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PRODUCT MONOGRAPH Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Injection, USP 2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL and 7.5 mg/mL Bupivacaine Hydrochloride, USP Sterile Solution Local Anesthetic Baxter Corporation Date of Preparation: Mississauga, Ontario May 22, 2019 L5N 0C2 Submission Control No: 210568 Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Injection, USP Product Monograph Page 1 of 35 Table of Contents PART I: HEALTH PROFESSIONAL INFORMATION......................................................... 3 SUMMARY PRODUCT INFORMATION ....................................................................... 3 INDICATIONS AND CLINICAL USE............................................................................. 3 CONTRAINDICATIONS .................................................................................................. 4 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS................................................................................. 4 ADVERSE REACTIONS................................................................................................. 10 DRUG INTERACTIONS ................................................................................................. 13 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION............................................................................. 14 OVERDOSAGE ............................................................................................................... 18 ACTION AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY ........................................................... 21 STORAGE AND STABILITY......................................................................................... 23 SPECIAL HANDLING INSTRUCTIONS ...................................................................... 24 DOSAGE FORMS, COMPOSITION AND PACKAGING ............................................ 24 PART II: SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION .............................................................................. 26 PHARMACEUTICAL INFORMATION......................................................................... 26 DETAILED PHARMACOLOGY.................................................................................... 26 TOXICOLOGY ................................................................................................................ 27 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 29 PART III: CONSUMER INFORMATION............................................................................. 33 Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Injection, USP Product Monograph Page 2 of 35 Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Injection, USP PART I: HEALTH PROFESSIONAL INFORMATION SUMMARY PRODUCT INFORMATION Route of Dosage Form / Strength Clinically Relevant Administration Nonmedicinal Ingredients Parenteral Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Sodium chloride, sodium Injection USP hydroxide and/or hydrochloric Sterile Solution acid and water for injection. 2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL and 7.5 Multidose vials contain mg/mL bupivacaine hydrochloride methylparaben as a preservative. INDICATIONS AND CLINICAL USE Adults (> 18 years of age): Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Injection, USP is indicated for the production of local or regional anesthesia and analgesia with the following procedures: Local infiltration procedures Peripheral nerve blocks Retrobulbar blocks Caudal, epidural blocks Standard procedures for local infiltration, minor and major nerve blocks, retrobulbar block or epidural block should be observed. Geriatrics (> 65 years of age): Elderly patients should be given reduced doses commensurate with their age and physical condition. Pediatrics (< 2 years of age): Until further experience is gained in children younger than two years, administration of any presentation of bupivacaine injection in this age group is not recommended. Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Injection, USP Product Monograph Page 3 of 35 CONTRAINDICATIONS Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Injection, USP is contraindicated: In patients with a hypersensitivity to bupivacaine, or to any local anesthetic agent of the amide type, or to other components of bupivacaine injections. For intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier Block) since unintentional leakage of bupivacaine over the tourniquet may cause systemic toxic reactions. Cardiac arrest and death have occurred (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). In obstetric paracervical block anesthesia. Use of other local anesthetics in this technique has resulted in foetal bradycardia and death. In severe shock and in heart block and when there is inflammation and/or sepsis near the site of the proposed injection. Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Injection, USP parenteral solutions in multidose vials are contraindicated in patients with a known history of hypersensitivity to ester local anesthetics (which are metabolized to para amino benzoic acid (PABA)), methylparaben and propylparaben (antimicrobial preservatives) or to their metabolite, PABA. Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Injection, USP parenteral solutions in multidose vials contain methylparaben (antimicrobial preservative) and should not be used for epidural or spinal anesthesia, or for any route of administration that would introduce solution into the cerebrospinal fluid. The safety of these agents has not been established with regard to intrathecal injection, either intentional or accidental. These solutions should not be administered intra-ocularly or retro-ocularly. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS General LOCAL ANESTHETICS SHOULD ONLY BE USED BY CLINICIANS WHO ARE WELL VERSED IN DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF DOSE-RELATED TOXICITY AND OTHER ACUTE EMERGENCIES WHICH MAY ARISE FROM THE BLOCK TO BE PERFORMED, AND THEN ONLY AFTER ENSURING THE IMMEDIATE AVAILABILITY OF CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATIVE EQUIPMENT, RESUSCITATIVE DRUGS, INCLUDING OXYGEN, AND THE PERSONNEL RESOURCES NEEDED FOR PROPER MANAGEMENT OF TOXIC REACTIONS AND RELATED EMERGENCIES (see ADVERSE REACTIONS AND OVERDOSAGE). DELAY IN PROPER MANAGEMENT OF DOSE-RELATED TOXICITY, UNDERVENTILATION FROM ANY CAUSE AND/OR Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Injection, USP Product Monograph Page 4 of 35 ALTERED SENSITIVITY MAY LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACIDOSIS, CARDIAC ARREST AND, POSSIBLY, DEATH. THE HIGHEST (0.75%) CONCENTRATION OF ISOTONIC BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE INJECTION IS NOT RECOMMENDED FOR OBSTETRICAL ANESTHESIA. THERE HAVE BEEN REPORTS OF CARDIAC ARREST WITH DIFFICULT RESUSCITATION OR DEATH FOLLOWING ITS USE FOR EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA IN OBSTETRICAL PATIENTS. RESUSCITATION HAS BEEN DIFFICULT OR IMPOSSIBLE DESPITE APPARENTLY ADEQUATE PREPARATION AND APPROPRIATE MANAGEMENT. CARDIAC ARREST HAS OCCURRED AFTER CONVULSIONS RESULTING FROM SYSTEMIC TOXICITY, PROBABLY FOLLOWING UNINTENTIONAL INTRAVASCULAR INJECTION. AN INTRAVENOUS CANNULA MUST BE INSERTED BEFORE THE LOCAL ANESTHETIC IS INJECTED FOR NERVE BLOCKS WHICH MAY RESULT IN HYPOTENSION OR BRADYCARDIA, OR WHERE ACUTE SYSTEMIC TOXICITY MAY DEVELOP FOLLOWING INADVERTENT INTRAVASCULAR INJECTION. THE LOWEST DOSAGE OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC THAT RESULTS IN EFFECTIVE ANESTHESIA OR ANALGESIA SHOULD BE USED TO AVOID HIGH PLASMA LEVELS AND SERIOUS ADVERSE REACTIONS. INJECTIONS SHOULD BE MADE SLOWLY OR IN INCREMENTAL DOSES, WITH FREQUENT ASPIRATIONS BEFORE AND DURING THE INJECTION TO AVOID INTRAVASCULAR INJECTION. Reports of Irreversible Chondrolysis with Intra-articular Infusions of Local Anesthetics Following Surgery: Intra-articular infusions of local anesthetics following arthroscopic and other surgical procedures is an unapproved use, and there have been post-marketing reports of irreversible chondrolysis in patients receiving such infusions. The majority of reported cases of irreversible chondrolysis have involved the shoulder joint; cases of gleno-humeral irreversible chondrolysis have been described in pediatric and adult patients following intra-articular infusions of local anesthetics with and without epinephrine for periods of 48 to 72 hours. The time of onset of symptoms, such as joint pain, stiffness and loss of motion can be variable, but may begin as early as the 2nd month after surgery. Currently, there is no effective treatment for irreversible chondrolysis; patients who experienced irreversible chondrolysis have required additional diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and some required arthroplasty or shoulder replacement. Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Injection, USP should not be used for postoperative intra-articular infusion (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). The following precautions apply to all local anesthetics: Select needles of proper length and bevel for the technique employed. Inject slowly with frequent aspirations and, if blood is aspirated, relocate the needle. Inadvertent intravascular injection may cause serious complications. Absorption is more rapid when injections are made into highly vascular tissues. Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Injection, USP Product Monograph Page 5 of 35 In caudal or epidural anesthesia, abandon the method if the subarachnoid space has been entered, as shown by aspiration of spinal fluid. However, a negative aspiration is not 100% reliable. Injection of repeated doses of bupivacaine may cause a significant increase in blood levels due to accumulation of the drug or its metabolites or slow metabolic degradation. Tolerance to elevated blood levels varies with the physical condition of the patient. Major peripheral nerve blocks may imply the administration of a large volume of local anesthetic in areas of high vascularity, often close to large vessels where there is an increased risk of intravascular injection and/or rapid systemic absorption which can lead to high plasma concentrations. Local
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