours. The to the earlier generation, thus it is possible (F6015). Manufactured by Elbit Systems MNVD-51 uses a unique 51° FOV lens and is to use them in user mounted applications. helmet-mounted night- of America – Night Vision (previously Har- available in the multiple tube options. Coupling them with image intensifiers has vision goggles that blend ris Night Vision), the Mil Spec AN/PVS-14 resulted in ‘Sensor Fusion’, which produces Monocular Night Vision Device (F6015) is BAE Systems a much better image due to the combina- image intensification and designed for the individual soldier for a vari- ENVG III/ FWS-I Night Vision Mobility and tion of the best design features of image ety of ground-based night operations. It fea- Targeting System. ENVG III and Family of intensifiers and TIs. Such a combination long wave infrared sensors tures the superior performance of the Gen Weapon Sight-Individual (ENVG III/FWS-I) enables the user to view a much greater 3 Mil Spec F9815 YG image intensifier tube provides dismounted soldiers with a solu- part of the light spectrum, from visible to for combat at night, in bad with a variable gain control to achieve an tion that allows them to navigate and rapidly near- infrared to long-wave infrared. This optimum balance in the images seen by both acquire and engage targets in all light levels type of sensor fusion has led to the devel- weather, and in smoke eyes. The dark adapted unaided eye provides and conditions. With both units integrated, opment of new night-vision technologies and dust. Harris (now with situational awareness and vision of close- weapon sight imagery and aiming point and devices like the enhanced night-vision range objects, while the night vision aided can instantly transmit into the goggle – for a goggle (ENVG) that combines a thermal L3 Technologies) and L3 eye provides long-range vision of potential tactical edge during close combat missions. imager with an image intensifier. The image threats and targets. The AN/PVS-14 can With a 12-micron thermal technology pro- intensifier works like a standard NVG in this Insight are building ENVG be weapon mounted on a MIL-STD-1913 duces sharp thermal images by day or night. system but image from the thermal sensor weapon rail mount behind a standard col- The Rapid Target Acquisition (RTA) technol- is through a video display. Both the inputs II,while BAE Systems and limated dot sight, such as the EoTech. This ogy aids the shooter by providing the ability are then optically overlaid to provide a fused sight provides a central aim point while to simultaneously display the weapon sight image. Developments are on to combine the Leonardo DRS are building retaining the AN/PVS-14’s 40° field of view. imagery and aiming point in the goggle, video output of a thermal imager directly When fitted with the 3X magnifier, the unit allowing the user to aim the weapon at targets with the video output of an image intensi- ENVG III. fits similarly behind the collimated dot sight. without shouldering it. This system is similar fier. These new devices would then display This configuration provides the soldier with to the system US Army is developing. SP

6/2019 SP’s Land Forces 11 >> indigenisation

Photograph: PIB

ICV BMP II (Sarath) System passes through the Rajpath during the 65th Republic Day Parade 2014, in New Delhi on January 26, 2014 Military Embrace of ‘Make in India’ with Make-II

SP’s Land Forces profiles the Indian Army’s pursuit of disruptive capability through home grown innovation in new projects launched with Industry in 2019

 Vishal Thapar bility to overcome the crest clearance prob- tion was done through the Foreign Military ible with the existing 120mm Artillery mor- lem in the hills while targeting an enemy on Sales route with the US. In the past, the tars. The Army is seeking wider industrial t a recent Army Technology the other side of the slope. Army has also used the Russian Krasnopol response to this Make-II project. Seminar in New Delhi, Army The void in rocket capability in the ammunition, which was acquired as an Chief General Bipin Rawat reit- mountains with near pinpoint accu- emergency procurement in the context of Truck Mounted Crane for ULH erated that India will win future racy at medium ranges is intended to be the Kargil War in 1999. Industry has been regiments wars with Indian equipment, addressed with the development of the called upon to play a lead role in develop- All future medium guns of the Indian Army andA gave an open call for an embrace of the MRPKS. The ammunition planned for ing this ammunition for import substitu- will be in the 155mm/39/45/52 calibre ‘Make in India’ agenda. this weapon system is a high-precision, tion. Approval in Principle (AIP) has been catgery, paving the way for the requirement “The military can no longer operate medium-range fire-and-forget rocket with accorded to this as a Make-II project , and of common 155mm ammunition systems. in a closed system. Our doors are open to an on-board guidance system and a pas- efforts are on to seek more broad-based ven- Unlike other calibre ammunition which see how soldiers on the ground can use sive IR terminal guidance. dor response. comes in single round packages, 155mm technology to get an advantage over the Planned to be mounted on a 4x4 in- ammunition is palletised. The weight of adversary,” he said, indicating an unprec- service, 2.5-tonne vehicle which can be 120mm Extended Range (ER) Guided each shell pallet of 12 rounds is approxi- edented glasnost in partnering Industry to effectively deployed in the mountains, each Mortar Ammunition mately 620 kg ands that of each Bi-Modu- equip the Army. launcher would carry up to 12 missiles in With a high angle fire capability, mortars lar Charge System (BCMS) pallet with 125 Among the slew of measures to give a cassette. The launcher should be able to are a highly effective weapon system in the modules is about 540 kg. This makes it nec- momentum to ‘Make in India’, Make-II operate in both standalone and Battery mountains. In-service mortar ammunition essary to have mechanical means to load stands out as an innovative procedure to configuration backed by long-range com- has a range limitation. Therefore, there’s a and unload each pallet. foster indigenous design, development and munications. It is envisaged as a major pressing need for an Extended Range Guided It is in fulfillment of this requirement manufacture. It involves the Indian pri- force multiplier for tactical operations with Mortar Ammunition. that the development of a Truck-Mounted vate sector Industry, including MSMEs and fast deployment, high mobility, increased Through the Make-II route, the Indian Ammunition Crane on Ammunition carry- Start-ups, developing equipment prototypes employability, low weight of the launch Army is seeking such Extended Range Guide ing Vehicles of medium regiments has been with home grown solutions at their own vehicle, precision accuracy and shoot and Mortar Ammunition which is fully compat- proposed as a Make-II project. cost, with intimate hand-holding by the scoot capabilities. Army Design Bureau to see the design and ARMY AIR DEFENCE development activity through. Terminally Guided Munitions Among the slew of Mountain Fire Control Radar A total of 32 Make projects for the Army Smart, terminally-guided munitions for pre- The modernising Army Air Defence has are in process. SP’s Land Forces profiles the cision strike capability and greater lethality. measures to give specified the requirement of a Mountain new projects for 2019, which range from This is intended to be the appropriate artil- momentum to ‘Make in Fire Control Radar System to replace beefing up mountain warfare capability to lery ammunition of the future which will vintage inventory which is facing developing precision artillery firepower and meet firepower requirements in terms of India’, Make-II stands out obsolescence. secure communications equipment. accuracy, improved kill probability, faster A key requirement is for the this new speed of engagement and correspondingly as an innovative procedure Mountain Fire Control System to be light ARTILLERY reduced logistics. With precision capability, weight and highly mobile with a tow vehicle. Multi-Role Precision Kill System guided munitions also needed to optimise to foster indigenous Pre-Fragmented Programmable Prox- (MRPKS) the Artillery ammunition. imity Fuze Ammunition, Integrated Air The MRPKS is proposed to be a vertically The Army recently imported a limited design, development and Defence Combat Simulator (IADCS) and launched medium-range rocket system for quantity of Excalibur Terminally Guided manufacture Air Defence Unit Level System are the other mountain warfare. Vertical launch will give Munitions for its 155mm guns. The fast programmes being pursued by Army Air

www.spslandforces.com the system a 360 degree employment capa- track procurement of this Raytheon muni- Defence.

12 SP’s Land Forces 6/2019 >> indigenisation

Photograph: SP Guide Pubns MECHANISED FORCES bility in the Indian private sector to develop AFV Protection and Counter-Measure and deliver such equipment. System for T-90 TK The Indian Army is seeking enhanced sur- CORPS OF ENGINEERS vivability for its T-90 Main Battle Tanks, Portable Helipad which are the mainstay of the Armoured The Corps of Engineers is seeking light Corps. At the moment, the T-90 fleet is weight, modular material to put together vulnerable because it lacks an Active Pro- portable helipads of sizes ranging from 25m tection System against an enemy rocket or x 25m to 100m x 100m. missile attack. It is equipped only with ERA Present portable helipads suffer from panels, which provide limited survivability several drawbacks, principally heavy weight in the current battlefield scenario. and consequent implications for handling The projected need is for an Active Pro- and transport to location, limitations in cam- tection System capable of detecting and ouflage and manpower intensive installation. defeating an enemy attack. The enhanced Through private sector Industry, the protection and survivability is sought Corps of Engineers is seeking to leverage the through soft kill and hard kill capabilities of advancements in metallurgy and develop- the envisaged AFV Protection and Counter ment of flexible and resilient alternatives to Measure System. come up with better solutions for portable helipad material. The focus is on modularity Armament Upgrade of BMP T-90 and BrahMos and light weight. SP Night enablement is at the heart of the planned upgrade of BMP-II Infantry Com- bat Vehicle fleet. Armament Upgrade sought includes new Fire Control System with Auto Target Tracker, Gunner Main sight and Commander Panoramic Sight. LAND AN D A IRLAND DE FENCE AND SE CURITY EXHIBITION Acquiring night fighting capability has been termed an operational imperative for the Indian Army’s Mechanised Forces. A part of the BMP-II fleet is planned to be upgraded with available niche technology. Industry has already indicated capabilities for the upgradation of the Fire Control Sys- tem with the Auto Target Tracker feature.

SIGNALS HF Software Defined Radio (SDR) Presently, the Indian Army is equipped with separate radio sets for HF, VHF and UHF frequencies. These legacy radio sets have little or no data capability, thereby 08-12 JUNE 2020 / PARIS hindering enablement of network centric operations. The Make-II programme for HF SDR will address these operational and technologi- cal voids. The HF SDR is intended to have THE UNMISSABLE a provision of interoperability with legacy systems, and the ability to add, remove WORLDWIDE or modify the output of systems through reconfigurable and re-deployable waveform EXHIBITION leading to multi-mode, multi-frequency and multi-platform operations in a single hard- ware configuration. This is envisaged to pro- vide flexibility for secure communications 1,802 to troops during operations. exhibitors +14,7% from 63 countries 65,9% of international Man-pack V/UHF Software Defined Radio (SDR) 65 startups at Eurosatory LAB The proposed communication system for boots on the ground, this is envisaged as a backward compatible SDR which is 98,721 interoperable with future systems. With a Total attendance range of 15 km or greater, the system will (exhibitors, visitors, be able to transmit voice, data, message press, organisers) and video in both Clear and Secure mode in Fixed Frequency and Frequency Hopping mode for transmission of Voice, Ground to 227 Air Voice, Narrow Band Data, Wide Band Official delegations Data, Narrow Band Mobile Adhoc Network from 94 countries (MANET) having 16 nodes and Wide Band and 4 organisations MANET having 32 nodes. It will be usable (representing 760 delegates) on multiple platforms in a single hardware configuration. 696 A separate Mobile Integrated Network journalists Terminal (MINT) programme is also pro- from 44 countries gressing.

RASHTRIYA RIFLES Robotic Surveillance System 75 Conferences With a view to reducing troop casualty and collateral damage during counter-terrorist 2,102 Business meetings made operations in built-up areas, the Indian Army’s counter-insurgency force Rashtriya Rifles will be managing a programme for 2018 key figures developing a Robotic Surveillance Platform which will enable troops to be forewarned about the position and strength of adversar- ies inside buildings and provide better situa- tion awareness of locations where terrorists are holed up. A Feasibility Study has established capa-

6/2019 SP’s Land Forces 13 >> modernisation The Future Soldier

The Indian Army split the F-INSAS programme in favour of two separate projects; one arming the modern infantry soldier with the best available assault rifle, carbine and LMG, and personal equipment; and the second component is the Battlefield Management Systems (BMS) which included the computer and communications.

Photograph: Safran Group  Lt GenEral Naresh Chand (Retd) PHOTONIS, France, and about 40,000 tubes were supplied. The plant is presently being he future infantry soldier upgraded to XR-5 grade. Tata Advanced Sys- will have to fight in an all-weather tems Limited (TASL) has entered into a part- environment, by day and night, nership with Exelis Inc., in Gen 3 Image Inten- varying terrain conditions and in sification based NVDs. conventional as well as asymmetri- Tcal warfare; under the shadow of nuclear, Separation of F-INSAS in two projects. biological and chemical (NBC) threat. With In January 2015, the Indian Army split the the proliferation of digitisation in all walks F-INSAS programme in favour of two sepa- of life and electronic gadgets being part of rate projects; one arming the modern infantry daily usage; the soldier cannot be left behind. soldier with the best available assault rifle, car- Moreover the increased use of electronic bine and LMG, and personal equipment such systems in the army, it is required to keep as the helmet and BPV; and the second com- the soldier in the loop. The lethality and ponent is the Battlefield Management Sys- accuracy of current and future small arms tems (BMS) which included the computer and and other weapons need active and passive communications. However due to high cost measures. The soldier in the lead will have of BMS which impinged on the acquisition of reliable tactical intelligence and needs to state of art small arms, the Indian Army fore- be shared. The individual soldier has the French Army’s FELIN Soldier System includes an integrated equipment suite developed by closed BMS in July 2018. Thus after 13 years potential to function as a shooter, sensor, Sagem as part of an overall soldier modernisation programme of money invested in development, the focus and communicator. The infantry soldier is now is to the get the best personnel weapon every Army’s ultimate weapon, thus it neces- UK’s Future Integrated Soldier Protection and equipment like BPJ and ballistic helmet. sitates the requirement of a soldier moderni- Technology’ (FIST) Bullet Proof Jackets (BPJ). Modular Bullet sation programme to match with the future In March 2003, the Britain Army awarded Proof Jackets to provide protection to vital Progress on truncated INSAS operational environment. Some Global pro- the contract for the FIST to Thales. FIST was parts of the body. It will have add-on inserts Personal Weapons grammes are given below. an adjunct to the abovementioned ‘Future to protect front, sides, back, throat and groin. Assault rifles. India had signed a `700 crore Soldier’ project launched by the US with sim- The ballistics resistance of body armour is deal to buy 72,000 of these rifles from the US Land Warrior Programme ilar aim. Between 2015 and 2020, the Brit- evaluated by the NIJ (American) and STANAG US under fast track procedures. The first lot The US has identified five categories of mod- ish Army is expected to field 35,000 sets of (NATO) standards. The problem is a trade off of 10,000 SiG716 assault rifles arrived in ernisation-lethality, mobility, command and FIST system. between weight, protection and cost. India on December 1, 2019 and another control, survivability, and sustainment. This Ballistic Helmet. The Ballistic Helmet batch of 10,000 rifles will arrive soon. The initiated the Land Warrior System which is France’s FELIN will be lightweight and comfortable, made SIG716 uses the more powerful 7.62x51mm an integrated fighting system for individual FELIN Soldier System entered service in the of advanced materials to provide ballistics cartridge. There are plans for a joint venture infantry soldiers which provides the sol- French Army in February 2011. It includes protection to neck and ears as also facilitate between India and Russia to produce seven dier enhanced tactical awareness, lethality an integrated equipment suite developed the use of headset for communications radio. lakh AK-203 assault rifles in India which and survivability. The systems integrated by Sagem as part of an overall soldier mod- The Helmet envisages two versions – the will be modified for carbine role. into Land Warrior are the weapon system, ernization programme. At the heart of the commander’s version which would have a LMG. The Indian Army has started its helmet, computer, digital and voice com- system is the “tactical vest”, an advanced provision for head phones and the soldier’s search for a new LMG with the calibre of munications, positional and navigation combat webbing integrated with cabling version would be without head phones. 7.62x51mm by sending a delegation during system, protective clothing and individual harnesses, power packs and electronic units The Modular Individual Load Carry- April/May 2019 to Bulgaria (Arsenal Com- equipment. The Land Warrior system will mounting an individual radio with inte- ing Equipment (MILE). This would include pany); Israel (Israel Weapon Industries) and be deployed by infantry, and combat sup- grated GPS, its processing unit, batteries a Harness, Rucksacks and Hydration Pack. South Korea (S&T Motiv Co.). Currently the port soldiers, including rangers, airborne, and man-machine interface, and a minia- Survival Kit. The survival kit comprises Army is looking for 16,400 LMGs under Fast air assault, light and mechanised infan- ture terminal that displays data. The addi- of the soldier’s Personal Kit, Elbow and Knee Track Procedure. try soldiers. The US Army began opera- tion of optronics equipment has consider- Pads, Multipurpose Tool and First Aid Kit. Bullet Proof Vests (BPV). The short- tional assessment of the Land Warrior and ably increased the effective firing range of Target Acquisition Sub-System. This age of bullet-proof jackets for armed forces Mounted Warrior systems in May 2006 with Famas rifles, even at night. It is reported that includes Night Vision Devices, Weapon is being met through procurement of 1.86 the Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT). 22,600 French soldiers have been equipped Sights for day and night and Hand-Held Tar- lakh such jackets by April 2020 for nearly Inspite of announcing its cancellation, the with FELIN systems. get Acquisition Device. `639 crore. So far, the DGQA quality checks 4th SBCT equipped with Land Warrior and have been completed and 10,000 bullet Mounted Warrior systems was deployed Future Infantry Soldier As A System Computer and Communication proof jackets have already been procured effectively in Iraq. The system is modular (F-INSAS) Sub-System and a total of 37,000 BPJ are planned to be and tailored for the soldier’s task and mis- F-INSAS was conceptualised in April 2005 Shall comprise a soldier wearable computer, procured by end 2019. SMPP Pvt Ltd, which sion thus the unit commander decides the to integrate future military technologies, which is lightweight and battle rugged with has developed these indigenous BPV claim components of Land Warrior that will be with the personnel equipment, of the future a display and the Software Defined /IP based that their BPJ can withstand hardcore steel deployed for a mission. The two main Land infantry soldier so that he has an edge over Radios for communication. It will also facili- ammunition fired from an AK-47 rifle. Warrior configurations are for the soldier other competing armies. The area of focus of tate power management and integration of Bullet Proof Helmet. During early and the squad leader. All the sub systems F-INSAS was ‘Lethality; Situational Aware- all sub-systems of F-INSAS. 2018, a Kanpur-based company, MKU lim- provide different roles like the ‘Fighting load ness; Sustainability and Protection’. The ited, which supplies military equipment to vest’ is worn by the soldier for carrying and future soldier was to be provided with effec- Reflex/Holographic Sights and Red Dot the UN and NATO, was awarded a contract interfacing with the sensors and the com- tive sensor-shooter interface; and integrated LASER Pointer worth `180 crore to supply nearly 1.6 lakh puter. The electronic systems are connected with his section, platoon and company. The Reflex/Holographic Sights and the Red helmets. The company has delivered the and integrated via the ten-port hub installed Dot LASER Designator/ Pointer would be first tranche on July 15, 2018. The helmet on the body. Similarly Land Warrior helmet Weapons procured along with the CQB Carbine and has a main protective layer of Kevlar and is provides ballistic protection and carries the The weapons included assault rifle, close the Assault Rifle. designed to withstand the impact of 9mm main components of the soldier’s commu- quarter battle (CQB) carbine and light ammunition fired from a short range. The nications systems. The soldier is armed with machine gun (LMG). The weapons were to Image Intensifier-based Passive Night helmet is also designed for soldier comfort M4 Carbine, .223 calibre, with a 30-round be multi-calibre individual weapon systems Sights which can be integrated with communica- magazine which can fire by day and night. with the fourth calibre attached to a UBGL As per the road map of the ‘Indian Army Night tion and night-vision devices. In June 2005, General Dynamics C4 Sys- (Under Barrel Grenade Launcher) capable Vision Philosophy’, night operations capabil- The Boot Anti Mine (Infantry) (BAMI). tems was awarded a contract to provide up of firing air bursting grenades. The weapons ity was to be ready by 2015. Bharat Electron- Northern Command had procured 6250 to 500 Land Warrior (mounted warrior) were to have night firing capability and a ics Limited Optronic Devices Ltd (BELOP) has BAMI at a cost of `16.77 crore in 2018 Stryker integration kits which provides laser range finder to provide range and direc- started manufacturing Gen2 Image Intensifi- under the Army Commanders Special Finan- the mounted soldier voice, data and com- tion. When linked with the Indian Regional ers in collaboration with and as a Joint Ven- cial Power Fund from Gee Kay Engineering munication. The Indian Army had based Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) (similar ture with BV DELFT Netherlands in 1994. Industries(Punjab) but it was reported during their Future Infantry Soldier as a System to GPS) would allow the soldier to call for In 2012, the plant was upgraded to produce November 2019 that the payment has been

SP www.spslandforces.com (F-INSAS) on the Land Warrior concept. indirect fire accurately. XD-4 II Tubes with technical know-how from withheld due to supply of faulty boots.

14 SP’s Land Forces 6/2019 >> News in Brief

APPOINtMENT General Naravane Takes Over Publisher and Editor-in-Chief as 28th Chief of the Indian Army Vice Admiral Jayant Baranwal R. Hari Kumar, Deputy Managing Editor appointed Chief Neetu Dhulia eneral Manoj Mukund Nara- of Integrated Senior Editorial Contributor vane on December 31 took over Defence Staff to Lt General P.C. Katoch (Retd) from General Bipin Rawat as the G The Chairman, Senior Technical Group Editor 28th Chief of the Army Staff. Chiefs of Staff Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) He is the third officer from the Sikh Committee Air Marshal B.K. Pandey (Retd) Light Infantry Regiment to become the Group Executive Editor Chief of the Indian Army after Generals Vice Admiral R. Hari Kumar was commis- Vishal Thapar V.P. Malik and Bikram Singh. sioned into the Indian Navy on January 1, Contributors In the course of his distinguished 1983 and specialised as a Gunnery Officer India career, he commanded the Eastern Com- in 1989. He has commanded Coast Guard General V.P. Malik (Retd), Lt General Vijay mand and the Army Training Command Ship, Missile Boat, Corvette, Destroyer Oberoi (Retd), Lt General R.S. Nagra (Retd), before his last appointment as the Vice- and Aircraft Carrier. His other sea-going Lt General S.R.R. Aiyengar (Retd), Chief of Army Staff. Major General Ashok Mehta (Retd), appointments include Fleet Operations Major General G.K. Nischol (Retd), He’s had a host of challenging Officer and Fleet Gunnery Officer of West- Brigadier Gurmeet Kanwal (Retd), ­postings, serving in the Indian Peace ern Fleet, Executive Officer of Missile Boat, Brigadier S. Mishra (Retd), Rohit Sharma Keeping Force in Sri Lanka during Gunnery Officer of Destroyer, commis- Chairman & Managing Director ‘Operation Pawan’ and later com- sioning Gunnery Officer of Corvette and Jayant Baranwal manded the 2nd Battalion of the Rash- He also served as General Officer Com- commissioning GO VIII of Destroyer. His triya Rifles in Jamu and Kashmir and manding (GOC) Delhi Area, and also com- Executive Vice President ashore appointments include Command (Planning & Business Development) 106 Infantry Brigade. manded the during which tenure he also Gunnery Officer at HQ Western Naval Rohit Goel Later, he was, Inspector General commanded the Republic Day Parade in Command, Naval Advisor to Govern- Manager – HR & Admin Assam Rifles (North) at Kohima, Naga- 2017. ment of Seychelles, Training Commander Bharti Sharma land and Commander 2 Corps. General Naravane did his schooling INS Dronacharya. His Flag appointments His staff assignments include tenures at Dnayana Prabodhinee Prashala, Pune. Assistant Manager – HR & Admin include Commandant of Naval War Col- Pooja Tehlani as a Brigade Major of an Infantry Bri- An alumnus of the National Defence lege at Goa, Flag Officer Sea Training, Flag gade, Assistant Adjutant & Quartermas- Academy and the Indian Military Acad- Deputy Manager – Circulation Officer Commanding Western Fleet, Chief Rimpy Nischal ter General (AA&QMG) of Headquarters emy, the General Officer was commis- of Staff at Western Naval Command, Con- Establishment No 22, Defence Attache sioned into the 7th Battalion, The Sikh troller Personnel Services and Chief of Group Research Associate Survi Massey at Yangon, Myanmar, an instructional Light Infantry Regiment in June 1980. Personnel at NHQ. He served in the Civil- appointment in the Army War College He is an alumnus of the Defence Services Military Operations Centre of UN Mission Creative Director as Directing Staff in the Higher Com- Staff College, Wellington and Higher in Somalia. He attended the US Naval Staff Anoop Kamath mand Wing, besides two tenures at the Command Course, Mhow. SP Course at Naval War College, Army Higher Design Integrated Headquarters of Ministry of Command Course at AWC, Mhow and the Vimlesh Kumar Yadav, Sonu Singh Bisht Defence (Army), New Delhi. —By Vishal Thapar Royal College of Defence Studies, London. Group Director – Sales & Marketing Neetu Dhulia Deputy Director – Sales Successful Launch of BrahMos Offset Contracts from Defence UAE’s defence giant signs contract Rajeev Chugh Missiles Sector for $1 billion to deliver Desert SP’s Website Defence Research & Development Organ- Raksha Rajya Mantri Shripad Naik in a writ- Sting-16 precision guided weapons Sr. Web Developer: Shailendra P. Ashish isation (DRDO), Indian Air Force (IAF) and ten reply in the Lok Sabha said on November Web Developer: Ugrashen Vishwakarma BrahMos jointly successfully conducted two 20, 2019 that 21 defence offset contracts Published bimonthly by Jayant Baranwal BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles tests with cumulative value of $5.67 billion on behalf of SP Guide Publications Pvt today, one each from land and air platforms. approximately have been signed by Min- Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this The first missile launch was from a land istry of Defence (MoD) in last three years. publication may be reproduced, stored in a based mobile launcher, where most of the A study on impact of offsets on Defence retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, photocopying, recording, components were indigenous, including the Industrial Base has been conducted by electronic, or otherwise without the prior missile airframe, fuel management system Department of Defence Production through written permission of the publishers. and DRDO designed seeker. Institute for Defence Studies and Analysis Printed in India Secretary, Department of Defence R&D (IDSA). According to the study conducted, by Kala Jyothi Process Pvt Ltd and Chairman, DRDO Dr G. Satheesh Reddy till March 2019, MoD has signed 52 Offset © SP Guide Publications, 2019 congratulated the DRDO, BrahMos and Air contracts valued at $11.79 billion to be Subscription/ Circulation Force teams for the successful tests. Director discharged through Indian Offset Partners. Annual Inland: `600 • Overseas: US$180 General BrahMos Dr Sudhir Mishra, Defence Since the opening of private sector partici- Email: [email protected] Research & Development Laboratory Direc- pation in defence production in 2001, 452 Halcon, a unit of the UAE’s new defence [email protected] tor Dr Dashrath Ram, and Director Integrated Industrial Licenses (ILs) have been issued giant EDGE, has signed a $1 billion con- Letters to Editor Test Range Dr Binoy Kumar Das were present till October 2019 for manufacture of a tract to deliver its Desert Sting-16 range [email protected] during the trials. wide range of defence items. Further, so far of precision guided weapons to the UAE For Advertising Details, Contact: FDI amounting to `1,812 crores has been Armed Forces. The Desert Sting is a fam- [email protected] Russian Defence Industry to jointly reported by the companies in the Defence ily of light weight, precision-guided glide [email protected] manufacture defence equipment and Aerospace Sector since April 2014. weapons (GGW). Its two variants – the SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD with India DS-8 and DS-16 – weigh between 15 and Corporate Office Rajnath Singh jointly inaugurated the DAC clears procurement worth 23 kilograms, and primarily utilise inertial A 133 Arjun Nagar, Opp Defence Colony, ‘India-Russia Defence Industry Coopera- `22,800 crore guidance technology, which is further aug- New Delhi 110003, India tion Conference’ with Russian Minister The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), mented by their global navigation satellite Tel: +91(11) 24644693, 24644763, 24620130 of Industry and Trade Denis Manturov chaired by Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh, system (GNSS). The Desert Sting’s semi- Fax: +91 (11) 24647093 in Moscow. While addressing the CEOs of met today and accorded approval for Capital active laser (SAL) seeker configuration Email: [email protected] Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) Procurement for the Services amounting to further enhances accurate performance ` Representative Offices from Russian Defence Industry after the over 22,800 crore (about $3.2 billion). Out against real-time targets.Halcon is part Bengaluru, INDIA inauguration of the conference Rajnath of this Army’s share is funds for the indige- of the Missiles & Weapons cluster within Air Marshal B.K. Pandey (Retd) Singh called upon the Russian Defence nous design, development and manufactur- EDGE, an advanced technology group for 204, Jal Vayu Vihar, Kalyan Nagar, Industry to jointly manufacture defence ing of ‘Thermal Imaging Night Sights’ for defence and beyond that was inaugurated Bengaluru 560043, India. platforms and equipment with India that Assault Rifles to boost the ‘Make in India’ in November. SP Tel: +91 (80) 23682204 will give a massive boost to the nations’ initiative. These sights will be manufactured MOSCOW, RUSSIA exports to third countries. Government of by the Indian private industry and used by LAGUK Co., Ltd, Yuri Laskin India is encouraging OEMs to partner with troops deployed on the frontline. >> Show Calendar Krasnokholmskaya, Nab., Indian entities making use of the ‘Make 11/15, app. 132, Moscow 115172, Russia. 20–23 January, 2020 Tel: +7 (495) 911 2762, in India’ initiative. He urged the Industry Pakistan successfully conducts Fax: +7 (495) 912 1260 leaders to make use of the significant eco- training launch of Shaheen−1 International Armoured Vehicles 2020 Twickenham Stadium, London, UK www.spguidepublications.com nomic reforms undertaken by the Govern- Pakistan has successfully conducted train- www.spslandforces.com ment to improve ease of doing business and ing launch of surface to surface ballistic www.defenceiq.com/events-internation- RNI Number: DELENG/2008/25818 opening up the defence manufacturing sec- missile Shaheen−1 on November 18, 2019. alarmouredvehicles tor for foreign participation. He added that The launch was conducted as part of a 5–8 February, 2020 “We have set up defence corridors in Uttar training exercise, which was aimed at test- DefExpo 2020 Pradesh and Tamil Nadu and offer attrac- ing the operational readiness of Army Stra- Vrindavan Yojna, Sector 15, Lucknow, tive terms for investment. India is ready to tegic Forces Command. Shaheen−1 missile Uttar Pradesh, India explore opportunities and co-production of is capable of delivering all types of warheads https://defexpo.gov.in high-end defence equipment with Russia”. up to a range of 650 km.

6/2019 SP’s Land Forces 15 YOU CAN’T DEFEAT

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