Peking University

WinterAutumn 2015 2016 / / Issue Issue 33 36

02 Joseph08 Tones Nye or Words StudyingWe Are at One ISSCAD Family “Is the AmericanYour Chinese Century Learning Over?” Struggles 1202When South Meets South Working for the Future 33 UN15 2030Professor Jean C. Oi NEWSLETTER｜ PEKING UNIVERSITY AUTUMN 2016 / ISSUE 36 RebuildingBridging Order in Two a Fragmenting Campuses World Order PEKING UNIVERSITY Contents

Autumn 2016 ｜ Issue 36 Spotlight Peking University

WinterAutumn 2015 2016 / / Issue Issue 33 36 Joseph Nye: “Is the American Century Over?”...... 02 President of the Republic of Belarus Speaks at PKU...... 05

Column

PKU’s Social Support Systems and Student Emotional Well-being...... 09 Studying at ISSCAD: When South Meets South...... 12 The (Not So) Confusing World of Chinese Internet Lingo...... 16

02 Joseph08 Tones Nye or Words StudyingWe Are atOne ISSCAD Family “Is the AmericanYour Chinese Century Learning Over?” Struggles 1202When South Meets South Working for the Future 33 UN15 2030Professor Jean C. Oi RebuildingBridging Order in Two a Fragmenting Campuses World Order People

Editorial Board A Historian’s History: Interview with Dr. Hendrikus Van Wijlick...... 19

Advisor: Li Yansong, Vice President for International Relations Campus Chair: Xia Hongwei, Director, Office of International Relations Vice-Chair: Yan Jun, Zheng Ruqing, Wang Yong, Kang Tao, Zhou Manli The Yenching Academy of Peking University Holds Business Seminar in Coordination with the Mexican Coordinator: Luo Ling, Eric Schafer Chamber of Commerce in China...... 22 Designer: CREATIVEGG Peking University Scholars Survey Dunhuang’s Mural Art...... 24 th The 13 Annual International Culture Festival: PKU Celebrates Diversity...... 26 Editorial Team Int'l Collaboration Chief Editor: Wang Runjian th Deputy Chief Editors: Huang Fangyuan, Wei Yuchen The 34 World Congress of Art History Convenes in Beijing...... 28 Copy Editors: Anthony Ng, Derek Tong, Ji Caixuan, Jonathan Ly, Veeresh Kanduri PKU President Lin Jianhua and Delegation Visit the United States...... 29 Spotlight & Voice: Zheng Zihui, Ou Kun International Symposium on “Cross-cultural Exchanges and Dialogue between Civilizations”...... 3 1 People & Column: Liu Xiya Academic & Cover: Lin Zixi, Zhang Yixuan Voice International Collaboration & Giving: Li Ruoxue, Xin Yuan Campus: Zhong Xue, Tan Yi Qian Svetlána Alexiévich Shares Her Literary Experience...... 32 Peking University Newsletter is a publication for alumni and friends of Peking University UN 2030: Rebuilding Order in a Fragmenting World Order...... 33 and is produced by the Office of International Relations (OIR). Please feel free to send us Andrew Abbot on Processual Sociology: A Theory of ‘On-the-Way’...... 35 suggestions or ideas so that we can improve this publication. Australian National University Vice-Chancellor Speaks About Sino-Australian Education Relations...... 38 Mao Wenchao: Dare to Think Differently and Try as Fast as You Can...... 4 1 Contact Us Academic Address: Office of International Relations Peking University, 100871 PKU Researchers Made Progress in Emoji Use on Mobile Services...... 44 Beijing, P.R. China Tiny Mirror Improves Microscope Resolution for Studying Cells ...... 45 Phone: (+86) 10-6275-7453 PKU Team’s Research Shows Significance of Residential Emissions as Pollution Source...... 46 Fax: (+86) 10-6275-1240 Statistical Analysis of Air Pollution in Five Major Cities in China...... 48 Email: [email protected] Seminal Analysis of the 1989 Revolution in East Germany by PKU Professor Dr. Stephan Jaggi...... 49 Job Training, Skills Enhancement, and Rural Urban Migration in China...... 50 Newsletter Online Giving The Newsletter can be read online at: www.oir.pku.edu.cn/En/ The views expressed in this publication are the views of the authors and do not necessarily BHP Billiton-Peking University Donation Agreement Signed...... 52 reflect the views of the Office of International Relations or Peking University. PKU Chinese Art Global Communication Yang Quanhai Fund Establishment Ceremony...... 52 Zhang Shiying Aesthetic Philosophy Scholarship Established at PKU...... 53

NEWSLETTER｜ PEKING UNIVERSITY AUTUMN 2016 / ISSUE 36 0 1 Spotlight

Luce to convince the US to give up nal productivity growth, Ancient abnormally high share of global its isolationist stance and join the Rome, showing absolute decline, output due to the destruction of all war. In contrast to its retreat from succumbed to its own deficiencies major economies with the excep- the international stage after the rather than to another emerging tion of the American one during First World War, the US kept its superpower. Contrasting this the Second World War. Looking global influence after the Second destiny to the US, Nye indicated briefly at Europe, Russia, India, and World War, demonstrated for instance that the latter is clearly not in abso- Brazil as well as pointing out the by the Marshall Plan of 1948 and the lute (albeit relative) decline and most urgent problems in each of foundation of NATO in 1949, and he named four reasons: First of all, them, he concluded that China is thus built its supremacy. while Europe is imminently facing the most likely country to challenge major demographic obstacles, the the US in its status as a superpower. The Fear of Decline: “The US is expected to be the third most But Nye also put this prediction Americans Are a Strange populated country in 2050 after into perspective. While estima- People” India and China. Second, thanks to tions of when China will overtake

Nye continued by putting the American “anxiety of decline” into Looking at the relative decline of Ameri-

historical perspective. He pointed “can economic power, he argued that recent out that ever since its foundation, developments rather constitute a return to

Joseph Nye Americans feared decline. Even the long term normal, starting from an abnor- Washington and Jefferson were mally high share of global output due to the “ “Is the American Century Over?” allegedly already afraid of possible destruction of all major economies with the > Christian Steidl political decay. This fear has also exception of the American one during the been visible in the last century after Second World War. the launch of Sputnik in 1957 by the Soviet Union or the Japanese ccording to some polls, 21, 2016, at the Peking University of the British Empire, Nye outlined economic boom in the 1980s, and many Americans hold School of International Studies by that labelling a century like this new technologies like the exploita- the US economically often use was more recently triggered by the opinion that the a large crowd of students, some of hinges on that very country’s ability tion of shale gas and shale oil, the current growth rates, Nye pointed the “rise of China”. These “waves United States is currently which arrived as early as two hours and willingness to provide global US is likely to become energy inde- out that economic development is A of anxiety of decline” led Nye to losing its role as a dominant before the scheduled start of his public goods such as maritime pendent. Third, Nye mentioned likely to slow down in every coun- analyze whether the recent fears of power to China or it will soon be lecture in order to get a seat. security. After the end of the Brit- the American lead in technologi- try that experienced comparably the end of the “American Century” doing so. Together with the “rise ish hegemony and after ceasing cal innovation, underpinned by, high growth rates. Taking this into can be based on facts. fourth, the presumably best higher consideration would mean that of China”, some also proclaimed When Did the “American to provide these public goods, the end of American supremacy. Century” Begin? no other country stepped into its education system in the world. China will overtake the US later Hearing these voices, Joseph S. Nye position. Despite being a major Absolute and Relative Taken together, all this would not than predicted, and, even then, set out to answer the question: “Is Right at the beginning of his talk economic and military power in Decline look like absolute decline, says will not match America’s per capita the American Century over?” Nye, Nye issued the caveat that naming a the 1920s and 1930s, the US did Nye. GDP. Distinguished Service Professor century as belonging to any specific not act as a global superpower but To answer this question, Nye Looking at the relative decline at Harvard University and known country might be misleading and rather turned inward. Nye therefore distinguished between absolute of American economic power, he Economic Power and Soft around the world for his pioneer- pointed out that he simply referred dated the beginning of the “Amer- and relative decline and referred to argued that recent developments Power ing work in soft power and smart to this term due to its common use. ican Century” back to 1941, when the fate of Ancient Rome. Growing rather constitute a return to the power, was welcomed on October Drawing on the historical example the term was first used by Henry through conquest and not inter- long term normal, starting from an In addition, there are other

02 NEWSLETTER｜ PEKING UNIVERSITY AUTUMN 2016 / ISSUE 36 03 Spotlight

dimensions of power than merely that it is crucial to “get power rela- analyze in the beginning: On the economic power, like, of course, tions right”. In contrast to many one hand, the “American Century” President of the Republic of Belarus military power as well as soft historical examples when the rise is not over in the meaning that power. China’s soft power is arising of one country resulted in violent another superpower would replace Speaks at PKU from the attractiveness of Chinese power struggles, the US and China the US; but, on the other hand, the > Huang Fangyuan, Wei Yuchen traditional culture, its staggering have more time to figure out a US cannot unilaterally control the world, and in this way, the “American Century” has n Friday, September 30, utive Vice Dean of the Institute of said that Peking University “has the been over for some time. 2016, at Yingjie Over- International and Strategic Studies motto of inclusiveness, freedom, Nye then finished seas Exchange Center of Peking University Guan Guihai met and democracy” and “contributed a his lecture and opened Peking University (PKU), with President Lukashenko. lot to the development of the whole the floor to questions. O the President of the Republic of It was President Lukashenko’s Asia and even the whole body During the Q&A session Nye further elaborated on Belarus, Alexander Grigoryevich ninth visit to China since he entered of mankind.” Peking University some points of his reason- Lukashenko visited Peking Univer- politics but this was the first time fostered many famous people such ing and added examples. sity. The Chairman of the Peking that he delivered a speech in front as Lu Xun (Zhou Shuren) and Chen On economic interdepen- University Council Zhu Shanlu; of Chinese university students. Duxiu and is sending a new gener- dence he pointed out that Vice President Li Yansong; the Lukashenko spoke highly of the ation of politicians, economists, a symmetric relationship Dean of the School of Foreign decisive roles that Peking Univer- diplomats, and entrepreneurs onto results in little mutual Languages Ning Qi; and the Exec- sity played in the modern era. He the world stage. power, which is partly substantiated in China-US economic relations. economic growth rates as well as its peaceful relationship that can be Concerning the aforementioned contribution in alleviating poverty. cooperative. Instead of fearing its cooperation he conceded that this But, Nye explained China has prob- rise, especially as this fear is mostly might not be completely possible lems materializing this soft power unsubstantiated, Nye advocated in all areas, one example being due to more nationalistic tenden- inviting China to contribute to the cyberspace. Nye answered the final cies towards some of its neighbors: provision of global public goods. question on what Chinese policy “It is not enough just to set up Despite the existence of many makers could take away to work a Confucius Institute in another competitive issues like the South towards a “Chinese Century” by country if at the same time you are China Sea, Nye indicated that possi- praising China for setting up the having a dispute with them about bilities for cooperation prevailed, Asian Infrastructure Investment a border.” While American soft naming various fields, such as Bank, its engagement in peace- power largely emerges from its pop global climate change, combating keeping missions as well as the culture, the influence of Chinese terrorism, the provision of mone- collaboration between the US and pop culture is stifled by tighter tary stability, and the containment China on reaching a common government control. of pandemics. Cooperation would ground for the Paris Agreement. In therefore in many areas be more this sense, as Nye stressed again, “Don’t Succumb to Fear” beneficial to both countries than the future will increasingly see competition. Nye then went on to cooperation between these two In conclusion, Nye pointed out answer the question he set out to powers.

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pressures. Thus, Belarus strives to education and sanitation per capita not to fall behind the global trend”. enhance cooperation and commu- are all in the top 30. Belarus also nication with all neighboring focused on industrial development, Belarusian-Chinese countries. However, all the collec- worked with the best manufac- Relations: A Brand New tive actions and efforts should be turers in the world and achieved Partnership based on equality. In regard to this, many accomplishments, such as Belarus and China have successfully tractors, TVs, refrigerators, cloth- Prior to President Lukashenko’s reached a consensus on the idea of ing, and other goods. “We meet visit to PKU, he and President Xi cooperation. wide demands domestically and Jinping signed a Belarus-China Belarus advocates equal, impar- abroad”, he said. declaration on establishing rela- tial and multilateral international Meanwhile, Belarus put a strong tions of trusting comprehensive order, which is also the foundation of further development. China and Belarus have exactly the same Only a multilateral order could keep the

position on this issue. Only a “world from being destroyed. No system will multilateral order could keep the survive with only one pillar. Lukashenko

world from being destroyed. No explained that Belarus supports the idea of system will survive with only one peaceful coexistence and mutual support, “ pillar. Lukashenko explained that which is one of its contributions to the Belarus supports the idea of peace- global order. ful coexistence and mutual support, President Lukashenko described lenges have appeared, such as example, some countries topple which is one of its contributions to himself as the “first man in Belar- middle-east conflicts, terrorism, governments, intervene in domestic the global order. us-China relations”. He recalled, the Syrian civil war, North Africa affairs, and even conduct military emphasis on the development of strategic partnership and mutually “When I was a senator I said that, conflicts, the Ukraine issue, and intervention under the pretext of National Development of advanced and green technology. beneficial cooperation. The joint we should reserve and refine the the refugee crisis to name a few. protecting human rights, which Belarus After the Transition For instance, Belarus is currently declaration reads: “Thanks to joint political and economic system of The contemporary era is made up leads to international disruptions doing a great deal of investment in goal-oriented efforts at the high- both countries and act as a succes- of unpredictable elements, and as with severe casualties. “Even the After the transition, Belarus nuclear energy, spaceflight, bioen- est level, mutual political trust, sor of beneficial heritage, which is Lukashenko explained, “Although best goals cannot be achieved by found the best road of national gineering, and more. Belarus has and mutually beneficial coopera- exactly the road we chose. I feel it is we achieved positive progress, we bad measures”, he said. development on the basis of the started many large high-technology tion between Belarus and China my honor to become the first man have to admit that after so many Lukashenko then explained Soviet Union’s heritage. This projects, such as satellite launching have reached an unprecedented in Belarus-China relations.” years, we not only failed to over- Belarus’s stance in global politics, pattern is context specific and effec- in Xichang, reconstruction of rail- level. Relations of comprehensive come these old problems, but “we believe deeply in participating tive, leading to high standard of ways and highways, construction strategic partnership between the Reflections on Current also felt quite helpless with new in the international and regional social security. It was able to solve of the modern housing system, two countries have reached a new International Relations hazards.” politics, blending into the global the food security problem and was especially the industry parks, and stage. Guided by principles of President Lukashenko believes road harmoniously, and calling able to make Belarus self-reliant. attracting enterprises from all over mutual respect, mutually bene- Nowadays, along with the that “the imbalance of devel- for corporate responsibility.” He In the post-Soviet Union era, the world. Lukashenko said that the ficial cooperation, the two sides increasingly competitive global opment is undermining public also mentioned Belarus’s strong Belarus is in a leading position in direction and tendency of Belarus set out to continuously advance environment, many severe chal- interests and personal rights.” For opposition to any form of external many fields. For example, Belarus’s is “consistent with the world, trying mutual political trust and coop-

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eration in various areas, step up partnership and cooperative rela- strengthen cooperation in bilateral contacts between the nations and tionship. “Only four countries have trade, education, and innovation PKU’s Social Support Systems and Student humanitarian exchange programs, such close relations which China, in science and technology, and will Emotional Wellbeing enrich the comprehensive strategic work together with other Eurasian including Belarus”, he said, “so we > Anthony Ng partnership component of Belar- feel very proud about that.” economic alliances to speed up the usian-Chinese relations, promote Lukashenko regards China’s construction of the China-Belarus friendship ’in any weather‘, and One Belt, One Road Initiative as Industrial Park. You are Not Alone create a community of common the right strategy, helping neigh- Lukashenko concluded his e’ve all had that interests and a community of boring countries become close speech by saying, “We all know same dream. Where common fate.” friends and partners. Specifically, that to achieve a great goal, we no matter how fast In his speech, Lukashenko establishing an exemplary science need efforts from both sides. You we run, the slower traced the Belarus’s diplomatic can never clap with one hand. It’s W park in the middle of Eurasia, our movement feels. How louder we history with China back to January thereby enhancing cooperation my ninth time visiting China, and scream, the more silent we become. 20, 1992, when Belarus developed between Eurasia and China. every time I come, I feel like visit- This is a dream for many, but a real- diplomatic relations with China. Thus, Lukashenko compared the ing a new country. I really admire ity for some. When we feel bullied, harassed, under pressure, and feel In twenty years, which is shorter China-Belarus Industry Park, an your progress.” He hoped that as if we are stranded on the top of a compared with other countries, important part of the Silk Road the friendship between Belarus mountain—lonely and alone. Belarus has upgraded its relation- Economic Belt to “a genuine bright and China would deepen and be Before university we may have ship to comprehensive strategic consolidated in the future. pearl in the Silk Road”. Belarus will experienced similar feelings of help- lessness; it may be from pressure from school work, our parents and family’s concerns about grades or what we should (or perhaps more likely shouldn’t) be doing with our lives. Maybe we feel as if things are just piling up on us too much and too fast. Back then, before univer- sity, we could call on our closest friends and family for help and support, and someone would always be around to listen to us. Psycholog- ical support is, as humans are social animals, so desperately needed. During our university stud- ies, those same systems of social from external and internal issues to adapt to any new social environ- support, at first glance, may not and how to take advantage of the ment, never feel like outsiders, and appear to be as strong. They are support that PKU provides. are always part of the conversation, there but maybe we just don’t know more often than not, will be able to where to look for them. This article Friends at PKU make friends wherever they go. And will try to provide a roadmap for these new friends, those that we’ve us to better navigate through those For those people who have made over the past few weeks since negative feelings that arise both personalities that seem to be able we arrived, may even become more

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meet with them and way—psychologically, verbally, and at the earliest point in time. Any too many times for all the wrong Pressure can be managed with appease their interests maybe even physically. behavior such as this need not be reasons. We’ve irrationally ascribed the right tools and techniques, and before our own. An tolerated nor expected in a civi- such behavior to those of us who are the beautiful thing is that these are opportunity cost that Bullying and Harassment lized and tolerant society. This is “weak” and “cowardly” rather than not physical resources that can be may be too much. where we need to be brave enough simply not understanding other exhausted, and they are completely Does this mean we “During my previous studies at to speak out and this is where our people’s situations and difficulties. within your control as to when and don’t need friends? other universities, culturally (and friends can help empower us to When and if you feel pressured at how to use them – they are psycho- No, it doesn’t. It just because of many recent events in speak out. any time you need to raise your logical and mental processes that means, for those of the US), students more openly voice. The louder you are, the more can be learned over time. And, the us with relatively discussed their experiences regard- Support at PKU you will be heard. The faster you more you use them, the more useful fewer friends, we ing sexual harassment. This kind of run from the shadow chasing you, they become—compounding over needn’t feel alone. open discourse and close support “There are ample opportunities the further you will be from that time. The world is ever system allowed some victims to find for student involvement in clubs, shadow. Generally ensuring you get the more connected and some comfort in difficult times.” activities, and events” Brendan There are many support systems right amount of sleep. These hours those connections Sunghee Tark, PKU master’s degree Millan, PKU master’s degree student on campus outside of our colleagues, can also be “banked” for future use do not have to be student from Korea from the US. our peers, classmates, and friends, if you know you are not going to be necessarily physical If I say the name “Trump”, aside Students and professors at PKU which we may not be aware of. sleeping much in the near future. – they can be virtual, from the obvious “President-elect”, are all unique and exceptional, and There are also more than a hundred You can sleep more over the preced- than just transient. They may indeed political, economic and even spir- a number of images and adjectives we are reminded of this every day student unions and associations ing days to ensure that if you don’t become our friends for life, and in itual connections we make, and it will arise in your consciousness. as we walk on campus or hear a available for that additional layer have enough time to sleep closer some cases more than just friends: is from these connections that we Depending on your political and lecture—whether it be on history, of support you may need if you are up to your deadline you will be less partners in business, and maybe derive our meaning and purpose. social leanings, some more nega- computer science, economics, or really far from home, either in the likely to be adversely effected. even become romantically involved. This lack of purpose is what causes tive others positive. No matter your politics. Your interest in a topic you physical sense of distance or feel- Regular exercise can help your What about for those of us who the truest feeling of loneliness and political bent though, what you may not even be studying can be ings. mind just as much as your body, find it more difficult to adapt, that doesn’t in all instances require may think of is a man who has said piqued through many of the numer- There probably is still room and ensuring that you eat and drink who find it harder to express our friendship to create—it requires (and allegedly done) some inexcus- ous student societies available to for a formal student union to be as healthily as possible are all ways thoughts and feelings. For those insight. And insight can come able things which he’s ascribed to us, which allows you to pursue a set up for international students you can alleviate stress and improve who always feel as if they are on from many sources, which PKU so-called “locker room” banter. multi-disciplinary education which who want to know more about your wellbeing. the outside of the group, they’ve has in abundance: our professors, Sexist and racist talk is always is if you want to truly succeed, bullying and harassment, and to Managing your internal stress never been able to find where or colleagues, classmates (i.e. people at around, and it takes many different required in today’s world. Many of provide a “safe space” for students and telling others about your feel- with whom they fit in, and they find PKU, not necessarily your friends) forms, but this does not mean it you will go on to do some incred- to discuss their experiences, which ings to responsible people who will it difficult to make conversations. all can stimulate forms of insight should be tolerated. ible things through the benefits of they may not be comfortable shar- keep these things confidential is the Having friends and being a part of from which we can derive our own Kang Chenwei, a student at the education provided by PKU. But ing outside of a formal association. first step in alleviating the fear that social groups are highly correlated meaning and purpose. In this sense, another university in Beijing, all of us can reach a point where our The PKU Psychology Counselling there is no one on your side. Some- with happiness and wellbeing, but the environment that PKU provides explains that incidents of sexual capacity is exceeded by our feeling Support Center is available to us, one is always there. You just need to that does not mean we cannot lead to stimulate such insight is great. harassment on his campus was far of burden. Many of us can still have and they can cater to international know where to look. fruitful, meaningful lives with fewer But friends are also there to more prevalent than one might those same feelings of helplessness students, however, due to resource rather than more friends. Think of support us when we are down have expected in today’s civilized and of being bullied. And, in some constraints, they primarily provide PKU Counseling Center it this way – you are being selective and feel like we are overburdened. society. It is incidents like those that very rare instances, even feelings of Chinese-language services. At the with your time and being selective They’ll be there for us when we feel Chenwei shed a light on, and those harassment—physical or psycholog- end of this article are the contact Address: New Sun Student Center, gives us more time for other things like we’ve been unjustly treated or which indicate the potential for ical. We cannot afford to let these details for the Center. 4th floor – to read, to write, to experience wronged. We need to lean on them abuse like the “locker room” talk things just slide. Tel: 62760852 things which others may not want to in those difficult times. This is even of Trump, where we need a system What about if we’re really feeling View Yourself as the Ulti- Email: [email protected] do and where, if we had “too many” more so when we feel like we may which helps us prevent, and at the down and we feel that there is no mate Arbiter of What and Website: friends, we may feel obligated to have been treated in an abusive very least, detect incidents like this way out. We’ve seen this happen How You Feel http://counseling.pku.edu.cn

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required courses and one elective success or failure, for example Studying at ISSCAD this term. These courses include the Great Leap Forward and Land Microeconomic Analysis, Political Reforms. In the China Immersion When South Meets South Economy Analysis of Cotempo- Program, we also had great oppor- > Gao Kailin rary China, and Statistics in Social tunities to attend lectures given by Science Research. It is much more previous high-ranking officials, such than the usual four courses that a as Chen Deming, Former Minister of he Institute of South- rience, especially with developing this year, to study Mandarin in first year master’s or PhD student Commerce and Li Zhaoxing, Former South Cooperation and and underdeveloped countries. Kuangyedaxue (China University of undertakes. Foreign Minister.” Development (ISSCAD) However, who has come to this Mining and Technology)” Ibrokhim He had offers from other Talking about his classmates at Tis both a distinguished program and how do they feel about Karimov told me. He comes from universities too, for example, the ISSCAD, he thinks that studying and mysterious name on the PKU ISSCAD? Full of curiosity, I stepped Uzbekistan, a country undergoing Management Science program at with African and other countries’ campus. Initiated and announced onto the beautiful Langrun Garden a period of sustainable economic Beijing University of Science and officials is both interesting and by Chinese President Xi Jinping and interviewed three ISSCAD growth in central Asia, and a nation Technology, as well as an offer from rewarding. “They have ten to during the High-Level Roundtable students. This short account cannot sharing the memory of the ancient the Harbin Institute of Technology, twenty years of work experience in on South-South Cooperation at fully demonstrate the complexity Silk Road with China. His pronun- but he decided to study economics, government. Mingling with them the United Nations in 2015, the and diversity of this new institute, ciation of the Mandarin name of the because he thought this was the sometimes makes me feel like a ISSCAD was officially established but at least it can give us a closer Institute surprised me with its accu- field that could help his country child!” he laughed. “But I do learn at the National School of Develop- look at the sparks of excitement racy, especially in his use of tones. overcome its obstacles. a lot from them,” and he admires ment, Peking University, in April ignited when the South meets the “ISSCAD is a new program, “Nowadays Uzbekistan is consid- the courage and determination of 2016. Given China’s compelling South. but really diverse. Going through ered one of the steadily developing his classmates getting back to school story of dramatic growth and its curriculum, I found that it is countries around the world. My after working for over ten years. poverty reduction over the past Ibrokhim Karimov something that requires a lot of country gained independence 25 me to enhance priceless skills and “That is a lot of sacrifice, but of three decades, the new institute (Uzbekistan) effort!” Ibrokhim showed me his years ago after the Soviet Union experiences that are going to be course we can learn a lot at ISSCAD aims to promote sustainable growth student handbook. Going through dismantled. It is now mainly focus- practical in my homeland. But so that our country won’t get stuck by sharing this knowledge and expe- “I came to Beijing in February it, I discovered that ISSCAD has six ing on essential fields of economic when talking about technology, with the same problems that once growth such as agriculture, informa- it is not only about the hardware confronted China.” tion technology, and education.” but also the software, for instance, Our conversation ended on the Before coming to ISSCAD for the usage of a communication tool way to his next class, Development his PhD, he had worked for Inha like WeChat can be applied in the Economics. “Our schedule is too University at Tashkent for two years, educational and financial institu- intense that I rarely have chances to a university with a great emphasis tions. In order to keep up with the meet with other PKU students, but on information technology. “Our grand goals of the One Belt and One this is the life of PhD student” he university is the first one in Uzbeki- Road plan, we need to catch up with smiled and entered the classroom. stan to launch an online application technology and gather all needed and online supervision system for resources.” Ousmane (Senegal) students and parents,” he took great Studying at ISSCAD is an pride in the effort that his university enjoyable experience for him. “I “Why have you done so many had made. He himself also has an am learning from people that are masters?” I was surprised when I acute sense of the utility of technol- experts in their own fields, about learned that Ousmane has already ogy that China has itself applied. practical skills that can be imple- done three master’s degrees before He was amazed at how the mented rather than just theories,” coming to ISSCAD. He comes from WeChat payment system has facil- he said excitedly, “The courses here Senegal, a country located in the itated domestic consumption in give me a closer look at what has western part of Africa, and he finally China. “Studying in China allows been done in China, no matter decided to come to China for his

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After living in China for several ing system in London is completely returned from the “One Belt, One months, he was very impressed different, not to mention that it is Road” Development Forum in by the education level in China. not your native language. But after Hangzhou, speaking on the poten- “People in China are really educated. a year or so, I started to think about tial of Ukraine-China cooperation. I never faced two people arguing and what would be the next step for my When asked about whether the insulting each other, but it is really career, and I thought a PhD might workload at ISSCAD was more than common in Africa. The problem be a good option.” that at LSE, she gave me a surpris- is not about the nature of people She thinks that the cooperation ing answer, “Absolutely, yes! Like but about education. We have 14 opportunities between China and yesterday, I was doing a statistics million people in Senegal, but only Ukraine have been largely over- assignment until half past eleven at 4% receive higher education. And looked. It is also one of the major night. The other night I was analyz- we don’t have enough accommoda- reasons why she chose ISSCAD. ing a 40-page article from Professor tion for students either.” “Interest in China is growing Fu Jun. That was just one article, Regarding his future plans, he rapidly. Learning about China’s but we have seven subjects! When told me he would go back to Senegal reform approach is more than valu- I was at LSE, I had four courses, after graduation and serve his coun- able for my country. There are very three mandatory and one elective. try, “My country, my government, few think tanks in Ukraine studying Of course ISSCAD is more intense and my people have given me all the China. Studying at ISSCAD helps in terms of homework.” She still PhD after ten years’ experience of world; for example, Justin Yifu Lin Lin’s book The Quest for Prosper- resources. They paid for my educa- me gain life experience from China, needed to study two extra Mandarin serving the government. He finished studied at the University of Chicago ity: How Developing Countries Can tion and they hired me. Even though and this program is unique for classes by herself to get into a more his first master’s degree in 2005 and Yao Yang studied at the Univer- Take Off, he really likes the idea of I have served the government for ten Ukraine and China’s cooperation advanced class. “Courses keep you and started to work for Senegal’s sity of Wisconsin-Madision. As a going back to Adam Smith and that years, it is not enough. At the end of under the New Silk Road.” so busy, making you incapable of government as a junior economist, student, the first priority is always countries need to develop based my studies, I want to pay back my She is working for the Ministry doing anything else. But I under- and every two years he goes back to the qualification of teachers, not to on comparative advantages, “My country and offer my experience to of Economic Development and stand that we need to have a tight university to continue his studies. mention that PKU ranks within the country tried to industrialize, but help my people improve their lives.” Trade and serving as an advisor schedule to make the program infor- “But I was so afraid to be top 50 in the world.” we never thought about compar- He even started to write a book, “I to the First Vice Prime Minister of mative and constructive,” she sighed involved in a PhD program, simply He was also very grateful for the ative advantages, and we failed. am lucky to be here. I am the only Ukraine. “He asked me to advise and smiled. because seeing my friend doing five Chinese Government’s initiative to Observing China’s practice of the Senegalian at ISSCAD. I want to him about economic coopera- Wherever she goes, she can pick or seven years of PhD without work- open its best educational resources division of labor is really inspiring write something to help Chinese tion in China. I think what has up the local language, that was, ing was just scary for me,” Ousmane to the world, “We have several for me.” Last week, his class went to people understand African problems been underutilized is Ukraine’s until she met Mandarin. “I learned said, “But later, when our previous scholarships for African countries Baigo in Hebei Province for a field and to help my country develop its free trade agreement with the EU. German, French, Spanish, Polish, dean asked me ‘Ousmane, why are each year. But even France, which trip. There they witnessed the entire economy. I have not yet decided Chinese firms can open the Euro- and Greek. Language has never you doing so many masters, we colonized us, and the US, a big process of manufacturing bags and all of the topics, but it will be my pean market through Ukraine and been a problem for me, until I came need you as a lecturer’, I changed power, were not able to offer Afri- suitcases on an assembly line. “Such pursuit in the long run.” the recently reformed PPP law in to China. I thought people on the my mind, and I thought that was can students the opportunity to division of labor does not exist in Ukraine will be a nice way for us to streets will speak English in China, the time for a PhD.” go to the best universities in their Senegal. In my country, one person Elena Balbekova (Ukraine) cooperate. However, this amazing but this is not the case! I cannot Talking about the reason why countries. No one did it before, but still produces the entire thing,” he opportunity has not been utilized really communicate and find my he chose ISSCAD, he said the back- China is doing it.” said. The development of Shenzhen, “Immediately after finishing my at all so far.” She thinks the major way. This is rather uncomfortable. ground of the professors was his “When seeing Justin Yifu Lin in the first special economic zone in third degree at LSE, I felt I would problem is that very few Chinese And Food is totally different too. In first consideration, “I learned about the flesh at ISSCAD, I felt like I was China, struck him the most: “My never study again,” Elena Balbe- know about Ukraine: from the Ukraine, you have much less sauce ISSCAD from the Chinese Embassy in space! Justin Lin is the advisor thesis will focus on how to build kova said jokingly. She comes from number of people in the coun- and oil.” in Senegal. I was amazed at the fact for our president. He is really well- industrial parks in Senegal drawing Ukraine, a fascinating country try to information about market However, what she likes about that almost all faculty members here known in Africa. He offered advice on the experience of China, just like located in Eastern Europe. “It is demand. “I myself cannot solve the China is also the unexpectedness. have done their PhDs in very pres- on the construction of an economic how Shenzhen started from scratch not like doing degrees in your own problem entirely, but at least I can “I am very grateful for my life. It is tigious universities throughout the zone in Senegal.” Having read Justin in China.” country, the requirement and scor- contribute something,” she recently quite unpredictable. I am not sure

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whether I was thinking thoroughly me her comments on the courses on sector officials and their visionary beheld, etched in pixels, was likely before going to China. I could have the walk back to Langrun Garden. thinking have made them excep- just one more example of Chinese studied in the EU or the US for my Unexpectedness, for her, is part of tional on the PKU campus. Learning internet lingo known colloquially as PhD. They are much easier since the beauty of life. about China’s story and students’ “wǎng luò cí yǔ” ( 网络词语 ). On I have been to those places many sharing their own stories at ISSCAD the Chinese internet, forums, and times. Studying at ISSCAD is some- Conclusion will continue to be both an enjoy- even WeChat, not every word or thing very unexpected. But exactly able, exciting, and fruitful adventure phrase is what it seems and whether because of the unexpectedness, I am After I finished my interviews for all involved. your foreign self is confounded by very grateful for this opportunity with Ibrokhim, the ostensibly “easy” to understand, and that I am able to pursue it. The Ousmane, and “I am also drunk,” or the bizarre experience that I am going through Elena, ISSCAD is no and more recently popular, “skinny, here is something that is both valu- longer an unfamil- blue shitake,” you might sometimes able for me and for my country.” iar name. Students be stuck wondering if your Chinese She hopes to bring back Chinese at ISSCAD come friends had a little too much baijiu, scholars and public officials and from twenty-seven a kind of Chinese liquor, to drink let them share their experiences in different countries, before they pressed “send” on that Ukraine including Sudan, last message. Don’t worry, though! “Politics of International Economic Ethiopia, Zimba- You’re not alone, and today you’re Relations, the elective, is my favor- bwe, Tajikistan, going to finish reading this article ite course. Professor Zha has given Nepal, and Austra- with a few more hip and funky form on various online and social drinking during the day, much less us an interesting perspective, less lia. Their previous words in that big, juicy word bank media platforms in 2015. Initially, when you are going to class. It was economic, but more about common working experience just above your eyes. “lǎo sījī” was used in reference through stern inquiry that I came studies. It is very unexpected and as highly-accom- As it turns out, my “tea friends” to those people in major online to find that I needn’t be so harsh, unconventional,” she shared with plished public ( 茶友 ; chá yǒu) going to Mǎ Lián communities who had mastered an but my student was translating Dào didn’t want an “old chauffeur” abundance of network resources, but directly into English yet another slice to drive them at all, but something its use has since spread throughout of internet vernacular: 我也是醉了 (wǒ altogether different. In situations other subcultures and even become yě shì zuì le). This phrase can be such as the one described, “lǎo popularized in the mainstream. “l ǎ o utilized in a variety of circumstances sījī” doesn’t refer to a chauffeur, sījī” is a quintessential example and as such has a variety of differ- The (Not So) Confusing World of Chinese but rather a veteran: well-versed of Chinese internet jargon currently ent meanings. Most commonly, Internet Lingo and experienced in the techniques, in use, but it’s absolutely not the however, it’s used when one cannot methodologies, and regulations of a only one; it’s possible you’ve been possibly understand another’s way > Carson Ramsdell particular field, industry, or area; or stumped by some even stranger of thinking and they will not listen to put it another way, someone with phrases in the past. to reason, but you don’t necessarily *dzzzzzz, dzzzzzz* I cracked WeChat group that I forgot to turn do? I was stumped. plenty of experience and knowl- Have you ever been talking to a know how or don’t want to take the open my eyes, slid my finger across off the notifications for…great. A Fortunately for me, this wasn’t edge in a certain area—in the case Chinese friend, only to suddenly time to argue with them. At its most the bottom of the screen (this was group of students in the Peking the first time I ran into an issue like mentioned above: tea. It is used as discover that they were “also basic level, it also indicates a dissat- way back when you still had to do University Tea Studies Club wanted this, and soon enough I even had a noun to denote someone meeting drunk”? You probably didn’t even isfaction with another person, their that to open your iPhone) and heard to go to Mǎ Lián Dào and, for some an idea of what was going on. In these criteria and often indicates a know you were drunk too at the way of thinking, or something they the little “click” of the virtual lock. reason, they wanted a “lǎo sījī” the past, I had run into people who sense of reverence or esteem. “Lǎo time. That’s the situation I found said or did. In hindsight, I probably A blinding light was sent forth from ( 老司机 ) to take them there. Why had “holes in their brains”, students sījī”, in its earliest incarnation, myself in the Fall of 2014. We were should have been more upset with the little box in my hand, slowly my on earth did these college students who flat out told me they were comes from a Yunanese mountain talking about taboos in the United my student than I was at the time. eyes adjusted and I was able to see want an “old chauffeur” to bring “drunk” in class, and even people song ( 老 司 机 带 带 我；lǎo sījī States, when a student of mine Anyway, next time trying to reason what was so important that it had to them to go buy tea when surely any being referred to as “exotic flowers”. dài dài wǒ), but gradually began declared in front of the whole class, with someone who just won’t listen wake me from my slumber. Another method of transportation would What the screen in front of my face being popularized into its current “I’m drunk, too!” It’s not good to be to you, you can tell them you’re

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“drunk too”. ing through my WeChat friend ible disappointment and heartache. No list of new internet vernacular circle one day when all of a sudden, In the video he was mourning his A Historian’s History would be complete without a very from the bottom of my screen, unrequited love, and, at one point, new usage of a not-so-new word emerged a bizarre and potentially in a heavy Guangxi accent said, “… Interview with Hendrikus Van Wijlick in the Mandarin lexicon: 奇葩 (qí nightmare-inducing image, accom- 难受，想哭…”. However, because > Lee Jae Young pā). You may have heard this word panied by a four character caption: his accent changes some tones being tossed around on campus— “Lánshòu xiānggū” ( 蓝瘦香菇). around and makes ’n’ sound like ‘l’ probably because of its sheer utility. “Lán shòu xiānggū” is probably the and ‘g’ sound like ‘k’, it came out t is autumn here in Beijing, and That said, the first time I ran across most recent incarnation of inter- as “lánshòu xiānggū”. Well, some the foggy, dry, and desolate it was when I was back in Philadel- net jargon in this very short list, loving “netizens” took it upon atmosphere covers the whole phia talking to a Chinese friend. She first appearing in October of 2016. themselves to do a great and noble Icampus. Yet, the old Yenching told me her ex-roommate was really On its surface, “lánshòu xiānggū” service and type out what Wei Yong University campus site, situated “qí pā”. I hastily grabbed my phone simply means “nánshòu xiǎng kū” said phonetically, forever meme- beside the renowned central library and opened up my dictionary and ( 难受想哭 ), or in English (more or ifying him for the enjoyment of this and the Weiming Lake, stands more typed “q-i-p-a”, and the result was less) that somebody is upset, feels and future generations. antique and elegant than ever. When “exotic flowers”. Well that didn’t bad, and wants to cry. So why not Like many people around the I stepped into the Old Chemistry help me too much. Fortunately, my just write that? Well, to understand world, Chinese people derive great Building, I could feel the calm scent friend’s English was there to save that, you have to trace the origins pleasure from playing around with of tradition, and among the offices the day. Qípā means really, really of this internet jargon back to its their language and finding new of prominent professors, was the weird. It’s an adjective that describes debut online in the form of a poorly and novel ways to use old words, office of a passionate Dutch histo- something or someone that is shot cell phone video, and you phrases, and characters. As such, rian, Dr. Hendrikus Van Wijlick. weird to the utmost extent. Save it also have to understand a little bit the Chinese corner of the internet is for those special times and people about local dialects in China and fruitful ground for the fostering and A Lifelong Journey who are truly deserving of it. In fact, the way they affect pronunciation. creation of new jargon. There isn’t country, he transferred to Durham exposed to Chinese culture through qípā may just be the perfect word to Let’s take a trip over to Nanning enough space in this article to talk Dr. Van Wijlick currently works University, where he got his second his family, so it was relatively describe this next little phrase, espe- city in Guangxi, where after a failed about all of the various and nuanced as an Assistant Professor in the master’s degree in Classical Studies. easy for him to blend into China. cially if you don’t know the origins relationship, an e-bike salesman meanings of the words mentioned department of History in Peking His education finished in 2013, Despite his belief that it is import- of it. named Wei Yong uploaded a video in this article, much less to print a University. He specializes in ancient the year in which he received his ant to adjust to new environments, I was casually, impulsively scroll- to the internet espousing his incred- complete list of internet jargon, so I Western history, and has studied doctoral degree. In 2014, he came to he still thinks that it is especially hope you’ll forgive me for having to “History of Western Civilization” China. He mentioned during whilst difficult for European scholars to get leave some things out. Anyway, at and Latin for two years at PKU. As reminiscing, “basically I have been used to Chinese living conditions. least now you might be a little less a Dutch born, English educated in education for a very long time as “They like to come here briefly as a confused when you hear or see some scholar who teaches in the heart a student.” visiting scholar, but they find it very of these new phrases and words. of China, his experience was very It was the challenge that moti- difficult to adjust to the Chinese Next time you hear a Chinese friend intriguing and deserving of inter- vated him to come to China for way of life and the way things go declare, “wǒ yě shì zuì le!”, or view. research. He stated that life in here. For example, they are very request a “lǎo sījī”, or tell you “My education actually started in Durham had become suffocating: scared to do easy things like crossing they are “lánshòu xiānggū”, you the Netherlands,” said the professor. The city was very small in size, and roads in China despite the pres- might not think they’re so “qípā”, He finished his bachelor’s degree he felt it would be good for him to ence of traffic lights.” He stressed and remember that not all of these and master’s degree in the Nether- make a change. more straightforward opinions on phrases or words are exactly as they lands, there he decided to focus on academic facilities in China, and seem. In fact, many things aren’t as ancient Western, specifically ancient The Chinese Environment gave practical diagnosis. “At least they appear, especially on the inter- Roman history. After he graduated for the field of classics, China is still net. his five-year course in his home Professor Van Wijlick was in a developing stage. Some great

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progress has been made over the own view of history, and how he Europeans generally view antiquity ment in your original research. it is also fun, you should enjoy it,” you have left academia. Textbooks past thirty years or so – it has to be interprets it plays a critical role in in a positive light. “In modern West- Especially scholars in China could urges Dr. Van Wijlick. “There are a should only be used as an introduc- admitted – but there is still scope his life. Dr. Van Wijlick believes that ern Europe, a lot of people have no draw analogies between Rome and lot of different areas in history, and tion, and then the second step has for improvement, such as in ancient historians should not necessarily affinity with Christianity anymore, the Han dynasty.” Yet, Dr. Van I think that students should actually to be actual sources, monographs, language acquisition, research skills be ‘old-fashioned’ or ‘backwards’, they are done with it, churches are Wijlick is suspicious of the recent follow that by which they are very and articles. Then you can get into and academic facilities. Overall, at rather they should enjoy learning getting empty and closing down, trend of making such comparisons. motivated.” In addition, he empha- research that scholars conduct.” Peking University, the situation is about the past but live in the pres- and they sometimes see the ideas of “It seems to be a comparison for sizes the importance of referring Dr. Van Wijlick, already trained better than elsewhere in China, but ent. “If one historian likes Roman Greece and Rome superior to reli- the sake of comparison, and I am to sources once again. “Do not be in reading and making commen- the Department of History and the history and live like a Roman in gion. They like to mirror their own very hesitant to do this.” A recent hesitant. There has been a tendency taries to sources since his study in Center for Classical and Medieval the present time, we cannot call ideas to the ancient ones. Besides ‘movement’ in research begun by of students, which is normal, of England, believes that this process Studies are nevertheless working him a good historian.” In his mind, religion, some political ideas in Professor Walter Scheidel at Stan- depending heavily on textbooks. enables students to raise their crit- very hard to expand the facilities history is like a mirror, it is a good Europe were also first introduced in ford University, which focuses on Textbooks are very effective, and ical thinking ability. The professor and develop the undergraduate tool to look back, yet the content antiquity.” global history, specifically conduct- they are very good introductions. concluded by mentioning, “you program in order to improve both has to be actionable in the present. While the interview was going ing comparisons between empires, But that is what they are.” The have to think critically on how to the student experience and quality on, he asked an interesting question: is mentioned as an example of this Professor came up with an excellent assess the sources. And this is a skill of research.” Yet, he feels he is very Sights Towards Ancient “Why should classics be stud- trend. “A major problem is the lack analogy: “If you enter a building, that you eventually have to apply fortunate to work here at PKU. “I History ied in China? What do you want of a solid source-critical founda- then the entrance is the introduction when you become a scholar. I don’t have been very pleased to find the to achieve in China by studying tion. For example, Scheidel makes written in textbooks. But you only like to make it easy for the students students very motivated, and I gain Dr. Van Wijlick emphasizes that ancient history?” He mentioned that limited use of sources, and instead go in once. After that, you are in the by giving too many handbooks. We great pleasure from teaching them.” ancient history is an integral part of the antiquity of Chinese history can relies on the works of other scholars building. You do not go through should get into the real stuff, and In addition, he feels freedom in history to learn from, especially if provide some decent and appropri- to support his views. There is a kind the entrance again unless you have we should be familiar with what designing courses. “Speaking of one wishes to understand modern ate answers to questions in modern of rationality to his approach, but if gone out, in other words unless actually happened!” course content, I think it is good Europe. In his view, the incidents Chinese society. you want to become a good histo- that I have a lot of freedom, much which happened in the past still rian, the basis has to be focused on more than at some European influence the world we see today. Thoughts on Contempo- the sources.” He worries that this universities, where the program “It is very difficult to understand rary Research model is being directly adopted by is determined by a departmental Europe when you only look at the Chinese scholars. “If the basis is not committee, and it is more difficult modern society. A lot of current Dr. Van Wijlick then introduced done well, whatever reasoning that

a trend of the modern historical it built upon… the basis is going to

field. “In recent years, there has be very shaky.” Speaking of course content, I think it is good that I been a tendency to draw compari- Dr. Van Wijlick believes that have a lot of freedom, much more than at some Euro- “ sons and analogies between ancient the Chinese academic field in the “pean universities, where the program is determined Rome and the Han dynasty. If you current environment, has great by a departmental committee, and it is more difficult look at the publications regarding potential to do research in the Clas- to make adjustments.” this, mainly Western scholars are sics. That the Chinese current and working on this, and it seems that prospective scholars lack develop- these scholars are trying to export ment in their respective facilities to make adjustments.” In terms of traditions go back to antiquity. You this idea to China as well.” He is does not mean that they do not or teaching, Dr. Van Wijlick believes can think of Christianity for exam- not critical about comparison itself. cannot achieve more. “The ambition that PKU is a very excellent place. ple, which arose in ancient times, “I think they are a useful tool in has to be very high,” he says. and expanded rapidly throughout doing research. One of the argu- What History Means in his the Roman Empire, and played a ments that historians often use are For Future Historians Life significant role in the European analogies from evidence. A very society, but that is just one exam- similar instance can provide a very “Try to be passionate about Every historian has his or her ple.” He then mentions modern good evidence that you can imple- learning history, it is difficult but

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institutions gathered together for The Yenching Academy of Peking University this unprecedented event. In spite of the fact that the repre- Holds Business Seminar in Coordination with sentatives are very busy, and it was the Mexican Chamber of Commerce in China difficult to find appropriate time for the event, all of them reacted with Alena Potekhina > interest to the invitation and were excited by the possibility to give a talk at Peking University. Among the participants, there were represen- ow to start a business Commerce in China, supporting tatives from important institutions in a globalized world? the initiative of Yenching Scholar like Ivan Chiu, President of China What conditions should Hector Zavala, a graduate of the at Grupo Bimbo; Efren Calvo, Pres- be noted in order to National Autonomous University of H ident of the Mexican Chamber of make the international company as Mexico. Commerce in China (MexCham); successful as possible? What oppor- During the opening remarks, Victor Cadena, Vice-President at tunities are there for China-Mexico Hector Zavala mentioned that MexCham; Antonio Riva Palacio, joint businesses? Which Mexi- the Seminar was conceptualized delegate from the Beijing Repre- can companies have branches in five months before with the idea sentative Office of CURTIS; Iran China? These and lots of other to promote the image of Mexico Monroy, representative of HNA ent countries and provide successful nize a large-scale event involving questions were raised during the within the Yenching Academy and Group; and John Holden, Associate operation in general. John Holden, several institutions with teams from China- Mexico Business Seminar on Peking University. Organizers of the Dean of the Yenching Academy of Associate Dean of the Yenching different countries facing a multicul- October 25, 2016. event invited students from several Peking University. Academy of Peking University tural work team, and this will be a The “Seminar on Branding, Entre- prestigious Chinese universities, The Seminar was split into two emphasized that the Chinese market competitive advantage in the future preneurship and Start-ups” was diplomats, businessmen, media sessions, with a short coffee break in comparison with the world since he plans to be involved in organized by the Yenching Academy representatives, and academics from in the middle. The theme of the first market has its own peculiarities and diplomatic missions in relation with of Peking University in coopera- more than 20 countries. In total session was “Branding and Market- foreign companies should make China and Mexico. tion with the Mexican Chamber of about 150 people from different ing Strategy”. During this panel, fully understand Chinese consumer The China-Mexico Business representatives discussed what kind demands and rationally allocate Seminar can be considered a very of marketing strategy is best. It was investment. important step in the future busi- said that the company should rely Throughout the Seminar, the ness and academic collaboration on its founding ideas, understand audience was involved in the discus- between Mexico and China. Efren customers’ needs and try to make sions, and students asked a lot of Calvo, President of the Mexican its brand name a kind of a quality questions. All the students had the Chamber of Commerce in China, guarantee for the customer. opportunity to interact with Mexi- said Chinese and Latin American The second session, titled can companies in China, and some foreign investment should open the “Entrepreneurship and Start-ups in multinational organizations, as well potential of local businesses, and China”, had representatives of four as recently created startups. The these investments should encourage startup companies (Softtek, Hura- students also asked for some advice mutually beneficial outcomes with kan, Bi’An Project, Weiresearch) in how to start their professional local partners, and that these invest- talking about how to start an inter- careers. It was also a good oppor- ments should be in line with local national business in China. It is tunity to meet people in business, society and culture so to achieve important to comprehend the differ- academic, social, and diplomatic common and localized development, ence in cultures in order to adapt spheres. Hector Zavala said that which is indeed the China-Mexico products for customers from differ- he personally learnt how to orga- Business Seminar’s goal.

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the art history of both China and portraits are made of Peking University Scholars Survey the world, but it also corresponds to colorful glasses and some China’s policy of advocating cultural of them possess styles Dunhuang’s Mural Art preservation. of Sassanid (Persia) and > Sienna Luk The scholars observed from Rome, which is obviously historic, artistic, and ancient tech- evidence of trade with the nology perspectives to understand west. he Dunhuang Mural Art Sackler Museum of Art and Archae- ical heritage. The uniqueness of the significance of Dunhuang arts. One Saturday, my exhibition is organized ology. The modern high-fidelity each culture is demonstrated by The historic perspective develops curiosity on the mystic by China Dunhuang digital technology enables the their arts based on the Han and Jin thesis on the historical facts of influ- Dunhuang compelled me Grottoes Conservation selected copies to closely resemble dynasty art foundation, which later T ential clans and their role in the to explore the museum. Research Foundation; the Dunhuang the quality of the original relics. The absorbed and mixed with exotic art era. The portraits of wars and chaos As I entered the exhi- Academy; the PKU School of exhibition fascinated students and style. The integration of architec- reflect the bureaucracy and foreign bition, to my surprise, Humanities and Social Sciences; enlightened visitors to preserve the ture, color statues, and mural art policy of different governing foreign the museum was so and the Sackler Museum of Art and priceless cultural heritage. into its composition is an incredible regimes of that time. Besides the crowded that I could Archaeology from September 10 to Dunhuang—also known as the feature of Grottoes arts. The Mogao historical facts, several grottoes’ art hardly walk through. October 18. “The Public Exhibition Silk Road—was the main gateway Grottoes is the biggest, oldest, and paintings portray the details of the The museum is occupied of Dunhuang Mural Art Treasures from China to the West a thousand most well-preserved grottoes in ancient society’s customs, such as by the mural arts, and at Universities” project hosted the years ago. The convergence point of China, containing a rich ancient marriage, occupation, trade, sport some colorful statuses of exhibition to display more than Indian, Middle Eastern, and Central heritage and also exquisite Buddhist activities, and others. Bodhisattvas. A kinder- forty pieces of the Dunhuang art Asian civilization at Dunhuang arts. In all, the study of Dunhuang The artistic expression perspec- garten teacher leading pieces at the Peking University created a unique cultural and histor- Grottoes is not only significant to tive explains the Dunhuang Grottos’ a group of kids and construction is parallel with the parents and amusingly ancient China art foundation estab- acquainting the group with the sattva sculptures depict a serene, lishments and the Buddhism art details of every display. Her stories elegant, and relaxed temperament establishment in China. Buddhism attracted the group and the stories on their surface, as if the spirits of art and stories are shown in grotto fascinated the children. The chil- Buddhism can permeate through art; yet, its style has changed gradu- dren’s expression vividly indicates one’s soul. I personally opine “The ally as it absorbed various elements how well the religious fables behind Thousand-hand and Thousand-eye and transformed to a unique art the arts captivated them. Though Bodhisattva” as the most worth form. The paintings portray danc- the parents better understand the seeing illustration in the exhibition, ing and musical performances, profound meaning of each story, which originated in the third cave which is incredibly valuable as the they are equally amused as their of the Mogao Grottoes. Thousand two art forms are hard to preserve. children. I realized that the ultimate eyes enable Bodhisattva to see Furthermore, the architecture in the truth behind the portraits is immor- the people in need, and thousand portraits include temples, palaces, tality and they never lose their hands represent the Bodhisattva’s hotels, bridges, and furnished value. In other words, no matter it limitless power to save people accessories, and provides detailed is in the past, present, or the future, from suffering. The expression of information to fill the historical people can always receive porfound mural art is not three-dimensional, blanks of that time. The ancient messages from the ancients. but the silhouette of each figure is technology shown in the mural arts Dunhuang art is identifiable by its thus distinct from each other due reveals details of agriculture prac- prevalence of the colors red, bluish to various drawing techniques. For tice, transportation structure, and green, brown, and white, which instance, the contour of a face and weapon engineering. Frequently delivers a healing and soothing the clothes are expressed differently; appeared delicate handcrafts in the atmosphere. And most Bodhi- the previous would be much lighter

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in order to show the kindness of impressed me the most is the Jataka the scene in Dunhuang. By stepping goddess, as the later would be more of Prince Mahasattva. The painting, inside, people can almost feel the thick and complicated. In addi- which displayed on a huge rect- coolness in the air from the stone tion, during the art tour, the guide angular wall, is divided into three cave. The delicate portraits cover the brought up an interesting question portions, and should be read in the cave’s walls and ceiling. The place is regarding the gender of Bodhisattva. sequence of S-shape. The story is as quiet, unusual, sacred, and very suit- The volunteer explained that the follows: In ancient India, a prince able for meditation and avoiding earlier depiction of Bodhisattva as encountered a hungry lioness with the hustle and bustle of our every- a male form, and also specified the her seven cubs, and the lioness day lives. mustache in the figure. However, decides to feed herself to her cubs. Although the exhibition didn’t later on, the figure transformed To save the cubs, the prince decides display the original relics, it is as the female figure looks more to sacrifice himself to the lioness. amazing that the replicas are so benevolent. Nevertheless, the ques- Since the lioness is too weak to prey, true to life. The relics demonstrate tion doesn’t really matter, because the prince cuts himself and jumps great values not only of history, but Bodhisattva can change into differ- off the cliff to feed the hungry lion- also a spiritual and religious impor- ent identities when helping people ess. By knowing the story, the family tance to the modern world. As we in need. One display in the exhi- built a memorial for him. It doesn’t don’t want to lose the message bition shows Bodhisattva helping make sense to me hearing this story preserved for a thousand years, we people. That is to say, Bodhisattva is for the first time, but the moral should continue to preserve the definitely benevolent almighty. is that Buddhism emphasizes to relics in their entirety. It is also my Buddhism is the main element of perform best and don’t limit oneself hope that we can unveil even more attractions were student run country nesian pavilion introduced their ish students also offered wine, and mural arts and usually the paintings in present life but the next life. mysteries of Dunhuang, and share pavilions, center stage performances, national heroes using large replicas Turkish students offered a national use fables to convey religious philos- The museum has also set a small its beauty and significance to the and the ‘Food Fiesta’. of Indonesian currency. Many other alcoholic beverage made from ophy. Among all the stories, what model cave for people to experience world. Most pavilions featured numer- pavilions offered gifts to visitors grapes called ‘raki’, and black tea. ous interactive activities with unique who participated in the games. The Korean pavilion in partnership gifts as incentives. The Canadians Some pavilions, like Egypt, Mongo- with the Korean Agro-Fisheries & th sketched temporary tattoos to visi- lia, Japan, Russia, Kazakhstan, Food Trade Corporation looked like The 13 Annual International Culture Festival tors who found the hidden Drake Indonesia, and Canada introduced a supermarket that featured every- PKU Celebrates Diversity pictures. The Nepalese and Kazakhs iconic and traditional clothing of thing truly magnificent from Korean photographed visitors in giant twit- their countries and cultures. tea to kimchi, instant noodles, and Deniz Cem Ozensoy > ter frames. The Mexicans too offered Food played a central role in the lunch boxes. a number of photographing oppor- cultural festival and proved food One of the most popular prizes tunities. The Mongolians established unites different cultures together. of the 13th Annual International n October 23, 2016, fully furnished nomadic tent for Many people waited in very long Culture Festival was an offer at the Peking University (PKU) visitors to visit. The South Koreans queues to taste the food of different Turkish pavilion of a free two-day hosted the 13th annual and Singaporeans both offered face cultures. Argentinian, Korean, and vacation to Cappadocia of Turkey. OInternational Culture painting. American dishes were offered in Zhen Qian, a Peking University Festival with the theme of “Vision: Few pavilions were fashioned the Food Fiesta court. In addition Turkish studies student was the first Voice & Action”. The festival offered like interactive museums. The to food, the pavilions also offered to answer four questions on Turkish an opportunity for the diverse Indonesian pavilion had brought a drinks. The food and drinks offered history and claimed the prize. The multicultural student community of traditional wood instrument called in the pavilions are diverse, resem- trip sponsored by Turkish Airlines PKU to share unique aspects of their the angleklung. An angleklung is bling the diversity of student’s offers a round trip ticket to Turkey countries and culture. The event was a hand held instrument that accu- community of PKU. Mongolian with flexible dates, and covers widely attended by people in and rately produces a musical tone at students offered cheese, Argentinian accommodation expenditures, and a outside of the campus. The main each shake. Furthermore, the Indo- students offered wine and tea, Span- hot air balloon excursion.

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th the History of Art, said, “Art and art history. different definitions that underline The 34 World Congress of Art History history have a significant influence The 2016 CIHA Congress its relationship to respective cultural on the advancement of society, the analyzed different concepts of art frameworks, and the disparities Convenes in Beijing development of young students, in diverse cultures, and aimed to between different cultures in vari- > Liu Xiaoqing and the improvement of our living achieve three goals: the first is to ous periods throughout history; conditions.” He was optimistic that respond to the latest development the third is to gain a more compre- the congress would build a bridge of art history as a global discipline; hensive understanding of art as an he 34th World Congress 2016 CIHA Congress will witness between Eastern and Western art the second is to explore art through essential part of human culture. of Art History opened the gathering of over 300 experts in Beijing on September from 43 countries and regions, and T16. The five-day event is moreover, 1000 foreign experts will jointly sponsored by the Congress of come all the way to China to attend the International Committee of the the congress.” The congress has been History of Art (CIHA), the Chinese organized every four years since Central Academy of Fine Arts, and 1873, and this year is the first time a PKU President Lin Jianhua and Delegation Peking University. A total of 21 semi- non-Western country has hosted the nars were organized to showcase the congress. Visit the United States latest achievements of China and the Shao Dazhen, director of the only strengthen friendship between > Zhou Manli world’s study of art history. Chinese organizing committee of Chinese and foreign scholars, but Zhu Qingsheng, Professor in the the congress, said, “Universality also contribute to the diversity of From September 22 to 27, 2016, the President Academic Summit, as well as the Florence Fang Department of History of Peking and diversity are always the most world art and deepen understanding of Peking University (PKU), Lin Jianhua, and other Peking University Humanities Library Fund Donation University and secretary-general of interesting and intriguing topics in of Chinese art history.” delegates visited Chicago and San Francisco in signing ceremony. President Lin Jianhua and the the Chinese CIHA Committee said, art history studies.” He hoped that Ulrich Grossmann, chairman the United States, attending the Seventh North delegation also visited some partner institutions, “After eight years of efforts, the the academic discussion would not of the International Committee of American Congress of Peking University Alumni including the University of Chicago, the University of Associations, the Times Higher Education World California, Berkeley, and Stanford University.

September 23, 2016 in Chicago and received a warm well features of the development of welcome from the Consul General, China’s students studying in Amer- resident Lin and delega- Hong Lei. Mr. Hong briefly intro- ica. President Lin Jianhua gave an tion visited the University duced Chicago society, education, as introduction of PKU’s reforms in of Chicago. The delegation Preceived a warm welcome from Provost Daniel Diermeier. Both sides expressed sincere appreciation towards the other’s progress. Further- more, those achievements were regarded as the basis of deepening and expanding cooperation between two universities in future. During the trip, the PKU delega- tion visited the Consulate General of the People’s Republic of China

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recent years and cooperative develop- postgraduate education reforms, in March 2017. Expectations about ments with educational institutions and academic system reforms. He the cooperation in medicine between within the Chicago consular district. also encouraged alumni to get more two institutions were also well invested in PKU’s development and conveyed. September 24, 2016 to contribute valuable suggestions for Finally, Mrs. Florence Fang, the PKU’s transformation into a greater chairwoman of Pan Asian Company The Seventh North American university. of the U.S. and Florence Fang Family Congress of Peking University Foundation as well as an honorable Alumni Associations was held in September 26, 2016 trustee attended the PKU donation the Evanston campus of Northwest- ceremony held in Stanford Univer- ern University. Aiming to reinforce The delegation visited University sity. With the generous support from connections among alumni in North of California, Berkeley. After Pres- Florence Fang, the Publication Fund America and improve PKU’s inter- ident Lin Jianhua and Chancellor for Peking University Humanities & national influence, the Congress Dirks had candid talks, they together Social Science Works was successfully welcomed more than 200 alumni witnessed the signing of a series of established. from nearly 20 PKU alumni associa- memorandums that had important International Symposium on “Cross-cultural tions in North America. implications in two universities’ September 27, 2016 Exchanges and Dialogue between Civilizations” Keynote speeches were delivered cooperation in fields of environment, > Wang Xi by President Lin Jianhua as well as public health, new materials, etc. President Lin Jianhua attended several PKU distinguished alumni, Next, the delegation visited Stan- the Times Higher Education World including Xia Tingkang, Senior Part- ford University. Two universities’ Academic Summit at the University ner of Locke Lord Bissell & Liddell presidents talked about their long- of California, Berkeley with a theme LLP, Jin Zhongxia, Executive Director term cooperation in multiple fields of ‘world-class universities and the n September 25-26, 2016, bilateral exchange programs. They Islamic Culture and Contempo- of IMF, Liu Qing, Executive President in retrospect. President Lin Jianhua public good’. He participated in the the International Sympo- also expressed sincere wishes for rary China, Cultural Discourse in of Jiangsu Industrial Technology extended his sincere congratulation discussion of public goods, in which sium on “Cross-cultural strengthening cultural understand- Eastern and Western Literature, Research Institute. With a theme of to Professor Tessier-Lavigne, the new he introduced China’s achievements OExchanges and Dialogue ing between Islam and other parts Globalization and Identity, and ‘Share Our Future’, President Lin president of Stanford University. in higher education. He also pointed between Civilizations” was held at of the world. Afterwards, Yang others. Besides, participants of the Jianhua introduced the progress Furthermore, he also invited Profes- out the different challenges faced by Yingjie Overseas Exchange Center of Fuchang, former foreign minister of symposium led a spirited discussion made by China and PKU in recent sor Tessier-Lavigne to attend the fifth colleges and universities in China, Peking University (PKU). Politicians, China, declared his agreement with on several issues mentioned in the years, especially in regards to on-go- anniversary celebration activity of Europe, and America could only be business people, and academics the Arabian sides on the attitudes reports, hoping the future could ing PKU’s comprehensive reforms, Stanford Center at Peking University overcome by openness and cooperation. from various institutes gathered to China held towards the topic. witness more chances like this for explore the topics. Assorted media The sponsors, Peking University them to exchange ideas and develop such as the CCTV Arabic Channel, and Saudi Arabian Islamic Affairs, academics. Xinhua News Agency, People’s Daily reached an agreement on the goal During the closing ceremony, Online presented reports on the of the symposium: “To clear up both the Arabian and Chinese delegates event. misunderstandings between differ- articulated their acknowledgement During the opening ceremony ent civilizations and religions and of the achievement made in the hosted by Lin Fengmin, associate to help build a more harmonious symposium, and expressed their professor in the Arabic department world through such communica- heartfelt gratitude to the participants of PKU, as well as the Arabian tion”. Based on the goal, several from all over the world. representatives stressed the impor- keynote speeches were given. The symposium is also a branch tance of cross-cultural exchanges Apart from the keynote speeches, of the Saudi Arabian Cultural Commu- and dialogue between civiliza- the symposium also established nication Program, which has been tions, and introduced the main eight sub-forums, including Islamic held in many places across the contents and principles of related Culture and Confucian Culture, globe.

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Svetlána Alexiévich Shares Her UN 2030 Literary Experience Rebuilding Order in a Fragmenting World Order > Ou Kun > Harriet Kariuki

n August 26, 2016, the former acquaintances, and nurses who ted materials, but a demonstration of 2015 Nobel Laureate in lost their femininity in the frontline. All Solzhenitsyn’s thoughts and world view. literature Svetlána Alex- these efforts are made to give a full pict Similarly, my works are not merely n Friday, October 21, save us from hell.” He further added “walking around” the UN, seeking ándrovna Alexiévich atten ure of the topics in my books. In arrang- a collection of human plights. Actu- O the 26th Australian Prime that the UN still matters because it solutions to major global problems ded a roundtable discussion entitled ing interviews, I paid attention to every ally, what I try to collect is something Minister, Hon. Kevin is still a cornerstone of the postwar elsewhere. Mr. Rudd fears that this

“To Record an Era with the Sound detail, like whether the appointment spiritual. I want to show their under- Rudd, made a speech to will cause the UN of Words” as the keynote speaker at should be made in the morning, in the standing of life. O the School of Humanities, Peking evening, or some other time, or whet When asked what the distinction is an audience at Peking University on to end up “like University (PKU). She was accom- her or not to allow the presence of other between good and bad literary works, “The Future of the United Nations The United Nations was not “ the Holy Roman panied by Li Jingze, Vice Chairman people during the talk, and so on. For poet Joseph Brodsky once said, “The and Global Order”. created to bring us to heaven, but in Empire, a simple of the Chinese Writers’ Association, every interviewee whose speech was incl fundamental difference between them Mr. Rudd chaired the Indepen- “order to save us from hell. institutional shell to and Wu Zhipan, Executive Vice uded in my books, I conducted inter- is whether the work possesses meta- dent Commission on Multilateralism which we pay tribute President of PKU. The event was views with them at least three to four phors.” In my literary creation, I try to (ICM), a two-year independent not remembering co-organized by the PKU Chinese times. This is why it always took me search for the relationship between the review of the United Nations’ multi- precisely why.” Department, PKU Office of Inter- so long to finish a book. I have always universe and our reality. In my books, I lateral system, which was launched order. The United Nations, which Despite this, Mr. Rudd believes that national Relations, Zhongxin Press, enjoyed talking to people, and when I try to show the immortality in my inter- in September 2014 by Terje is now 70 years old, was created in the UN is capable of re-inventing and Tencent, Inc., with Professor talk to my interviewees, I totally forget viewees, who have experienced wars Rod-Larsen, President of the Inter- a world vastly different from the itself, which is no longer optional Chen Xiaoming from the PKU Chin that I am doing an interview. Instead, I and crisis, personal and national plig national Peace Institute. The ICM’s world today. The main question but now a matter of urgency. ese Department as the host. simply feel I am chatting with a friend. hts. They have passed bitterness, wars. purpose was to make recommenda- that Mr. Rudd poses is whether this The discussion commenced with They have transcended time. tions on how to make the UN more postwar institution remains “fit for a short opening speech by Execu- “My works are not a collec- In the end of the discussion, Wu The United Nation’s Record “fit for purpose” for the demands of purpose” to meet the needs of the tive Vice President Wu. The event Zhipan, as the representative of of Achievement and Fail- tion of human plights” st became increasingly insightful as PKU, gave Alexiévich a clay plate global governance in the 21 century international community and if not, ures Alexiévich and the other guests enga In addressing the question of engraved with the image of the PKU and for the next secretary general to Mr. Rudd researched what could be ged in discussions. how documentary writings show west gate as a gift. The audience consider at the beginning of her or done in practical terms to bring its Mr. Rudd pointed out a number their literariness, Alexiévich said: applauded continuously to show his new term in January 2017. The mission, structure, and resources up of UN achievements from its role in “Why it always took me so As is known by us all, Solzhenitsyn’s their gratefulness for this inspiring ICM looks into the major challenges to date to meet the formidable chal- helping avoid another global war, long to finish a book” The Gulag Archipelago is regarded as intellectual exchange event and their facing the 21st century global order; lenges ahead. imposing sanctions, promoting documentary writing. It is not just a reverence for the admirable time whether the UN multilateral system human rights, providing humanitar- In answering the question of literary work based on a set of collec recorder. is fit to meet these challenges and if The United Nations Ending ian support among other successes. what special interviewing techniques not, what changes need to be made Up Like the Holy Roman He, however, drew more emphasis enabled her to guide her interview- to the UN’s function, structure and Empire on China’s contribution to UN’s ees to reveal their sufferings and resources to fill the emerging deficit peacekeeping operations and polit- speak out their true feelings, Alex- in effective global governance. Mr. Rudd noted that the interna- ical missions, where Beijing’s new iévich talked about the effort she tional community increasingly takes contributions can be seen in issues made in arranging each interview: the United Nations for granted, ranging from controlling nuclear I tried to include people of all walks The United Nations Still in my books. For instance, for the topic Matters causing the institution to slowly proliferation in the Korean penin- of wars, I talked with pilots and mach drift into irrelevance. He further sula via the UN Security Council ine gunners fighting day and night in Mr. Rudd acknowledged that “the acknowledged that the UN is not and the Six Party Talks, and peace fierce combat, guerrillas who had to kill United Nations was not created to broken but instead, is in trouble keeping operations in Haiti. The the German soldiers, who were their bring us to heaven, but in order to because many states are increasingly Chinese military has additionally

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played important roles in antip- the impact these have had on the the UN and the global order and Russia. Mr. Rudd added that the between the great powers them- a new approach to global youth; iracy escort operations in the Gulf institution’s international standing. will only become more central in ICM report would act as a “menu of selves; reaffirm the role of a UN development of a UN whose culture of Aden and in the shipping of He further argued that the UN’s the coming years. China’s change options to reform and revitalize the secretary-general to take initiatives is driven by the prioritization of chemical weapons out of Syria for cumulative failures threaten the of its diplomatic style from a United Nations which, I hope, may under Article 99; adoption, incul- operations; structural integration destruction. “Most operations of system’s credibility to the point passive observer to what Mr. Rudd be of some use to member-states.” cation, and implementation of a of the UN’s peace and security, China’s military in our neighbor- where the UN might lose its unique describes as “new multilateralism”, comprehensive doctrine of preven- sustainable development, human hood are helping some countries status and be seen as “just another has clear implications for the future Organizing Principles for a tion across the UN; establish an rights and humanitarian agendas; to deal with natural disasters,” he NGO”. Some of the failures that of the UN. Mr. Rudd further argued More Effective UN effective implementation machinery development of a “Team UN” in the further added. Mr. Rudd also lauded Mr. Rudd pointed include its failure that “China will contribute, with field and the capacity of the UN to UN’s significant contribution to to prevent mass atrocities, limited other great powers, to actively shape Mr. Rudd reported that the efficiently, effectively, and flexibly poverty elimination, economic response to global terrorism, reper- the order, including the rules and ICM report details more than 50 Mr. Rudd concluded act within the reality imposed by development, and environmental cussions from the invasion of Iraq, mechanisms which govern it.” He specific recommendations in the that the way we learn from ongoing budgetary constraints. sustainability. Global poverty has lack of involvement in countering further explained that China’s grow- domains of peace and security, “the system’s failures and been reduced by 50% since 1990, the North Korean nuclear threat, ing role and importance in world sustainable development, human successes is the key to Concluding Remarks where China played a significant and many more cases. affairs is crucial in deciding which rights, humanitarian engagement, building a more effective “ role when its government policies direction the world will head. as well as budget and resources UN, fit for purpose and Mr. Rudd concluded that the lifted 600 million people from China’s Role in Deciding However, Mr. Rudd addressed that management. He presented the the challenges of the 21st way we learn from the system’s extreme poverty. Which Direction the World whatever China wishes to see in a following basic principles for UN century. failures and successes is the key to Mr. Rudd acknowledged the Will Head reformed global order remains to reform: political reaffirmation to building a more effective UN, fit for need to recognize with equal be seen, since this order will result the fundamental principles of multi- purpose and the challenges of the 21st candor the challenges, problems, Mr. Rudd reinforced the idea from its interactions with other lateralism by member states at the century. He expressed his hope that and failures of the UN system and that China has long been central to great powers, such as the U.S. and summit level through a second San for agenda 2030; full integration “this report can make a modest contri- Francisco Conference; reaffirm the and employment of women at bution to global policy deliberations role of the UN in building bridges the core and across the entire UN; on this great question of our time.”

Andrew Abbot on Processual Sociology A Theory of ‘On-the-Way’ > Huang Fangyuan

rofessor Andrew Abbot Lou Meng). The Daoist replies to Liu on elsewhere.” This extraordinary started with a passage that Xiang-lian, “I don’t know where this remark is the central statement of captures the essence of place is any more than you do. Nor the entire Dream of the Red Chamber. Pthe processual position do I know who I am. It is a place for Abbot compared processual sociol- in Dream of the Red Chamber (Hong resting a little while before going ogy to the island of illusion and the

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paradise of truth in the classics–– The world is composed of nothing and constituents of the social world boundary between every two watch what we study, who support there is nothing constant. Quite the more than a string of events, and and the way they relate to each groups. Therefore, it is possible for it, who occasionally challenge it, contrary, there is only here (what- the realty is like that of a waterfall, other. Moreover, change cannot be Madridstas and Athenians to under- but who, in the end, live it. To be ever that is) and now (whenever wherein stability is nothing more an occasional explainable outcome stand each other and follow the human is precisely to deepen, to that is) and the momentary versions than an accidental outcome of of a fixed, stable system. flowing chains of understandability. further, and perhaps to improve Given this, there are three puzzles Most social relations are formed this our illusions. Perhaps that is the “ to be handled to get to processual way. ultimate implication of processual To be human is precisely to deepen, to fur- sociology, namely horizons, duality, Abbot next got down to the theory, with its restless search for and overlap. The puzzle of hori- problem of locality and lineage. the next good illusion. Each of us ther, and perhaps to improve our illusions. “ zons which consists of a number of The meanings of what happens in here this afternoon is indeed only different concentric variables. Dual- particular in social space is largely a series of events on the way to ity means continual changes are relative to what is happening in its somewhere else. of ourselves that are passing through changes. It is fair to assume that all made up of occupational changes neighborhood, and the meaning of this here and now. that exist is the present, there is no and individual changes where what happens to us today is a func- Notes: The point Abbott wanted to draw past, no karma, only the sequence one can’t fix either one of the two the intersection of the two systems. tion, in large part, of its relation to Reflective: A equals A from Dream of the Red Chamber is of the present form, the past to the changes. The only way forward is Individuals and social structures what happened to us today. All of Transitive: A equals B, B equals C, the momentary version of ourselves. present when exploring the units thus to take as one’s unit of analysis (occupations) are not hierarchically this is necessary to undertake the thus A equals C. related––they are coplanar. Further- main task of “processualism”, which more, the social process is viewed is to explain why so much of the as orders (social structure, individ- social process appears to be stable. ual, body, structure). What matters Abbot explains a whole new about orders is that they are loosely approach to social sciences: As separable, non-hierarchical (that is, scientists, understanding is our coplanar), and independent (that is, goal, and in order irreducible one to another). When to under- it comes to the social structure, the stand social individual, the body and the struc- processes, ture, they constrict or facilitate one we must another rather than dispose them- remain a part selves onto different levels. of it. Social A different concept is useful in scientists are addressing the problem of overlap. those who That is the concept of tolerances, because most of social life does not have sharp boundaries but grad- ual changes without a sharp mark. Specifically speaking, tolerance is reflective but not transitive. For example, in Europe, people speaking one language can understand people speaking another language as long as they live within the span of fifteen miles. So there is no such tightly-defined

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Australia-China partnership is PKU, and a couple of which Profes- the “need for bi-national investment economically the biggest partner- sor Schmidt is party to. ANU also in human capital and institutional ship Australia has and education has a joint doctoral degree program mechanisms necessary to deepen plays a vital role with PKU, high level cooperation between

within this rela- which offers Australia and China”. He further

tionship.” He an opportunity compared this cooperation with the ANU has been with further pointed to increase 1949 Australian-American Fulbright PKU from the very “ out that China “ collaborative Commission, a bilateral indepen- beginning and will be and Australia are research in dent institution that promotes with you to the very end. mutual economic earth sciences, bilateral academic and cultural benefactors and as astronomy, and exchange between Australia and China transitions further plans to United States and manages bilateral from an export-driven economy to a expand into the social sciences and exchange programs for postgrad- consumer-based economy, changes humanities. uates, senior scholars, researchers, in the bilateral relationship are The China Center for Economic and professors. “I met my wife required to keep up with the transi- Research (CCER), presently known at Harvard University because of tion. “This creates opportunities for as the National School of Develop- this program,” Professor Schmidt China and Australian services and ment (NSD), is as Professor Schmidt emphasized of the need for such research centers to collaborate and put it,“the only active and successful bilateral engagements to build improve prosperity of our people”, partnership between two foreign important networks and do great he further added. universities in the world”. NSD and unpredictable things like “a Australian National University Vice- was established in 1994 by return- Nobel Prize in astrophysics 20 years History of Strong and ing PKU professors and has made later”. He argued that unlike this Chancellor Speaks About Sino-Australian Fruitful ANU-PKU Collabo- innovative contribution to China’s commission, the Australia-China Education Relations rations scientific research and economic Joint Economic Report is “broader education. Modeled after the ANU’s in scope and supports other things Harriet Kariuki > ANU and PKU collaboration Japan-Australian Research Center, like academics, policy, government, in 1980 was the first agreement the NSD involved a lot of China-Aus- community, political, business, or between PKU and any major West- tralian collaboration through regular cultural exchanges”. It will further n October 12, 2016, speech on Australia’s education and the Western world and China. ern university. Long-term bilateral visits of young Chinese academics create a foundation to consolidate Nobel Prize-winning research partnership with China. Today, Australia has been involved programs and continued collabora- like Professor Justin Yifu Lin to ANU. deeper bilateral activities and will astrophysicist and Austra- in several partnerships with China tions between the two institutions This led to the deepening of trust be “the key strategy to growing Olian National University’s Sino-Australian Relations from the Australia-China Council have led to stronger ties, evident with between the two institutions creating the 200-billion-dollar relationship (ANU) 12th Vice-Chancellor, that works to provide policy advice the increasing number of Chinese networks that were crucial for the with China to something far more Professor Brian Schmidt, paid his Professor Schmidt reiterated the to governments and deliver projects students from none back in 1994 to development of the role and reputa- sophisticated, bigger, better, and second visit to Peking University importance of ANU-PKU collab- that work towards foreign and trade 3474 students who compose 50% tion of NSD. more stable for mutual benefit in (PKU) over the past year. Professor orations to strengthen the already policy objectives of both coun- of the international student body Other ANU engagements include the future”. He further explained Schmidt first visited PKU in Septem- deep Sino-Australian relations. He tries to the China-Australia Free in ANU. To add to this data, ANU the Australia-China Joint Economic that this commission will involve ber 2015 when he gave his first talk further mentioned that in 1963 an Trade Agreement (ChAFTA) signed currently has 50 scholars working on Report, a comprehensive collabo- other institutions, such as the on astronomy and astrophysics. Australian radio astronomer, Wilbur in Nov 2014, which has created China and more than 100 Chinese ration between the ANU East Asian Chinese Scholarship Council, the “Today I will reflect on the deep- Norman (Chris) Christiansen, single significant benefits to businesses scholars working in different ANU Bureau of Economic Research and Central Party School, Renmin seated relationship on education handedly laid a foundation not in different sectors of econo- departments. In 2015, ANU had the China Center for International University of China, Fudan Univer- that Australia has with China”, only for Australia and China diplo- mies in both countries. Professor over 200 publications with Chinese Economic Exchanges (CCIEE). sity, Tsinghua University, and the Professor Schmidt begun his matic relations but also between Schmidt acknowledged that “the universities, 20 of which were with Professor Schmidt acknowledged National School of Development

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together with other Australian insti- of its growing role in Australia’s upcoming generation of Chinese tutes and universities. future. Professor Schmidt reminded scholars. the audience that ANU is home to ANU Commitments to former Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, Our Partnership is Here to Understanding China the leading China specialist outside Stay of China in the world, and the Professor Schmidt emphasized Australian Center on China in the Professor Schmidt concluded that “at ANU, we teach Mandarin World (CIW), which is also former that PKU and ANU should “use and also teach Classical Chinese Prime Minister Kevin Rudd’s brain this opportunity to step up and use because it has been emphasized child. CIW offers a broad, holistic academic relationships to create to me that you cannot understand view, and engages multidisciplinary a much deeper relationship and China without understanding the expertise in areas including Chinese help solve great problems that whole Chinese culture tracing back history, thought, culture, media, the world faces, such as climate a thousand years”. He indicated his politics, gender, environment, and change, by working together using commitment to build unique world foreign policies to better under- all aspects of knowledge to create leading university courses that focus stand the role of China in the world humanitarian, political, social, and on cutting edge research as well as across academic, policy-making, and technological solutions that allow offering students work opportuni- community audiences both nation- us to live on Earth successful”. ties within government councils, ally and internationally. The Center He also assured the audience that businesses, and research institutes. is a research body led by human- “ANU has been with PKU from the He further argued that there is need ities working in collaboration with very beginning and will be with to better understand China because social sciences and also connects the you to the very end”. Mao Wenchao Dare to Think Differently and Try as Fast as You Can > Kuang Huolingxiao

nnovation is the only reason stories in the “No Pain, No Gain: Mendelson of the Stanford Grad- that this world still needs The Stanford Entrepreneurs and uate School of Business had an start-ups. Otherwise, no one their Stories Forum held by Stanford in-depth discussion with Mao about Ican compete with those large the Graduate School of Business the lessons he had learned from his corporations said the founder and at the Stanford Center at Peking own story and his advice to young CEO of “The Red Book (RED)”, University on the 20th of October, talents who share the same dreams one of the most popular overseas 2016. Frank Hawke, the China as he does. shopping applications in China. director of the Stanford University Mao Wenchao, an entrepreneur Graduate School of Business, and Partners, Direction, and in his early thirties who graduated Richard Lim, the managing direc- Sponsors from Shanghai Jiaotong University tor of GSR Ventures, attended the in 2007 and Stanford University in event as the forum’s opening guests. Partners, direction, and sponsors 2011, shared his entrepreneurial After Mao’s speech, Professor Haim are the three factors that can exert

40 NEWSLETTER｜ PEKING UNIVERSITY AUTUMN 2016 / ISSUE 36 41 decisive influence on one’s journey Try as Fast as You Can their feedback, he immediately flew audience about the mistakes he only that, in order to enable China’s As for the advice he gave to young in starting a business. Among the to Hong Kong and bought a lot of made, and he regarded those obsta- young people to have access to the people, he took Red as an example. three, direction, which determines Many of us will find it hard to things on his own to experience cles as the precious treasure of his latest fashion trends, Mao actively People often ask for the reason on whether you share the same visions believe that the first edition of Red the shopping process. Afterwards, life. He encouraged young people negotiated with internationally why Red allows users to post their with your partner and the possibil- was just a PDF version of a Hong the content of the application was to try as fast as they can because this famous brands to give them the own content instead of creating ity to have investment capital, is of Kong shopping guide book. “Maybe greatly improved. He also put shop- is the most effective way to find out rights to sell. This turned out to be content itself to promote profitable greater importance. In efforts to find this is not the perfect model, but ping guides written by a number what is valuable and what fits for a huge success. People may ask how products. Mao replied, “This is how his direction, Mao did field work this is your start of realizing your of friends on his application. To them. in Tianzifang, Shanghai, a popular thoughts,” Mao said. Right after his surprise, in 10 days, people in tourist spot, by asking people about his survey, Mao went back to the Korea, the US, and Japan started to Ask the Right People and Mistakes are the only thing in this world the problems they had during their United States and started his small download and register on the shop- Dare to Think Differently that are not worthy of being afraid of since travel. After studying the answers business. It was in October 2013, ping application. “Wow, we cannot “ collected from different groups of right before the peak season of name the app Hong Kong anymore Red didn’t enjoy perfectly sound all people make them. What really matters is interviewees, he discovered that a shopping in Christmas, when he so we changed it into Red,” Mao development afterwards, although the speed you choose to try new things out. large proportion of people found decided to release his application explained. it gained some popularity in the Once you discover your mistake, you must “ it difficult to get information on on Apple App Store. However, he Mistakes are the only thing in market. Since the frequency of over- find the right direction before going forward popular products, such as updated was met with frustration as the App this world that are not worthy of seas travelling is low for ordinary as fast as possible. shopping information regarding the was only downloaded 793 times on being afraid of since all people tourists, users may delete Red from newest versions of Shiseido skincare the first day. He then called all of make them. What really matters is their cell phone right after their products or the limited edition of his friends to ask what else he could the speed you choose to try new vacation. Once again, Mao did a those brilliant ideas came about, but we think differently.” Thinking from Chanel makeup. It then occurred to do. A common answer was that they things out. Once you discover your quick survey aimed at finding out Mao’s answer is simple, “by asking the customer’s perspective allows Mao that perhaps this could be the wanted to know the way to buy mistake, you must find the right what Red could do to retain its the right people and making the him to understand what his users foundation for his business model. those products. To discover possible direction before going forward as users. What is important here is that impossible possible.” need. This way, a healthy and long- Thus, Red was born. shopping methods. After receiving fast as possible. Mao shared to the all of the interviewees were appli- In the final part of his speech, term relationship is established cation users. In a short time, the Mao emphasized that this is an era between Red and its consumers. answer was known: Let consumers of innovation, especially for young However, only a few people dare buy in a convenient and reasonable entrepreneurs who want to change to think about this perspective. way. this world in their own way. To find This profit-oriented society worries “Many claim that it’s impossi- a direction that the world needs to people, and they don’t want to think ble,” Mao said with a gentle smile. move forward is always an essential too differently in fear of failing. He ”To combine shopping information step in starting any kind of business. pointed out that successful entrepre- with e-commerce in a perfect way To have someone with you, not neurs, especially in the information was a task that no company at that only your partners who always come technology industry, enjoy the same time finished.” By establishing its up with brilliant ideas but also your innovative spirit. This spirit serves as own warehouses in Zhengzhou, end users who can guide you to an inspiration for us to improve our Shenzhen, Hong Kong, even in adjust your plan for the future. To products and come up with more Japan, Korea, and Los Angeles have a sponsor who truly under- brilliant ideas. “So don’t hesitate. through cooperation with free-trade stands and agrees with your plan is Dare to think differently and try zones, Red created its own product a long-term financial need that you things out as fast as you can are the source. This thus decreased the high will need in your business. These two most important things that I shipping costs to a great extent and three things are a must. Without want to share with every young man also gave consumers a guarantee any one of them, the other two will or woman who is on their way to on the quality of the product. Not collapse in a short period of time. creating a start-up.”

42 NEWSLETTER｜ PEKING UNIVERSITY AUTUMN 2016 / ISSUE 36 43 Academic

guide for customized mobile is the largest-scaled internet services, optimizing user research which stud- experiences, as well as providing ies the behavior of new ideas and methods for future using emoji for the artificial intelligence interaction mean time. development. The thesis of research UbiComp is a achievements was published in flagship in univer- ACM International Joint Confer- sal computing area and the top one Journals Directory. ence on Pervasive and Ubiquitous percent conference in human-com- This research is sponsored by the Computing, UbiComp2016 titled puter interaction universal calculation National Natural Science Founda- “Learning from the ubiquitous field included in Chinese Computer tion of China and the 863 program language: an empirical analysis of Society Recommendations of Inter- (State High-Tech Development emoji usage of smartphone users”. It national Academic Conferences and Plan).

Tiny Mirror Improves Microscope Resolution for Studying Cells > Zixi Lin

xial excitation confine- June 17, 2016. dicular to the slide. Therefore, PKU Researchers Made Progress in Emoji ment beyond the The confinement of excitation working in the far-field regime, this diffraction limit is crucial light is the key for optical micros- mirror-enhanced axial-narrowing Use on Mobile Services Ato the development of copy to resolve sub-cellular fine super-resolution (MEANS) tech- > Fu Fenju next-generation, super-resolution structures against their neighboring nique enables a more than six-fold microscopy. Recently, Professor background. Optical interference higher axial resolution than the Peng Xi’s team from College of has been used to enhance the axial optical diffraction limit (to 110 Engineering, Peking University and resolution by generating different nm) and lateral resolution two-fold ecently, the research Cooperating with the research ioral sciences into the research. To their collaborators Philip J. Santan- types of excitation modulation in for Stimulated Emission Depletion group led by Professor group led by Associate Professor conduct such an extensive study on gelo from the Georgia Institute of wide-field fluorescence microscopy. (STED) nanoscopy (to 19 nm). Huang Gang and Associ- Mei Qiaozhu from the University popular user preferences regarding Technology, and Dayong Jin from Xi’s team found that when a mirror Axial sectioning can be obtained Rate Professor Liu Xuanzhe of Michigan Electrical Engineer- emojis includes factors such as the University of Technology Sydney is placed behind the specimen, the with wavelength modulation or from the School of Electronics ing and Computer Science and cultural backgrounds of different (UTS) found that the axial thickness interference between the excitation by controlling the space between Engineering and Computer Science Kika Tech，as well as utilizing the countries and regions. The value of the point spread function (PSF) point spread function (PSF) and its the mirror and the specimen. With (EECS) of Peking University, the huge database of the behavior of of this research is that it extends during confocal excitation can be reflection creates, at a single plane the axial sectioning capability Key Laboratory of High Confidence emoji use covering 212 countries to behavioral analysis of mobile easily improved to 110nm by replac- within the cell, an axially narrowed and two-fold improvement of the Software Technologies (PKU), and including 388,000,000 mobile internet users, context awareness ing the microscopy slide with a mirror. PSF away from the mirror surface, MEANS-STED super-resolution, the the Ministry of Education, made internet users, the group inno- and sharing, new human-computer The technique, called mirror-enhanced ~ 110nm in dimension and signifi- inner ring structure of the nuclear significant progress in the research vatively incorporated correlation interface design of mobile comput- axial-narrowing super-resolution cantly improved resolution in the pore complex, as well as the tubu- of emoji service under mobile inter- theories of computer software ing system. At the same time, it (MEANS), is reported in the nature Z-axis -- what scientists see as they lar structure of a viral filamentous net environment. methodology, social and behav- additionally provides a feasible journal Light: Science & Applications on look directly into a cell perpen- virion, have been revealed success-

44 NEWSLETTER｜ PEKING UNIVERSITY AUTUMN 2016 / ISSUE 36 45 Academic

(hRSV). “With this simple, but power- and Hebei. This provides a reliable the baseline scenario, in which the residential emissions do serve as a ful weapon, biologists can tackle guidance for policies on air quality Multi-resolution Emission Inventory major and under-appreciated ambi- many interesting phenomena that management. of China was used by a WRF-Chem ent pollution source which needs were invisible in the past because of The rapid development of the simulation in January and February to be addressed more efficiently. In poor resolution,” Xi added. energy, transportation, and 2010. In the Beijing (BJR) addition, it was found that rather The team says that MEANS is industry sectors have scenario and the Being, than controlling residential emis- compatible with various confocal caused severe air pollu- Tianjin, and Hebei sions solely in Beijing, controlling microscopy schemes including tion in China, which regional scenario residential emissions in the whole two-photon imaging, spinning disk has also led to public (BTHR), residen- BTH region resulted in twice as much microscopy and laser scanning. It is health problems such tial emissions were a reduction in PM2.5 concentrations, believed that the technique could as a increasingly high excluded respectively. illustrating the significance of an find broad applications for scientists incidences of lung cancer. The goal was to estimate inter-regional vision in future air using fluorescence microscopy to Combating pollution in the the total contribution of the resi- quality management. fully with optical microscopy for the large axial and lateral resolution. This examine cells and subcellular struc- Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei (BTH) dential sector to regional outdoor air Their study was also supported by first time. Because biological speci- was like reading newspapers printed tures. Further research could lead to region is a top priority of our coun- pollution by analyzing the differences the National Natural Science Foun- mens and the fluorescent dye can be on transparent plastic; many layers improvements such as the ability to try and is also a great challenge due between the data of the WRF-Chem dation Committee of China and photodamaged by high laser power, were overlapped. By placing a mirror make the mirror’s surface movable, to its severity. Beijing is the capital BASE scenario and the BJR/BTHR the European Seventh Framework MEANS-STED has improved indeed beneath the specimen, we can gener- allowing more control over how the of China, adjacent to Tianjin, while scenarios. Porgram Project PURGE (Public both the lateral and the axial reso- ate a narrowed focal spot so there is cells can be imaged. Hebei is the province surrounding The study showed that eliminat- Health Impacts in Urban Environ- lution without increasing the laser only one layer of the newspaper to The time differences between the two megacities. The BTH region ing residential emissions in January ments of Greenhouse Gas Emissions power in a very remarkable way. read so that every word becomes crys- Australia, China and the United States occupies only 2.3% of the total to February 2010 in Beijing alone Reductions Strategies). Being able to see these tiny struc- tal clear.” provided a challenge for the team’s national land area; however, in 2010, resulted a decrease of 14 ± 7 μg•m−3 Professor Tong Zhu from State tures may provide new information The new system, he noted, allows collaboration, but the researchers say it had 8%, 11%, and 12% of the (22 ± 6%) in the PM2.5 concentra- Key Joint Laboratory of Environ- about the behavior of cells, how they scientists to see the ring structure of the work was very worthwhile for it is national population, gross domestic tion in Beijing, whereas removing mental Simulation and Pollution communicate and how diseases arise the nuclear pore complex for the first a great example of what collaborative, product, and energy consumption, residential emissions in the whole of Control is the corresponding author in them, said Peng Xi. “Previously, the time, and the tubular structure of the international and multi-disciplinary respectively. Many believe that the BTH region brought a decrease of the article. Denise L. Mauzerall vision of biologists was blurred by the human respiratory syncytial virus research can achieve. the pollution of the BTH region is in the PM2.5 con- centrations of 28 from Princeton University and Kirk R. connected with its special geographi- ± 19 μg•m−3 (40 ± 9%), 44 ± 27 Smith from University of California, cal location and the consumption of μg•m−3 (43 ± 10%), and 25 ± 14 Berkeley are the joint-correspond- fuel, therefore prioritized restrictions μg•m−3 (35 ± 8%) in the three prov- ing authors. Dr. Jun Liu, student of PKU Team’s Research Shows Significance of was imposed on major pollution inces in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, Professor Zhu, is the first author of Residential Emissions as Pollution Source sources such as vehicles and power respectively. This has proved that the article. plants. However, the source of solid > Huang Yongheng fuels in household devices from

team led by Professor in the journal Proceedings of the though often underestimated, is a residential sectors remains unrecog- Zhu Tong from the National Academy of Sciences of the great contributory factor to the highly nized, thus its control is relatively College of Environmental United States of America on July 12, polluted Eastern-China region, weak. ASciences and Engineering 2016. especially during winter. The article In order to evaluate the share of has published an article titled “Air Using the Weather Research and also pointed out that Beijing would residential emissions to regional air pollutant emissions from Chinese Forecasting model coupled with witness dramatic improvement of air pollution, the team has designed households: A major and underap- Chemistry (WRF-Chem), the team quality if they put more emphasis on three scenarios for studying, which preciated ambient pollution source” found out that residential emissions, regional pollution control in Tianjin falls in the BTH region. BASE is

46 NEWSLETTER｜ PEKING UNIVERSITY AUTUMN 2016 / ISSUE 36 47 Academic

Statistical Analysis of Air Pollution in Five Major Cities in China Seminal Analysis of the 1989 Revolution in East > Ghulam Mustafa Germany by PKU Professor Dr. Stephan Jaggi > Zhang Yixuan

n September 13, 2016, consumption, meaning electricity, and potentially have lasting nega- rofessor Dr. Stephan Jaggi five Chinese research- coal, and other energy sources, tive effects on agriculture, climate, is currently teaching and ers published in the increased sharply. Official statistics ecosystem, and many aspects of researching at the Peking OAtmosphere section of state a total increase in the energy society. PUniversity School of the Journal of Geophysical Research consumption from 1555 million In order to perform the statisti- Transnational Law. In his new book, a statistical analysis of the air tons in 2001 to 4260 million tons cal analyses of the presence of this The 1989 Revolution in East Germany pollution in Beijing, Shanghai, in 2014. Due to the air pollution, hazardous particle PM2.5, research- and its Impact on Unified Germany’s Guangzhou, Chengdu, and Shen- there has been a tremendous ers studied the hourly level of Constitutional Law – The Forgotten yang. The article, entitled “PM2.5 increase in the amount of severe PM2.5 given by US embassies and Revolution? (Hart and Nomos 2016), data reliability, consistency, and air and chronic air pollution in the near consulates and the Chinese Minis- he provided a “path-breaking” and quality assessment in five Chinese earth atmosphere over a substantial try of Environmental Protection “seminal analysis” of East Germa- cities” was written by Xuan Liang, part of China. in Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, ny’s 1989 revolution, questioning Shuo Li, Shuyi Zhang, Hui Huang, The study says that one of the Chengdu, and Shenyang. the previous mainstream opinion of and Song Xi Chen. Of the five main constituents of air pollution As PM2.5 concentrations are an all-out takeover of East Germany, authors, Xuan Liang, Shuyi Zhang, is fine particulate matter (PM2.5). strongly influenced by meteorologi- acclaiming the significance of citizen unification was much more than bringing about German unification Hui Huang, and Song Xi Chen are PM2.5 consists of airborne parti- cal conditions, a statistical approach movement in East Germany which an unconditional adoption of the and an unconditional adoption from Peking University. cles with aerodynamic diameters has been chosen to produce weath- pushed the integration of their own GG [Basic Law]. It was a process of West German constitutional As China joined the World Trade less than 2.5μm. They are known er-adjusted monthly averages and constitutional agenda in the Basic during which the East Germans law by the East German states. He Organization in 2001, its energy to adversely affect human health percentiles of PM2.5 concentrations Law (Grundgesetz; hereinafter GG) applied legal instruments in argues that the revolution had its for each site. The average, median, after reunification. order to preserve at least some of own constitutional agenda, parts of th and 90 percentile calculated In all the academic research their revolutionary constitutional which were transferred to unified enabled to quantify the charac- accomplished prior, the focus has achievements by transferring them Germany and integrated, mostly by teristics of the PM2.5 detailed always been on the dominant role to unified Germany. Such legal the Federal Constitutional Court, distributions in the five cities. played by West Germany in the instruments were the Unification into the West German consti- The study concludes that there is jurisprudence system. It seems Treaty and the constitutions of the tutional order. Professor Jaggi’s a sharp decline in the PM2.5 concen- like after the reunification, West new states. They included revolu- analysis demonstrates that unified trations in these five cities and the Germany has a leading role in push- tionary constitutional principles Germany’s constitutional law is, at most significant decline happened ing forward new political agenda. that were not in, and sometimes least partly, a co-production of East in 2015 but the present percentage It apparently neglected the huge even contradicted the GG and trans- German revolutionaries and the old of PM2.5 is still far above the World influence exerted by the citizen ferred them to unified Germany’s Federal Republic, thereby offering Health Organization (WHO) toler- movement and public appeal from constitutional order.” a groundbreaking new perspective ance levels. The average level found East Germany in the integration In his book, Professor Jaggi to this field of legal and historical is around 60μg/m3 while the toler- process. takes the position that it is wrong scholarship. ance threshold is around 10μg/m3 Dr. Jaggi pinpointed this limita- to reduce the meaning of the 1989 According to Hart Publishing, according to the WHO. tion: “My thesis is that German revolution in East Germany to “The book promotes a completely

48 NEWSLETTER｜ PEKING UNIVERSITY AUTUMN 2016 / ISSUE 36 49 Academic

new understanding of constitutional Richard Albert from the Boston way: the present conservative effort a multipolar world economy. before 30 and females between 25 job trainings in cities tend to have lawmaking in Germany. A thorough College Law School acclaimed its to undermine the revolutionary This rural-to-urban migration and 35 would return for work in stronger preferences to settle even if analysis of the 1989 revolution in significance for further legal studies achievements of 1989 and the diffi- was not only vital and necessary their hometowns, family issues, or they could find job opportunities or the GDR demonstrates that it is with the reference of 1989 revolu- culty of establishing a culture of to the economic growth of China, marriage. Moreover, inadequate launch entrepreneurial projects back wrong to reduce the revolution’s tion in his review. “Jaggi concludes “public freedom” in ordinary poli- but it was also a way for millions of access to social insurance, education in their hometown. meaning to bringing about German his book by answering the question tics. Jaggi’s book ensures that those low-paid (sometimes unemployed) for children, and housing owner- Finally, one other interesting unification and an unconditional he poses in the title of the book. who seek to preserve the memory redundant agricultural workers in ship because of the ‘hukou’ system aspect of the thesis is that China adoption of West German constitu- Is the 1989 revolution a forgotten of the 1989 revolution will always rural areas to find jobs in urban made it difficult for migrants to stay achieved advance urbanization tional law by the new states. Instead, revolution? The meaning of have a compelling account of its cities. The dual economic and polit- for the long term. Also, as migrants efficiently in two ways. First, by the author shows that the revolution the 1989 revolution unfolding and its impact.” ical reforms therefore generated an aged, their settlement willingness providing more skills to rural had its own constitutional agenda, at is not lost, Jaggi Stephan Jaggi is a constitu- efficient redistribution of the human correlatively decreases. migrants in urban cities, migrants least parts of which were transferred writes, because tional law expert focusing on resources according to the specific But, for the migrants who gained were able to more easily integrate to unified Germany. And it is in the its principles German, U.S., and compar- quantitative labor needs of each work experience, those who had less into cities and contribute to urban new Germany where the Federal are alive in the ative constitutional law geographic area. In the 2010 census connections with hometowns over prosperity. Second, for migrants Constitutional Court integrated most jurisprudence and constitutional theory. in China, 210 million people were the years and those who acquired who returned to their hometowns in of the laws into the West German of the Federal Most recently, he worked as ‘inter-migrants’ or ‘intra-migrants’. a strong urban human capital, the the medium term, as these acquired constitutional order. Case analy- Constitutional Judge at the Court of Appeals of Another interesting fact is the settlement willingness increased skills in the firms, they tended to ses reveal that unified Germany’s Court. But he cautions the State of Schleswig-Holstein in socio-economic gap between significantly according to their statis- balance the education gap between constitutional law is a co-production that two fundamental challenges Germany. He joined Peking Univer- migrants and urban residents. tics. In their analysis, the authors rural and urban areas (geographic between East German revolutionaries stand in the way of remembering sity School of Transnational Law in Migrants tended to be younger, less showed that somehow in Europe, differences, mastering of Mandarin and the old Federal Republic.” the 1989 revolution in an efficient 2013. educated, more likely to be self-em- corporate trainings added a strong versus local dialects) and rebalance ployed or working in the private value to their employees whereas the current mismatch between labor sector and more often as sales or it was very moderate in the US. In supply and demand for post-high production workers. Urban residents China, migrants with strong on-the- school jobs in rural areas. Job Training, Skills Enhancement, and Rural- tended to work in SOEs and more as professional Urban Migration in China employees and clerks. > Jonathan Ly According to the analysis by Qing Wang, Ting Ren, ver the last four decades, students Qing Wang, Ting Ren, and 1980s to the pre-2008 era. Indeed, and Ti Liu, over the last rural migrants coming to an independent collaborator Ti Liu, small and medium state-owned decades before 2010, the urban areas constituted the data on rural urban migration enterprises (SOE) were privatized wages of the migrants Oone of the major drivers in China suggests that migrants and companies could hire and fire increased by 10% every of the labor market. Nevertheless, as are most likely to choose perma- people with more free will than year but remained still China is increasingly integrated into nent residence when they have the when the State was in charge of all lower than the wages of the world economy and as former opportunity to receive corporate labor contracts. This privatization of the urban residents. rural areas are progressively urban- training and upgrade their skills. SOEs coupled with a relaxation of Nevertheless, despite izing, return migration has been Since the economic reforms Deng the household registration (“hukou” these generous economic observed recently, and its seems to Xiaoping undertook in the late system) enabled migrants to move conditions, migrant negatively affect urbanization. But, 1970s, rural-to-urban migration was from remote rural areas to urban workers would even- according to a thesis and analysis one the key drivers of the double- areas in the early 1990s when China tually return to their written by HSBC Business School digit growth of China from the was on the verge of its integration in hometowns. Males

50 NEWSLETTER｜ PEKING UNIVERSITY AUTUMN 2016 / ISSUE 36 51 Giving

communication of Chinese art, Chen Xuguang, Vice Dean of the to the development of Chinese art, BHP Billiton-Peking University Donation Dr. Yang Quanhai, Chairman of School of Arts of PKU, introduced discover more amazing works, and Agreement Signed Beijing Yihai International Cultural about the history of art education to show Chinese unique charms Communication Center, generously at PKU and the development of to the world. At last, Hu Jun, Vice > Xin Yuan donated to support School of Arts of the School of Arts. Then, Dr. Yang Secretary-General of PKUEF (Peking PKU for promoting global commu- Quanhai expressed that he was very University Education Foundation),

n June 6, 2016, BHP Billi- Mackenzie, Chief Executive Officer the social and economic benefits nication theory research of Chinese glad to have a chance to establish remarked that it would help PKU to ton signed a donation of BHP Billiton; Jam Adams, the and minimizing the environmen- art and cultivating talents, and it a special-purpose fund in PKU. He cultivate more talents and promote agreement with Peking Australian Ambassador to China; Lin tal footprint through innovation, was awarded as the PKU Education wished that the fund could motivate the communication between China OUniversity (PKU), which Jianhua, President of PKU, and others productivity and technology. Contribution Award. more people to devote themselves and abroad. ensured that BHP Billiton would attended the signing ceremony. Li The CCUS Project is one of the donate 7.37million US dollars to Yansong, Vice President of PKU, offici- methods that can promote the PKU in the coming three years to ated the ceremony. development of low-carbon-emis- support PKU for implementing a BHP Billiton is an Anglo-Austra- sion technology, and thus help Zhang Shiying Aesthetic Philosophy Carbon Capture, Utilization and Stor- lian multinational mining, metals Chinese corporations cut emission age (CCUS) Project. Andrew Stewart and petroleum company headquar- of greenhouse gases. The signing Scholarship Established at PKU tered in Melbourne, of the donation agreement would > Mina Sohn Australia. It is the hopefully lay a solid foundation world’s largest mining for the development of CCUS tech- company measured by nology in China, which will lead n the morning of cil, and other guests attended the 2015 market values. Chinese iron and steel industry September 2, 2016, the ceremony for the establishment. And it has been towards a more eco-friendly direc- Zhang Shiying Aesthetic The company established the fund aiming to contribute tion and contribute to slowing Philosophy Scholar- to develop the academic spirit of to economic develop- down of the climate change process O ship Establishment Ceremony was Zhang Shiying, Professor of the ment by maximizing in the future. held at the Li Zhaoji Academy of Department of Philosophy and to Humanities, PKU. The scholarship award the famous scholars who was donated by China Sea Hold- made outstanding academic contri- ing Group Company. Lu Zhiqiang, butions and young scholars who the personality and academic style PKU Chinese Art Global Communication Yang member of CPPCC National had pioneering research in the field of Professor Zhang. The 95-year- Quanhai Fund Establishment Ceremony Committee, Vice-Chairman of of philosophy, aesthetics, and art. old Zhang Shiying expected that the China Chambers and Associations, Chairman Zhu represented fund put the academic criteria at the > Mina Sohn Chairman of China Sea Holding Peking University to express his first place for evaluation so that it Group Company; Zhu Shanlu, PKU gratitude, and Chairman Lu hoped could play an important role in the Chairman of the University Coun- that the fund could carry forward cultural development of our times. n September 19, 2016, a ceremony for the PKU Chinese Art Global OCommunication Yang Quanhai Fund Establishment Tel: (+86) 10-6276-7821 was held at the Yingjie Overseas How to Give Fax: (+86) 10-6275-5998 Exchange Center. To promote the Peking University Email: [email protected] development, especially the global Education Foundation Website: www.pkuef.org

52 NEWSLETTER｜ PEKING UNIVERSITY AUTUMN 2016 / ISSUE 36 Ming He Garden

Ming He Garden, also known as the Singing Crane Garden, is located on the north side inside the west gate of Peking University. Along with Jing Chun Garden, it was once a part of the Shu Chun Garden. In the Qianlong Dynasty, the Shu Chun Garden became a part of Yuan Ming Yuan. In the Jiaqing years of the Qing Dynasty, the Shu Chun Yuan was divided into the Ming He Garden and the Jing Chun Garden. Built by the Manchu prince Mianyu in the mid-nineteenth century, the Ming He Garden was intended to serve as a refuge from the clutter of daily life near the Forbidden City. In 1860, during the Anglo-French war in China, the garden was destroyed. Peaceful Western involvement began in 1986, when ground was broken for the Arthur Sackler Museum of Art and Archaeology. Completed in 1993, the museum and the Jillian Sackler Sculpture Garden stand on the same grounds today. Photo: Wang Wenquan

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