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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. i • Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographicaliy in this copy. Higher quality 6H x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Order Number 9500994 Comerse las eses: A selective bibliographic survey off s / aspiration and deletion in dialects of Spanish Mason, Keith William, Ph.D. The University of Michigan, 1994 Copyright ©1994 by Mason, Keith William. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb RA Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. COMERSE LAS ESES : A SELECTIVE BIBLIOGRAPHIC SURVEY OF /s/ ASPIRATION AND DELETION IN DIALECTS OF SPANISH by Keith William Mason A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Romance Languages and Literatures: Romance Linguistics) in The University of Michigan 1994 Doctoral Committee: Professor Steven N. Dworkin, Chairman Associate Professor Patrice Speeter Beddor Assistant Professor Lynn Carbon Gorell Associate Professor Clifford S. Leonard, Jr. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. © Keith William Mason 1994 All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. For my grandparents, Dorothy Esposito Sparaco, Benedetto Sparaco, Anna Leary Mason, William Mason, and my aunt, Anne Mason Puleo IN MEMORIAM ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I express my sincere thanks to all who supported this endeavor. I wish to thank the members of my dissertation committee. My gratitude goes to Steven Dworkin for help during this pursuit, especially in terms of exploring aspiration and deletion of Spanish /s/ within various linguistic frameworks. Special thanks to Patrice Speeter Beddor, Clifford Leonard, and Lynn Carbon Gore!! for their welcome participation as members of my dissertation committee. I acknowledge the following scholars for their influence on this study and for sharing their research with me: Jorge Guitart, John Lipski, Diana Ranson, Tracy David Terrell, and Diane Ringer Uber. Their generous contributions to the field have advanced our knowledge of Spanish sibilants. Thank you to all the friends and colleagues whose cherished acquaintances I made during my tenures at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, The University of Michigan, and The University of Virginia. Special thanks to Patty DeCourcy, Matthew P. Edwards, Jack Gerard, Christopher Mancill, Wayne Shackelford, Albert Shank, Sarah Stith, William S. Wheatley, III, and Daniel J. Woods, and to Jeffrey Bersett, Gerald Bialek, Elizabeth Castleman, Steve Cataldo, Scott Cohen, Timothy Lawther, Campbell Lewis, John Lucas, Andrew Milisits, Julia Palmer, and Kevin Vandergrift. Special thanks go to Donald Shaw, David Gies, David Haberly, and Kenneth Chastain for their support during my years at The University of Virginia and to Carl Kirschner, Micaela Misiego, Thomas Stephens, and Diane Ringer Uber who piqued my interest in Spanish Linguistics and Phonetics as an undergraduate. iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Very special thanks to my "companeras" Isabel Bustamante and Philomena Meechan, who shared their insights and provided support and a feeling of family in Michigan. Thanks go to my friends. Chris Vincion and Bruce Willis, for their great support and engaging conversations, and to John Brender, Trisha Dvorak, Hazel Pater, Seth Streichler, and Carla Tchalo who provided much needed emotional support. Finally, my heartfelt thanks go to my family: my mother, Marie Mason, my father, Kevin Mason, and my brother, Kevin Mason, Jr. They helped me keep everything in perspective and made innumerable sacrifices that enabled me to complete this study. iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION......................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................................................iii LIST OF TA BLES............................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF SY M B O LS.............................................................................................................................x CHAPTER 1. PRELIMINARIES..............................................................................................................1 1.0 Introduction and background ...................................................1 1.1 Rationale and Procedure ...................................................................5 2. PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SPANISH /s/ ASPIRATION/ DELETION .................................................................... 10 2.0 Introduction .......................................................................................10 2.1 Articulatory characterizations of /s/ .............................................12 2.1.1 Articulatory phonetics of Spanish /s/ ..........................................17 2.1.2 Possible articulatory explanations for Spanish /s/ aspiration/deletion ..........................................................................23 2.2 Acoustic characterizations of /s/ ........................................ .24 2.2.1 Acoustic phonetics of Spanish /$/.......................................29 2.2.2 Possible acoustic explanations for Spanish Is/ aspiration/deletion ..........................................................................34 2.3 Perceptual characterizations of fricatives including /s/ .......... 36 2.3.1 Perception of Spanish / s i ..............................................................39 2.3.2 Possible perceptual explanations for Spanish Is/ aspiration/deletion ..........................................................................44 2.4 Phonological studies of Is/ aspiration/deletion ........................ 45 2.5 Summary ......................................................................................... 51 3. DIACHRONIC ASPECTS OF/s/ASPIRATION/DELETION ........................... 55 3.0 Introduction ................................................'................................... 55 3.1 The development of sibilants in Latin and Romance ............. 55 3.1.1 The development of sibilants in Spanish ................. 57 3.1.2 Aspiration and deletion in the New W orld .............................. 62 3.1.3 The development and causality of aspiration/deletion in S panish .............................................................................................63 3.1.4 Causality of s > h change in S panish........................................71 3.1.5 Aspiration/deletion as an ongoing process in Spanish 72 3.2 Summary...........................................................................................74 v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 4. DIALECTAL AND SOCIOLINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF /s/ ASPIRATION/ DELETION..................................................................................................78 4.0 Introduction ..................................................................................... 78 4.1 Dialectal and sociolinguistic treatments of Spanish /s/ aspiration/deletion .........................................................................
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