L'influence De La Crise Économique Sur L'industrie De Mode

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L'influence De La Crise Économique Sur L'industrie De Mode Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci Filozofická fakulta Diplomová práce Olomouc 2014 Petra OTÝPKOVÁ II UNIVERSITÉ PALACKY OLOMOUC FACULTÉ DES LETTRES DÉPARTEMENT DES LANGUES ROMANES L’influence de la crise économique sur l’industrie de Mode Magisterská diplomová práce Studijní program: Odborná francouzština pro hospodářskou praxi Vedoucí práce: Doc. Mgr. Jaromír Kadlec, Dr. Autor: Petra Otýpková Olomouc 2014 III Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci Filozofická fakulta Prohlášení Místopřísežně prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci na téma: „Vliv ekonomické krize na módní průmysl“ vypracovala samostatně pod odborným dohledem vedoucího diplomové práce a uvedla jsem veškeré použité podklady a literaturu. Proclamation sur l’honneur Je déclare sur l’honneur que le présent mémoire est le résultat de mon propre travail et que toutes les sources bibliographiques utilisées sont citées. V Olomouci dne………………….. Podpis………………………… IV Contenu Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 I. L’industrie de Mode .............................................................................................. 3 1.1. Les catégories de l’habillement ..................................................................... 4 1.1.1. L’habillement de protection ................................................................... 4 1.1.2. L’habillement de travail ......................................................................... 5 1.1.3. L’habillement courant ............................................................................ 6 1.2. Qu’est-ce que la mode ? ................................................................................. 7 1.3. Qui nous impose la mode ? ............................................................................ 8 1.3.1. Fabricants des tissus ............................................................................... 9 1.3.2. Les aspects naturels ................................................................................ 9 1.3.3. Les aspects psychiques et sociologiques .............................................. 10 1.4. Origine de la Mode ...................................................................................... 12 1.5. Évolution de la Mode ................................................................................... 13 II. Les aspects sociaux influençant la Mode ............................................................ 15 2.1. La théorie « hemline » ................................................................................. 15 2.1.1. Une théorie tendancielle ....................................................................... 16 2.2. La théorie de la hausse des talons ................................................................ 18 2.3. Autres théories ............................................................................................. 19 III. Le sondage ....................................................................................................... 21 3.1. Phases de recherche ..................................................................................... 21 3.1.1. Définition de la problématique ............................................................. 21 3.1.2. Formulation de l’hypothèse .................................................................. 26 3.1.3. Expérimentation, vérification et contrôle de l’hypothèse ..................... 26 3.2. L’enquête « L’influence de la crise économique sur l’industrie de Mode »31 3.2.1. La détermination de l’ensemble de base .............................................. 31 3.2.2. Les questions utilisées en enquête ........................................................ 32 IV. Analyse des résultats ....................................................................................... 34 4.1. Spécification de la recherche ....................................................................... 34 4.2. Résultats de la recherche .............................................................................. 34 V. Analyse des sociétés de la Mode ......................................................................... 41 5.1. Les gammes de la Mode .............................................................................. 41 V 5.1.1. La gamme de commerce de détail ........................................................ 43 5.1.2. La gamme de marques de concurrence ................................................ 45 5.1.3. La gamme de Créateur de prêt-à-porter ................................................ 49 5.1.4. La gamme de Haute Couture ................................................................ 54 5.2. Les critères de choix des sociétés ................................................................ 57 5.3. Analyse des sociétés de la gamme de la Mode ............................................ 58 5.3.1. L’analyse de la gamme commerce de détail ......................................... 59 5.3.2. L’analyse de la gamme de marque de concurrence .............................. 60 5.3.3. Analyse de la gamme de prêt-à-porter .................................................. 67 5.3.4. Analyse de la gamme de Haute couture ............................................... 73 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 76 Ressources ................................................................................................................... 78 Résumé en tchèque ...................................................................................................... 82 ANNOTATION .......................................................................................................... 83 Liste des Figures.......................................................................................................... 84 Liste des graphiques .................................................................................................... 86 Liste des tableaux ........................................................................................................ 87 Liste des Annexes........................................................................................................ 88 Annexes ....................................................................................................................... 89 VI Introduction Le vêtement est absolument indispensable pour chaque être humain qui vit dans la société disons « civilisée ». La fonction primaire a toujours été la protection contre les caprices de la nature. Dans le temps, cette fonction a reculé et le vêtement a aussi commencé à différencier les classes sociales dans les tribus. Ici, on peut trouver le début de la Mode. Même si la Mode comme nous la connaissons aujourd’hui est née plus tard. Nous allons poser les questions sur le commencement de la Mode, qu’elle est la différence entre la Mode et l’habillement et qui crée la Mode. Les réponses ne sont pas si évident comme on pense. La Mode est un terme plus profond que l’habillement. S’habiller est juste mettre le vêtement sur soi sans vraiment penser sur l’opportunité ou la créativité. De l’autre côté, la Mode est à l’opposite, c’est réfléchir, exprimer son attitude, pas nécessairement en utilisant les grands logos. Juste s’habiller montre certaine démission sur la vie pas juste sociale mais la vie entière. Si les gens opposent que c’est la perte de temps, ils montrent que les autres ne valaient pas la peine. La Mode donc touche nos vies de façon qu’on ne réalise pas. Mais nous n’allons pas nous occuper trop des aspects sociaux, même s’il est difficile de les complètement exclure, car chaque marque propose une philosophie selon laquelle elle crée ses modèles et s’impose aux clients. La Mode présente le changement dans la vie humain ou on connait l’autre industrie qui doit présenter au moins 50 nouvelles modèles chaque an ? On peut se demander, pourquoi il faut parler de la Mode ? Quelques-uns peuvent opposer que la Mode est superficielle et n’est pas vraiment un apport de la valeur ajouté au monde. Mais ce n’est pas vrai. Autour le monde, la Mode crée des emplois, de l’industrie de traitement de la matière première, par les couturiers, distributeurs, magasins, magazines et même dans les magasins d’occasions qui revend du vêtement usé. La vérité est que la Mode apporte forte valeur ajouté dans l’économie et il est nécessaire de s’en occuper. La Mode a certaines tendances et les aspects qui influencent sa création et même sont lié à la situation économique. Pendant le temps, quelques théories sont évoluées et nous allons en parler. Selon George Taylor, un économiste américain, la longueur de la jupe est directement liée à la situation économique. Plus est la situation pire, les jupes sont plus longues et à l’envers. Pareil avec la hausse des talons. Ces théories semblent bizarre et surcombinées pour un laïque, mais c’est à nous à découvrir où est la vérité. 1 L’industrie de textile a toujours été un indicateur de la situation économique. Même avant la Grande dépression en 1929, l’industrie textile a montré les problèmes deux ans plus tôt et pendant la crise, il a complètement échoué et presque disparu. Aujourd’hui, on nous dit que la crise économique actuelle est la plus grave depuis les années vingt et trente. Mais c’est vrai ? Ont les gens moins d’argent à dépenser ? Et dépensent-ils moins pour la Mode et l’habillement ? Comme la Mode n’est pas vraiment une dépense nécessaire et défini plutôt comme un achat de plaisir et
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