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Juvenalpersiuswi00juveuoft Bw.Pdf THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY EDITED BY T. E. PAGE, LITT.D. E. CAPPS, ph.d., ll.d. W. H. D. ROUSE, litt.d. JUVENAL AND PERSIUS JUVENAL AND PERSIUS WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY G. G. RAMSAY, LL.D., Lirr.D. LATE PROFESSOR OF LATIN IN TUB UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW LONDON : WILLIAM HEINEMANN NEW YORK ; G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS MCMXXVIII PA PREFACE the It is a work of some hardihood to attempt who is at translation into English prose of an author a once a unique master of style, splendid versifier, and one of the moralists, the greatest satirist, greatest of the world. Yet it is a task that has appealed to a fascination scholars of every age, and has special of this for one who is called upon hy the conditions be at once series to produce a version which shall literal and idiomatic. who In the case of a great writer like Juvenal, writes for all time, each generation seems to demand a translation of its own, in accordance with the changes in its own point of view and the shifting and each translator desires to usages of language ; the which bring out in his own way special meaning the author has conveyed to him. I have consulted all the better-known translations, of Mr. S. G. Mr. J. D. Lewis, especially those Owen, and Messrs. Strong and Leeper; and there are many of short to be found good idiomatic renderings phrases PREFACE But in Mr. J. D. Duff's excellent edition of Juvenal. is a collection of MS. my greatest obligation to papers on Juvenal and Persius left to me many years ago by William of Glas- my uncle, the late Professor Ramsay on Juvenal were gow University, whose prelections these I have found much appreciated. Among many of a text used happy renderings written on the side and to the same source I owe much for class purposes ; of the matter of the Introduction, especially the whole Satura. I have section on the history of the Roman Hous- also derived much advantage from Professor man's critical edition of Juvenal, and I have to thank use of his of him for permission to make paraphrase 30. 1 In Persius I have Sat. vi., 11. O l-O translating to the well-known been under the greatest obligation version of Professor Conington. of this series to As it is one of the principles print a Sals, vi., and ix., so the originals as whole, ii., with the often omitted by translators, are included and some of rest. They all contain fine passages, is to be found in Juvenal's most powerful writing omitted or Sat. vi. The lines which have to be toned down to meet modern taste are few in num- fairness be that ber, and it must in acknowledged is at times although Juvenal's realism extremely * See note on vi. 365, p. 110. vi PREFACE never or gross, it is always repulsive, alluring prurient, in its tone. I have found it advisable to add summaries to the Satires both of Juvenal and Persius, so as to make clear in every case the course of the argument. Juvenal's rhetorical exuberance frequently carries him into him away from his subject, and leads in his love for recondite irrelevancies ; while Persius, leaves the phrasing and rapid transitions, sometimes reader embarrassed as to his main purpose. Juve- nal's sixth Satire, to whose merits so little attention treated has been paid in English editions, has been somewhat more fully than the rest. The text of both the Juvenal and the Persius is based upon Biicheler's text of 1893, which, as Mr. Duff a full and points out, was the first to give trustworthy account of the readings of P (the Codex Pitkoeamts). Any variation from that text is mentioned in the notes, together with a statement of the authority on which it has been adopted. Bucheler's edition was re-edited in 1910, with but few changes, by Dr. F. Leo. The most important of these changes is that discovered he now recognises as genuine the passage in 1899 by Mr. E. O. Winstedt in the Bodleian MS. G. G. RAMSAY. March 1, 1918. vii CONTENTS VAOB PREFACE v INTRODUCTION LIFE OF JUVENAL XI LIFE OF PERSIUS xxl THE SUPPOSED OBSCURITY OF PERSIUS XXX PERSIUS AND JUVENAL COMPARED XXxiii THE 8ATURA OF ROME XXXvii LUCILIAN SATIRE xhii juvenal's satires summarised xlviii MSS. OF JUVENAL lxxiii MSS. OF PERSIUS lxxvii MSS. OF JUVENAL AS GIVEN IN PROFESSOR housman's edition, 1905 lxxxi MSS. OF PERSIUS AS GIVEN IN BUECHELER'S FOURTH EDITION REVISED BY F. LEO, 1910 . lxxxii THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL SATIRE I 2 SATIRE II 16 SATIRE III « ' 30 ix CONTENTS PAGE THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL {continued)— SATIRE IV 56 SATIRE V "8 SATIRE VI ^2 SATIRE VII 1^6 SATIRE VIII 158 SATIRE IX ISO SATIRE X 19- SATIRE XI 220 SATIRE XII 236 SATIRE XIII 246 SATIRE XIV 264 SATIRE XV 288 SATIRE XVI 302 THE SATIRES OF PERSIUS— PROLOGUE 310 SATIRE I 312 • 333 SATIRE II - SATIRE III 342 SATIRE IV 357 SATIRE V 365 SATIRE VI 390 INDEX TO JUVENAL 405 INDEX TO PERSIUS 414 INTRODUCTION The Life of Juvenal The only certain evidence as to the facts of Juvenal's life is to be found in casual allusions in his own Satires ; such external authorities as there are possess only an uncertain value, and do not even give us the dates of his birth and death. The following passages give us what certain landmarks we possess : — iv. refers (1) Sat. 153 to the murder of the Emperor Domitian, which took place upon the 18th of September, a.d. 96. Sat. ii. 29-33 contains a gross attack upon Domitian. (2) Sat. i. 49, 50 mentions the recent condemna- tion of Marius Priscus for extortion in the province of Africa. That trial, made famous by the fact that the younger Pliny was the chief prosecutor, took place in January, a.d. 100. to (3) The allusion a comet and an earthquake in connection with Armenian and Parthian affairs in Sat. vi. 407 has been held, with some probability, to refer to events in the year 115. (4) Sat. vii. begins with a prophecy that bright days are in store for literature, since it has now xi INTRODUCTION been assured of the patronage of Caesar. The Caesar thus referred to is probability is that the Hadrian, who succeeded Trajan in the year a.d. 117. The attempts to prove that Trajan was the emperor intended have not been successful. Trajan was by was no means a literary emperor, whereas Hadrian himself a poet and surrounded himself with literary and ai-tistic persons of various kinds. Sat. xiii. 17 Juvenal describes the (5) In Calvinus, friend to whom the Satire is addressed, as one qui tarn post terga reliquit Sexaginta annos Fonteio consule natus. There were consuls of the name of Fonteius Capito in three different years, a.d. 12, 59, and 67. The is too the referred to first date obviously early ; year is probably a.d. 67, since in that year, and not in the other two, the name of Fonteius stands first in the Fasti. This would fix Sat. xiii. to the year A.D. 127. in Sat. xv. 27 : — (6) Lastly, Nos miranda quidem sed nuper consule lunco Gesta super calidae referemus moenia Copti, the reading lunco, now satisfactorily established for [unto, refers to Aemilius luncus, who was consul in the year 127. Sat. xv. must therefore have been written in the year a.d. 127, or shortly after it (imper). It will be noted that these dates, supported by various other considerations, suggest that the Satires xii INTRODUCTION are numbered in the order of their publication. This view is confirmed by the fact recorded that the Satires were originally published in five separate books the first book ; consisting of Sat. i. to v. inclusive, the second of Sat. vi., the third of Sat. vii. to the ix., fourth of Sat. x. to xii. inclusive, and the fifth of the Satires. In remaining the case of Sat. L, it seems however, probable that this Satire, being in the nature of a preface, was written after the rest of Book i. Such are the only certain indications as to date which can be discovered in Juvenal's own words. They suggest that the literary period of his life from his earlier (apart recitations) was embraced within the of the reigns emperors Trajan (a.d. and Hadrian 98-117) (a.d. 117-138), probably not to the of extending end the hitter's reign. And as in Sat. xi. 203 he seems to speak of himself as an old we with man, may perhaps, some certainty, put his birth between the yeai-s a.d. 60 and 70. Other indications of a personal kind are few and insignificant. When Umbricius, on leaving Rome, bids good-bye to his old friend Juvenal, he speaks of the chance of seeing him from time to time when " he comes, for the sake of his health, to his own " from which Aquinum ; we may fairly infer that the Volscian town of Aquinum was the poet's native place. This inference is confirmed by an inscription xiii INTRODUCTION found at on a marble stone, now lost, which was formed of an altar to Aquinum. The stone part the records the fact that the Ceres ; and inscription at his cost altar had been dedicated to Ceres own who is described as a by one D.
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